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Mukoepidermoid karsinom (MEK) tükrük bezinin en sık görülen malign tümörüdür ve en sık parotiste görülür. Onkositik mukoepidermoid karsinom (OMEK) nadir subtiptir. Burada 28 yaşında endometrium kanseri nedeniyle takip edilen kadın hastanın, sağ parotiste izlenen kitlesinin primer tümör mü metastatik tümör mü olduğu histolojik, immünhistokimyasal ve moleküler sonuçlarıyla sunmayı amaçladık. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant tumor of the salivary gland and is most commonly seen in the parotid. Oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinoma (OMEC) is a rare subtype. Here, we aimed to present the histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular results of a 28-year-old female patient followed for endometrial cancer, whether the mass in the right parotid is a primary or metastatic tumor.

Objective: Postoperative intraabdominal adhesions still cause significant morbidity in surgical patients. This study aims to evaluate the effects of an immunosuppressor known as Sirolimus and an antiadhesive membrane which is formed with sodium hyaluronate carboxymethylcellulose-based bioresorbable membrane (Seprafilm™) to the intraabdominal adhesion formation in a rat model. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed at an experimental research center, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul. Spraque-Dawley Rats, at a weight of about 250±20 gr, were used. Group 1 (n=8): Abdomen was closed after applying cecal abrasion (control group), group 2 (n=8): 10 x 30 mm Seprafilm™ was applied under the abdominal wall after cecal abrasion ( Seprafilm™ group ). Group 3 (n =8): Sirolimus (0,5 mg/kg) was applied (Sirolimus group). Adhesions quantitatively evaluated by a blinded assessor according to the classification of Nair and his colleagues. Results: Statistically significant difference in terms of adhesion severity scores according to the Nair classification was found between the Sirolimus and the control group (p=0,03). Whereas, no statistically significant difference was found between the Seprafilm™ and the control group (p=0,17). Similarly, no statistically significant difference was found between Seprafilm™ and sirolimus group (p=0,64). Conclusion: Although there was no statistically significant difference between intraperitoneal application of Sirolimus and Seprafilm™ group (p = 0.57), a statistically significant difference was found when each group compared with the control group (p=0,03). Combined anti-adhesive effect of Sirolimus and Seprafilm™ can be evaluated in future studies.

To evaluate whether mirtazapine and mesna have protective effects on cisplatin-induced ovarian injury. A total of 32 female Wistar Albino rats were divided into 4 groups (8 rats per group) and included in the study. No medication was administered to the first group; only intervention was that their ovaries were removed and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) values were measured. The second group received intramuscular cisplatin at a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg. The third group received a single dose of 200 mg/kg mesna intraperitoneally, and 30 minutes later, a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg intramuscular cisplatin was administered. The fourth group received oral 30 mg/kg mirtazapine, and 60 minutes later, a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg intramuscular cisplatin was administered. Oral 30 mg/kg mirtazapine was continued for ten days. Ovaries and AMH values of all groups were evaluated at the end of tenth day. In the cisplatin group when compared to normal ovarian tissue total histopathological damage score increased (p=0.037), preantral follicle count decreased (p=0.003) and AMH levels decreased (p

The larynx-related adverse effects that depend on cisplatin decrease patient comfort and many antioxidants have been used to eliminate these side effects. We aimed to identify the laryngeal mucosal changes imposed by cisplatin and investigated whether antioxidants, and their healing effects on these changes, may help reduce laryngeal complications in patients resulting from adverse effects in the larynx. A rat model was designed to evaluate the effects of cisplatin on the larynx and the protective role of antioxidants. Single-dose cisplatin was given both intraperitoneally alone and additionally administered with p-coumaric acid, melatonin, resveratrol, vitamin D, and oleic acid over 5 days. Whole larynges were dissected and evaluated histologically, histochemically, and immunohistochemically. Varying degrees of mucosal changes cisplatin group, but neither erosion nor an ulcer was observed. Numerous variable histological effects of antioxidants were observed on cisplatin exposed laryngeal mucosa. The most obvious effects of cisplatin were edema. The results of the study showed that resveratrol was the most preventive antioxidant agent against cisplatin-dependent mucosal changes. The highest increase in the Ki67 index was in the oleic acid group. Vitamin D increased stromal cyclooxygenase-2 expression that may have an effect on increasing mucosal damage.

