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Amaç: Türkiye’nin doğusunda yaşayan hastaların radyolojik görüntüleme yöntemleri hakkındaki bilgi düzeyini belirlemek.Gereç ve Yöntem: Yerel hastane etik kurul onayının alınmasının ardından Mart-Haziran 2018 tarihleri arasında Radyoloji Bölümüne ultrasonografi (USG), bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) tetkiki için yönlendirilen 18-72 yaş aralığındaki 797 hastaya, radyolojik görüntüleme ile ilgili düzenlenen anket formları uygulandı. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 22.0 programında analiz edildi.Bulgular: Tanısal görüntüleme amacıyla radyoloji birimine başvuran ve anket formu uygulanan hasta sayıları USG, BT ve MRG için sırasıyla 332, 215 ve 250 idi. Hastalar arasında USG hakkındaki farkındalık, BT ve MRG’ye oranla daha fazla idi. Doğru ya da yanlış cevaplamaya etki eden en önemli prediktif faktörün eğitim düzeyi ve erkek cinsiyet olduğu görüldü (sırasıyla p değerleri p:0.001, p:0.024). BT çekilen hastaların %50’den fazlası incelemenin radyasyon içerdiğinin ve radyasyonun vücuda zararlı olduğunun bilincindeydi. BT ve MRG çekilen hastalarda en çok yanlış cevap verilen madde, incelemeyi yapacak kişinin bilinmemesi oldu.Sonuç: Çalışmamızda elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında insan sağlığı açısından az da olsa tehlike arz edebilecek herhangi bir radyolojik görüntüleme ya da tıbbi uygulamadan önce hastaların işlem hakkında bilgilendirilerek hasta düzeyinde görsel ya da işitsel eğitimlerle toplumsal düzeyde farkındalığın arttırılması gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz., Objective: To determine the level of knowledge about radiological imaging of patients in Eastern Turkey.Materials and Methods: After obtaining the local hospital ethics committee approval, between March and June 2018, 797 patients between the ages of 18-72 who were referred to the radiology department for ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included to the study. A questionnaire forms related to radiological imaging and personel information were applied. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 10.0 program.Results: The number of patients who applied to the radiology unit for diagnostic imaging was 332, 215 and 250 for USG, CT and MRI, respectively. The awareness to USG was higher among the patients compared to CT and MRI. It was observed that the most important predictive factor affecting correct or incorrect answers was education level and male gender (p: 0.001, p: 0.024, respectively). More than 50% of patients who underwent CT were aware that the examination included radiation and that radiation was harmful to the body. The most wrong answer in patients who underwent CT and MRI was not knowing the person who would perform the examination.Conclusion: In the light of the results obtained in our study, we think that patients should be informed about the procedure before any radiological imaging or medical application that may pose a danger to human health, and awareness should be increased at the patient level with continuous visual or auditory training.

Objective: To investigate the imaging properties of mammographically suspicious microcalcifications (MC) that can be detected by ultrasonography (USG). Methods: Cases with suspected MC in categories 4 and 5 according to the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) in screening mammography between June 2019 and January 2021 were included in the study. The patients were scanned with USG. USG guided core needle biopsy was performed for those whose MC area could be detected by USG and evaluated histopathologically. Mammographic features of MCs [morphological type (fine pleomorphic, amorphic, coarse heterogeneous, fine linear pleomorphic branching)], distribution (clustered, regional, segmental, diffuse, linear) and BI-RADS (4A, 4B, 4C, 5) category was determined. Other findings accompanying MC areas on mammography and USG were recorded. Results: The mean age of 43 patients included in the study was 45.27 +/- 8.58 (30-84). 48.8% (n=21) of the calcifications were fine pleomorphic, 30% (n=13) amorphous, 16% (n=7) coarse heterogeneous, 4.6% (n=2) fine pleomorphic branching type. While 70% (n=30) of the patients had asymmetrical density accompanying MCs on mammography, parenchymal distortion was found in 12% (n=5); on USG, hypoechoic area was found in 58% (n=25) of the patients, irregular ductal ectasia in 19% (n=8), parenchymal distortion in 9% (n=4), and 10% (n=4) microcyst cluster were accompanying pathologies. As a result of the histopathological evaluation, 42% of the patients had benign histopathology (n=18), 16% had ductal carcinoma in situ (n=7), and 42% (n=18) had invasive ductal cancer. Conclusion: In our study, the distinctive features of BI-RADS 4 and 5 MCs that can be followed by USG were evaluated. Although MCs that can be detected on USG are more likely to be malignant than benign ones, fine pleomorphic MC areas can be observed most frequently. Knowing the features of mammographic suspected MCs on USG will be helpful in daily radiology practice and biopsy planning.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between chest computed tomography (CT) scores and inflammatory markers in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A total of 259 patients who were confirmed to be COVID-19 positive with polymerase chain reaction test and CT findings, between 20 March and 30 May 2020, were included in our study. The patients were divided into two groups as critical and moderate according to their clinical conditions. CT findings, complete blood account and C-reactive protein (CRP) were recorded and statistically analysed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted in terms of CT scores, white blood cells, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and CRP for the patients in the moderate and critical groups. Results: CT scores (p

