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In this research, digital technologies that will potentially be useful for teachers in an inclusive educational space were considered. The combined classification of digital technologies of inclusive direction, including software and hardware in three main areas, is offered: for training and repetition; to help with learning; and to expand learning opportunities. The authors developed and theoretically substantiated a model for preparing pre-service teachers to use digital technologies in an inclusive educational space. The effectiveness of the developed model was tested through a pedagogical experiment that involved three tests based on criteria. The effectiveness of the authors' model was confirmed by the sign test at the significance level of 0.05.

Important physical properties, that characterize a substance, are the density and pressure of saturated vapors (PSV). These parameters need to be known when developing new technological processes in oil refining and chemical industries, designing pipelines, pumping equipment, fuel equipment, hydraulic cleaning processes, calculations related to the amount of petroleum products in mass volume, when operating technical systems running on liquid fuel. For gasoline fractions, the density is a normalized quality parameter, it is an integral part of various combined constants and calculation formulas.

In situ transcriptomic techniques promise a holistic view of tissue organization and cell-cell interactions. There has been a surge of multiplexed RNA in situ mapping techniques but their application to human tissues has been limited due to their large size, general lower tissue quality and high autofluorescence. Here we report DART-FISH, a padlock probe-based technology capable of profiling hundreds to thousands of genes in centimeter-sized human tissue sections. We introduce an omni-cell type cytoplasmic stain that substantially improves the segmentation of cell bodies. Our enzyme-free isothermal decoding procedure allows us to image 121 genes in large sections from the human neocortex in 20 healthy and pathological cell states, and identified diseased niches enriched in transcriptionally altered epithelial cells and myofibroblasts.

The purpose of this article is to study types of parental attitude towards children as a way to achieve adaptive family relationships. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. A pilot research was used as the empirical method. The results of the research. Children of parents with a controlling type of upbringing were obedient, suggestible, fearful, not too persistent in achieving their own goals, non-aggressive. With a mixed style of upbringing children are characterized by suggestibility, obedience, emotional sensitivity, non-aggres­siveness, lack of curiosity, originality of thinking and poor imagination. So, we distinguished three types of parental attitudes that are pathogenic for the emo­tional development of the child: 1. Emotional rejection is the indifferent attitude towards the child, it shows the parents’ unwillingness to satisfy the child’s physi­cal and mental needs, a desire to spend more time without him/her. This also includes cruel treatment, when, along with indifference, parents inflict physical injuries on the child. The reasons are financial difficulties, marital conflicts and mental infantilism of the child. 2. Overprotection is often such style of treatment of the child, which covers up an unconscious rejection of him/her. A feeling of guilt, in the connection with this rejection, often is arisen in parents’ psyche whose child is often and seriously ill. 3. Treatment of the child by a double bind type. The child is completely (and emotionally) dependent on the parents. Conclusions. The classification of parental attitudes towards children suf­fering from neuroses, neurosis-like conditions, psychopathies and character accentuationswas proposed: 1. Indulgent hyperprotection: the child is the cen­ter of attention of the family, and the family strives to satisfy his/her needs as fully as it is possible. 2. Dominant hyperprotection: the child is the center of attention of the parents, who spend a lot of time and energy to him/her, while depriving him/her of independence, setting numerous restrictions and prohibi­tions. 3. Emotional rejection: ignoring the child’s needs, often cruelty to him/her. 4. Increased moral responsibility is in education, increased moral demands are combined with inattention and lack of care on the part of the parents. 5. Cruel treatment includes parents do not strive to satisfy the needs of the child, but at the same time practice cruel punishments for the slightest offenses. 6. Neglect: the child is left to his/her own devices, the parents are not interested in his/her personality and do not control him/her. Lack of care and control are perceived by us as hypoprotection.

The purpose of this article is to show psychological features of post-trau­matic stress disorder of combatants. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling and generalization. The experimental method was the method of or­ganizing empirical research. The results of the research. The following methods were shown to be widely used by psychologists and rehabilitation specialists of military units and unit commanders in the practice of psychological rehabilitation of combatants who had received combat mental trauma: autogenic techniques (performance of mental self-regulation techniques, self-training, meditation, etc.); physiologi­cal methods (deep sleep, rest, quality food, drinking a lot of water, shower, field bath); organizational means (establishing a clear regime of work and rest, in­volvement of servicemen into active combat training, service, preservation of military uniform); medication means (sedatives, tranquilizers, antidepressants, nootropics, psychostimulants, phytotherapy, vitamin therapy, etc.); psychotherapeutic techniques and methods (individual and group rational psychotherapy, music, library, art, nature therapy, etc.). Conclusions. We proved that the situation of hostilities, which take place in the east of Ukraine, leads to pronounced changes in the functional state of mental activity, which is characterized by the development of extremely strong negative emotions, such as anxiety, fear, severe mental and physical fatigue. The rapid transition to a peaceful reality often does not allow combatants to adequately respond to certain circumstances from the perspective of the sur­rounding reality. Post-traumatic stress disorder, becoming chronic, affects al­most every aspect of a combatant’s life, including work, activity, interpersonal relationships, physical health and self-esteem.