Objective: Our aim is to evaluate whether dehydroepiandrosterone has a protective effect on doxorubicin-induced ovarian damage.Methods: The rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 (the control Group): no treatment was administered. Intact ovarian tissue was removed, and blood samples were taken for the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) test. Group 2 (the doxorubicin Group): Rats received doxorubicin intraperitoneally at a single dose of 3 mg/kg. Group 3 (the doxorubicin + DHEA Group): Rats received doxorubicin intraperitoneally at a single dose of 3 mg/kg at baseline and DHEA subcutaneously for 10 days at a dose of 60 mg/kg daily. Rats in groups 2 and 3 were sacrificed at the end of 10 days, ovarian tissues were removed and blood samples were taken for AMH test.Results: While normal ovarian tissue damage scores were zero except hemorrhage, doxorubicin showed significant damage and histopathological changes in all rats. Doxorubicin and Doxorubicin + DHEA groups had higher edema, vascular congestion, cellular degeneration, and total damage scores than the normal ovarian group. The number of antral follicles and ovarian volume decreased in the doxorubicin group compared to the normal ovarian group (p = 0.011 and 0.002, respectively). In the doxorubicin + DHEA group, ovarian volume was similar to the normal ovary (p = 0.091), but the number of antral follicles was significantly lower in this group (p = 0.002). AMH values did not differ between the normal ovarian group and the other groups. Conclusions: It was concluded that DHEA was not effective in preventing ovarian damage caused by doxorubicin., Amaç : Amacımız, dehidroepiandrosteronun (DHEA) doksorubisine bağlı over hasarı üzerinde koruyucu bir etkisi olup olmadığını değerlendirmektir. Metod: Ratlar üç gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1 (kontrol grubu) tedavi uygulanmadı. Sağlam over dokusu çıkarıldı ve Anti-Mulleran Hormon (AMH) testi için kan örnekleri alındı. Grup 2 (doksorubisin grubu), ratlara 3 mg/kg'lık tek bir dozda intraperitonal yoldan doksorubisin verildi. Grup 3 (doksorubisin + DHEA grubu), ratlara intraperitonal yolla 3 mg/kg'lık tek bir dozda ve günde 60 mg / kg'lık bir dozda subcutan DHEA'ya ilaveten tek doz doz doksorubisin verildi. Grup 2 ve 3'teki ratların onuncu günün sonunda yumurtalık dokuları alındı ve AMH testi için kan örnekleri alındı. Bulgular: Normal over doku hasarı skorları kanama dışında sıfır olmakla birlikte, doksorubisin tüm deneklerde anlamlı hasar ve histopatolojik değişiklikler gösterdi. Doksorubisin ve Doksorubisin + DHEA gruplarında normal over grubundan daha yüksek ödem, vasküler konjesyon, hücresel dejenerasyon ve toplam hasar skorları vardı. Antral folikül sayısı ve yumurtalık hacmi doksorubisin grubunda normal over grubuna göre azaldı (sırasıyla p = 0.011 ve 0.002). Doksorubisin + DHEA grubundaki over hacmi, normal over hacmine benzerdi (p = 0.091), ancak antral folikül sayısı bu grupta anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü (p = 0.002). AMH değerleri normal over grubu ile diğer gruplar arasında farklılık göstermedi. Sonuç : DHEA'nın doksorubisinin neden olduğu over hasarını önlemede etkili olmadığı sonucuna varıldı.

Introduction:In our study we aimed to observe the protective effects of imatinib and ginkgo biloba (GB) on cisplatin (CP)- induced ovarian damage in rats.Methods:Thirty-two female rats were included and assigned to four groups. Group 1 had no medication. Their ovaries were removed for examination and the serum Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were measured. Group 2 received a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg intramuscular CP. Group 3 received a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg oral imatinib and 30 minutes later, a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg intramuscular CP was administered. Group 4 received 80 mg/kg oral GB for 10 days. Sixty minutes after the first administration of the GB, a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg intramuscular CP was administered. The ovaries and serum AMH levels of the rats were assessed after 10 days of observation.Results:Comparing group 1 and 2 showed that the total histopathological ovarian damage scores increased in the latter (p=0.044). This group also had decreased primordial follicles, preantral follicles and serum AMH (p=0.001, p=0.004 and p

