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2. Composition, Structure and Origin of the Moon

Author

Sossi, Paolo A., Nakajima, Miki, and Khan, Amir

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

Here we critically examine the geophysical and geochemical properties of the Moon in order to identify the extent to which dynamical scenarios satisfy these observations. New joint inversions of existing lunar geophysical data (mean mass, moment of inertia, and tidal response) assuming a laterally- and vertically homogeneous lunar mantle show that, in all cases, a core with a radius of 300$\pm$20 km ($\sim$0.8 to 1.5 % the mass of the Moon) is required. However, an Earth-like Mg# (0.89) in the lunar mantle results in core densities (7800$\pm$100 kg/m$^3$) consistent with that of Fe-Ni alloy, whereas FeO-rich compositions (Mg# = 0.80--0.84) require lower densities (6100$\pm$800 kg/m$^3$). Geochemically, we use new data on mare basalts to reassess the bulk composition of the Moon for 70 elements, and show that the lunar core likely formed near 5 GPa, 2100 K and $\sim$1 log unit below the iron-w\"ustite buffer. Moreover, the Moon is depleted relative to the Earth's mantle in elements with volatilities higher than that of Li, with this volatile loss likely having occurred at low temperatures (1400$\pm$100 K), consistent with mass-dependent stable isotope fractionation of moderately volatile elements (e.g., Zn, K, Rb). The identical nucleosynthetic (O, Cr, Ti) and radiogenic (W) isotope compositions of the lunar and terrestrial mantles, strongly suggest the two bodies were made from the same material, rather than from an Earth-like impactor. Rb-Sr in FANs and Lu-Hf and Pb-Pb zircon ages point Moon formation close to $\sim$4500 Ma. Taken together, there is no unambiguous geochemical or isotopic evidence for the role of an impactor in the formation of the Moon, implying perfect equilibration between the proto-Earth and Moon-forming material or alternative scenarios for its genesis., Comment: 62 pages, 23 figures, 5 tables. Treatise of Geochemistry, vol. 3, in press

Published
2024

3. Donor Perceptions and Preferences of Telemedicine and In-Person Visits for Living Kidney Donor Evaluation.

Author

Kim, Ellie, Sung, Hannah, Kaplow, Katya, Bendersky, Victoria, Sidoti, Carolyn, Muzaale, Abimereki, Akhtar, Jasmine, Levan, Macey, Esayed, Suad, Khan, Amir, Mejia, Christina, and Al Ammary, Fawaz

Subjects
attitudes, delivery of health care, kidney transplantation, living donors, nephrectomy, telehealth
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Living kidney donor evaluation is a lengthy and complex process requiring in-person visits. Access to transplant centers, travel costs, lost wages, and dependent care arrangements are barriers to willing donors initiating evaluation. Telemedicine can help streamline and epedite the evaluation process. We aimed to deeply understand donor experiences and preferences using hybrid telemedicine video/in-person visits to ease access to donor evaluation or counseling. METHODS: We conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with donors or donor candidates who completed their evaluation through telemedicine/in-person, or in-person only visits at a tertiary transplant center between November 27, 2019 and March 1, 2021. Enrollment continued until data saturation was reached (interviews with 20 participants) when no new information emerged from additional interviews. Transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Eight themes were identified as follows: (i) reducing financial and logistical burdens (minimizing travel time and travel-related expenses), (ii) enhancing flexibility with scheduling (less time off work and child or family caregiver arrangements), (iii) importance of a walkthrough and establishing shared understanding, (iv) supporting information with technology and visual aids, (v) key role of the coordinator, (vi) preferred visit by provider role (meeting donor surgeon in-person to create rapport and engaging primary care provider in donor evaluation/follow-up), (vii) comparing modality differences in human connection, and (viii) opportunity for family and support network engagement (allowing loved ones to be involved in telemedicine visits irrespective of geographic locations and pandemic restrictions). CONCLUSION: Telemedicine/in-person hybrid model can make donor evaluation more accessible and convenient. Our findings help inform about determinants that influence the adoption of telemedicine to initiate donor evaluation to motivate willing donors. In addition, our results call for policy and legislation that support telemedicine services for living donor kidney transplantation across states.

Published
2024

4. Raising the Digital Profile of Facial Palsy: National Surveys of Patients’ and Clinicians’ Experiences of Changing UK Treatment Pathways and Views on the Future Role of Digital Technology

Author

Szczepura, Ala, Holliday, Nikki, Neville, Catriona, Johnson, Karen, Khan, Amir Jahan Khan, Oxford, Samuel W, and Nduka, Charles

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundFacial nerve palsy leaves people unable to move muscles on the affected side of their face. Challenges exist in patients accessing facial neuromuscular retraining (NMR), a therapy used to strengthen muscle and improve nerve function. Access to therapy could potentially be improved through the use of digital technology. However, there is limited research available on patients’ and clinicians’ views about the potential benefits of such telerehabilitation based on their lived experiences of treatment pathways. ObjectiveThis study aims to gather information about facial palsy treatment pathways in the United Kingdom, barriers to accessing NMR, factors influencing patient adherence, measures used to monitor recovery, and the potential value of emerging wearable digital technology. MethodsSeparate surveys of patients with facial palsy and facial therapy specialists were conducted. Questionnaires explored treatment pathways and views on telerehabilitation, were co-designed with users, and followed a similar format to enable cross-referencing of responses. A follow-up survey of national specialists investigated methods used to monitor recovery in greater detail. Analysis of quantitative data was conducted allowing for data distribution. Open-text responses were analyzed using thematic content analysis. ResultsA total of 216 patients with facial palsy and 25 specialist therapists completed the national surveys. Significant variations were observed in individual treatment pathways. Patients reported an average of 3.27 (SD 1.60) different treatments provided by various specialists, but multidisciplinary team reviews were rare. For patients diagnosed most recently, there was evidence of more rapid initial prescribing of corticosteroids (prednisolone) and earlier referral for NMR therapy. Barriers to NMR referral included difficulties accessing funding, shortage of specialist therapists, and limited awareness of NMR among general practitioners. Patients traveled long distances to reach an NMR specialist center; 9% (8/93) of adults reported traveling ≥115 miles. The thematic content analysis demonstrates positive attitudes to the introduction of digital technology, with similar incentives and barriers identified by both patients and clinicians. The follow-up survey of 28 specialists uncovered variations in the measures currently used to monitor recovery and no agreed definitions of a clinically significant change for any of these. The main barriers to NMR adherence identified by patients and therapists could all be addressed by using suitable real-time digital technology. ConclusionsThe study findings provide valuable information on facial palsy treatment pathways and views on the future introduction of digital technology. Possible ways in which emerging sensor-based digital technology can improve rehabilitation and provide more rigorous evidence on effectiveness are described. It is suggested that one legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic will be lower organizational barriers to this introduction of digital technology to assist NMR delivery, especially if cost-effectiveness can be demonstrated.

Published
2020
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11. Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm elongation occurs in parallel with dilatation in a nonsurgical population

Author

Gulati, Arushi, Zamirpour, Siavash, Leach, Joseph, Khan, Amir, Wang, Zhongjie, Xuan, Yue, Hope, Michael D, Saloner, David A, Guccione, Julius M, Ge, Liang, and Tseng, Elaine E

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular, Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Research, Humans, Dilatation, Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic, Aorta, Thoracic, Aorta, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Dilatation, Pathologic, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Aortography, Aortic aneurysms, Type A dissection, Aortic elongation, Aortic diameter, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Respiratory System, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract

ObjectivesRapid diameter growth is a criterion for ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm repair; however, there are sparse data on aneurysm elongation rate. The purpose of this study was to assess aortic elongation rates in nonsyndromic, nonsurgical aneurysms to understand length dynamics and correlate with aortic diameter over time.MethodsPatients with

Published
2023

12. First observations of core-transiting seismic phases on Mars

Author

Irving, Jessica CE, Lekić, Vedran, Durán, Cecilia, Drilleau, Mélanie, Kim, Doyeon, Rivoldini, Attilio, Khan, Amir, Samuel, Henri, Antonangeli, Daniele, Banerdt, William Bruce, Beghein, Caroline, Bozdağ, Ebru, Ceylan, Savas, Charalambous, Constantinos, Clinton, John, Davis, Paul, Garcia, Raphaël, Giardini, Domenico, Horleston, Anna Catherine, Huang, Quancheng, Hurst, Kenneth J, Kawamura, Taichi, King, Scott D, Knapmeyer, Martin, Li, Jiaqi, Lognonné, Philippe, Maguire, Ross, Panning, Mark P, Plesa, Ana-Catalina, Schimmel, Martin, Schmerr, Nicholas C, Stähler, Simon C, Stutzmann, Eleonore, and Xu, Zongbo

Subjects
Mars, core evolution, planetary structure
Abstract

We present the first observations of seismic waves propagating through the core of Mars. These observations, made using seismic data collected by the InSight geophysical mission, have allowed us to construct the first seismically constrained models for the elastic properties of Mars' core. We observe core-transiting seismic phase SKS from two farside seismic events detected on Mars and measure the travel times of SKS relative to mantle traversing body waves. SKS travels through the core as a compressional wave, providing information about bulk modulus and density. We perform probabilistic inversions using the core-sensitive relative travel times together with gross geophysical data and travel times from other, more proximal, seismic events to seek the equation of state parameters that best describe the liquid iron-alloy core. Our inversions provide constraints on the velocities in Mars' core and are used to develop the first seismically based estimates of its composition. We show that models informed by our SKS data favor a somewhat smaller (median core radius = 1,780 to 1,810 km) and denser (core density = 6.2 to 6.3 g/cm3) core compared to previous estimates, with a P-wave velocity of 4.9 to 5.0 km/s at the core-mantle boundary, with the composition and structure of the mantle as a dominant source of uncertainty. We infer from our models that Mars' core contains a median of 20 to 22 wt% light alloying elements when we consider sulfur, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. These data can be used to inform models of planetary accretion, composition, and evolution.