The world has already entered the stage of increasing odds for a new pandemic, which prompts to seek out for new flu vaccines, because existing vaccines demonstrate only suboptimal effectiveness. With the Covid-19 pandemic, the possibility of using mRNA vaccines has been opened up, and a prospect of finding hemagglutinin (HA) gene mRNA-based new influenza vaccines seems very attractive. As a rule, the mRNA vaccine is a product of recoding, which ensures the mRNA stability. However, the results of mRNA recoding can be ambiguous. The purpose of this report is to analyze the features of genes and proteins and to consider opportunities and limitations in their recoding. Primary structures of NA proteins and relevant genes were retrieved from Internet publicly available databases. The amino acid composition and frequency of dipeptides, nucleotide and dinucleotide compositions, %GC, translational code and compositions of neighboring di- and tricodones, distribution along primary structure for explicit and synonymous mutations were determined. H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes have both specific and general features (limitations) in their genes, differing not only in the number of protein substitutions, but also in the number and distribution of gene synonymous codons, which do not manifest in the protein primary structure, but appear, apparently, as a hidden factor, which causes the low effectiveness of classical influenza vaccines. The identification of several limitations in gene structure suggests that its any modification (in any gene) must not contradict each of the restrictions established by nature. The frequency of CpG dinucleotides in all studied strains is low, but a potential for optimizing it in H1N1 strains due to the prohibition of the quartet in the gene for arginine-encoding codons is especially limited and can be implemented through synonymous codons of other amino acids (alanine, proline, threonine or serine). Compared to the H1N1 subtype, the H3N2 subtype can be expected to have more possibilities in constructing stable NA gene mRNA.

This study examined how multinational corporations adapted their corporate social responsibility strategies while operating in russia during the ongoing war against Ukraine. Specifically, the analysis investigated the impact of different corporate social responsibility approaches on financial performance, stakeholder trust, and corporate reputation for multinational corporations operating in russia during the war. A game-theoretic model evaluated three distinct strategies: minimal corporate social responsibility engagement (Strategy 1), increased corporate social responsibility involvement (Strategy 2), and a complete exit from the russian market (Strategy 3). The quantitative analysis showed that companies choosing the exit strategy (Strategy 3) gained the highest payoffs for financial performance, stakeholder trust, and reputation. In contrast, minimal corporate social responsibility engagement (Strategy 1) resulted in negative outcomes, including reputational damage and potential exposure to sanctions. On the other hand, increased corporate social responsibility involvement (Strategy 2) produced neutral outcomes, offering short-term benefits but still leaving companies vulnerable to ongoing risks. The sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of these outcomes. The study concludes that exiting the russian market not only aligns with ethical standards but also ensures long-term sustainability, offering critical insights for corporations navigating corporate social responsibility challenges in war zones. AcknowledgmentsWe sincerely express our gratitude to Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Marko Sarstedt, the LMU Fellowship Grant (LMU Ukraine support-fund) for the support of Ukrainian scientists.

The article determines the critical parameters of the oil fraction-temperature, pressure and density. The experimental results are compared with the calculated results, the calculation method closest to the experimental results is chosen, the calculation error is estimated. The main results and conclusions are presented. The use of the theory of thermodynamic similarity in the method of density calculation and DNP required first of all knowledge of the parameters of the state at the critical point. The accuracy of the calculation of critical parameters affects the reliability of the results.

The paper presents a study of dialect speakers’ lexicon excerpt correlated with the sphere of traditional spiritual culture. A classification of an extensive array of facts recorded whilst surveying the informants in the points of mixed residence in Volgograd region is proposed. The research is carried out in line with the established methodological principles of linguistic units interpretation, and is based on the material extracted from the speech recordings of native speakers of the Don and Ukrainian dialects. The study focused on the key concepts in the spiritual culture of the Russian-Ukrainian population of the region. The concepts are verbalized in the speech of dialect speakers, whose way of life, traditions and customs reflect the life of a nationally heterogeneous continuum. The lexical units relevant for the transition of culturally significant information are defined. It is revealed regarding the content-and-semantic principle of detailing information in the text (within the framework of themes and microthemes) and the semantic-andcategorical means of representing ethnocultural meanings in context (within situations and micro-situations). For residents of mixed settlements, the topics “Ethnic identification of dialect speakers”, “Kinship. Family. Kinship and family relations, traditions”, “Calendar and folk rituals, customs and beliefs”, “Leisure amusements, folk games, fun”, “Nature in traditional spiritual culture”, “Folk medicine, healing”, “Folk etiquette, moral norms of behavior in society, community” are noted to be significant. The article describes the procedure for segmenting an excerpt of dialect speakers’ lexicon into individual topics that reflect traditional culture in its spiritual component; it shows the lexical content of microthemes recorded in the stories of Russian- and Ukrainian-speaking informants; and provides the description of lexical means significant for the realization of these ethno-cultural meanings.

The results of using SLA‑technology in the manufacture of molds for obtaining wax models in lost wax casting are presented. 3D printing modes of molds have been developed to ensure the required roughness of the working surfaces and durability of the resulting molds. The optimal parameters for pressing the wax composition into molds made using SLA technology have been established. It is shown that the use of SLA technology for the manufacture of molds makes it possible to obtain wax models and castings of the required quality. An experimental technology has been developed for the production of castings from bronze by casting according to smelted models.