The aim of this study is to determine the expression levels of GST isoenzymes in salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma from 26 patients. In this study, we investigated the immunohistochemical staining characteristics of the Glutathione-S-transferase alpha (GSTA-1), sigma (GSTS-1), theta (GSTT-1), kappa (GSTK-1), mu (GSTM-1), omega (GSTO-1) isoenzymes in tumor and surrounding tumor-free (normal) salivary gland tissues from 26 patients. For immunohistochemical studies, tissues were obtained from 26 patients with salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Tumor and control tissues of patients were compared according to their staining intensity. The correlations between GST expressions in PA tissue were analyzed by Spearman’s rho and the clinicopathological data were examined by Mann Whitney-U test and Spearman’s rho. Considering the differences in the expressions of GST isoenzymes between tumor tissues and normal tissues of the patients; No differences in GSTT1 and GSTS1 isoenzymes expression were found between tumor and normal tissues (p>0.05). GSTM1 and GSTO1 expression were significantly higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissue. However, GSTK1 and GSTA1 expressions were found to be significantly higher in the normal tissues of the patients compared to the tumor tissues. GSTM1 and GSTO1 expressions were increased in salivary gland PAs. These results should be confirmed with a larger series and different enzyme subtypes.

Objective: In this study, the effectiveness of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in preventing ischemia reperfusion injury associated with ovarian torsion have been investigated. Materials and Methods: Twenty four adult female Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. Ovaries were not twisted, and only healthy ovarian tissues were removed from the rats in the first group, while ovaries were twisted for 3 hours in the other groups. The second group did not receive any medications before the ovaries were untwisted, while 20 micromole/kg of CAPE was applied on peritoneal surface to the third group, and 60 mg/kg of DHEA was administered intraperitoneally to the fourth group. Results: The level of primordial follicles was higher in the third group compared to the second group after the torsion of the ovary (p=0.017). The mean level of primary follicles was higher in the first group compared to the number of follicles in the third and fourth groups after the torsion of the ovary (p

Objective: We aimed to investigate the effect of platelet‑rich plasma (PRP) derivatives, which can be produced from the patient’s blood and have minimal side effects, on endometriosis.Methods: To our knowledge, this is the first study in the literature that studies the relationship between PRP and endometriosis. Endometriosis foci were created in the first operation. In the second operation (30th day), four groups were formed wherein group 1 (n = 8) was administered saline, group 2 (n = 7) leukocyte and platelet‑rich plasma (L‑PRP), group 3 (n = 8) pure platelet‑rich plasma (P‑PRP) and group 4 (n = 10) was used to obtain PRP. In the last operation (60th day), the endometriotic foci was measured and then excised.Findings: There was no statistically significant difference between the pre and post volumes of the endometriotic foci, between their volume differences, and volume difference rates (P > 0.05). However, it was observed that existing implant volumes in all groups decreased statistically significantly within their groups by the end of the experiment compared to the previous volumes (P < 0.05).Conclusion: When the implants were assessed through histopathological scoring in terms of edema, vascular congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage, epithelial line, and hemosiderin accumulation, and immunohistochemical staining was assessed in terms of VEGF, there was no significant difference in the comparison between the groups. Although L‑PRP and P‑PRP generated more reduction in the endometriosis foci, they did not create any statistical differences. Key words: L‑Prp; P‑Prp; VEGF; endometriosis.

To determine the possible detrimental effects of multiple methotrexate doses has on the ovarian reserve and to determine the beneficial effects of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation. The rats (n:24) divided into three groups; Group 1: control group, Group 2: dehydroepiandrosterone and methotrexate group (6mg/kg dehydroepiandrosterone dissolved in 0.1 ml sesame seed oil subcutaneously for ten days and 1mg/kg intramuscular methotrexate at the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days) and Group 3: methotrexate group (1mg/kg intramuscular methotrexate at the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day). The groups compared in regards to their histopathological ovarian damage scores and AMH values. It established that multiple methotrexate applications had a considerable effect on reducing vascular congestion in the ovarian tissue. Both in groups 2 and 3 AMH values found to be significantly lower. When this decline in the ovarian reserve examined comparatively; while both the group 2 and 3 reported having a considerable and continuous reduction in the AMH levels correlative to the control group; the primordial, primary and total follicle counts shown to stay statistically the same in the group 2 (p

