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PolikistikOver Sendromu (PKOS); üreme çağındaki kadınlarda izlenen sık endokrin vemetabolik bozukluktur. Yüksek prevalansına rağmen farklı fenotipleri, yaşbağımlı heterojen kliniği ve etnik farklılıkları hem klinisyen hem de hastaaçısından tanıda zorluklara yol açmaktadır. PKOS oluşumunun temel mekanizmalarıhalen tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Güncel bilgiler ışığında PKOS’un bir çokfaktörün bir araya gelmesi ile oluşan multifaktoriyel bir sendrom olduğu kabuledilmektedir. Her ne şekilde olursa olsun gerek insülin rezistansı gerekse dehiperandrojenemi veya bu ikisinin beraber varlığı hastaları ilerleyendönemlerde obezite, dislipidemi, kompensatuvar hiperinsülineminin eşlik ettiğiinsülin rezistansı, tip 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolik sendrom vekardiyovasküler hastalıklar açısından yüksek risk grubuna almaktadır. PKOSyaşamın farklı dönemlerinde reprodüktif, metabolik, sistemik veya psikolojiketkileri ayrı ayrı kliniklerde ön plana çıkabilir. PKOS’ a eşlik edenhastalıklar çoğunlukla bilinmekle birlikte bu hasta grubunda eşlik edenhastalıklar açısından optimal tarama, total risk değerlendirmesi ve klinikyönetimle ilgili algoritmalar hala oldukça tartışmalıdır. Olguların yönetimindebaskın şikayete yönelik tanı ve tedavi planlaması yapılırken, hastalığınheterojen özelliği gözardı edilmekte, hastalığın komorbiditeleri ve uzun dönemriskleri üzerinde çoğunlukla yeterli danışmanlık yapılmamaktadır. Oysa yaşam süresi boyunca hastalığınseyrinde belirgin klinik varyasyon izlenmekle beraber kronik süreçte PKOS’aeşlik eden medikal problemler yükledikleri ek komorbiditelerle hastalarınkarşısına yeniden çıkabilmektedir. Bu yayının amacı PKOS tanı ve yönetiminde ‘2018Uluslarası kanıta dayalı PKOS değerlendirme ve yönetim rehberi (2018 PKOSRehberi) doğrultusunda eşlik edenhastalıklar ve bu hastalıklara bağlı uzun dönem riskler açısından önerilerindetaylı olarak irdelenmesidir., Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS); is themost common endocrine and metabolic disturbance during reproductive period inwomen. Although its high prevalence, different phenotypes, heterogeneous clinicpresentations related to age and ethnical differences; result in diagnostic dilemmasfor both the clinicians and the patients. The exact pathophsiology of PCOS isyet to be defined. PCOS is thought tobe a multi-systemic disease currently. Inany case, both insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia, and the presence ofboth conclude with an increased long-term risk of patients for obesity,dyslypidemi, insulin resistance with compensatuar hyperinsulinemia, metabolicsyndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Reproductive, metabolic, systemic, orpsychological effects of PCOS may come into prominence separately in differentperiods of life. Although the comorbidities of PCOS are mostly known, thealgorithms related to optimal screening, total risk assessment, and clinicalmanagement are still controversial for comorbidities in this patient group. While thediagnosis and treatment planning for the complaints, the heterogeneous natureof the disease is generally ignored, and there is often insufficientconsultation on the comorbidities and long-term risks of the disease. Howeverthere is a marked clinical variation in the course of the disease throughoutlife, medical problems associated with PCOS may reappear with additionalcomorbidities in the chronic process. The aim of this review is to examine therecommendations with respect to the 2018 International Evidence Based PCOSAssessment and Management Guideline (2018 PCOS Guideline) in terms of concomitantco morbid diseases and long-term risks related to PCOS.

This study was carried out to determine some pomological and chemical characteristics of Bilecik, Yavuz, Sebin walnut cultivars and Yerli genotype grown in Kırşehir, Turkey. Characteristics of walnut such as nut weight, kernel weight, nut width, nut height and nut diameter and some kernel features were investigated. The results revealed that the average weight of fruit ranged from 17.33 g (Yavuz) to 12.83 g (Sebin), the nut width from 37.63 mm (Yavuz) to 31.33 mm (Yerli), the nut height from 52.25 mm (Yavuz) to 41.07 mm (Yerli), and the kernel percentage from 46.07% (Bilecik) to 49.43% (Yavuz) The highest oil content was detected in Yavuz cultivar (63.20%), while the lowest value was obtained from Bilecik cultivar with 53.90%. Contrary to fat content, the highest protein content was detected in the Bilecik cultivar. When the data obtained are evaluated, it is understood that Yavuz and Şebin walnut varieties are suitable for Central Anatolia conditions.

The objective of the study is determination of land use and land cover patterns of Adapazari plain and its surroundings by image classification. The study area is located in northwest of Turkey between coordinates of 40°37- 40°57 N and 30°1230°46 E and approximately 140 km east of Istanbul. Plain has become by the accumulation of sediments carried by Sakarya River and its tributaries. Adapazari Plain is a fertile agricultural area because of its favourable natural conditions. However, because of its closeness to Istanbul, population stress has gradually increased, so industrialization and urbanization has been accelerated in the plain. In this study, SPOT-5 satellite image is used to determination of land use and land cover characteristics of research area. The image is analyzed by using data images processing techniques in ERDAS Imagine© 10.0 and ArcGIS© 10.0 software. Land cover nomenclature is classified according to the CORINE (Coordination of Information on the Environment) Level 2 Classification (1-Urban fabric, 2-Heterogeneous agricultural areas, 3-Forests and 4-Inland wetlands) and Level 3 Classification (1-Industrial units, 2-Roads) . Furthermore, the image analysis results are confirmed by the field research

WOS: 000338633500049, PubMed: 24870768, Background: To evaluate the incidence, diagnosis and management of GTN among 28 centers in Turkey. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was designed to include GTN patients attending 28 centers in the 10-year period between January 2003 and May 2013. Demographical characteristics of the patients, histopathological diagnosis, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) anatomical and prognostic scores, use of single-agent and multi-agent chemotherapy, surgical interventions and prognosis were evaluated. Results: From 2003-2013, there were 1,173,235 deliveries and 456 GTN cases at the 28 centers. The incidence was calculated to be 0.38 per 1,000 deliveries. According to the evaluated data of 364 patients, the median age at diagnosis was 31 years (range, 15-59 years). A histopathological diagnosis was present for 45.1% of the patients, and invasive mole, choriocarcinoma and PSTTs were diagnosed in 22.3% (n=81), 18.1% (n=66) and 4.7% (n=17) of the patients, respectively. Regarding final prognosis, 352 (96.7%) of the patients had remission, and 7 (1.9%) had persistence, whereas the disease was mortal for 5 (1.4%) of the patients. Conclusions: Because of the differences between countries, it is important to provide national registration systems and special clinics for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of GTN.