Published
2023

13. Extra dimensions with light and heavy neutral leptons: An application to CE$\nu$NS

Author

Khan, Amir N.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We explore the possibility of relating extra dimensions with light and heavy Dirac-type neutral leptons and develop a framework for testing them in various laboratory experiments. The Kaluza-Klein modes in the large extra dimension models of the light neutral leptons could mix with the standard model neutrinos and produce observable effects in the oscillation experiments. We show that the chirality flipping up-scattering processes occurring through either neutrino magnetic dipole moment or the weakly coupled scalar interactions can also produce heavy Kaluza-Klein modes of the corresponding right-handed neutral leptons propagating in one or more extra dimensions. However, to conserve the four-dimensional energy-momentum, their masses must be below the maximum energy of the neutrinos in the initial state. The appreciable size of extra dimensions connected with these heavy neutral leptons can thus affect the cross-sections of these processes. This framework applies to any up-scattering process. Our work here focuses only on its application to the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering process. We derive constraints on the size of extra dimensions using the COHERENT data in oscillation and up-scattering processes. For model with one large extra dimension for the light neutral leptons, we obtain the limits, $R \sim 3 \ \mu$m (NH) and $R \sim 2.5 \ \mu$m (IH), on the size of extra dimension corresponding to the absolute mass limit, $m_{0} \leq 3 \times 10^{-3}$ eV at 90$\%$ C.L. from the short-baseline oscillations. Using the up-scattering process for heavy neutral leptons, we obtain new parameter spaces between the size of extra dimensions and parameters of the dipole or scalar interactions., Comment: 30 pages, 6 figures

Published
2022
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14. Light new physics and neutrino electromagnetic interactions in XENONnT

Author

Khan, Amir N.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We derive new limits on the neutrino electromagnetic interactions and weakly coupled light vector and scalar mediators using the recent XENONnT data of the solar neutrino-electron elastic scattering. XENONnT has already reported the world's best constraint on the flavor-independent effective neutrino magnetic moment with almost twice the exposure and improved systematics. We extend this analysis and derive constraints on all the possible electromagnetic interactions and flavor universal light gauge boson couplings and masses, which could contribute to the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process. We consider both flavor-independent and flavor-dependent interactions of the neutrino magnetic moments, millicharges, charge radii, and anapole moments for the electromagnetic interactions. The new limits on the magnetic moment, millicharge, vector, and scalar interactions are improved by about one order of magnitude. At the same time, there is relatively weaker improvement in the case of neutrino charge radii and anapole moments., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables; Published Physics Letters B

Published
2022
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17. Tidal insights into rocky and icy bodies: An introduction and overview

Author

Bagheri, Amirhossein, Efroimsky, Michael, Castillo-Rogez, Julie, Goossens, Sander, Plesa, Ana-Catalina, Rambaux, Nicolas, Rhoden, Alyssa, Walterová, Michaela, Khan, Amir, and Giardini, Domenico

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Solid body tides provide key information on the interior structure, evolution, and origin of the planetary bodies. Our Solar system harbours a very diverse population of planetary bodies, including those composed of rock, ice, gas, or a mixture of all. While a rich arsenal of geophysical methods has been developed over several years to infer knowledge about the interior of the Earth, the inventory of tools to investigate the interiors of other Solar-system bodies remains limited. With seismic data only available for the Earth, the Moon, and Mars, geodetic measurements, including the observation of the tidal response, have become especially valuable and therefore, has played an important role in understanding the interior and history of several Solar system bodies. To use tidal response measurements as a means to obtain constraints on the interior structure of planetary bodies, appropriate understanding of the viscoelastic reaction of the materials from which the planets are formed is needed. Here, we review the fundamental aspects of the tidal modeling and the information on the present-day interior properties and evolution of several planets and moons based on studying their tidal response. We begin with an outline of the theory of viscoelasticity and tidal response. Next, we proceed by discussing the information on the tidal response and the inferred structure of Mercury, Venus, Mars and its moons, the Moon, and the largest satellites of giant planets, obtained from the analysis of the data that has been provided by space missions. We also summarise the upcoming possibilities offered by the currently planned missions.

Published
2022
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18. Handwashing Results in Incomplete Nicotine Removal from Fingers of Individuals who Smoke: A Randomized Controlled Experiment

Author

Northrup, Thomas F, Stotts, Angela L, Suchting, Robert, Khan, Amir M, Klawans, Michelle R, Green, Charles, Hoh, Eunha, Hovell, Melbourne F, Matt, Georg E, and Quintana, Penelope JE

Subjects
Paediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Tobacco, Lung, Pediatric, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Nicotine, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Hand Disinfection, Cross-Sectional Studies, Smoking, Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive medicine, Midwifery
Abstract

ObjectiveTobacco residue, also known as third-hand smoke (THS), contains toxicants and lingers in dust and on surfaces and clothes. THS also remains on hands of individuals who smoke, with potential transfer to infants during visitation while infants are hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), raising concerns (e.g., hindered respiratory development) for vulnerable infants. Previously unexplored, this study tested handwashing (HW) and sanitization efficacy for finger-nicotine removal in a sample of adults who smoked and were visiting infants in an NICU.Study designA cross-sectional sample was recruited to complete an interview, carbon monoxide breath samples, and three nicotine wipes of separate fingers (thumb, index, and middle). Eligible participants (n = 14) reported current smoking (verified with breath samples) and were randomly assigned to 30 seconds of HW (n = 7) or alcohol-based sanitization (n = 7), with the order of finger wipes both counterbalanced and randomly assigned. After randomization, the first finger was wiped for nicotine. Participants then washed or sanitized their hands and finger two was wiped 5 minutes later. An interview assessing tobacco/nicotine use and exposure was then administered, followed by a second breath sample and the final finger wipe (40-60 minutes after washing/sanitizing).ResultsGeneralized linear mixed models found that HW was more effective than sanitizer for nicotine removal but failed to completely remove nicotine.ConclusionsWithout proper protections (e.g., wearing gloves and gowns), NICU visitors who smoke may inadvertently expose infants to THS. Research on cleaning protocols are needed to protect vulnerable medical populations from THS and associated risks.Key points· NICU infants may be exposed to THS via visitors.. · THS is not eliminated by HW or sanitizing.. · THS removal protections for NICU infants are needed..

Published
2022

19. $\sin^2\theta_W$ and neutrino electromagnetic interactions in CE$\bar{\nu}_e$NS with different quenching factors

Author

Khan, Amir N.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Recently, evidence for the observation of about 2 keV and below nuclear recoils from the coherent scattering of reactor anti-neutrinos off the germanium nuclei has been reported. We analyze the observed data to estimate the value of the weak mixing angle and constrain the neutrino millicharge, magnetic moment, charge radius and anapole moment contributing to the coherent scattering process. Currently, there is no definite model available for the quenching factor at such low energies. To this end, we consider various models of the quenching factor and show how it affects the interpretation of the obtained results. We find that the bounds obtained are stronger in some cases while comparable or weaker in other cases which show a strong dependence on the choice and accuracy of a particular quenching factor model. The results are the first at such low-energy nuclear recoils. We present an exhaustive list of analytical functions for the different quenching factors corresponding to the existing models and to the data from various experiments. Such functions will be useful for any new physics study using the nuclear recoils due to the reactor neutrinos., Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures and 1 table; More quenching factor models were added; Analysis extended

Published
2022

20. Neutrino millicharge and other electromagnetic interactions with COHERENT-2021 data

Author

Khan, Amir N.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We analyze new data from the COHERENT experiment of the coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering to investigate the electromagnetic interactions of neutrinos. With almost double the statistics and precision now, the statistical significance of the observed process has now enhanced to 11.6$\sigma$. We derive constraints on the electromagnetic properties of neutrinos using the new COHERENT data. The constraints improve by more than a factor of two compared to the previous bounds. Furthermore, we discuss the unique behavior of the neutrino millicharge at lower energy recoils and show its unique dependence on its interference with the standard model contribution, inverse power of recoil energy and the mass of the target particle in comparison to the other interactions., Comment: 15 pages; 5 figures; Background was missing in the first version which has been corrected now; 1 table; Published in Nuclear Physics B

Published
2022
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22. Hybrid Method for Simulation of a Fractional COVID-19 Model with Real Case Application

Author

Din, Anwarud, Khan, Amir, Zeb, Anwar, Ammi, Moulay Rchid Sidi, Tilioua, Mouhcine, and Torres, Delfim F. M.

Subjects
Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, 34C60, 26A33, 92D30
Abstract

In this research, we provide a mathematical analysis for the novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, which continues to be a big source of threat for humanity. Our fractional-order analysis is carried out using a non-singular kernel type operator known as the Atangana--Baleanu--Caputo (ABC) derivative. We parametrize the model adopting available information of the disease from Pakistan in the period 9th April to 2nd June 2020. We obtain the required solution with the help of a hybrid method, which is a combination of the decomposition method and the Laplace transform. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the parameters that are more sensitive to the basic reproduction number of the model. Our results are compared with the real data of Pakistan and numerical plots are presented at various fractional orders., Comment: Final form is published Open Access in 'Axioms' [https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms10040290]. Submitted 1-Aug-2021; Revised 27-Aug and 22-Sept-2021; Accepted 28-Oct-2021; Published 1-Nov-2021. Citation: A. Din, A. Khan, A. Zeb, M.R. Sidi Ammi, M. Tilioua and D.F.M. Torres, Hybrid method for simulation of a fractional COVID-19 model with real case application, Axioms 10 (2021), no. 4, Art. 290, 17pp

Published
2021
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23. The Tidal-Thermal Evolution of the Pluto-Charon System

Author

Bagheri, Amirhossein, Khan, Amir, Deschamps, Frederic, Samuel, Henri, Kruglyakov, Mikhail, and Giardini, Domenico

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

Existence of subsurface oceans on the satellites of the giant planets and Trans-Neptunian objects has been predicted for some time. Oceans on icy worlds exert a considerable influence on the dynamics of the ice-ocean system and, because of the astrobiological potential, represent an important objective for future missions. The Pluto-Charon system is representative of an icy moon orbiting a dwarf planet formed from the remnants of a giant impact. Evolution of icy moons is primarily controlled by the mode and efficiency of heat transfer through the outer ice shell, which is influenced by the presence of impurities, by tidal dissipation in the ice shell, and the radioactive element budget in the core. Previous studies on the evolution of the Pluto-Charon system considered either only the thermal or the tidal evolution, and in the cases where both were considered, the important effect of the presence of impurities in the liquid oceans was not addressed. We consider the joint tidal-thermal evolution of the system by combining a comprehensive tidal model that incorporates a viscoelastic tidal response with a parameterized convection model developed for icy worlds. This approach enables an extensive analysis of the conditions required for formation and maintenance of subsurface liquid oceans to the present. Our results show that because of fast circularization and synchronization of the orbits, tidal heating is only important during the early stages of evolution (<1 Myr). We test the sensitivity of our results to the initial orbital and thermal parameters. In all the cases, oceans on Pluto are always predicted to remain liquid to the present, ranging from 40 km to 150-km thick, whereas oceans on Charon have solidified. This is supported by New Horizons observations of extensional faults on Pluto and both extensional and compressional faults on Charon.

