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In the field of piezoelectric applications, perovskite-based multifunctional composite ceramics are widely explored. The morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) regions, where dual structural phases coexist, play a crucial role in boosting the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties significantly. Herein, MPB-region-existent 0.7BiFeO3-0.3BaTiO3 (BFBT) composite ceramic is investigated under the influence of wt%Sn-ion incorporation at the lattice sites of the BFBT. Specifically, the ceramic composition BFBT:0.2Sn has demonstrated excellent remnant polarization (Pr ~ 22.68 µC/cm2), an impressive piezoelectric coefficient (d33 ~ 211 pC/N), stable impedance of 1.07 × 107 Ω, a Curie temperature of 435 °C and low dielectric loss (tanδ) of <0.5. Moreover, the BFBT:0.2Sn ceramic has also maintained a stable d33 of ~150 pC/N and resistivity of ~102 Ω even at a temperature of 400 °C. Such outcomes confirm the ability and potential of the BFBT:0.2Sn ceramic composition for high-temperature piezoelectric applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth layered structure ferroelectrics (BLSFs), also known as Aurivillius phase materials, are ideal for energy-efficient applications, particularly for solar cells. This work reports the first comprehensive detailed theoretical study on the fascinating structural, electronic, and optical properties of XNb2Bi2O9 (X = Ca, Ba, Be, Mg, Sr). The Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof approach and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) are implemented to thoroughly investigate the structural, bandgap, optical, and electronic properties of the compounds. The optical conductivity, band topologies, dielectric function, bandgap values, absorption coefficient, reflectivity, extinction coefficient, refractive index, and partial and total densities of states are thoroughly investigated from a photovoltaics standpoint. The material exhibits distinct behaviors, including significant optical anisotropy and an elevated absorption coefficient > 105 cm−1 in the region of visible; ultraviolet energy is observed, the elevated transparency lies in the visible and infrared regions for the imaginary portion of the dielectric function, and peaks in the optical spectra caused by inter-band transitions are detected. According to the data reported, it becomes obvious that XNb2Bi2O9 (X = Ca, Ba, Be, Mg, and Sr) is a suitable candidate for implementation in solar energy conversion applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monoazo substituted five membered heterocycles, along with their seleno like moieties are still of interest in organic chemistry due to their medicinal and valuable applications. In continuation of our interest in the study of heterocyclic azo compounds containing sulphur and / or nitrogen heteroatoms, the synthesis of 5-aryl mono azo-thiazol-2-ylcarbamoyl-thiophene along with their seleno like derivatives of pyridine, pyridazine and quinolone, were accomplished. All the synthesized compounds were in vitro screening of their antioxidant activity, antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell EACC cell line and antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic microorganisms, such as Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) and fungi strains of Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. The structural–activity relationship was studied based on the obtained data.

The present work describes the synthesis of a series of four novel biologically active 2-amino-5-arylazothiazole disperse dyes containing the sulfa drug nucleus. The structures of the synthesized thiazole derivatives are confirmed using UV-spectrophotometry, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques and elemental analysis. The synthesized dyes are applied to polyester fabrics as disperse dyes and their fastness properties to washing, perspiration, rubbing, sublimation, and light are evaluated. The synthesized compounds exhibit promising biological efficiency against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria as well as fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solid-solid reactions of thiosemicarbazide with 4-formylantipyrine, 2-acetylpyrrole and camphor were performed to afford the thiosemicarbazones 1–3 which underwent hetero-cyclization with phenacyl bromide to furnish the corresponding thiazole derivatives 4–6. The yields of the reactions are quantitative in all cases and the products do not require further purification. A series of 5-arylazo-2-(substituted ylidene-hydrazinyl)-thiazole dyes 7–9 was then prepared by diazo coupling of thiazole derivatives 4–6 with several diazonium chlorides. The synthesized dyes were applied as disperse dyes for dyeing polyester fabric. The dyed fabrics exhibit good washing, perspiration, sublimation and light fastness properties, with little variation in their moderate to good rubbing fastness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reactivity study of both the amino group and the aryl substituent of a newly synthesized 2- amino-5-(4-acetylphenylazo)-thiazole compound and its derivatives via various electrophilic reagents was performed to obtain new bioactive chalcone, imine, and pyrazole-thiazolidine derivatives. The synthesized compounds were chemically elucidated by analytical and spectral methods, and biologically evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their toxicity and antioxidant activity based on liver function enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desert development is the key role of enhancing agricultural production in Egypt. The northwestern coast is one of the most attractive desert regions for sustainable agrarian development due to its abundant qualifications which have not sufficiently used yet. This investigation was carried out in El-Qasr - Um El-Rakham area as a model for rainfed pattern at the northwestern coast, to assess both of types and capability of the soils representing dominant land forms in the area. Studied area extends over about 159603 feddan including 12 drainage basins. The extent of