Enteropathogenic escherichiosis (ЕРЕС) remains to date one of the common causes of the development of gastrointestinal pathology in young children and, depending on the serovar, ЕРЕС can be severe with the development of urgent conditions threatening the patient's life.The purpose of the study: to establish the clinical features of enteropathogenic escherichiosis (ЕРЕС) in young children, depending on the severity of the disease.Materials and methods: the analysis of clinical and laboratory data of 105 cases of ЕРЕС in young children treated at the Regional Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital named after A.M. Nichoga in Astrakhan during 2013—2023 was carried out.The results: According to the results of our study, it was found that the disease was more often caused by serovars ЕРЕС O111 (59%), O55 (32,4%). Mild and moderate forms of ЕРЕС were 74,3%. Severe forms of HERES (25,7%) are characterized by: acute onset, prolonged (7,9 ± 0,4 days) febrile fever (66,7%); repeated vomiting (91,3%), diarrhea for 9,9 ± 1,8 days with a stool frequency of more than 10 times a day (59.3%) of an abundant, watery nature (96.3%), dehydration of II—III degree (88,9%), the presence of intestinal dysbiosis (96%). In 45,7% of children, ЕРЕС occurred in a moderate form, characterized by subfebrile fever (93.7%) for 5.8 ± 0,9 days, vomiting for 2—3 days (85,4%), watery diarrhea up to 10 times a day (68,7%) lasting 5,9 ± 0,8 days, dehydration of I—II degree (85,4%), intestinal dysbiosis (52%). The difference between mild forms of ЕРЕС (28,6%) was the absence of fever (70%), vomiting (60%), dehydration (100%), and the presence of intestinal dysbiosis in only 16% of children. The nature of the fever, the frequency of vomiting, at the beginning of the disease and subsequently, allows us to judge the severity of the disease, its possible duration, and the effectiveness of treatment. An increase in body temperature to febrile figures, on the 2rd—4th day of the disease, indicates the development of a severe form of ЕРЕС.

Introduction. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is a bone metabolic disease that develops as a result of glucocorticoid (GC) use, is one of the most frequent causes of secondary osteoporosis, leads to an increase in the risk of low-energy fractures, disability and mortality of GC users. Despite the few stu­dies conducted in Ukraine on the epidemiology and treatment of GIOP, there have been no national recommendations for its ma­nagement until now, which has become the background for their creation. The purpose was to develop national guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of GIOP based on the analytical analysis of modern literary sources to improve the awareness of the medical community of Ukraine, improve management, and reduce the socio-economic burden of the disease. Materials and ­methods. A group of 18 experts, leading Ukrainian scientists in various fields, was created to develop the guideline. An analysis of current literary sources on epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of GIOP, and monitoring of the effectiveness and safety of its treatment was carried out. Evidence was synthesized ­using the GRADE system, and a critical assessment of the quality of the recommendations was carried out using the AGREE II tool. ­Results. The guideline consists of 12 provisions on screening, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of GIOP. The authors emphasized the need to increase the awareness of the medical community of Ukraine regarding the problem, as well as patients regarding the possible side effects of GC. They presented the features of the clinical assessment of the osteoporotic fracture risk in GC users, as well as modern and available in Ukraine methods of diagnosis and treatment of GIOP. Conclusion. The first Ukrainian guideline for screening, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of GIOP is an important national tool for its management, which is recommended by the Board of the Ukrainian Association of Osteoporosis for use in practical health care by doctors of various specialties.

The article emphasises that for the actors of the security and defence sector, solving various communication situations is a constant and important task which can become difficult to perform if the social intelligence abilities are not sufficiently developed. A comparative analysis of the peculiarities of social intelligence abilities of higher education students of higher education institutions of the security and defence sector, who study in the specialities of “Law” and “Psychology”, was carried out. It is emphasized that the specificity of the social situation of the study participants' intellectual abilities development is due to certain features: lockdowns and quarantines of 2020–2021 with the vast majority of distance education, which were caused by the spread of the COVID-19 virus infection; martial law, which has been in force since February 2022. The senior students of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs and the Military Law Institute of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University took part in the study. The empirical data were obtained using J. Guilford’s psychodiagnostic methodology for studying social intelligence. It has been found that the general level of social intelligence of most of the surveyed cadets corresponded to the average level. It has been shown that the general level of social intelligence of the cadets studying “Psychology” was higher than that of the cadets studying “Law”. It has been revealed that the differences in the level of social intelligence of the surveyed groups of cadets were due to a statistically significantly higher level of development of the ability to predict the consequences of the behaviour of others in typical conditions among cadets studying “Psychology” and a more developed ability to understand the logic of interaction situations and the significance of people's behaviour in these situations. It has been established that the most developed ability of social intelligence of the study participants studying in the speciality “Law” was the ability to understand the change in the meaning of similar verbal reactions of a person depending on the context of the situation that caused them. It has been argued that the specific social conditions of personality formation of higher education students in recent years have not significantly affected the level of development of their social intelligence abilities. The main directions of development of social intelligence abilities of cadets studying in different specialities are presented.

According to the Law “On Seed Production”, all varieties or hybrids included in the state register shall be provided for genetic passports, as well as making a list of plants’ species, the production of which is aimed at ensuring food security. However, the use of morphological characteristics does not allow distinguishing genetically similar samples, identifying hidden genetic variability and ensuring control of the homogeneity of the initial material. In connection with these limitations, the purpose of the current work was to develop approaches for the selection of molecular genetic mic- rosatellite markers (SSR markers) to differentiate common wheat varieties. In accordance with the purpose, there has been conducted a literature review regarding methods for genetic certification and evaluation of the diversity of spring common wheat based on polymorphism of microsatellite loci, and there has been generated a set of Triticum aestivum genome assemblies from the NCBI Gen Bank. Based on the literature data, there have been selected the most polymorphic SSR markers using the invented algorithm. The analysis of databases of SSR markers in the genome of common wheat using bioinformatics methods allowed establishing a minimal discriminatory set of 20 markers that can detect 419 different alleles in Triticum aestivum. The results obtained can become the necessary theoretical foundation for further practical research.