Published
2021
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25. IJCM_25A: Effect of one-to-one counselling of mothers attending an immunization clinic on breastfeeding among infants- A Randomised Controlled Trial

Author

Maiti Urmimala, Maroof Khan Amir, Bhasin S K, and Shah Dheeraj

Subjects
breastfeeding, counselling, randomised controlled trial, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Background: To improve breastfeeding practices, many interventions have been studied at various critical contact points. Our study aimed to improve exclusive breastfeeding by integrating a limited number of counselling sessions with routine immunization visits. Objective: To find out the effect of one-to-one counselling on six months of exclusive breastfeeding among infants attending immunization clinic. Methodology: An open-labelled, randomised controlled trial was conducted from September 2022 in the Immunization clinic at the Urban Health Training Centre of Dept of Community Medicine, UCMS, at Ghazipur, New Delhi. Mother-Child dyads visiting the clinic (child between 1 ½ to 3 ½ months) were recruited for the study based on certain appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria. One-to-one counselling on breastfeeding and complementary feeding were provided, respectively, in the first visit (at the time of Pentavalent 1 or 2 vaccination,) and the second visit (at the time of Pentavalent 3 vaccination) to the intervention group. The control group received routine care. In the follow-up visit at 9 months for measles vaccination, a final assessment was done for both the groups. Analysis was done based on Intention to treat and per protocol approaches. Results: 92 Mother-child dyads were recruited in the study, of which 46 were randomized each in the intervention and control group. 6 were lost to follow-up on the second visit and 13 on the third (follow-up) visit. At the first visit, 56.5% of the mothers in the intervention group and 63% of mothers in the control group were exclusively breastfeeding. The proportion of mothers who exclusively breastfed their infant till six months of age were 65.2% in the intervention and 39.1% in the control group with an OR of 2.92(1.25, 6.81). Conclusion: One-to-one counselling at an immunization clinic has an effect on increasing rates of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months.

Published
2024
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30. CP-Violating and Charged Current Neutrino Non-standard Interactions in CE$\nu$NS

Author

Khan, Amir N., McKay, Douglas W., and Rodejohann, Werner

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Neutrino non-standard interactions (NSI) can be constrained using coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. We discuss here two aspects in this respect, namely the effects of (i) charged current NSI in neutrino production and (ii) CP-violating phases associated with neutral current NSI in neutrino detection. Effects of CP-phases require the simultaneous presence of two different flavor-changing neutral current NSI parameters. Applying these two scenarios to the COHERENT measurement, we derive limits on charged current NSI and find that more data is required to compete with the existing limits. Regarding CP-phases, we show how the limits on the NSI parameters depend dramatically on the values of the phases. Accidentally, the same parameters influencing coherent scattering also show up in neutrino oscillation experiments. We find that COHERENT provides complementary constraints on the set of NSI parameters that can explain the discrepancy in the best-fit value of the standard CP-phase obtained by T2K and NO$\nu$A, while the significance with which the LMA-Dark solution is ruled out can be weakened by the presence of additional NSI parameters introduced here., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure, 1 table; Figure 3 was corrected for other experiments in V2

Published
2021
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35. Calibration Strategy of the JUNO Experiment

