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Adhesion of protein materials with fluorescent stains to the film of GaGeS composition fabricated by the pulsed laser deposition was investigated. Resistance of the protein markers deposited onto the film to a washing in buffer isotonic solution was established. The obtained results provide the possibility to use these films for the development of protein biochips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the photoresistive properties of films in the As-S system, a two-dimensional array has been formed on a glass substrate using islands of this film. The adhesion of protein materials with fluorescent dyes to the structure obtained was studied. Selective adhesion of protein molecules to islands of a chalcogenide film has been found. The protein markers adsorbed on the film are resistant to prolonged washing in a buffer isotonic solution and water. The results obtained indicate prospects in the study of these films as a material for substrates of protein biochips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influenza A virus (IAV) NS1 protein is one of the key viral factors responsible for virus-host interactions. NS1 counteracts host antiviral defense, participates in the processing and export of cellular mRNAs, regulates the activity of viral RNA polymerase and the expression of viral genes, and influences the cellular signaling systems. Multiple NS1 functions are carried out due to the interactions with cellular factors, the number of which exceeds one hundred. It is noteworthy that only two segments of IAV genome - NS and NP - did not undergo reassortment and evolved in the course of genetic drift, beginning with the pandemic of 1918 to the present. This fact may indicate the importance of NS1 and its numerous interactions with cellular factors in the interspecific adaptation of the virus. The review presents data on the evolution of the human IAV NS1 protein and analysis of the amino acid substitutions in the main structural and functional domains of NS1 protein during evolution.

Anti-influenza drugs and vaccines have a limited effect due to the high mutation rate of virus genome. The direct impact on the conservative virus genome regions should significantly improve therapeutic effectiveness. The RNA interference mechanism (RNAi) is one of the modern approaches used to solve this problem. In this work, we have investigated the antiviral activity of small interfering RNA (siRNA) against the influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), targeting conserved regions of NP and PA. Polycations were used for intracellular siRNA delivery: chitosan's derivatives (methylglycol and quaternized chitosan), polyethyleneimine, lipofectamine, and hybrid organic/non-organic microcapsules. A comparative study of these delivery systems with fluorescent labeled siRNA was conducted. The antiviral activity of three small interfering RNAs targeting the NP (NP-717, NP-1496) and PA (PA-1630) influenza A viruses genes was demonstrated, depending on the chosen carrier. The most effective intracellular delivery and antiviral activity were observed for hybrid microcapsules.