Introduction: Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1- activating transcription factor 1 (EWSR1-ATF1) fusion is mentioned as a diagnostic marker in favor of clear cell carcinoma in the differential diagnosis of clear cell neoplasms of salivary glands. However, in literature, its positivity is reported between 82% and 93%. In salivary glands, various benign and malignant primary tumors, as well as odontogenic neoplasms and metastatic cases, present with a varied number of clear cells. Clear cell carcinoma of the salivary gland is a rare entity with distinct histochemistry and immunohistochemistry features.Case Presentation: We present a clear cell carcinoma of the salivary gland showing cytoplasmic Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) (+), mucin (-) staining, cytokeratin (CK), CK7, and P63 immunoreactivity without EWSR1-ATF1 fusion. Conclusions: We conclude that clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical analyses should be the guide for diagnosis even though molecular analysis does not support it.

Our aim was to investigate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) derivatives, which can be produced from the patient’s own blood and have minimal side effects, on endometriosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in the literature that studies the relationship between PRP and endometriosis. Endometriosis foci were created in the first operation. In the second operation (30th day) groups were formed. Group 1 (n= 8) was administered saline, group 2 (n= 7) leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP), and group 3 (n= 8) pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP). Group 4 (n= 10) was used to obtain PRP. In the last operation (60th day), the endometriotic foci were measured, and then excised. There was no statistically significant difference between the pre and post volumes of the endometriotic foci, between their volume differences and volume difference rates (p > .05). However, it was observed that existing implant volumes in all groups decreased statistically significantly within their own groups by the end of the experiment compared to the previous volumes (p < .05). When the implants were assessed through histopathological scoring in terms of edema, vascular congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage, epithelial line, and hemosiderin accumulation and immunohistochemical staining in terms of VEGF, there was no significant difference in the comparison between the groups. Although L-PRP and P-PRP generated more reduction in the endometriosis foci, they did not create any statistical differences.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil in treatment for ischemia/ reperfusion injury which is created experimentally in rat ovaries. Material and methods: For this study, 30 female Wistar albino rats were used, and the rats were separated randomly into five groups consisting of six rats each: normal, torsion-detorsion, torsion-detorsion + sildenafil 1.4 mg/kg, torsion-detorsion + vardenafil 1.7 mg/kg and torsion-detorsion + tadalafil 5.0 mg/kg. The agents were given intraperitoneally 30 minutes before detorsion. An ovarian torsion procedure was implemented in all other groups for 3 hours with the exception of the normal group. Then, a detorsion procedure was implemented to the groups for 3 hours. Results: The sildenafil and vardenafil treatments showed protective effect by preventing significant increase in inflammation parameters. (p = 0.058, 0.138). The tadalafil treatment was only protective for cellular degeneration (p = 0.140). The vardenafil treatment was protective for edema (p = 0.238), vascular congestion (p = 0.111), inflammation (p = 0.138) and cellular degeneration (p = 0.532). Sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil inhibited the increase of atretic follicle. AMH levels were statistically different between torsion and detorsion and vardenafil group (p = 0.004, 0.004), whereas tadalafil and sildenafil groups were similar to normal group (p = 0.108, 0.108). Conclusions: PDE inhibitors were found to be effective in reducing ovarian ischemia/reperfusion injury. Sildenafil and tadalafil seem to be more effective than the vardenafil in protecting the ovarian reserve.

Ya z›fl ma Ad re si/Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce: Dr. Fehmi Narter, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi, Uroloji Klinigi, Istanbul, Turkiye E-mail: fehminarter66@gmail.com Ge lis Ta ri hi/Re cei ved: 20.06.2016 Ka bul Ta ri hi/Ac cep ted: 05.09.2016 © Uroonkoloji Bulteni, Ga le nos Ya yi ne vi ta ra fin dan ba sil mis tir. Bu makale “Creative Commons Alinti-Gayriticari-Turetilemez 4.0 Uluslararasi Lisansi (CC BY-NC 4.0)” ile lisanslanmistir. Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the presence and thickness of pseudocapsule after partial nephrectomy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cases. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients who were admitted to our clinic and diagnosed with RCC were included in the study. Histopathological specimens of the patients who underwent partial nephrectomy were re-evaluated retrospectively. Results: The histopathological results revealed pseudocapsule in 87 cases (87%, median thickness: 0.708 mm). Pseudocapsule median thickness was noted respectively 0.483, 0.691, 0.737, 0.954 mm in Fuhrman Grade 0, 1, 2, 3/4 groups (p