Author

JUNO collaboration, Abusleme, Angel, Adam, Thomas, Ahmad, Shakeel, Ahmed, Rizwan, Aiello, Sebastiano, Akram, Muhammad, An, Fengpeng, An, Guangpeng, An, Qi, Andronico, Giuseppe, Anfimov, Nikolay, Antonelli, Vito, Antoshkina, Tatiana, Asavapibhop, Burin, de André, João Pedro Athayde Marcondes, Auguste, Didier, Babic, Andrej, Baldini, Wander, Barresi, Andrea, Baussan, Eric, Bellato, Marco, Bergnoli, Antonio, Bernieri, Enrico, Birkenfeld, Thilo, Blin, Sylvie, Blum, David, Blyth, Simon, Bolshakova, Anastasia, Bongrand, Mathieu, Bordereau, Clément, Breton, Dominique, Brigatti, Augusto, Brugnera, Riccardo, Bruno, Riccardo, Budano, Antonio, Buscemi, Mario, Busto, Jose, Butorov, Ilya, Cabrera, Anatael, Cai, Hao, Cai, Xiao, Cai, Yanke, Cai, Zhiyan, Cammi, Antonio, Campeny, Agustin, Cao, Chuanya, Cao, Guofu, Cao, Jun, Caruso, Rossella, Cerna, Cédric, Chang, Jinfan, Chang, Yun, Chen, Pingping, Chen, Po-An, Chen, Shaomin, Chen, Shenjian, Chen, Xurong, Chen, Yi-Wen, Chen, Yixue, Chen, Yu, Chen, Zhang, Cheng, Jie, Cheng, Yaping, Chiesa, Davide, Chimenti, Pietro, Chukanov, Artem, Chuvashova, Anna, Claverie, Gérard, Clementi, Catia, Clerbaux, Barbara, Di Lorenzo, Selma Conforti, Corti, Daniele, Costa, Salvatore, Corso, Flavio Dal, Dalager, Olivia, De La Taille, Christophe, Deng, Jiawei, Deng, Zhi, Deng, Ziyan, Depnering, Wilfried, Diaz, Marco, Ding, Xuefeng, Ding, Yayun, Dirgantara, Bayu, Dmitrievsky, Sergey, Dohnal, Tadeas, Donchenko, Georgy, Dong, Jianmeng, Dornic, Damien, Doroshkevich, Evgeny, Dracos, Marcos, Druillole, Frédéric, Du, Shuxian, Dusini, Stefano, Dvorak, Martin, Enqvist, Timo, Enzmann, Heike, Fabbri, Andrea, Fajt, Lukas, Fan, Donghua, Fan, Lei, Fang, Can, Fang, Jian, Fargetta, Marco, Fatkina, Anna, Fedoseev, Dmitry, Fekete, Vladko, Feng, Li-Cheng, Feng, Qichun, Ford, Richard, Formozov, Andrey, Fournier, Amélie, Gan, Haonan, Gao, Feng, Garfagnini, Alberto, Göttel, Alexandre, Genster, Christoph, Giammarchi, Marco, Giaz, Agnese, Giudice, Nunzio, Giuliani, Franco, Gonchar, Maxim, Gong, Guanghua, Gong, Hui, Gorchakov, Oleg, Gornushkin, Yuri, Grassi, Marco, Grewing, Christian, Gromov, Vasily, Gu, Minghao, Gu, Xiaofei, Gu, Yu, Guan, Mengyun, Guardone, Nunzio, Gul, Maria, Guo, Cong, Guo, Jingyuan, Guo, Wanlei, Guo, Xinheng, Guo, Yuhang, Hackspacher, Paul, Hagner, Caren, Han, Ran, Han, Yang, Hassan, Muhammad, He, Miao, He, Wei, Heinz, Tobias, Hellmuth, Patrick, Heng, Yuekun, Herrera, Rafael, Hong, Daojin, Hor, YuenKeung, Hou, Shaojing, Hsiung, Yee, Hu, Bei-Zhen, Hu, Hang, Hu, Jianrun, Hu, Jun, Hu, Shouyang, Hu, Tao, Hu, Zhuojun, Huang, Chunhao, Huang, Guihong, Huang, Hanxiong, Huang, Qinhua, Huang, Wenhao, Huang, Xingtao, Huang, Yongbo, Hui, Jiaqi, Huo, Lei, Huo, Wenju, Huss, Cédric, Hussain, Safeer, Insolia, Antonio, Ioannisian, Ara, Isocrate, Roberto, Jelmini, Beatrice, Jen, Kuo-Lun, Ji, Xiaolu, Ji, Xingzhao, Jia, Huihui, Jia, Junji, Jian, Siyu, Jiang, Di, Jiang, Xiaoshan, Jin, Ruyi, Jing, Xiaoping, Jollet, Cécile, Joutsenvaara, Jari, Jungthawan, Sirichok, Kalousis, Leonidas, Kampmann, Philipp, Kang, Li, Karagounis, Michael, Kazarian, Narine, Khan, Amir, Khan, Waseem, Khosonthongkee, Khanchai, Kinz, Patrick, Korablev, Denis, Kouzakov, Konstantin, Krasnoperov, Alexey, Krokhaleva, Svetlana, Krumshteyn, Zinovy, Kruth, Andre, Kutovskiy, Nikolay, Kuusiniemi, Pasi, Lachenmaier, Tobias, Landini, Cecilia, Leblanc, Sébastien, Lebrin, Victor, Lefevre, Frederic, Lei, Ruiting, Leitner, Rupert, Leung, Jason, Li, Demin, Li, Fei, Li, Fule, Li, Haitao, Li, Huiling, Li, Jiaqi, Li, Jin, Li, Kaijie, Li, Mengzhao, Li, Nan, Li, Qingjiang, Li, Ruhui, Li, Shanfeng, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Li, Weidong, Li, Weiguo, Li, Xiaomei, Li, Xiaonan, Li, Xinglong, Li, Yi, Li, Yufeng, Li, Zhibing, Li, Ziyuan, Liang, Hao, Liang, Jingjing, Liebau, Daniel, Limphirat, Ayut, Limpijumnong, Sukit, Lin, Guey-Lin, Lin, Shengxin, Lin, Tao, Ling, Jiajie, Lippi, Ivano, Liu, Fang, Liu, Haidong, Liu, Hongbang, Liu, Hongjuan, Liu, Hongtao, Liu, Hu, Liu, Hui, Liu, Jianglai, Liu, Jinchang, Liu, Min, Liu, Qian, Liu, Qin, Liu, Runxuan, Liu, Shuangyu, Liu, Shubin, Liu, Shulin, Liu, Xiaowei, Liu, Yan, Lokhov, Alexey, Lombardi, Paolo, Lombardo, Claudio, Loo, Kai, Lu, Chuan, Lu, Haoqi, Lu, Jingbin, Lu, Junguang, Lu, Shuxiang, Lu, Xiaoxu, Lubsandorzhiev, Bayarto, Lubsandorzhiev, Sultim, Ludhova, Livia, Luo, Fengjiao, Luo, Guang, Luo, Pengwei, Luo, Shu, Luo, Wuming, Lyashuk, Vladimir, Ma, Qiumei, Ma, Si, Ma, Xiaoyan, Ma, Xubo, Maalmi, Jihane, Malyshkin, Yury, Mantovani, Fabio, Manzali, Francesco, Mao, Xin, Mao, Yajun, Mari, Stefano M., Marini, Filippo, Marium, Sadia, Martellini, Cristina, Martin-Chassard, Gisele, Martini, Agnese, Mayilyan, Davit, Müller, Axel, Mednieks, Ints, Meng, Yue, Meregaglia, Anselmo, Meroni, Emanuela, Meyhöfer, David, Mezzetto, Mauro, Miller, Jonathan, Miramonti, Lino, Monforte, Salvatore, Montini, Paolo, Montuschi, Michele, Morozov, Nikolay, Muhammad, Waqas, Muralidharan, Pavithra, Nastasi, Massimiliano, Naumov, Dmitry V., Naumova, Elena, Nemchenok, Igor, Ning, Feipeng, Ning, Zhe, Nunokawa, Hiroshi, Oberauer, Lothar, Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro, Olshevskiy, Alexander, Orestano, Domizia, Ortica, Fausto, Pan, Hsiao-Ru, Paoloni, Alessandro, Parkalian, Nina, Parmeggiano, Sergio, Payupol, Teerapat, Pei, Yatian, Pelliccia, Nicomede, Peng, Anguo, Peng, Haiping, Perrot, Frédéric, Petitjean, Pierre-Alexandre, Petrucci, Fabrizio, Rico, Luis Felipe Piñeres, Pilarczyk, Oliver, Popov, Artyom, Poussot, Pascal, Pratumwan, Wathan, Previtali, Ezio, Qi, Fazhi, Qi, Ming, Qian, Sen, Qian, Xiaohui, Qiao, Hao, Qin, Zhonghua, Qiu, Shoukang, Rajput, Muhammad, Ranucci, Gioacchino, Raper, Neill, Re, Alessandra, Rebber, Henning, Rebii, Abdel, Ren, Bin, Ren, Jie, Rezinko, Taras, Ricci, Barbara, Robens, Markus, Roche, Mathieu, Rodphai, Narongkiat, Romani, Aldo, Roskovec, Bedřich, Roth, Christian, Ruan, Xiangdong, Ruan, Xichao, Rujirawat, Saroj, Rybnikov, Arseniy, Sadovsky, Andrey, Saggese, Paolo, Salamanna, Giuseppe, Sanfilippo, Simone, Sangka, Anut, Sanguansak, Nuanwan, Sawangwit, Utane, Sawatzki, Julia, Sawy, Fatma, Schever, Michaela, Schuler, Jacky, Schwab, Cédric, Schweizer, Konstantin, Selivanov, Dmitry, Selyunin, Alexandr, Serafini, Andrea, Settanta, Giulio, Settimo, Mariangela, Shao, Zhuang, Sharov, Vladislav, Shi, Jingyan, Shutov, Vitaly, Sidorenkov, Andrey, Šimkovic, Fedor, Sirignano, Chiara, Siripak, Jaruchit, Sisti, Monica, Slupecki, Maciej, Smirnov, Mikhail, Smirnov, Oleg, Sogo-Bezerra, Thiago, Songwadhana, Julanan, Soonthornthum, Boonrucksar, Sotnikov, Albert, Sramek, Ondrej, Sreethawong, Warintorn, Stahl, Achim, Stanco, Luca, Stankevich, Konstantin, Štefánik, Dušan, Steiger, Hans, Steinmann, Jochen, Sterr, Tobias, Stock, Matthias Raphael, Strati, Virginia, Studenikin, Alexander, Sun, Gongxing, Sun, Shifeng, Sun, Xilei, Sun, Yongjie, Sun, Yongzhao, Suwonjandee, Narumon, Szelezniak, Michal, Tang, Jian, Tang, Qiang, Tang, Quan, Tang, Xiao, Tietzsch, Alexander, Tkachev, Igor, Tmej, Tomas, Treskov, Konstantin, Triossi, Andrea, Troni, Giancarlo, Trzaska, Wladyslaw, Tuve, Cristina, van Waasen, Stefan, Boom, Johannes van den, Vanroyen, Guillaume, Vassilopoulos, Nikolaos, Vedin, Vadim, Verde, Giuseppe, Vialkov, Maxim, Viaud, Benoit, Volpe, Cristina, Vorobel, Vit, Votano, Lucia, Walker, Pablo, Wang, Caishen, Wang, Chung-Hsiang, Wang, En, Wang, Guoli, Wang, Jian, Wang, Jun, Wang, Kunyu, Wang, Lu, Wang, Meifen, Wang, Meng, Wang, Ruiguang, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Wenshuai, Wang, Xi, Wang, Xiangyue, Wang, Yangfu, Wang, Yaoguang, Wang, Yi, Wang, Yifang, Wang, Yuanqing, Wang, Yuman, Wang, Zhe, Wang, Zheng, Wang, Zhimin, Wang, Zongyi, Watcharangkool, Apimook, Wei, Lianghong, Wei, Wei, Wei, Yadong, Wen, Liangjian, Wiebusch, Christopher, Wong, Steven Chan-Fai, Wonsak, Bjoern, Wu, Diru, Wu, Fangliang, Wu, Qun, Wu, Wenjie, Wu, Zhi, Wurm, Michael, Wurtz, Jacques, Wysotzki, Christian, Xi, Yufei, Xia, Dongmei, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xie, Yuguang, Xie, Zhangquan, Xing, Zhizhong, Xu, Benda, Xu, Cheng, Xu, Donglian, Xu, Fanrong, Xu, Jilei, Xu, Jing, Xu, Meihang, Xu, Yin, Xu, Yu, Yan, Baojun, Yan, Xiongbo, Yan, Yupeng, Yang, Anbo, Yang, Changgen, Yang, Huan, Yang, Jie, Yang, Lei, Yang, Xiaoyu, Yang, Yifan, Yao, Haifeng, Yasin, Zafar, Ye, Jiaxuan, Ye, Mei, Ye, Ziping, Yegin, Ugur, Yermia, Frédéric, Yi, Peihuai, Yin, Xiangwei, You, Zhengyun, Yu, Boxiang, Yu, Chiye, Yu, Chunxu, Yu, Hongzhao, Yu, Miao, Yu, Xianghui, Yu, Zeyuan, Yuan, Chengzhuo, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhenxiong, Yuan, Ziyi, Yue, Baobiao, Zafar, Noman, Zambanini, Andre, Zeng, Shan, Zeng, Tingxuan, Zeng, Yuda, Zhan, Liang, Zhang, Feiyang, Zhang, Guoqing, Zhang, Haiqiong, Zhang, Honghao, Zhang, Jiawen, Zhang, Jie, Zhang, Jingbo, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Qingmin, Zhang, Shiqi, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Xiaomei, Zhang, Xuantong, Zhang, Yan, Zhang, Yinhong, Zhang, Yiyu, Zhang, Yongpeng, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhang, Yumei, Zhang, Zhenyu, Zhang, Zhijian, Zhao, Fengyi, Zhao, Jie, Zhao, Rong, Zhao, Shujun, Zhao, Tianchi, Zheng, Dongqin, Zheng, Hua, Zheng, Minshan, Zheng, Yangheng, Zhong, Weirong, Zhou, Jing, Zhou, Li, Zhou, Nan, Zhou, Shun, Zhou, Xiang, Zhu, Jiang, Zhu, Kejun, Zhuang, Honglin, Zong, Liang, and Zou, Jiaheng

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present the calibration strategy for the 20 kton liquid scintillator central detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). By utilizing a comprehensive multiple-source and multiple-positional calibration program, in combination with a novel dual calorimetry technique exploiting two independent photosensors and readout systems, we demonstrate that the JUNO central detector can achieve a better than 1% energy linearity and a 3% effective energy resolution, required by the neutrino mass ordering determination.

Published
2020
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38. Constraints on General Light Mediators from PandaX-II Electron Recoil Data

Author

Khan, Amir N.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

PandaX-II has analyzed their complete data set of the electron recoil energy spectrum and has confirmed the XENON1T (1-7) keV excess, although the excess was also found compatible with the total background. Treating the background as well known, in which case it provides a good fit to the observed spectrum, one can expect stronger constraints on any new physics model with this data. With this motivation, we derive constraints on the new general vector (V), axial-vector (A), scalar (S) and pseudoscalar (P) interactions if any of them contribute to the neutrino-electron elastic scattering. The derived constraints on the couplings at $90\%$ C.L., respectively, are $g_{V^{^{\prime }}} \lesssim 32 \times 10^{-7}$ for the mediator mass ${\lesssim 10}$ keV, $g_{A^{^{\prime }}} \lesssim 34 \times 10^{-7}$ for mass ${\lesssim 10}$ keV, $g_{S}\lesssim 49 \times 10^{-7}$ for mass ${\lesssim 20}$ keV and $g_{P} \lesssim 67 \times 10^{-7}$ for mass ${\lesssim 30}$ keV., Comment: 8 pages + 4 figure + 1 table; Analysis part was improved. 2 dim exclusion plots were included. Some typos fixed. Published in PLB

Published
2020
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39. Can Nonstandard Neutrino Interactions explain the XENON1T spectral excess?