The solution to a specific technological problem is combined with the methodological development of a nonlinear multifactorial relationship to justify the boundaries of its extrapolation beyond the experimental range used. White soot was produced through two-stage carbonization of a silicate solution (composition, g/l: Na2O = 126.5, SiO2 = 107.7, Al2O3 = 3.1), obtained after processing waste tailings with carbon dioxide in a recirculation system. The influence of the deposition duration, temperature, and final pH value of the pulp on the formation of the specific surface area (Ssp, m2/g) of white soot was studied. The specific surface area was calculated from the average diameter of the white soot particles measured using an electron microscope. A multifactorial experiment was designed, and the experimental results were processed using a probabilistic deterministic method for experiment design (PDED) to obtain a nonlinear multiplicative combined model. A new interpretation of the subordination of the nonlinear multiple correlation coefficient R and the R2 value was given as relating to the structural and adaptive components of complex self-organizing systems. This determines their use for assessing the ratio of the basic R and extrapolated R2ranges of variation for each factor and any combinations thereof and multifactorial dependence in general. The results are presented in the form of multifactor tabular nomograms measured by the number of multifactor cells in localized areas of optimal sets that allow isolation by one or another combination of factors. The technological object of extrapolation of the ‘white soot’ production is linked to the solution of emerging methodological problems and illustrates the accessibility of the engineering application of the proposed method for combining nonlinear and linear approaches to mathematical experimental design. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-03-08 Full Text: PDF

Abstract Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous embryonal malignancy and the deadliest tumor of infancy. It is a complex disease that can result in diverse clinical outcomes. In some children, tumors regress spontaneously. Others respond well to existing treatments. But for the high-risk group, which constitutes approximately 40% of all patients, the prognosis remains dire despite collaborative efforts in basic and clinical research. While its exact cellular origin is still under debate, NB is assumed to arise from the neural crest cell lineage including multipotent Schwann cell precursors (SCPs), which differentiate into sympatho-adrenal cell states eventually producing chromaffin cells and sympathoblasts. Methods To investigate clonal development of neuroblastoma cell states, we performed haplotype-specific analysis of human tumor samples using single-cell multi-omics, including joint DNA/RNA sequencing of sorted single cells (DNTR-seq). Samples were also assessed using immunofluorescence stainings and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). Results Beyond adrenergic tumor cells, we identify subpopulations of aneuploid SCP-like cells, characterized by clonal expansion, whole-chromosome 17 gains, as well as expression programs of proliferation, apoptosis, and a non-immunomodulatory phenotype. Conclusion Aneuploid pre-malignant SCP-like cells represent a novel feature of NB. Genetic evidence and tumor phylogeny suggest that these clones and malignant adrenergic populations originate from aneuploidy-prone cells of migrating neural crest or SCP origin, before lineage commitment to sympatho-adrenal cell states. Our findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of NB cell states. Considering the multipotency of SCPs in development, we suggest that the transformation of fetal SCPs may represent one possible mechanism of tumor initiation in NB with chromosome 17 aberrations as a characteristic element.

Background. The shortage of healthcare human resources is currently one of the most discussed topics in both Russian and global discourse. Along with the study of such important problems in the healthcare system, as its unevenness, a lack of access to health services among the most vulnerable groups, a low quality of the care provided, etc., much attention is currently paid to the professional competence, adaptation, and retention of mid-level specialists in medical organizations. One possible solution to the above problems is seen in the institute of mentorship.Objectives. To analyze the main approaches to defining the concept of “nursing mentorship” in the foreign and Russian research literature.Methods. A comparative analysis of literature sources by foreign and Russian authors addressing the definition, content, and implementation of nursing mentorship was conducted using the PubMed and eLibrary.ru databases.Results. Three main approaches — “dyadic”, “triadic,” and “integrated” (mixed) — to defining the concept of nurse mentorship were identified. The dyadic approach focuses on the analysis of interpersonal interactions between mentor and mentee. Such interactions arise during a specifically planned and goal-oriented activity aimed at a dynamic psychosocial intervention in the mentee’s professional life to bridge gaps in his/her knowledge and skills and to increase self-confidence. Dyadic mentoring can be of individual, group, distance, peer, cascade, and reverse types. The triadic approach implies interaction not only between mentor and mentee, but also involvement of the medical organization as a party. The administrators are interested in personnel stability, improved professional skills of the staff, increased loyalty and commitment to the organization. The main focus here is on the functionality, formalization, and comprehensiveness of mentoring programs, allowing the goals of the medical organization to be achieved. Within the integrated (mixed) approach, the negative experience of mentoring and the possibilities of forming a culture of mentorship are analyzed. The mentorship culture, while reflecting the interests of the medical organization, bolsters “authentic friendship” within the nursing team. Mentorship is considered as a set of activities that influence mentors, mentees, and the medical organization as a whole, passing through various development phases and stages in the interests of the three interacting parties. The contribution of Russian authors to the development of mentorship consists in the elucidation of issues related to the professional development and sociocultural adaptation of young specialists in the healthcare system, as well as in modeling mentorship relations. Mentorship is considered not only in terms of the specifics of interpersonal professional relations that arise in the mentor and mentee interaction, but also as an instrument in labor management. Mentorship programs can increase the personnel’s commitment to their profession and the results achieved.Conclusion. In the current scientific literature, different approaches to defining the concept of mid-level medical personnel mentorship are presented. The existing experience in organizing mentorship programs may significantly improve their qualitative level, thereby contributing to professional self-realization of both mentors and young nursing specialists.