Background: Smoking is a well-known predisposing factor for pathological changes in oral tissues. Epithelial proliferation due to smoking is caused by the increased expression and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is a protooncogen. Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression and intensity and the incidence of histologically diagnosed cystic changes in asymptomatic impacted lower third molar (ILTM) follicles of smoking and non-smoking patients. Materials and Methods: A hundred dental follicles obtained from asymptomatic ILTMs were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically using antibody against EGFR. After initial microscopic analyses, 18 specimens were excluded from the study because of lack of epithelium. The final EGFR expression intensity score of samples was determined by multiplying the percentage of positively stained cells by the staining intensity. Results: Cystic changes were detected with microscopic evaluation. In the smoking group, the relation between EGFR scores and cystic changes were found statistically significant (p

Bu araştırmanın amacı lise 9. ve 10. sınıfa devam eden ergenlik dönemindeki öğrencilerin akran ilişkileri, öznel iyi oluş ve bağlanma stilleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Çalışma, iki veya daha çok değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamayı amaçlayan ilişkisel tarama desenine göre yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi Mersin ili Yenişehir ilçesine bağlı 4 lisenin 9. ve 10. sınıflarına devam eden 388 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Öznel İyi Oluş Ölçeği, Akran İlişkileri Ölçeği, İlişki Ölçekleri Anketi uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde bağlanma stilleri, akran ilişkileri ve öznel iyi oluş değişkenleri arasındaki ilişki Pearson Çarpım Momentler Korelasyon analizi ile incelenirken; demografik değişkenler açısından araştırma değişkenleri iki kategorili değişkenlerde parametrik olarak Bağımsız Gruplar t- Testi; üç ve daha fazla kategori için Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) tekniklerinden yararlanılmıştır.Analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde kız ergenlerin akran ilişkileri ölçeğinin kendini açma ve sadakat alt boyutlarından aldıkları puanların erkek ergenlere göre anlamlı bir şekilde daha yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Buna ek olarak çalışmada öznel iyi oluş ölçeğinden alınan puanların akran ilişkileri ölçeğinin bağlılık ile güven ve özdeşim alt boyutlarından aldıkları puanları arasında ilişki olduğu görülmektedir. Son olarak güvenli bağlanma alt boyutundan alınan puanları ile akran ilişkileri ölçeğinin akran bağlılığı, akran güveni ve kendini açma alt boyutları arasında pozitif yönde ilişki olduğu görülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ergen, Öznel İyi Oluş, Bağlanma, Akran İlişkileri The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between peer relationships, subjective well-being and attachment styles of adolescents in high school 9th and 10th grade. The study was conducted according to the relational survey design which aims to explain the relationship between two or more variables. The sample of the study consists of 388 students attending 9th and 10th grades of 4 high schools in Yenişehir, Mersin. Personal Information Form, Subjective Well-being Scale, Peer Relationship Scale and Relationship Scales Questionnaire were applied in the study. In the analysis of the data, the relationship between attachment styles, peer relationships and subjective well-being variables were examined by Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis; In terms of demographic variables, the variables of the research were parametric Independent Groups t-Test; One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques were used for three and more categories.When the results of the analysis are examined, it is seen that the scores obtained from the self-disclosure and loyalty subscales of the female adolescents were significantly higher than the male adolescents. In addition to this, it is seen that the scores obtained from subjective well-being scale are related to the scores of the peer relationship scale from the commitment and trust and identification sub-dimensions. Finally, it is seen that there is a positive relationship between the scores obtained from the secure attachment sub-dimension and the peer loyalty, peer trust and self-disclosure sub-dimensions of the peer relationship scale.Keywords: Adolescent, Subjective well-being, Attachment, Peer Relation 90