Author

Khan, Amir N.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We perform a constrained spectral fit analysis of the excess observed in the electron recoil energy spectrum by XENON1T with neutrino magnetic moment, charge radius, neutrino millicharge and new light vector and scalar mediators. Within the limits allowed by other laboratory experiments we find that the excess can be explained in the range$\ (2-4)\times 10^{-11}\mu _{B} $ for the magnetic moment,$\ (2-6)\times 10^{-31}$cm$^{2}$ for the charge radius, $\ (1.7-2.3)\times 10^{-12}e$ for the millicharge and $(10-100)\ $keV masses of light mediators with couplings of $ 3.5\times 10^{-7}$ for vector/axial-vector, $1\times 10^{-6}$ and $4\times 10^{-6}$ for scalar and pseudo-scalar mediators respectively. Among all neutrino millicharge, magnetic moment and vector mediators fit better to the observed spectrum. We also derive constraints on all new physics parameters considered here., Comment: Version3. Published version. 8 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables and more references added. Typos fixed and analysis and discussion of millicharged neutrinos extended

Published
2020
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40. Feasibility and physics potential of detecting $^8$B solar neutrinos at JUNO

Author

JUNO collaboration, Abusleme, Angel, Adam, Thomas, Ahmad, Shakeel, Aiello, Sebastiano, Akram, Muhammad, Ali, Nawab, An, Fengpeng, An, Guangpeng, An, Qi, Andronico, Giuseppe, Anfimov, Nikolay, Antonelli, Vito, Antoshkina, Tatiana, Asavapibhop, Burin, de André, João Pedro Athayde Marcondes, Auguste, Didier, Babic, Andrej, Baldini, Wander, Barresi, Andrea, Baussan, Eric, Bellato, Marco, Bergnoli, Antonio, Bernieri, Enrico, Biare, David, Birkenfeld, Thilo, Blin, Sylvie, Blum, David, Blyth, Simon, Bolshakova, Anastasia, Bongrand, Mathieu, Bordereau, Clément, Breton, Dominique, Brigatti, Augusto, Brugnera, Riccardo, Bruno, Riccardo, Budano, Antonio, Buesken, Max, Buscemi, Mario, Busto, Jose, Butorov, Ilya, Cabrera, Anatael, Cai, Hao, Cai, Xiao, Cai, Yanke, Cai, Zhiyan, Cammi, Antonio, Campeny, Agustin, Cao, Chuanya, Cao, Guofu, Cao, Jun, Caruso, Rossella, Cerna, Cédric, Chakaberia, Irakli, Chang, Jinfan, Chang, Yun, Chen, Pingping, Chen, Po-An, Chen, Shaomin, Chen, Shenjian, Chen, Xurong, Chen, Yi-Wen, Chen, Yixue, Chen, Yu, Chen, Zhang, Cheng, Jie, Cheng, Yaping, Chepurnov, Alexander, Chiesa, Davide, Chimenti, Pietro, Chukanov, Artem, Chuvashova, Anna, Claverie, Gérard, Clementi, Catia, Clerbaux, Barbara, Di Lorenzo, Selma Conforti, Corti, Daniele, Costa, Salvatore, Corso, Flavio Dal, De La Taille, Christophe, Deng, Jiawei, Deng, Zhi, Deng, Ziyan, Depnering, Wilfried, Diaz, Marco, Ding, Xuefeng, Ding, Yayun, Dirgantara, Bayu, Dmitrievsky, Sergey, Dohnal, Tadeas, Donchenko, Georgy, Dong, Jianmeng, Dornic, Damien, Doroshkevich, Evgeny, Dracos, Marcos, Druillole, Frédéric, Du, Shuxian, Dusini, Stefano, Dvorak, Martin, Enqvist, Timo, Enzmann, Heike, Fabbri, Andrea, Fajt, Lukas, Fan, Donghua, Fan, Lei, Fang, Can, Fang, Jian, Fargetta, Marco, Fatkina, Anna, Fedoseev, Dmitry, Fekete, Vladko, Feng, Li-Cheng, Feng, Qichun, Ford, Richard, Formozov, Andrey, Fournier, Amélie, Gan, Haonan, Gao, Feng, Garfagnini, Alberto, Göttel, Alexandre, Genster, Christoph, Giammarchi, Marco, Giaz, Agnese, Giudice, Nunzio, Giuliani, Franco, Gonchar, Maxim, Gong, Guanghua, Gong, Hui, Gorchakov, Oleg, Gornushkin, Yuri, Grassi, Marco, Grewing, Christian, Gromov, Maxim, Gromov, Vasily, Gu, Minghao, Gu, Xiaofei, Gu, Yu, Guan, Mengyun, Guardone, Nunzio, Gul, Maria, Guo, Cong, Guo, Jingyuan, Guo, Wanlei, Guo, Xinheng, Guo, Yuhang, Hackspacher, Paul, Hagner, Caren, Han, Ran, Han, Yang, He, Miao, He, Wei, Heinz, Tobias, Hellmuth, Patrick, Heng, Yuekun, Herrera, Rafael, Hong, Daojin, Hou, Shaojing, Hsiung, Yee, Hu, Bei-Zhen, Hu, Hang, Hu, Jianrun, Hu, Jun, Hu, Shouyang, Hu, Tao, Hu, Zhuojun, Huang, Chunhao, Huang, Guihong, Huang, Hanxiong, Huang, Qinhua, Huang, Wenhao, Huang, Xingtao, Huang, Yongbo, Hui, Jiaqi, Huo, Lei, Huo, Wenju, Huss, Cédric, Hussain, Safeer, Insolia, Antonio, Ioannisian, Ara, Isocrate, Roberto, Jen, Kuo-Lun, Ji, Xiaolu, Ji, Xingzhao, Jia, Huihui, Jia, Junji, Jian, Siyu, Jiang, Di, Jiang, Xiaoshan, Jin, Ruyi, Jing, Xiaoping, Jollet, Cécile, Joutsenvaara, Jari, Jungthawan, Sirichok, Kalousis, Leonidas, Kampmann, Philipp, Kang, Li, Karagounis, Michael, Kazarian, Narine, Khan, Amir, Khan, Waseem, Khosonthongkee, Khanchai, Kinz, Patrick, Korablev, Denis, Kouzakov, Konstantin, Krasnoperov, Alexey, Krokhaleva, Svetlana, Krumshteyn, Zinovy, Kruth, Andre, Kutovskiy, Nikolay, Kuusiniemi, Pasi, Lachenmaier, Tobias, Landini, Cecilia, Leblanc, Sébastien, Lefevre, Frederic, Lei, Liping, Lei, Ruiting, Leitner, Rupert, Leung, Jason, Li, Chao, Li, Demin, Li, Fei, Li, Fule, Li, Haitao, Li, Huiling, Li, Jiaqi, Li, Jin, Li, Kaijie, Li, Mengzhao, Li, Nan, Li, Qingjiang, Li, Ruhui, Li, Shanfeng, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Li, Teng, Li, Weidong, Li, Weiguo, Li, Xiaomei, Li, Xiaonan, Li, Xinglong, Li, Yi, Li, Yufeng, Li, Zhibing, Li, Ziyuan, Liang, Hao, Liang, Jingjing, Liebau, Daniel, Limphirat, Ayut, Limpijumnong, Sukit, Lin, Guey-Lin, Lin, Shengxin, Lin, Tao, Ling, Jiajie, Lippi, Ivano, Liu, Fang, Liu, Haidong, Liu, Hongbang, Liu, Hongjuan, Liu, Hongtao, Liu, Hu, Liu, Hui, Liu, Jianglai, Liu, Jinchang, Liu, Min, Liu, Qian, Liu, Qin, Liu, Runxuan, Liu, Shuangyu, Liu, Shubin, Liu, Shulin, Liu, Xiaowei, Liu, Yan, Lokhov, Alexey, Lombardi, Paolo, Lombardo, Claudio, Loo, Kai, Lu, Chuan, Lu, Haoqi, Lu, Jingbin, Lu, Junguang, Lu, Shuxiang, Lu, Xiaoxu, Lubsandorzhiev, Bayarto, Lubsandorzhiev, Sultim, Ludhova, Livia, Luo, Fengjiao, Luo, Guang, Luo, Pengwei, Luo, Shu, Luo, Wuming, Lyashuk, Vladimir, Ma, Qiumei, Ma, Si, Ma, Xiaoyan, Ma, Xubo, Maalmi, Jihane, Malyshkin, Yury, Mantovani, Fabio, Manzali, Francesco, Mao, Xin, Mao, Yajun, Mari, Stefano M., Marini, Filippo, Marium, Sadia, Martellini, Cristina, Martin-Chassard, Gisele, Martini, Agnese, Mayilyan, Davit, Müller, Axel, Meng, Yue, Meregaglia, Anselmo, Meroni, Emanuela, Meyhöfer, David, Mezzetto, Mauro, Miller, Jonathan, Miramonti, Lino, Monforte, Salvatore, Montini, Paolo, Montuschi, Michele, Morozov, Nikolay, Muralidharan, Pavithra, Nastasi, Massimiliano, Naumov, Dmitry V., Naumova, Elena, Nemchenok, Igor, Nikolaev, Alexey, Ning, Feipeng, Ning, Zhe, Nunokawa, Hiroshi, Oberauer, Lothar, Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro, Olshevskiy, Alexander, Orestano, Domizia, Ortica, Fausto, Pan, Hsiao-Ru, Paoloni, Alessandro, Parkalian, Nina, Parmeggiano, Sergio, Payupol, Teerapat, Pei, Yatian, Pelliccia, Nicomede, Peng, Anguo, Peng, Haiping, Perrot, Frédéric, Petitjean, Pierre-Alexandre, Petrucci, Fabrizio, Rico, Luis Felipe Piñeres, Pilarczyk, Oliver, Popov, Artyom, Poussot, Pascal, Pratumwan, Wathan, Previtali, Ezio, Qi, Fazhi, Qi, Ming, Qian, Sen, Qian, Xiaohui, Qiao, Hao, Qin, Zhonghua, Qiu, Shoukang, Rajput, Muhammad, Ranucci, Gioacchino, Raper, Neill, Re, Alessandra, Rebber, Henning, Rebii, Abdel, Ren, Bin, Ren, Jie, Rezinko, Taras, Ricci, Barbara, Robens, Markus, Roche, Mathieu, Rodphai, Narongkiat, Romani, Aldo, Roskovec, Bedřich, Roth, Christian, Ruan, Xiangdong, Ruan, Xichao, Rujirawat, Saroj, Rybnikov, Arseniy, Sadovsky, Andrey, Saggese, Paolo, Salamanna, Giuseppe, Sanfilippo, Simone, Sangka, Anut, Sanguansak, Nuanwan, Sawangwit, Utane, Sawatzki, Julia, Sawy, Fatma, Schever, Michaela, Schuler, Jacky, Schwab, Cédric, Schweizer, Konstantin, Selivanov, Dmitry, Selyunin, Alexandr, Serafini, Andrea, Settanta, Giulio, Settimo, Mariangela, Shahzad, Muhammad, Sharov, Vladislav, Shi, Gang, Shi, Jingyan, Shi, Yongjiu, Shutov, Vitaly, Sidorenkov, Andrey, Simkovic, Fedor, Sirignano, Chiara, Siripak, Jaruchit, Sisti, Monica, Slupecki, Maciej, Smirnov, Mikhail, Smirnov, Oleg, Sogo-Bezerra, Thiago, Songwadhana, Julanan, Soonthornthum, Boonrucksar, Sotnikov, Albert, Sramek, Ondrej, Sreethawong, Warintorn, Stahl, Achim, Stanco, Luca, Stankevich, Konstantin, Stefanik, Dus, Steiger, Hans, Steinmann, Jochen, Sterr, Tobias, Stock, Matthias Raphael, Strati, Virginia, Studenikin, Alexander, Sun, Gongxing, Sun, Shifeng, Sun, Xilei, Sun, Yongjie, Sun, Yongzhao, Suwonjandee, Narumon, Szelezniak, Michal, Tang, Jian, Tang, Qiang, Tang, Quan, Tang, Xiao, Tietzsch, Alexander, Tkachev, Igor, Tmej, Tomas, Treskov, Konstantin, Triossi, Andrea, Troni, Giancarlo, Trzaska, Wladyslaw, Tuve, Cristina, van Waasen, Stefan, Boom, Johannes Vanden, Vanroyen, Guillaume, Vassilopoulos, Nikolaos, Vedin, Vadim, Verde, Giuseppe, Vialkov, Maxim, Viaud, Benoit, Volpe, Cristina, Vorobel, Vit, Votano, Lucia, Walker, Pablo, Wang, Caishen, Wang, Chung-Hsiang, Wang, En, Wang, Guoli, Wang, Jian, Wang, Jun, Wang, Kunyu, Wang, Lu, Wang, Meifen, Wang, Meng, Wang, Ruiguang, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Wenshuai, Wang, Xi, Wang, Xiangyue, Wang, Yangfu, Wang, Yaoguang, Wang, Yi, Wang, Yifang, Wang, Yuanqing, Wang, Yuman, Wang, Zhe, Wang, Zheng, Wang, Zhimin, Wang, Zongyi, Watcharangkool, Apimook, Wei, Lianghong, Wei, Wei, Wei, Yadong, Wen, Liangjian, Wiebusch, Christopher, Wong, Steven Chan-Fai, Wonsak, Bjoern, Wu, Diru, Wu, Fangliang, Wu, Qun, Wu, Wenjie, Wu, Zhi, Wurm, Michael, Wurtz, Jacques, Wysotzki, Christian, Xi, Yufei, Xia, Dongmei, Xie, Yuguang, Xie, Zhangquan, Xing, Zhizhong, Xu, Benda, Xu, Donglian, Xu, Fanrong, Xu, Jilei, Xu, Jing, Xu, Meihang, Xu, Yin, Xu, Yu, Yan, Baojun, Yan, Xiongbo, Yan, Yupeng, Yang, Anbo, Yang, Changgen, Yang, Huan, Yang, Jie, Yang, Lei, Yang, Xiaoyu, Yang, Yifan, Yao, Haifeng, Yasin, Zafar, Ye, Jiaxuan, Ye, Mei, Yegin, Ugur, Yermia, Frédéric, Yi, Peihuai, Yin, Xiangwei, You, Zhengyun, Yu, Boxiang, Yu, Chiye, Yu, Chunxu, Yu, Hongzhao, Yu, Miao, Yu, Xianghui, Yu, Zeyuan, Yuan, Chengzhuo, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhenxiong, Yuan, Ziyi, Yue, Baobiao, Zafar, Noman, Zambanini, Andre, Zeng, Pan, Zeng, Shan, Zeng, Tingxuan, Zeng, Yuda, Zhan, Liang, Zhang, Feiyang, Zhang, Guoqing, Zhang, Haiqiong, Zhang, Honghao, Zhang, Jiawen, Zhang, Jie, Zhang, Jingbo, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Qingmin, Zhang, Shiqi, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Xiaomei, Zhang, Xuantong, Zhang, Yan, Zhang, Yinhong, Zhang, Yiyu, Zhang, Yongpeng, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhang, Yumei, Zhang, Zhenyu, Zhang, Zhijian, Zhao, Fengyi, Zhao, Jie, Zhao, Rong, Zhao, Shujun, Zhao, Tianchi, Zheng, Dongqin, Zheng, Hua, Zheng, Minshan, Zheng, Yangheng, Zhong, Weirong, Zhou, Jing, Zhou, Li, Zhou, Nan, Zhou, Shun, Zhou, Xiang, Zhu, Jiang, Zhu, Kejun, Zhuang, Honglin, Zong, Liang, and Zou, Jiaheng