Development of productive strawberry cultivars adapted to harsh winter conditions is an urgent task for plant breeders in Russia. The M. G. Safronov Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture has used wild strawberry forms combining several useful agronomic and biological traits, primarily the resistance to extreme environmental conditions, to achieve this objective. In the efforts to preserve the diversity of crop cultivars, the N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) has developed and is implementing a program to establish nomenclatural standards for domestic cultivars of vegetatively propagated crops. The results of the implementation of this program are presented. Nomenclatural standards for the strawberry cultivars ‘Alexandra’, ‘Pokrovskaya’, ‘Sadovospasskaya’, ‘Vladyka Zosima’ and ‘Bersenevskaya’, released by the M. G. Safronov Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, have been formalized, registered in the VIR Herbarium Database, and placed for conservation in the Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, Their Wild Relatives, and Weeds (WIR).

Abstract The microstrip of modulated width is a realization of a one-dimensional photonic crystal operating in the microwave regime. Like any photonic crystal, the periodic microstrip is characterised by the presence of frequency bands and band gaps that enable and prohibit wave propagation, respectively. The frequency bands for microstrip of the symmetric unit cell can be distinguished by 0 or $$\pi$$ π Zak phase. The sum of these topological parameters for all bands below a given frequency gap determines the value of the surface impedance at the end of the microstrip. We demonstrate that edge modes are absent in a finite microstrip terminated at both ends in the centres of unit cells, but they can be induced by adding the defected cells. Edge modes present at both ends of the microstrip enable microwave tunneling with high transitivity in the frequency gap with or without a change in phase. This has been demonstrated experimentally and developed in detail using numerical simulations and model calculations. The investigated system, with a doublet of edge modes in the frequency gap, can be considered as a narrow passband filter of high selectivity and characterised by a significant group delay.

Heterogeneous systems including natural carbon matrices in the solid phase and aqueous solutions of low molecular weight organic compounds with positive and negative variations from ideality in the liquid phase are considered. The technical characterization of the considered supramolecular ensembles on the basis of brown coal of the Kara-Keche deposit (Kyrgyzstan), humic acids and humine extracted from it is given. Functional analysis of the samples was carried out using FTIR spectroscopy. The morphology of the surface of the considered carbon matrices has been investigated, in different points of which the local microelement composition has been established. An X-ray phase analysis of Kara-Keche brown coal and humic acids and humine extracted from it was carried out. The isothermal adsorption of bipolar molecules of glycine and urea, neutral D-glucose from aqueous solutions on solid carbon sorbents has been studied. An assumption has been made about the adsorption of low molecular weight organic compounds from aqueous solutions on humine and Kara-Keche coal in irregularities and pores of the carbon matrix of sorbents, for humic acids – on surface reaction centers. Due to its developed pore structure and resistance to acids and alkalis, humine from Kara-Keche coal is recommended for the purification of industrial wastewater from low molecular weight organic ecotoxicants.

From an ethical standpoint, combating corruption is crucial for promoting justice and equality. The rule of law and ethical governance involves clear standards of behavior for public servants and mechanisms for ensuring these standards are upheld. Corruption undermines public trust in government and democratic institutions and exacerbates social inequality and injustice (disproportionately affects the poor and marginalized groups, denying them access to essential services and opportunities). The fight against corruption during a full-scale war has ethical and purely pragmatic implications for Ukraine, the data of which formed the basis of this study. The lack of tangible progress in the fight against corruption in general, the lack of transparency of many institutional mechanisms in public administration, the revealed corruption schemes in the distribution of international military and humanitarian aid, as well as in the field of public defence procurement, the lack of punishment for corrupt officials in the highest echelons of power threaten the loyalty of international donors and allies, reduce Ukraine’s authority in the international arena, slows down Ukraine’s movement towards the EU, and significantly affects the decisions of foreign partners. The article demonstrates the results of forecasting the future level of corruption in Ukraine (for 2024‒2027) based on the retrospective dynamics of the Corruption Perceptions Index by Transparency International for 1998‒2023. Two economic and mathematical models are used for forecasting: Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), which better reflects long-term historical trends and fluctuations, and the exponential smoothing method, which is more sensitive to the latest values of the time series. The statistical analysis package STATISTICA was used for the calculations. The forecasting results are disappointing since both methods showed an expected decrease in the level of corruption in 2024-2027, but in critically low volumes: by 1 point according to the ARIMA model and by 3-4 points according to the exponential smoothing method. The results of this study can serve as a basis for public advocacy campaigns as an argument for the need to radically revise the existing format of anti-corruption policy in Ukraine given its European future.