Background/aims This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and plasma and tissue ghrelin levels. Materials and methods Patients who had undergone gastroscopy procedure for any reason previously were enrolled in the study. Among these, patients with IBS symptoms were evaluated according to the Roma III criteria. The healthy control group comprised patients with no IBS symptom and had undergone gastroscopy procedure for another reason. The plasma ghrelin level and tissue ghrelin level obtained by immunohistochemical examination of biopsy specimens taken from the gastric antrum and corpus were evaluated in all participants. Results The mean age of 90 participants was 43.64}12.64 years. The median value of the plasma ghrelin level was 3.29 (1.2-12.7) in the diarrhea group (IBS-D), 1.49 (0.82-7.08) in the constipation group (IBS-C), and 1.5 (0.2-3.7) in the control group. The plasma ghrelin levels between the groups were found to be significantly higher in IBS-D than in IBS-C and the control groups (p=0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). On comparing antral mucosal gland biopsy outcomes among the groups, staining intensity score was found to be significantly high in IBS-C as compared with the control group, whereas no significant difference was observed between IBS-D and the control groups (p=0.020 and p=0.429, respectively). Conclusion The plasma ghrelin level in IBS-D and the staining intensity in the antral mucosal gland in IBS-C were found to be significantly higher. In addition, there was no difference between the groups in terms of ghrelin staining intensity in the gastric corpus.

INTRODUCTION[|]The aim of the present study was to determine the density of nerve fibers in the functional layer of the endometrium in patients with endometriosis in order to determine if it could be used as a minimally invasive diagnostic method for endometriosis. A secondary goal was to assess the relationship between the severity of pelvic pain due to endometriosis and the density of nerve fibers in endometrial sampling materials.[¤]METHODS[|]Endometrial sampling was performed in 67 patients who presented at the hospital between August 2011 and November 2012. Endometriosis was diagnosed by surgical histopathological examination. A total of 34 patients diagnosed with endometriosis were selected as the study group. Thirty-three patients who were operated on for benign conditions other than endometriosis were selected as a control group. Immunohistochemical detection of the nerve fiber marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) was used to analyze the endometrial samples for nerve fibers. Visual Analogue Scale scores were used to evaluate the correlation between nerve fiber density and the severity of pelvic pain. Statistical analyses were calculated with SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).[¤]RESULTS[|]The mean density of nerve fibers was 1.85+-1.74 fibers/mm2 in the endometriosis group. In the control group, the mean density was 1.15+-1.48 fibers/mm2. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.08). The pelvic pain score did not correlate with PGP 9.5 intensity. [¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]The detection and measurement of nerve fibers in the eutopic endometrium using the PGP 9.5 marker was not found to be a decisive noninvasive method to diagnose endometriosis.[¤]

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the herbal agent in the prevention and treatment of bacterial cystitis in a rat model. Material and Methods: A total of twenty-eight male Sprague- Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Group-1 constituted the control group (operated and normal saline injected into the bladder, received only drinking water for 7 days); Group-2 constituted the no-treatment group (operated, E.coli J96 strain injected into the bladder, received only drinking water for 7 days); Group-3 constituted the short-term treatment (operated, E.coli J96 strain injected into the bladder, received the herbal agent added into drinking water for 7 days) and Group-4 constituted the long-term treatment (operated, E. coli J96 strain injected into the bladder, received herbal agent added into drinking water for 14 days). At the end of the pre-defined treatment periods of duration, the rats were sacrificed, urine samples collected from the bladder for culture and bladders were harvested for histopathological evaluation. Urine culture results and histopathological findings were comparatively evaluated between the groups. Results: Urine cultures were positive for implanted E. coli strains in 0%, 85.7%, 42.8% and 0% of rats in Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4, respectively (p = 0.001). Although histopathological evaluation revealed increased vascular dilation in the bladder specimens obtained from Group 2 and Group 3 (p = 0.028) no significant difference was noticed in level of inflammation (p = 0.610), edema (p = 0.754) and thickness of uroepithelium (p = 0.138). Conclusion: While long term (14 days) treatment with an herbal agent added into the drinking water resulted in complete clearance of urine from E. coli; shorter application of the agent revealed partial clearance. Further clinical studies are needed to support our results.

Glomus tumor is a vascular tumor that originates from glomus body. It is typically seen in young adults and localized in distal extremities and nail beds. It often presents with stuffiness, rhinorrhea and pain. Glomus tumor is rare in the head and neck region. A 79 year-old-male who presented with stuffiness and ear congestion, was found to have a mass located in the posterior of the nasal cavity on rhinoscopic examination. Macroscopically, the excisional biopsy of the mass had an irregular surface and hyperemia. Pathology of the biopsy showed that the lesion consisted vascular structures, which were surrounded by solid epithelioid, acidophilic and smooth muscle actin positive cells. The case was diagnosed as nasal glomus tumor.