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory~(JUNO) features a 20~kt multi-purpose underground liquid scintillator sphere as its main detector. Some of JUNO's features make it an excellent experiment for $^8$B solar neutrino measurements, such as its low-energy threshold, its high energy resolution compared to water Cherenkov detectors, and its much large target mass compared to previous liquid scintillator detectors. In this paper we present a comprehensive assessment of JUNO's potential for detecting $^8$B solar neutrinos via the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process. A reduced 2~MeV threshold on the recoil electron energy is found to be achievable assuming the intrinsic radioactive background $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th in the liquid scintillator can be controlled to 10$^{-17}$~g/g. With ten years of data taking, about 60,000 signal and 30,000 background events are expected. This large sample will enable an examination of the distortion of the recoil electron spectrum that is dominated by the neutrino flavor transformation in the dense solar matter, which will shed new light on the tension between the measured electron spectra and the predictions of the standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation framework. If $\Delta m^{2}_{21}=4.8\times10^{-5}~(7.5\times10^{-5})$~eV$^{2}$, JUNO can provide evidence of neutrino oscillation in the Earth at the about 3$\sigma$~(2$\sigma$) level by measuring the non-zero signal rate variation with respect to the solar zenith angle. Moveover, JUNO can simultaneously measure $\Delta m^2_{21}$ using $^8$B solar neutrinos to a precision of 20\% or better depending on the central value and to sub-percent precision using reactor antineutrinos. A comparison of these two measurements from the same detector will help elucidate the current tension between the value of $\Delta m^2_{21}$ reported by solar neutrino experiments and the KamLAND experiment., Comment: 29 pages, 14 plots, 7 tables

Published
2020

41. TAO Conceptual Design Report: A Precision Measurement of the Reactor Antineutrino Spectrum with Sub-percent Energy Resolution