Understanding kidney disease relies on defining the complexity of cell types and states, their associated molecular profiles and interactions within tissue neighbourhoods1. Here we applied multiple single-cell and single-nucleus assays (>400,000 nuclei or cells) and spatial imaging technologies to a broad spectrum of healthy reference kidneys (45 donors) and diseased kidneys (48 patients). This has provided a high-resolution cellular atlas of 51 main cell types, which include rare and previously undescribed cell populations. The multi-omic approach provides detailed transcriptomic profiles, regulatory factors and spatial localizations spanning the entire kidney. We also define 28 cellular states across nephron segments and interstitium that were altered in kidney injury, encompassing cycling, adaptive (successful or maladaptive repair), transitioning and degenerative states. Molecular signatures permitted the localization of these states within injury neighbourhoods using spatial transcriptomics, while large-scale 3D imaging analysis (around 1.2 million neighbourhoods) provided corresponding linkages to active immune responses. These analyses defined biological pathways that are relevant to injury time-course and niches, including signatures underlying epithelial repair that predicted maladaptive states associated with a decline in kidney function. This integrated multimodal spatial cell atlas of healthy and diseased human kidneys represents a comprehensive benchmark of cellular states, neighbourhoods, outcome-associated signatures and publicly available interactive visualizations.

У статті зроблено спробу визначити систему кримінальних правопорушень, що пов’язані з перетинанням державного кордону України незаконним способом та / або зі злочинною метою. Доведено, що кримінальні правопорушення, передбачені статтями 332, 332-1, 332-2, 333, 334 розділу XIV Особливої частини Кримінального кодексу України, посягають не просто на недоторканність державних кордонів України, а на прикордонну безпеку, яка є складовою національної безпеки України. Встановлено, в чому полягає відмінність між перетинанням державного кордону України, переміщенням товарів через державний кордон України та переправленням осіб через державний кордон України. На підставі такого порівняння визначено, що перетинання державного кордону України незаконним способом та/або зі злочинною метою характеризується фізичним переміщенням особи через державний кордон України без мети переміщення певного товару чи іншого предмету. Окрім того, на відміну від незаконного переправлення осіб через державний кордон України, перетинанню цього кордону в незаконний спосіб та/або зі злочинною метою властиве безпосереднє фізичне переміщення особи через державний кордон України, яке саме по собі є кримінально караним, якщо здійснюється в незаконний спосіб та/або зі злочинною метою, тоді як незаконне переправлення через державний кордон України характеризується такою властивістю, як опосередкованість, що має першорядне значення для кримінально-правового забезпечення прикордонної безпеки України. До системи кримінальних правопорушень, пов’язаних з перетинанням державного кордону України незаконним способом та/або зі злочинною метою, слід відносити фінансування тероризму у формі надання, збору чи зберігання будь-яких активів прямо чи опосередковано з метою їх використання або усвідомленням можливості того, що їх буде використано повністю або частково для будь-яких цілей окремим терористом чи терористичною групою (організацією) для перетинання державного кордону України з терористичною метою (ст. 258-5), перетинання державного кордону України з терористичною метою (для здійснення діяльності, яка відповідно до закону є терористичною) (ст. 258-6), незаконне перетинання державного кордону України (ст. 332-2), порушення правил міжнародних польотів (ст. 334) Кримінального кодексу України.

The management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains largely unresolved due to our limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the pathology and the challenges in accurately phenotyping this heterogeneous syndrome. A paradigm shift is required to personalise care and unify our approaches to HFpEF patients for future clinical trials. Accordingly, we propose a staging classification for HFpEF based on the identification of the involved cardiac chambers by echocardiography.

The work deals with the study of secondary-phase precipitation in binary and ternary zirconium-based alloys with extra-small content of doping within the framework of the phase-field approach. Developed phase-field model is applied to study β-phase precipitation in the model system of commercial Zr–Nb–Sn and Zr–Nb alloys at thermal treatment. An analysis of local rearrangement of doping and equilibrium vacancies during precipitation is provided. Kinetics of precipitation, size and distribution of the precipitates, concentration of the species in precipitates and matrix are studied. Mechanical response including the plastic deformations in precipitated solid is discussed. As shown, the yield-strength change increases during precipitation. Yield and ultimate strength are studied at different shear rates for the annealed alloy. Formation and growth of slip planes and dislocation loop–precipitate interaction governed by elastic-moduli difference is analysed. As shown, the emergence of dislocation loops around precipitates follows the Orowan’s mechanism. Modelling the radiation-induced precipitation during neutron irradiation of zirconium alloys with low content of doping is performed within the framework of the developed phase-field model by taking into account ballistic mixing and the dynamics of point defects with their sinks. As shown, in a sample initially containing precipitates of the secondary phase, irradiation results in the dissolution of precipitates at small doses and reprecipitation with dose accumulation. Analysis of precipitation dynamics and statistical distributions of precipitates with local rearrangement of non-equilibrium vacancies around precipitates at neutron irradiation is provided. As shown, the competition between the ballistic mixing and the thermodynamic force plays a major role in kinetics of radiation-induced precipitation and precipitates’ dissolution. The estimation of mechanical properties of Zr–Nb alloy during irradiation under reactor conditions is provided.