Objective: This study aimed to introduce an alternative pre-biopsy confirmation technique that combines sonography-guided intra-lesional contrast injections and single non-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequence in order to identify sonographic correlates of incidentally detected breast MRI lesions which were occult on primary ultrasonography (USG) and mammography examination. Materials and Methods: From May 2014 through May 2015, a total of 37 incidental breast lesions of 37 patients, which were detected by breast MRI, were evaluated with targeted second look ultrasound (SLUS). The suspected lesion on USG was marked with a gadolinium-based contrast agent under USG guidance. After a single non-enhanced T1 weighted control MR sequence, positively correlated lesions with initial MRI were sampled by USG guided core biopsy. Results: Of the 37 lesions evaluated, 32 (86%) lesions showed a correlation between MRI and SLUS findings. On SLUS core biopsy, there were eight (25%) malignant and 11 (34.4%) high-risk lesions among these 32 cases with correlated MRI findings; while the remaining 13 (40.6%) cases had benign histopathology. Eleven (34.4%) of the SLUS-discovered lesions were focus, 11 (34.4%) were non-mass enhancements, and the remaining 10 (31.2%) were mass lesions. Of the five lesions (13.5%) that showed no correlations on MRI and SLUS examinations, four were non-mass enhancements and one was focus. Conclusion: SLUS represents a method for identifying MRI-detected lesions and provides a bridge to ultrasound-guided biopsy for histopathological diagnosis. There is a need for confirmation of biopsies to avoid false negative results. We describe a cheap, safe, and easy-to-apply USG-guided pre-biopsy lesions marking method in order to ensure definite correlation.

The clinical presentation of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is frequently associated with the involvement of the abdomen and mediastinal lymphadenopathies, but rarely the kidney, ovaries, and testicles. Here, we report a rare case of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) presenting with bilateral nephromegaly without acute renal failure (ARF) as the first manifestation. A 30-month-old boy was admitted to the department of pediatric nephrology exhibiting abdominal distension. Physical examination revealed bilateral renal palpation up to the inguinal region. Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were detected in his blood. Bilateral diffuse enlarged kidneys with increased hypoechogenicity were found on abdominal ultrasonography. In the next step, contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed diffusely enlarged kidneys, which were compressing the intestinal bowels and midline structures. Renal biopsy demonstrated precursor T-LBL. We wish to report our patient with renal T-LBL presenting with diffuse renal enlargement, which has rarely been reported in the literature.

Amaç: Shear Wave Elastografi (SWE), sonografinin yanında doku elastisitesi ile ilişkili kantitatif bilgi sağlayabilen bir modalitedir. Lizil oksidaz (LOX) enzimi de ekstrasellüler matrikste kollajen çapraz bağlarını düzenleyerek doku elastisitesini etkileyen bir enzimdir. Çalışmamızda meme kanseri açısından BIRADS kriterlerine göre yüksek şüpheli lezyonu bulunan hastalarda lezyonların LOX, LOXL1 ve LOXL2 ekspresyon değeri ile SWE değerleri arasındaki korelasyonun araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Materyal- Metod: Çalışmaya BIRADS 5 lezyonu bulunan yaşları 36 ile 70 arasında değişmekte olan (ortalama 49,57±9,59) 30 kişilik hasta grubu ve redüksiyon mamoplasti uygulanan, 17 kişilik kontrol grubu dahil edildi. Lezyonlar SWE ile değerlendirilerek Emean kPa, Emax kPa, SWE-SD ve SWE- ratio değerleri elde edildi. Ardından lezyonun perifer ve santral kesiminden genetik ve histopatolojik değerlendirme için ultrasonografi eşliğinde tru-cut biyopsi işlemi uygulandı. Lezyonların enzim ekspresyonu düzeyi ile SWE parametreleri arasındaki korelasyon istatistiksel açıdan değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Meme kanseri olguları ile kontrol grubu bireyler arasında LOX, LOXL2 değerleri açısından anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Meme kanseri olgularında LOXL1 santral değerleri kontrol grubundan anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu saptandı (p:0,022). SWE değerleri ile LOX, LOXL1 ve LOXL2 değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı. Aksiller metastaz olan olguların SWE-ratio değerlerinin aksiller metastaz olmayan olguların değerlerinden (p:0,048), uzak metastaz olan olguların Emean değerlerinin de uzak metastaz olmayan olguların değerlerinden anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu saptandı (p:0,022). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda lezyonların SWE değerleri ile tüm LOX ekspresyon düzeyleri arasında anlamlı korelasyon saptanamamıştır. Gelecekte daha fazla olgunun dahil edildiği prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Çalışmamızda SWE ile aksiller ve uzak metastaz arasında korelasyon saptanmış olup SWE'nin prognostik özellikleri vurgulanmıştır. Purpose: Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) is a noninvasive modality that can provide a quantitative information about tissue elasticity. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is an enzyme which is playing role in tissue elasticity by organising cross links between collogen fibers in extracellular matrix. The aim of our study is to investigate the correlation between SWE and LOX expression levels of highly suspicious breast lesions. Material and Metods: 30 patients who had BIRADS 5 breast lesions, ages ranged from 36 to 70 years and 17 control group who had reduction mammoplasty operation, were included to our study. Lesions're evaluated by SWE, Emean, Emax kPa, SWE-SD and SWE-ratio values were obtained. Afterwards, for genetic and histopathological examination ultrasound guided tru-cut biopsy was performed from the periferic and central parts of the lesions. Findings were evaluated for statistical correlations.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between LOX, LOXL2 gene expression levels in breast cancer and control group. LOXL1 central values were found to be significantly higher from control group (p = 0.022). There was no significant relationship between LOX, LOXL1, LOXL2 values and SWE parameters. SWE-ratios of patients with axillary metastasis is statistically significant higher from the cases without metastasis (p = 0.048). Distant metastasis was assosiated with statistically significantly higher Emean values (p = 0.022). Conclusion: No correlations found between LOX expression and SWE parameters in breast cancer patients. Although further prospective studies're needed. In this study, axillary and distant metastasis were found to be correlated with SWE features and this study emphasized the prognostic features of SWE. 90