Author

JUNO Collaboration, Abusleme, Angel, Adam, Thomas, Ahmad, Shakeel, Aiello, Sebastiano, Akram, Muhammad, Ali, Nawab, An, Fengpeng, An, Guangpeng, An, Qi, Andronico, Giuseppe, Anfimov, Nikolay, Antonelli, Vito, Antoshkina, Tatiana, Asavapibhop, Burin, de André, João Pedro Athayde Marcondes, Auguste, Didier, Babic, Andrej, Baldini, Wander, Barresi, Andrea, Baussan, Eric, Bellato, Marco, Bergnoli, Antonio, Bernieri, Enrico, Biare, David, Birkenfeld, Thilo, Blin, Sylvie, Blum, David, Blyth, Simon, Bolshakova, Anastasia, Bongrand, Mathieu, Bordereau, Clément, Breton, Dominique, Brigatti, Augusto, Brugnera, Riccardo, Budano, Antonio, Buscemi, Mario, Busto, Jose, Butorov, Ilya, Cabrera, Anatael, Cai, Hao, Cai, Xiao, Cai, Yanke, Cai, Zhiyan, Cammi, Antonio, Campeny, Agustin, Cao, Chuanya, Cao, Guofu, Cao, Jun, Caruso, Rossella, Cerna, Cédric, Chakaberia, Irakli, Chang, Jinfan, Chang, Yun, Chen, Pingping, Chen, Po-An, Chen, Shaomin, Chen, Shenjian, Chen, Xurong, Chen, Yi-Wen, Chen, Yixue, Chen, Yu, Chen, Zhang, Cheng, Jie, Cheng, Yaping, Chepurnov, Alexander, Chiesa, Davide, Chimenti, Pietro, Chukanov, Artem, Chuvashova, Anna, Claverie, Gérard, Clementi, Catia, Clerbaux, Barbara, Di Lorenzo, Selma Conforti, Corti, Daniele, Costa, Salvatore, Corso, Flavio Dal, De La Taille, Christophe, Deng, Jiawei, Deng, Zhi, Deng, Ziyan, Depnering, Wilfried, Diaz, Marco, Ding, Xuefeng, Ding, Yayun, Dirgantara, Bayu, Dmitrievsky, Sergey, Dohnal, Tadeas, Donchenko, Georgy, Dong, Jianmeng, Dornic, Damien, Doroshkevich, Evgeny, Dracos, Marcos, Druillole, Frédéric, Du, Shuxian, Dusini, Stefano, Dvorak, Martin, Enqvist, Timo, Enzmann, Heike, Fabbri, Andrea, Fajt, Lukas, Fan, Donghua, Fan, Lei, Fang, Can, Fang, Jian, Fatkina, Anna, Fedoseev, Dmitry, Fekete, Vladko, Feng, Li-Cheng, Feng, Qichun, Ford, Richard, Formozov, Andrey, Fournier, Amélie, Gan, Haonan, Gao, Feng, Garfagnini, Alberto, Göttel, Alexandre, Genster, Christoph, Giammarchi, Marco, Giaz, Agnese, Giudice, Nunzio, Giuliani, Franco, Gonchar, Maxim, Gong, Guanghua, Gong, Hui, Gorchakov, Oleg, Gornushkin, Yuri, Grassi, Marco, Grewing, Christian, Gromov, Maxim, Gromov, Vasily, Gu, Minghao, Gu, Xiaofei, Gu, Yu, Guan, Mengyun, Guardone, Nunzio, Gul, Maria, Guo, Cong, Guo, Jingyuan, Guo, Wanlei, Guo, Xinheng, Guo, Yuhang, Haacke, Michael, Hackspacher, Paul, Hagner, Caren, Han, Ran, Han, Yang, He, Miao, He, Wei, Heinz, Tobias, Hellmuth, Patrick, Heng, Yuekun, Herrera, Rafael, Hong, Daojin, Hou, Shaojing, Hsiung, Yee, Hu, Bei-Zhen, Hu, Hang, Hu, Jianrun, Hu, Jun, Hu, Shouyang, Hu, Tao, Hu, Zhuojun, Huang, Chunhao, Huang, Guihong, Huang, Hanxiong, Huang, Qinhua, Huang, Wenhao, Huang, Xingtao, Huang, Yongbo, Hui, Jiaqi, Huo, Lei, Huo, Wenju, Huss, Cédric, Hussain, Safeer, Insolia, Antonio, Ioannisian, Ara, Isocrate, Roberto, Jen, Kuo-Lun, Ji, Xiaolu, Ji, Xingzhao, Jia, Huihui, Jia, Junji, Jian, Siyu, Jiang, Di, Jiang, Xiaoshan, Jin, Ruyi, Jing, Xiaoping, Jollet, Cécile, Joutsenvaara, Jari, Jungthawan, Sirichok, Kalousis, Leonidas, Kampmann, Philipp, Kang, Li, Karagounis, Michael, Kazarian, Narine, Khan, Amir, Khan, Waseem, Khosonthongkee, Khanchai, Kinz, Patrick, Korablev, Denis, Kouzakov, Konstantin, Krasnoperov, Alexey, Krokhaleva, Svetlana, Krumshteyn, Zinovy, Kruth, Andre, Kutovskiy, Nikolay, Kuusiniemi, Pasi, Lachenmaier, Tobias, Landini, Cecilia, Leblanc, Sébastien, Lefevre, Frederic, Lei, Liping, Lei, Ruiting, Leitner, Rupert, Leung, Jason, Li, Chao, Li, Demin, Li, Fei, Li, Fule, Li, Haitao, Li, Huiling, Li, Jiaqi, Li, Jin, Li, Kaijie, Li, Mengzhao, Li, Nan, Li, Qingjiang, Li, Ruhui, Li, Shanfeng, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Li, Teng, Li, Weidong, Li, Weiguo, Li, Xiaomei, Li, Xiaonan, Li, Xinglong, Li, Yi, Li, Yufeng, Li, Zhibing, Li, Ziyuan, Liang, Hao, Liang, Jingjing, Liebau, Daniel, Limphirat, Ayut, Limpijumnong, Sukit, Lin, Guey-Lin, Lin, Shengxin, Lin, Tao, Ling, Jiajie, Lippi, Ivano, Liu, Fang, Liu, Haidong, Liu, Hongbang, Liu, Hongjuan, Liu, Hongtao, Liu, Hu, Liu, Hui, Liu, Jianglai, Liu, Jinchang, Liu, Min, Liu, Qian, Liu, Qin, Liu, Runxuan, Liu, Shuangyu, Liu, Shubin, Liu, Shulin, Liu, Xiaowei, Liu, Yan, Lokhov, Alexey, Lombardi, Paolo, Lombardo, Claudio, Loo, Kai, Lu, Chuan, Lu, Haoqi, Lu, Jingbin, Lu, Junguang, Lu, Shuxiang, Lu, Xiaoxu, Lubsandorzhiev, Bayarto, Lubsandorzhiev, Sultim, Ludhova, Livia, Luo, Fengjiao, Luo, Guang, Luo, Pengwei, Luo, Shu, Luo, Wuming, Lyashuk, Vladimir, Ma, Qiumei, Ma, Si, Ma, Xiaoyan, Ma, Xubo, Maalmi, Jihane, Malyshkin, Yury, Mantovani, Fabio, Manzali, Francesco, Mao, Xin, Mao, Yajun, Mari, Stefano M., Marini, Filippo, Marium, Sadia, Martellini, Cristina, Martin-Chassard, Gisele, Martini, Agnese, Mayilyan, Davit, Müller, Axel, Meng, Yue, Meregaglia, Anselmo, Meroni, Emanuela, Meyhöfer, David, Mezzetto, Mauro, Miller, Jonathan, Miramonti, Lino, Monforte, Salvatore, Montini, Paolo, Montuschi, Michele, Morozov, Nikolay, Muralidharan, Pavithra, Nastasi, Massimiliano, Naumov, Dmitry V., Naumova, Elena, Nemchenok, Igor, Nikolaev, Alexey, Ning, Feipeng, Ning, Zhe, Nunokawa, Hiroshi, Oberauer, Lothar, Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro, Olshevskiy, Alexander, Orestano, Domizia, Ortica, Fausto, Pan, Hsiao-Ru, Paoloni, Alessandro, Parkalian, Nina, Parmeggiano, Sergio, Payupol, Teerapat, Pei, Yatian, Pelliccia, Nicomede, Peng, Anguo, Peng, Haiping, Perrot, Frédéric, Petitjean, Pierre-Alexandre, Petrucci, Fabrizio, Rico, Luis Felipe Piñeres, Popov, Artyom, Poussot, Pascal, Pratumwan, Wathan, Previtali, Ezio, Qi, Fazhi, Qi, Ming, Qian, Sen, Qian, Xiaohui, Qiao, Hao, Qin, Zhonghua, Qiu, Shoukang, Rajput, Muhammad, Ranucci, Gioacchino, Raper, Neill, Re, Alessandra, Rebber, Henning, Rebii, Abdel, Ren, Bin, Ren, Jie, Rezinko, Taras, Ricci, Barbara, Robens, Markus, Roche, Mathieu, Rodphai, Narongkiat, Romani, Aldo, Roskovec, Bedřich, Roth, Christian, Ruan, Xiangdong, Ruan, Xichao, Rujirawat, Saroj, Rybnikov, Arseniy, Sadovsky, Andrey, Saggese, Paolo, Salamanna, Giuseppe, Sanfilippo, Simone, Sangka, Anut, Sanguansak, Nuanwan, Sawangwit, Utane, Sawatzki, Julia, Sawy, Fatma, Schever, Michaela, Schuler, Jacky, Schwab, Cédric, Schweizer, Konstantin, Selivanov, Dmitry, Selyunin, Alexandr, Serafini, Andrea, Settanta, Giulio, Settimo, Mariangela, Shahzad, Muhammad, Shi, Gang, Shi, Jingyan, Shi, Yongjiu, Shutov, Vitaly, Sidorenkov, Andrey, Simkovic, Fedor, Sirignano, Chiara, Siripak, Jaruchit, Sisti, Monica, Slupecki, Maciej, Smirnov, Mikhail, Smirnov, Oleg, Sogo-Bezerra, Thiago, Songwadhana, Julanan, Soonthornthum, Boonrucksar, Sotnikov, Albert, Sramek, Ondrej, Sreethawong, Warintorn, Stahl, Achim, Stanco, Luca, Stankevich, Konstantin, Stefanik, Dus, Steiger, Hans, Steinmann, Jochen, Sterr, Tobias, Stock, Matthias Raphael, Strati, Virginia, Studenikin, Alexander, Sun, Gongxing, Sun, Shifeng, Sun, Xilei, Sun, Yongjie, Sun, Yongzhao, Suwonjandee, Narumon, Szelezniak, Michal, Tang, Jian, Tang, Qiang, Tang, Quan, Tang, Xiao, Tietzsch, Alexander, Tkachev, Igor, Tmej, Tomas, Treskov, Konstantin, Triossi, Andrea, Troni, Giancarlo, Trzaska, Wladyslaw, Tuve, Cristina, van Waasen, Stefan, Boom, Johannes Vanden, Vanroyen, Guillaume, Vassilopoulos, Nikolaos, Vedin, Vadim, Verde, Giuseppe, Vialkov, Maxim, Viaud, Benoit, Volpe, Cristina, Vorobel, Vit, Votano, Lucia, Walker, Pablo, Wang, Caishen, Wang, Chung-Hsiang, Wang, En, Wang, Guoli, Wang, Jian, Wang, Jun, Wang, Kunyu, Wang, Lu, Wang, Meifen, Wang, Meng, Wang, Ruiguang, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Wenshuai, Wang, Xi, Wang, Xiangyue, Wang, Yangfu, Wang, Yaoguang, Wang, Yi, Wang, Yifang, Wang, Yuanqing, Wang, Yuman, Wang, Zhe, Wang, Zheng, Wang, Zhimin, Wang, Zongyi, Watcharangkool, Apimook, Wei, Lianghong, Wei, Wei, Wei, Yadong, Wen, Liangjian, Wiebusch, Christopher, Wong, Steven Chan-Fai, Wonsak, Bjoern, Wu, Diru, Wu, Fangliang, Wu, Qun, Wu, Wenjie, Wu, Zhi, Wurm, Michael, Wurtz, Jacques, Wysotzki, Christian, Xi, Yufei, Xia, Dongmei, Xie, Yuguang, Xie, Zhangquan, Xing, Zhizhong, Xu, Benda, Xu, Donglian, Xu, Fanrong, Xu, Jilei, Xu, Jing, Xu, Meihang, Xu, Yin, Xu, Yu, Yan, Baojun, Yan, Xiongbo, Yan, Yupeng, Yang, Anbo, Yang, Changgen, Yang, Huan, Yang, Jie, Yang, Lei, Yang, Xiaoyu, Yang, Yifan, Yao, Haifeng, Yasin, Zafar, Ye, Jiaxuan, Ye, Mei, Yegin, Ugur, Yermia, Frédéric, Yi, Peihuai, Yin, Xiangwei, You, Zhengyun, Yu, Boxiang, Yu, Chiye, Yu, Chunxu, Yu, Hongzhao, Yu, Miao, Yu, Xianghui, Yu, Zeyuan, Yuan, Chengzhuo, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhenxiong, Yuan, Ziyi, Yue, Baobiao, Zafar, Noman, Zambanini, Andre, Zeng, Pan, Zeng, Shan, Zeng, Tingxuan, Zeng, Yuda, Zhan, Liang, Zhang, Feiyang, Zhang, Guoqing, Zhang, Haiqiong, Zhang, Honghao, Zhang, Jiawen, Zhang, Jie, Zhang, Jingbo, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Qingmin, Zhang, Shiqi, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Xiaomei, Zhang, Xuantong, Zhang, Yan, Zhang, Yinhong, Zhang, Yiyu, Zhang, Yongpeng, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhang, Yumei, Zhang, Zhenyu, Zhang, Zhijian, Zhao, Fengyi, Zhao, Jie, Zhao, Rong, Zhao, Shujun, Zhao, Tianchi, Zheng, Dongqin, Zheng, Hua, Zheng, Minshan, Zheng, Yangheng, Zhong, Weirong, Zhou, Jing, Zhou, Li, Zhou, Nan, Zhou, Shun, Zhou, Xiang, Zhu, Jiang, Zhu, Kejun, Zhuang, Honglin, Zong, Liang, and Zou, Jiaheng