The article highlights the cognitive and linguistic aspects of Ukrainian humorous discourse during the full-scale Russian invasion, focusing on the process of interference of words of foreign origin. Particular attention is paid to lexemes and their reinterpretation through cognitive patterns, such as availability heuristics, negative thinking, the accessibility cascade, the friend-foe pattern, the effect of contrast and stereotypical expectations. The study reveals a variety of stylistic means of comism that are caused by the interference of words of foreign origin in humorous Ukrainian discourse. The main techniques are irony, allusion, comic innuendo, parallelism, paradox, hyperbole, baphos, gradation, metaphor, and rhetorical figures. These stylistic elements of humor play an important role in creating a comic effect and shaping a humorous statement in wartime. The determined communicative functions of Ukrainian humor fragments relate to maintaining an optimistic moral state, promoting the unanimity of the Ukrainian people in the difficult circumstances of the war, creating a negative image of the enemy, and relieving psychological stress that occurs in people during hostilities, air raids, and shelling. The sample has three American tokens, three English tokens, two German tokens, and one Turkish token, which is duplicated in two jokes. All of them are reinterpreted and receive additional meanings and connotations. Ukrainian humorous discourse during the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine is based on topics relevant to the country: political, military, cultural-historical, and social. The systematized use of borrowed words in modern jokes can be seen, and it concerns the current realities of Ukrainians. Humor itself is built on situational circumstances, military aspects, and their consequences for society. The interference of foreign-language lexemes leads to the acquisition of specific words and phrases with new and ambiguous lexical and semantic meanings. Most of the sample, which refers to the military aid of Western countries, interprets the borrowed words in a positive sense; the other part, which concerns Russian realities, gives the constructions negative comic and ironic-humorous meanings.

The article researches the functioning and implementing such a discipline as ‘Creative editing in publishing’ in bachelor’s and master’s programs of the USA, Great Britain, and Ukraine. The theory of creative editing in publishing goes beyond normative editing and proofreading. In spite of the lack of clear parameters, creative editing is taught at several universities in English-speaking countries, namely at the University of California, San Diego, and at the Institute of Continuing Education at the University of Cambridge, and has a number of features that characterize the theory of creative editing as a whole. Given that a discipline with this title has not yet been implemented in Ukrainian higher educational institutions, where journalism and publishing are studied, there is a need to examine ‘creative editing of literary and journalistic works’ and identify its characteristic features. In the English-speaking environment, creative editing, unlike normative editing, emphasizes the cooperation of an editor and an author for the sake of a better vision of all elements of the work: plot, images, characters, symbols, dialogues, chronotope, narrative, implicit meanings, etc. The editor can offer not only the improvement and proofreading of the form but also significant changes to the content of the work itself, including the additional use of some literary techniques, stylistic figures, or, on the contrary, their removal. Through the involvement of social networks, an editor can analyze the expectations of the audience and all feedback from the readers and advise an author to make additional changes in the following editions and sequels. At the same time, creative editing of literary works covers three components: development editing, linear editing, and literary editing.

The aim of this study was to study the effect of metformin (Met) on the formation of the conditional passive avoidance skills, markers of neurogenesis and oxidative stress in the brain of rats with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the setting of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in rats via the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA), ICH – by microinjection of bacterial collagenase into the striatum. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1 – intact animals (n=8), 2 – T2DM (n=9); 3 – T2DM+ICH (n=7); 4 – T2DM+ICH+Met (n=7). The passive avoidance test was used to evaluate behavioural activity. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and lactate were measured by spectrophotometry, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by quantitative fluorescence, level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histopathological examination was performed using general histological staining techniques and immunohistochemical methods for assessment of expression of endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS), Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP43), Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), neural cadherine (N-cadherine) and vascular endothelial cadherine (VE-cadherine). In this study, metformin had nootropic (anti-amnestic) activity and decreased oxidative stress markers (AGEs, AOPPs and 8-OHdG) levels by 29.1% (p

The purpose of the study is to increase the unit train load efficiency at the elevators having their shunting locomotives. The research is based on the analysis of time series, methods of organizing the operational work of railways, and methods of traction calculations. The paper considers the problem of organizing shunting work at elevators when loading grain unit trains. Critical wear and tear of shunting locomotives in railway transport of general use necessitates using their locomotives at the elevators. As a result of the research, the dependence of the duration of shunting and cargo operations on the number of cars in the unit train and on other factors was established. Various types of shunting locomotives were compared. Based on the analysis, it was established that it is advisable to use four-axle shunting diesel locomotives with hydraulic transmission for shunting work at the elevators. The traction force of such locomotives is sufficient to deliver empty cars to the elevator at a speed of 14–15 km/h. Loaded cars can be removed at a speed of 14–15 km/h with a slope of the connecting track up to 2–5 ‰. With greater slopes, the removal of loaded cars should be performed at a speed of 5 km/h. The main factor affecting the duration of shunting operations is the distance of delivery and removal of cars. Technologies for loading the grain unit trains at the elevators, providing for the presence of cars at the loading stations for two and three days, have also been developed. The main factor affecting the duration of unit train loading is the staff of locomotive assembly teams. The originality of the study is in obtaining the dependence between the parameters of the technical support of the elevators and the duration of the presence of cars in the connecting station – elevator’s siding system. The practical value of the paper is that its results can be used in the design of the reconstruction of existing and construction of new elevators, as well as in the estimation of costs associated with various loading technologies of the unit trains for the corresponding sidings.