Congenital nasal midline lesions are rarely observed pathologies. While relatively frequently encountered lesions are dermoid cyst, glioma, encephalocele, nasal polyp and epidermoid cyst, an other very rare reason is the congenital panfollicular nevus. The treatment of this syndrome appearing with a recurrent discharge in clinic is the surgical excision. We will hereby present the excision of the case of congenital panfollicular nevus with three different fistula openings.

OBJECTIVE Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used in cancer treatment. Numerous side effects have been detected, one of which is ototoxicity. Melatonin, a product of the pineal gland, has a neuroendocrinoimmunological role in vertebrates. In the present study, we investigated the effects of melatonin on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 was administered both intraperitoneal and transtympanic saline; Group 2, 12 mg/kg of intraperitoneal single-dose cisplatin and transtympanic saline; and Group 3, 12 mg/kg of intraperitoneal single-dose cisplatin and 0.1 mg/mL of transtympanic melatonin for 5 days. Before and after the procedure, distortion product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses of all the rats were measured. At the end of the procedure, the cochleas of the rats were investigated at the microscopic level. RESULTS Group 3 had lesser threshold shift in otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses at all frequencies than Group 2 (p

Objectives: Osseous dysplasias are the most common subtype of fibro-osseous lesions of the maxillofacial bones. They are benign and often present as incidental asymptomatic lesions. Diagnosis can be made with clinical and radiographic examination. Case report: This article reports the case of a 47-year-old man with a huge cementifying osseous dysplasia of the maxilla that presented with secondary infection after teeth extraction and repair of oroantral fistula. A subtotal maxillectomy had to be done after conservative treatment failed to resolve the infection. Discussion/Conclusion: Biopsy, tooth extraction or surgical trauma to the affected bones of osseous dysplasia could easily lead to severe secondary infection, the treatment of which may be very difficult, and thus should be avoided if possible.

Giriş ve amaç: Acil servise karın ağrısı ile başvuran hastaların bir kısmında, rutin radyolojik ve laboratuvar testleri ile akut pankreatit teşhis edilememektedir. Bu çalışmada, akut pankreatit tanısında serum elastazın duyarlılığı araştırılmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem: Acil servise karın ağrısı ile başvuran, tanı almadan önce karın ağrısı kendiliğinden iyileşen, aynı zamanda radyolojik ve laboratuvar bulguları normal olan 80 hastanın serum elastaz düzeyine bakılmıştır. Bulgular: Laboratuvar sonuçları ve USG bulguları normal olan 2 olguda, elastaz düzeyi yüksek bulunmuştur. Bu olgular daha sonra pankreatit bulguları göstermiş ve hastaneye yatırılmıştır. Sonuç: Serum pankreatik elastaz, acil serviste akut pankreatit tanısında diğer laboratuvar testlerinden daha özgül ve duyarlı olabilir., Background/aim: Some patients admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) for abdominal pain secondary to acute pancreatitis cannot be diagnosed with routine radiologic and laboratory tests. We investigated the sensitivity of serum elastase in diagnosing acute pancreatitis. Materials and methods: We investigated serum elastase levels in 80 patients that were admitted to the ED with abdominal pain that resolved spontaneously before a diagnosis could be made and who also had normal radiological and laboratory findings. Results: Two cases had elevated elastase levels with normal USG and laboratory results. These cases later showed signs of pancreatitis and were hospitalized. Conclusion: Serum pancreatic elastase can be more sensitive and specific than the other laboratory tests for acute pancreatitis in the ED.