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO, also known as JUNO-TAO) is a satellite experiment of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). A ton-level liquid scintillator detector will be placed at about 30 m from a core of the Taishan Nuclear Power Plant. The reactor antineutrino spectrum will be measured with sub-percent energy resolution, to provide a reference spectrum for future reactor neutrino experiments, and to provide a benchmark measurement to test nuclear databases. A spherical acrylic vessel containing 2.8 ton gadolinium-doped liquid scintillator will be viewed by 10 m^2 Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) of >50% photon detection efficiency with almost full coverage. The photoelectron yield is about 4500 per MeV, an order higher than any existing large-scale liquid scintillator detectors. The detector operates at -50 degree C to lower the dark noise of SiPMs to an acceptable level. The detector will measure about 2000 reactor antineutrinos per day, and is designed to be well shielded from cosmogenic backgrounds and ambient radioactivities to have about 10% background-to-signal ratio. The experiment is expected to start operation in 2022., Comment: 134 pages, 114 figures

Published
2020

42. Thirdhand smoke associations with the gut microbiomes of infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit: An observational study

Author

Northrup, Thomas F, Stotts, Angela L, Suchting, Robert, Matt, Georg E, Quintana, Penelope JE, Khan, Amir M, Green, Charles, Klawans, Michelle R, Johnson, Mary, Benowitz, Neal, Jacob, Peyton, Hoh, Eunha, Hovell, Melbourne F, and Stewart, Christopher J

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Clinical Research, Microbiome, Lung, Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Pediatric, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Prevention, Tobacco, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being, Bayes Theorem, Cotinine, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Thirdhand smoke, THS, Gut microbiome, Neonatal ICU, NICU, Breastmilk, Tobacco toxicants, Tobacco carcinogens, Chemical Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Toxicology, Biological sciences, Chemical sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

IntroductionMicrobiome differences have been found in adults who smoke cigarettes compared to non-smoking adults, but the impact of thirdhand smoke (THS; post-combustion tobacco residue) on hospitalized infants' rapidly developing gut microbiomes is unexplored. Our aim was to explore gut microbiome differences in infants admitted to a neonatal ICU (NICU) with varying THS-related exposure.MethodsForty-three mother-infant dyads (household member[s] smoke cigarettes, n = 32; no household smoking, n = 11) consented to a carbon monoxide-breath sample, bedside furniture nicotine wipes, infant-urine samples (for cotinine [nicotine's primary metabolite] assays), and stool collection (for 16S rRNA V4 gene sequencing). Negative binomial regression modeled relative abundances of 8 bacterial genera with THS exposure-related variables (i.e., household cigarette use, surface nicotine, and infant urine cotinine), controlling for gestational age, postnatal age, antibiotic use, and breastmilk feeding. Microbiome-diversity outcomes were modeled similarly. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥75.0% were considered meaningful.ResultsA majority of infants (78%) were born pre-term. Infants from non-smoking homes and/or with lower NICU-furniture surface nicotine had greater microbiome alpha-diversity compared to infants from smoking households (PP ≥ 75.0%). Associations (with PP ≥ 75.0%) of selected bacterial genera with urine cotinine, surface nicotine, and/or household cigarette use were evidenced for 7 (of 8) modeled genera. For example, lower Bifidobacterium relative abundance associated with greater furniture nicotine (IRR

Published
2021

43. Umbilical Cord Milking vs Delayed Cord Clamping and Associations with In-Hospital Outcomes among Extremely Premature Infants

Author

Kumbhat, Neha, Eggleston, Barry, Davis, Alexis S, DeMauro, Sara B, Van Meurs, Krisa P, Foglia, Elizabeth E, Lakshminrusimha, Satyan, Walsh, Michele C, Watterberg, Kristi L, Wyckoff, Myra H, Das, Abhik, Handley, Sara C, Network, Generic Database Subcommittee of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research, Polin, Richard A, Laptook, R, Keszler, Martin, Hensman, Angelita M, Vieira, Elisa, St. Pierre, Lucille, Hibbs, Anna Maria, Truog, William E, Pallotto, Eugenia K, Parimi, Prabhu S, Gauldin, Cheri, Holmes, Anne, Knutson, Allison, Gaetano, Lisa, Poindexter, Brenda B, Schibler, Kurt, Merhar, Stephanie L, Grisby, Cathy, Kirker, Kristin, Cotten, C Michael, Goldberg, Ronald N, Finkle, Joanne, Fisher, Kimberley A, Laughon, Matthew M, Bose, Carl L, Bernhardt, Janice, Bose, Gennie, Clark, Cindy, Kicklighter, Stephen D, Rhodes-Ryan, Ginger, White, Donna, Carlton, David P, Patel, Ravi M, Loggins, Yvonne, Mackie, Colleen, Bottcher, Diane I, Bremer, Andrew A, Higgins, Rosemary D, Archer, Stephanie Wilson, Sokol, Gregory M, Herron, Dianne E, Tyson, Jon E, Khan, Amir M, Kennedy, Kathleen A, Pedrozza, Claudia, Eason, Elizabeth, Stephens, Emily K, McDavid, Georgia E, Martin, Karen, Hall, Donna, Wright, Sharon L, Sánchez, Pablo J, Nelin, Leif D, Jadcherla, Sudarshan R, Luzader, Patricia, Clark, Erna, Gutentag, Julie, Park, Courtney, Shadd, Julie C, Stein, Melanie, Baugher, Hallie, McCool, Jacqueline, Gantz, Marie G, Bann, Carla M, Wallace, Dennis, Zaterka-Baxter, Kristin M, Gabrio, Jenna, Leblond, David, Auman, Jeanette O'Donnell, Stevenson, David K, Chock, Valerie Y, Ball, M Bethany, Proud, Melinda S, Reichert, Elizabeth N, Williams, R Jordan, Carlo, Waldemar A, Ambalavanan, Namasivayam, Collins, Monica V, Cosby, Shirley S, McNair, Tara, Devaskar, Uday, Garg, Meena, Chanlaw, Teresa, Geller, Rachel, Bell, Edward F, Colaizy, Tarah T, and Ellsbury, Dan L

Subjects
Paediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Prevention, Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Infant Mortality, Clinical Research, Neurosciences, Cardiovascular, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Pediatric, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Cerebral Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Constriction, Female, Gestational Age, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Infant, Extremely Premature, Infant, Newborn, Male, Retrospective Studies, Umbilical Cord, Generic Database Subcommittee of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, Neonatal Research Network, intraventricular hemorrhage, placental transfusion, Human Movement and Sports Sciences, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Pediatrics
Abstract

ObjectiveTo compare in-hospital outcomes after umbilical cord milking vs delayed cord clamping among infants

Published
2021

44. CRT Based Spectral Convolution in Binary Fields

Author

Khan, Muhammad Asad, Saleem, Sajid, and Khan, Amir A

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

In this paper, new results on convolution of spectral components in binary fields have been presented for combiatorial sequences. A novel method of convolution of DFT points through Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) is presented which has lower complexity as compared to known methods of spectral point computations. Exploring the inherent structures in cyclic nature of finite fields, certain fixed mappings between the spectral components from composite fields to their decomposed subfield components has been illustrated which are significant for analysis of combiner generators. Complexity estimations of our CRT based methodology of convolutions in binary fields proves that our proposed method is far efficient as comparised to to existing methods of DFT computations for convolving sequences in frequency domain.

Published
2019

45. Limited View and Sparse Photoacoustic Tomography for Neuroimaging with Deep Learning

Author

Guan, Steven, Khan, Amir A., Sikdar, Siddhartha, and Chitnis, Parag V.

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is a nonionizing imaging modality capable of acquiring high contrast and resolution images of optical absorption at depths greater than traditional optical imaging techniques. Practical considerations with instrumentation and geometry limit the number of available acoustic sensors and their view of the imaging target, which result in significant image reconstruction artifacts degrading image quality. Iterative reconstruction methods can be used to reduce artifacts but are computationally expensive. In this work, we propose a novel deep learning approach termed pixelwise deep learning (PixelDL) that first employs pixelwise interpolation governed by the physics of photoacoustic wave propagation and then uses a convolution neural network to directly reconstruct an image. Simulated photoacoustic data from synthetic vasculature phantom and mouse-brain vasculature were used for training and testing, respectively. Results demonstrated that PixelDL achieved comparable performance to iterative methods and outperformed other CNN-based approaches for correcting artifacts. PixelDL is a computationally efficient approach that enables for realtime PAT rendering and for improved image quality, quantification, and interpretation.

Published
2019
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46. Why matter effects matter for JUNO

Author

Khan, Amir N., Nunokawa, Hiroshi, and Parke, Stephen J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

In this paper we focus on the Earth matter effects for the solar parameter determination by a medium baseline reactor experiment such as JUNO. We derive perturbative expansions for the mixing angles $\theta_{12}$ and $\theta_{13}$ as well as the $\Delta m^2_{21}$ and $\Delta m^2_{31}$ in terms of the matter potential relevant for JUNO. These expansions, up to second order in the matter potential, while simple, allow one to calculate the electron antineutrino survival probability to a precision much better than needed for the JUNO experiment. We use these perturbative expansions to semi-analytically explain and confirm the shift caused by the matter effects on the solar neutrino mixing parameters $\theta_{12}$ and $\Delta m^2_{21}$ which were previously obtained by a purely numerical $\chi^2$ analysis. Since these shifts do not satisfy the naive expectations and are significant given the precision that can be achieved by the JUNO experiment, a totally independent cross check using a completely different method is of particular importance. We find that these matter effect shifts do not depend on any of the details of the detector characteristics apart from the baseline and earth mass density between reactor(s) and detector, but do depend on the normalized product of reactor neutrino spectrum times the inverse-beta decay cross-section. The results of this manuscript suggests an alternative analysis method for measuring $\sin^2 \theta_{12}$ and $\Delta m^2_{21}$ in JUNO which would be a useful cross check of the standard analysis and for the understanding of the Wolfenstein matter effect. The explanation of these shifts together with a quantitative understanding, using a semi-analytical method, is the principal purpose of this paper., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures. Minor changes and reorganization

Published
2019
Full Text
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