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Over the past several decades, there has been an extreme increase in high temperatures across the global ocean, termed Marine Heatwaves (MHW). MHWs have devastating impacts on human life and ecological systems, affecting biodiversity, fisheries, and aquaculture. Due to extreme heat, mass extinctions of various species and marine habitats such as seagrass and coral reefs are occurring. It is crucial to investigate how the dynamics and trends of MHWs might change using available data from models and satellites to better mitigate future predicaments. This study presents a detailed analysis of MHWs, including an examination from 2001 to June 2024 in a low-lying country like Bangladesh. A step-by-step procedure is shown to calculate MHWs using a computer program (MATLAB). This study also shows a recent increasing trend in MHW, predicting an increased amount of land loss for low-lying countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Prevalence of mastitis and their antimicrobial resistance in Amtali (sub-district) area of Barguna District were studied. Mastitis was diagnosed by examining the udder and milk of 300 dairy cows. The bacteria were cultured and biochemical tests and antimicrobial profiling were done. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 5.0%, and cross-bred and local cows had 6.4% and 3.8%, respectively. The prevalence was higher in animals 7 - 8 years old (5.9%) and in cows of 3rd - 4th parity (8.8%). Cows with peri-parturient diseases and 1st - 2nd lactation had prevalence of 6.8% (P<0.05) and 5.7%, respectively. The prevalence in dry and wet seasons was 33.3% and 66.7% (P<0.10), respectively, and 53.3% of cows were affected with mastitis when the floor was wet and soiled. The prevalence was 73.3% (P<0.05) in unhygienic conditions. The prevalence of E. coli and S. aureus in mastitis milk samples was 73.3% and 66.7%, respectively. E. coli was sensitive to amoxicillin (36.4%), ampicillin (36.4%), tetracycline (54.6%), streptomycin and co-trimoxazole (81.8%), gentamicin & ceftriaxone (90.9%), cefuroxime and cefixime (100%). S. aureus was sensitive to co-trimoxazole (60%), tetracycline (70%), amoxicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin (80%), gentamicin, ceftriaxone (90%), cefuroxime and cefixime (100%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicates that exist naturally, and they are the most common mineral in sedimentary rocks. These minerals are called tectosilicates, and they have an open, three-dimensional structure with the cations required to maintain equilibrium of electrostatic charge between the aluminum framework and silicon tetrahedral units. Most common zeolites are chabazite, clinoptilolite, phillipsite, erionite, stilbite, heulandite, and mordenite. Zeolites are harmless for the environment and living things. Their multipurpose application in agriculture is mainly due to their high porosity, sorption-ion-exchange capability, and welldeveloped specific surface area. Applying zeolites directly to the soil improves its sorption capacity while simultaneously decreasing acidity and boosting nutrient uptake efficiency. Increased yields and less nutrient dispersion in the environment are achieved through better nitrogen utilization from fertilizers. This contributes to the closed-loop economy, the depletion of environmental resources, and the principles of sustainable development. Thus, zeolites have the potential to directly enhance agricultural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acorus calamus is a medicinal plant with several ethno-medicinal properties. The present study was carried to screen the presence of major phytochemical groups. Phytochemical screening of methanolic and ethanolic rhizome extract showed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, phenolic compound, protein, amino acid flavanoids and tannins. The total phenolic content in methanolic and ethanolic rhizome extracts in terms of gallic acid equivalent was 4.77.50 and 7.5 mg/g of extract powder respectively whereas the total flavonoid content of methanolic and ethanolic extract was 12.02 and 12.89 mg QE/g of extract respectively. Total antioxidant activity was found highest in ethanol extract (75.6 μg AAE/mg of extract) than methanol extract (37.2 μg AAE/mg of extract). Reducing power is also found highest in ethanol extract than methanol extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the biochemical parameters of household chickens at crop and blood levels and measure the body weight. For this purpose, 350 Deshi (local) and 27 Fayoumi day old chicks were reared in 2 separate brooders within a house for 15 days. Body weight, serum total protein and calcium levels of these chicks were evaluated on day 0 and 15. After control house trial, birds were distributed among the selected households. Again, body weights and certain biochemical parameters were assessed from randomly selected birds at 60, 120 and 180 days of age. Fayoumi birds gained higher weight (P

Native chickens (Gallus domesticus) of Bangladesh are scavenging in nature. Data regarding morphology of lymphoid organs in prenatal stages are lacking. H&E staining method was performed to study the development of the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen and cecal tonsil from embryonic day (ED) 10 to 20. The budding of thymus was seen on ED 10. At ED 12, fiber network of thymus was formed to create a basement of cells of thymus and on ED 14 these cells began to organize to form cortex and medulla. But the cortex and medulla of thymus could not be differentiated before ED 20. The plicae of bursa Fabricius started to develop on ED 10. From ED 12 the plicae became shorter and wider to form bursal follicles and these follicles were clearly organized into cortex and medulla on ED 20. At ED 10, very thin capsule was seen in embryonic spleen. During ED 12, only a few white pulps were observed, while on ED 14, purple colored white pulp and pinkish red pulp were easily visible. At ED 20, the thickness of capsule was increased and pulps were more distinguishable. All the lymphoid organs showed major development during the later incubation period, indicating that the immune system in that period is being prepared to face the scavenging environment after hatching.

People living in the char land area are considered the most disadvantaged group of people in Bangladesh. Considering the situation, a study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of increasing income of char dwellers by following profitable cropping pattern. The treatments were CP1 (Farmers' practice cropping pattern): Grass pea (BARI Khesari-1)-Jute (var. JRO 524)-T. Aman (var. Swarna) and CP2 (Altered cropping pattern): Maize (var. Hybrid 981)-Jute (var. JRO 524)-T. Aman (var. Binadhan-11). A randomized complete block design with six dispersed replications was followed in this experiment. It was observed that the altered cropping pattern (CP2) produced higher rice equivalent yield (avg. 25.47 t ha-1), production efficiency (78.61 kgha-1 day-1) and gross margin US$ 3056.58 ha-1 than those of the farmer's practice cropping pattern (CP1) rice equivalent yield (12.97 t ha-1), production efficiency (40.40 kgha-1 day-1) and gross margin (Tk. 79,950 ha-1). Gross margin increased by 206% in altered cropping pattern compared with the existing cropping pattern, revealing that rabi crop based cropping pattern including flood damage escaping rice varieties {Maize (var. Hybrid 981)-Jute (var. JRO 524)-T. Aman (var. Binadhan-11)} is appropriate for getting higher productivity and profitability by the poor char dwellers of Jamalpur district in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive radio network (CRN) is considered to be the future technology for the fifth generation of cellular wireless standards (5G). CRN is based on a complex spectrum allocation system, and licensed primary users (PUs) or unlicensed secondary users (SUs) are allowed to share the spectrum, provided that they do not cause significant interference. In cognitive radio, it is important to control the transmission power of SUs so that the interference should not be harmful to the quality of service of PUs. In this paper, the authors addressed the impact of system imperfections on the overall performance of multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA)-based CRN system. A new expression of the signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) for MC-CDMA-based CRN system over a Rayleigh fading channel without any power control condition among the PUs and SUs is derived and investigated. The performance of MC-CDMA-based CRN system over the frequency selective multi-path fading channel is examined by varying the number of users, the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) per bit, number of fading path and number of subcarriers, respectively. From the simulation results, we have seen that the SINR performance is affected by these parameters. The analysis presented in this paper shows the impact of lack of a controlling mechanism on transmitted signal power affecting the between PUs and SUs ultimately system performance. The result of the analysis will provide relevant information to design the physical layer protocol for high speed CRN system for 5G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]