landforms was spatially identified using geological and topographic maps in integration with DEM. The area represented by 6 main land forms; (1) Coastal plain (17.8%) which include: Alluvial fans (9.1%), Lagoonal depression and salt marsh (3.5%), Oolitic longitudinal sand dunes (2.2%) and Oolitic sand beach (2.8%) - (2) Alluvial terraces and Interfluves wadis (9.7%) - (3) Wadi course (2.7%) - (4) Escarpment (4.3%) - (5) Piedmont plain (13.6%) - (6) Plateau (52.1%) which include: Lower plateau (18.6%) and Higher Libyan plateau (33.5%). Soils of the area were surveyed through 261 soil profiles which spatially distributed upon ETM+ LANDSAT 7 image classification to represent achieved landforms. Twenty four representative soil profiles were selected in this study. A digital vector database was created using GIS, consequently, soil and evaluation maps were generated. Results indicated that ten soil mapping units were differentiated according to differences in profile depth, texture and topography properties in the area under study. Further, data emphasized that 13.6% and 19.6% of the total area, respectively have deep and moderately deep profile depth. Coarse to moderately coarse texture classes dominated whole soils. Almost flat topography to gently undulated conquered the area over 69.3%. Based on field check and laboratory analysis, soils were classified into 10 family classes, while at sub great group level seven classes were differentiated. These are Typic Torrifluvents (24259 F - 15.2%), Typic Torripsamments (28728 F - 18.0%), Lithic Torripsamments (36070 F - 22.6%), Lithic Torriorthents (56978 F - 35.7%), oolitic Torripsamments (7980 F - 5.0%), Typic Aquisalids (5586 F - 3.5%), and Typic Haplosalids (260 F -0.15%). Soils of oolitic sand beach were classified as Oolitic Torripsamments, while soils of the lagoon depressions and salt marsh were classified as Typic Aquisalids. Soils of alluvial fans were classified as Typic Torrifluvents. As well, soils of the alluvial terraces and interfluves wadis, piedmont plain and wadi courses are generally belong to the subgroups Typic and lithic Torripsamments and Torriorthents, except small areas in the alluvial terraces and interfluves wadis and the lower portions of wadi courses were classified as Typic Torrifluvents and Typic Haplosalids. Generally, soils of plateau are classified as lithic Torriorthents. The study concluded that, soil potentiality classified as "Good" over 13.6% of the area, including soils of alluvial fans, partially alluvial terraces and down streams of wadi courses landforms, where the potentiality index varied between 60.9 and 68.1%. Meanwhile, the potentiality was classified as "Fair" on 19.6% of the area, representing some soils of alluvial fans, alluvial terraces, wadi middle streams and piedmont plain landforms, where the potentiality index ranged from 42.5 to 57.0%. "Poor" potentiality unit extend over 22.6% of the area occupying some soils of alluvial terraces, wadi upper streams and piedmont plain landforms, as the potentiality index ranged from 30.5 to 36.8%. Potentiality indices ranged between 1.2-11.5% indicating "Very poor" and "Non agricultural" units over the rest of the area, which may be relevant to other land utilization types. Low soil potentiality associated with limitations related to; limited soil profile depth, poor drainage, coarse texture, low clay content, high salinity, high lime content and low fertility status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of some new benzimidazole derivatives as potent clinical drugs that are useful in the treatment of some microbial infections and tumor inhibition. The starting compound 2-(bromomethyl)-1H-benzimidazole (1) was prepared, and hence underwent interesting functionalization reactions to afford several series of benzimidazole-5-(aryldiazenyl)thiazole derivatives: 3a–c, 7a–c, and 8a–c. The antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated by calculation of the inhibition zone diameter (mm) and the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (µg/mL) against selected pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria).Noticeable efficiency was found based on in vitro screening for their antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity effect against the human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) and human hepatocyte carcinoma cells at relatively high concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: "Polytrauma" patients are of a higher risk of complications and death than the summation of expected mortality and morbidity of their individual injuries. The ideal goal in trauma resuscitation care is to identify and treat all injuries. With clinical and technological advanced imaging available for diagnosis and treatment of traumatic patients, point of care-rapid ultrasound in shock and hypotension (RUSH) significantly affects modern trauma services and patient outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of RUSH and patient outcomes by early detection of the causes of unstable polytrauma., Methods: This cross-sectional, prospective study included 100 unstable polytrauma patients admitted in Suez Canal University Hospital. Clinical exam, RUSH and pan-computed tomography (pan-CT) were conducted. The result of CT was taken as the standard. Patients were managed according to the advanced trauma life support (ATLS) guidelines and treated of life threatening conditions if present. Patients were followed up for 28 days for a short outcome., Results: The most diagnostic causes of unstability in polytrauma patients by RUSH are hypovolemic shock (64%), followed by obstructive shock (14%), distributive shock (12%) and cardiogenic shock (10%) respectively. RUSH had 94.2% sensitivity in the diagnosis of unstable polytrauma patients; the accuracy of RUSH in shock patients was 95.2%., Conclusion: RUSH is accurate in the diagnosis of unstable polytrauma patients; and 4% of patients were diagnosed during follow-up after admission by RUSH and pan-CT., (Copyright © 2018 Daping Hospital and the Research Institute of Surgery of the Third Military Medical University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)