Yüksek Lisans Tezi.YÖK Tez No:407558, Bu çalışmada, parçalanmış ailelerde anneleri ile beraber yaşayan çocukların anneleri tarafından kabul veya red edildiklerini algılama düzeyleri ile benlik saygıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmamıza Konya İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü'ne bağlı 15 İlköğretim Okulundan seçilen öğrenciler, Konya 1.2.3. ve 4. Aile Mahkemelerine intikal eden, 7-14 yaş arası velayeti anneye verilmiş çocuklar ve Dosteli Derneğinin yardım kapsamına giren ailelerin çocukları katılmıştır. 300 çocuğa ulaşma hedeflendiği halde veri toplamada karşılaşılan sıkıntılar ve çocukların bu konuda görüş bildirmekte isteksizlikleri nedeniyle 252 çocukla çalışma yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Ebeveyn Kabul Red Ölçeği/ Çocuk Kısa Formu, Coopersmith Özsaygı Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, çocuğun anne tarafından kabul olduğu algısı arttıkça özsaygı düzeyi de artmaktadır. Çocuğun red algısı arttıkça benlik saygısı düzeyi azalmaktadır. Çocukların Özsaygı Ölçeği puanları ile annenin çocuğu Kabul-Red Ölçeği alt boyutlarından sıcaklık ve sevgi alt boyutu puanları ile özsaygı puanları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu, saldırganlık- kin, ilgisizlik- ihmal ve ayrıştırılmamış reddetme alt boyutu puanları ile özsaygı puanı arasında negatif yönde anlamlı ilişki olduğu görülmektedir. Çocuğun anne Kabul-red algısı çocuğun benlik saygısı düzeyini %23 düzeyinde açıklamaktadır., To examine the detection of the maternal acceptance and rejection of the children of the broken families and it's effect on their self-esteem The purpose of this study, was to examine the level of acceptance or refusal in broken families, of mothers and children living with their mothers' and to investigate the relation of the development of their self-esteem. 15 primary schools were selected under the Konya Provincial Directorate of Education. Children between 7-14 years of age participated that were transferred from the first second, third and fourth Family court and who were granted custody to their mother and were children of families covered by the assistance of the Dosteli Association. The researcher aimed to reach 300 children however, due to the difficulties encountered in data collection, the study was conducted with 252 children largely for the reason that those children were reluctant to express their opinions. As a data collection tool, a Personal Information Form, the Parental Acceptance Rejection Scale / Children Short Form, and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory were adopted. The findings express that there was a positive relationship between children's Self-Esteem Scale scores and acceptance-rejection scale of mother's, under the subscale of warmth and love, whereas there was a significantly negative correlation between self-esteem and aggression- hatred, apathy-negligence and unsorted refuse subscale scores. Higher levels of child's perceived acceptance by their mother expressed higher levels of self-esteem. However, higher levels of perceived rejection expressed lower Self-esteem levels of the child. Children's perceptions of maternal acceptance-rejection describes the child's self-esteem levels of 23%.