OBJECTIVE Head and neck cancers account for 17.6% of all malignant neoplasms. Data on the incidence of head and neck cancers and histological subtypes in Turkey are limited. This study aimed to provide an overview of statistics for head and neck cancers. MATERIAL AND METHOD This retrospective and descriptive study included 1973 cases of in-situ carcinomas, malignant and borderline neoplasia from the head and neck region in a period of 5 years, diagnosed at Dr.Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital's Department of Pathology. Demographic data of patients and data from histopathological report were recorded. The topography of all tumours was coded according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 2nd and 3rd edition and histological and behavioral codes were given according to ICD-O-3. Data was entered and analyzed using Microsoft Excel™, version 2010. RESULTS Male and female ratio was 1.03 for head and neck cancers. The most common sites for males were described as the ratio in head and neck cancers and all malignant tumours as follows: the skin (non-melanoma) (48.4%-8.2%), the larynx (12.6%-2.3%), the thyroid (11.1%-1.2%), the lips (7.8%-1.3%), and the nasopharynx (3.1%-0.5%). The most common sites for females were as follows: the thyroid (45.3%-8.3%), the skin (non-melanoma) (39.6%-7.3%), the lips (3.6%-0.6%), the nasopharynx (2.2%-0.4%) and the eye (1.7%-0.3%). The male: female ratio was 25.2 for larynx cancers. The most common histological types and rates for males and females were also given. CONCLUSION This descriptive epidemiological pathology-based cancer incidence study has relative value for describing head and neck cancer incidences in the Istanbul region and shown that pathology report-based descriptive epidemiological studies are still valuable for determination of the regional distribution of cancer incidence out of the active cancer registration regions.

Trihcofolliculoma is an uncommon, benign hamartomatous neoplasm of the hair fol - licle, most commonly occurring in the head and neck region of the adults. It tends to locate on the face and scalp. Other rare sites of occurrence include vulva, eyelid and upper lip. Clinically, the le - sions are small, range from 0.2 to 0.5 cm in diameter, and appear as whitish-red or pearly papules or as smooth nodules, sometimes with a central pore containing wool-like wisps of immature hair. External auditory canal is an extremely rare localization of trichofolliculoma, and to the best of our knowledge, only three cases have been reported in the literature until now. In this report, we pre - sented an unusual case of trichofolliculoma localized in the external auditory canal leading to hear - ing loss. In this case, surgical excision was enough to treat external auditory canal mass which was a trichofolliculoma.

Aim Lumbar epidural fibrosis is increasingly recognized as a cause of persistent back pain. The aim of this study was to examine the effect Ankaferd Blood Stopper on epidural fibrosis following laminectomy in rat models. Material and methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly allocated to 2 groups of 10 each. The dura mater and nerve root were exposed after L1 unilateral laminectomy. Close attention was paid not to traumatize the dura, the nerve roots, or the dissected muscles. Immediate muscle and skin closure was made in sham group. In the Ankaferd Blood Stopper group, cotton wool soaked with 1 mL Ankaferd Blood Stopper was applied to the exposure site for 5 minutes, and muscle and skin closure was then made. Histological analysis was performed at four weeks postoperatively. Results Epidural fibrosis formation evaluation and fibroblastic activity evaluation revealed that there was a significant difference between the sham and the Ankaferd Blood Stopper treated groups (p = 0.011, p = 0.009). Severe epidural adhesions were observed in the Ankaferd Blood Stopper group. Dissection of these epidural adhesions was difficult and accompanied by bleeding and disruption of the dura mater. Conclusion The results of this study showed that there was no positive effect of Ankaferd Blood Stopper on the prevention of epidural fibrosis, which is one of the most significant problems following spinal surgery, and the epidural fibrosis actually increased.

Cutaneous angiosarcoma is an uncommon, potentially metastatic and highly aggressive vascular tumor that may arise as de novo or be associated with previous radiotherapy. A 70-year-old female with a solitary lesion on the nose was initially diagnosed as actinic keratosis. However, when the recurring lesion at the same region within 6 months was reexcised, the histological diagnosis was definitively established as well-differentiated angiosarcoma. This case was presented in order to increase awareness of this rare malignancy in an uncommon localisation, especially in the light of pathological findings. Moreover, occurrence of cutaneous angiosarcoma within a short period following a previous excision in a patient with a history of multiple nonmelanoma skin cancers was interestingly pointed out. _______________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: angiosarcoma; face; nonmelanoma skin cancers. _______________________________________________________________________________________

Childhood lichen planus is generally atypical in appearance, prolonged in duration and resistant to therapy. Moreover, the risk in administration of systemic drugs because of several adverse effects limits their use and effective therapy remains a problem in this age group. We report a case of generalized lichen planus in a nine-year-old boy with oral mucosa and nail involvement who was treated with dapsone.