This study investigates the processes and means of requirements engineering (RE) of software and complex information systems (SWS). The subject of this study is the instrumental means of SWS RE based on the methods of artificial (computational) intelligence (AI). The goal is to improve the accuracy and efficiency of CCD requirements development processes using AI tools by providing better communications between business teams and technical teams and automating complex requirements collection and documentation processes. The tasks are as follows: to analyze the principles and means of integrating AI tools into requirements engineering processes, the development and verification of which is a critical stage in the development of SWS; to determine the problems of using traditional SWS RE methods and perform their comparative analysis with AI-based methods; and to develop a chatbot architecture for requirements validation and identify characteristics of RE processes that are improved through its use. The results. The results of this study demonstrate that AI tools can significantly improve the accuracy, timeliness, and efficiency of requirements development processes and project team communication. An architecture and software solution for an intelligent chatbot for requirements validation is proposed, and the benefits and limitations of its application are discussed. Directions for further development and research regarding the end-to-end implementation of AI tools in IP processes have been developed.

The purpose of this article is to introduce Psychosemantics of Types of Military Stress of Combatants: we mean Chronic constant (or prolonged) stress and Acute situational stress of combatants with Post-traumatic stress disorder. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. The experimental method was the method of organizing empirical research. The results of the research. We proved, that combatants with Chronic constant (or prolonged) stress also observed variability in the occurrence and development of a painful emotional state, but, as a rule, at the first stage there was an accumulation of emotional tension, which, due to the interaction of certain personal characteristics and situational influences, did not find a response. We understood, that the main disorders of the servicemen’s mental activity are related to the experience that traumatizes the psyche and which is caused by military conditions, but their degree largely depends on the totality of the reaction to this factor of the entire unit. The collective reaction has a strong influence on the discipline and organization of military units. Conclusions. Therefore, it should be noted that Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders occur in a case of combatants as a delayed or protracted reaction to a Psycho-Traumatic Stress Event or a situation of an exclusively threatening or deadly nature (combat operations, watching the violent death of others, the role of a victim of torture, being in captivity, etc.). In its essence, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an appropriate reaction of a mind and a body to a powerful emotional stimuli of a stressful situation that occurred.

The purpose of this article is to study psychological characteristics and parents-children interpersonal relationships in the family with a child with intellectual disabilities. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. The empirical method is a pilot research. The results of the research. Such personal characteristics, as aggression, infantilism, shyness (the result of disrupted relationships between a child and his/her parents) can be attributed to three levels of parent-child interpersonal relationships: Level I – the relationships between parents and a child are characterized as passive-defensive ones, children are in a state of hidden conflict, there is no possibility of establishing emotional intimacy; Level II – there is adaptive atmosphere of emotional incontinence in the family. Children adopt this style and treat their parents in a “mirror” way – it is active-defensive style. Children are confident that their requests and desires will not be satisfied. Accusations are responded to them with aggression. They do not know how to restrain emotional reactions; their behavior is dominated by excitability, conflicts and aggressiveness; Level III – there are the same family characteristics as in the second level, but children are noted to have a weak nervous system. As a result, in response to sharp influences from the side of their parents, physiological disorders arise such reactions, as tic, enuresis, stuttering. Typically, such a child is characterized by obedience, but the possibility of outbursts of aggression towards peers cannot be ruled out. Conclusions. We showed, that the extreme variant of violations of the relationships between parents and children was “maternal deprivation”. This condition is characterized by severe psychological discomfort of the child, occurs in conditions of constant absence of the mother or severe rejection from the side of her attitude to a child. Both in theoretical and experimental studies which deal with the influence of the family situation on the formation of behavioral tendencies and personality traits of children, play the enormous role of the mother. So, in the situation of the absence of the mother or in the situation where the child saw her extremely rarely, the child felt emotional discomfort, cried more often, was stubborn and aggressive.

Предметом дослідження в статті є система комунікаційних мереж БпЛА (літальних мереж, ЛМ), що використовують технологію LiFi для передачі інформації від джерела до приймача в умовах фізичних перешкод і кіберзагроз, а також стратегії розгортання та забезпечення надійності (СРЗН) ЛМ. Мета роботи – розроблення критеріїв і алгоритмів вибору СРЗН ЛМ, що забезпечують необхідний рівень надійності та ефективності за умови заданих обмежень. У статті розв’язуються конкретні завдання: систематизація стратегій розгортання та забезпечення надійності літальної мережі; формулювання принципів і розроблення алгоритму вибору оптимальної стратегії розгортання та забезпечення надійності ЛМ; надання рекомендацій щодо вибору оптимальних стратегій розгортання та забезпечення надійності літальної мережі. Упроваджено такі методи: системний аналіз для вибору оптимальної стратегії розгортання та забезпечення надійності; теорія надійності та ефективності системи. Досягнуті результати: розширено класифікатор стратегій розгортання ЛМ завдяки додатковим ознакам ремонту й обслуговування, а також наявності кібератак; сформульовано критерії вибору стратегій розгортання та забезпечення надійності ЛМ; розроблено алгоритм вибору оптимальної стратегії розгортання та забезпечення надійності ЛМ; проаналізовано та наведено приклад застосування розроблених алгоритмів для ілюстрації покрокової процедури вибору стратегії, що супроводжується розрахунками показників надійності. Висновки: запропоновані множини, критерії та алгоритм вибору стратегій розгортання та забезпечення надійності комунікаційних мереж БпЛА дають змогу обґрунтувати сукупність параметрів і спланувати реалізацію оптимальної (за визначеним критерієм) політики впровадження автоматичної системи підтримки комунікацій на об’єктах критичної інфраструктури в умовах руйнувань та кібервпливів, а також підвищити ефективність (мінімізувати вартість) застосування літальних мереж.