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17 results on '"Karl, Johannes Alfons"'

5. The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: Cross-national measurement invariance and convergent validity evidence

Author

Jovanović, Veljko, Rudnev, Maksim, Abdelrahman, Mohamed, Kadir, Nor Ba'yah Abdul, Adebayo, Damilola Fisayo, Akaliyski, Plamen, Alaseel, Rana, Alkamali, Yousuf Abdulqader, Palacio, Luz Marina Alonso, Amin, Azzam, Andres, Andrii, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Avanesyan, Hrant M., Ayub, Norzihan, Bacikova-Sleskova, Maria, Baikanova, Raushan, Bakkar, Batoul, Bartoluci, Sunčica, Benitez, David, Bodnar, Ivanna, Bolatov, Aidos, Borchet, Judyta, Bosnar, Ksenija, Broche-Pérez, Yunier, Buzea, Carmen, Cassibba, Rosalinda, Grazioso, Maria del Pilar, Dhakal, Sandesh, Dimitrova, Radosveta, Dominguez, Alejandra, Duong, Cong Doanh, Thome, Luciana Dutra, Estavela, Arune Joao, Fayankinnu, Emmanuel Abiodun, Ferenczi, Nelli, Fernández-Morales, Regina, Gaete, Jorge, Friehs, Maria-Therese, Edine, Wassim Gharz, Gindi, Shahar, Giordani, Rubia Carla Formighieri, Gjoneska, Biljana, Godoy, Juan Carlos, Hancheva, Camellia Doncheva, Hapunda, Given, Hihara, Shogo, Islam, Md Saiful, Janovská, Anna, Javakhishvili, Nino, Kabir, Russell Sarwar, Kabunga, Amir, Karakulak, Arzu, Karl, Johannes Alfons, Katovic, Darko, Kauyzbay, Zhumaly, Kaźmierczak, Maria, Khanna, Richa, Khosla, Meetu, Kisaakye, Peter, Klicperova-Baker, Martina, Kokera, Richman, Kozina, Ana, Krauss, Steven E., Landabur, Rodrigo, Lefringhausen, Katharina, Lewandowska-Walter, Aleksandra, Liang, Yun-Hsia, Lizarzaburu-Aguinaga, , Danny, Lopez Steinmetz, Lorena Cecilia, Makashvili, Ana, Malik, Sadia, Manrique-Millones, Denisse, Martín-Carbonell, Marta, Mattar Yunes, Maria Angela, McGrath, Breeda, Mechili, Enkeleint A., Mejía Alvarez, Marinés, Mhizha, Samson, Michałek-Kwiecień, Justyna, Mishra, Sushanta Kumar, Mohammadi, Mahdi, Mohsen, Fatema, Moreta-Herrera, Rodrigo, Muradyan, Maria D., Musso, Pasquale, Naterer, Andrej, Nemat, Arash, Neto, Félix, Neto, Joana, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Orellana, Carlos Iván, Orellana, Ligia, Park, Joonha, Pavlova, Iuliia, Peralta, Eddy Alfonso, Petrytsa, Petro, Pilkauskaite Valickiene, Rasa, Pišot, Saša, Poláčková Šolcová, Iva, Prot, Franjo, Ristevska Dimitrovska, Gordana, Rivera, Rita M., Riyanti, Benedicta Prihatin Dwi, Saiful , Mohd Saiful Husain, Samekin, Adil, Seisembekov, Telman, Serapinas, Danielius, Sharafi, Zahra, Sharma, Prerna, Shukla, Shanu, Silletti, Fabiola, Skrzypińska, Katarzyna, Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Solomontos-Kountouri, Olga, Stanciu, Adrian, Ştefenel, Delia, Stogianni, Maria, Stuart, Jaimee, Sudarnoto, Laura Francisca, Sultana, Mst Sadia, Sulejmanovic, Dijana, Suryani, Angela Oktavia, Tair, Ergyul, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, Uka, Fitim, Welter Wendt, Guilherme, Yang, Pei-Jung, Yıldırım, Ebrar, Yu, Yue, Jovanović, Veljko, Rudnev, Maksim, Abdelrahman, Mohamed, Kadir, Nor Ba'yah Abdul, Adebayo, Damilola Fisayo, Akaliyski, Plamen, Alaseel, Rana, Alkamali, Yousuf Abdulqader, Palacio, Luz Marina Alonso, Amin, Azzam, Andres, Andrii, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Avanesyan, Hrant M., Ayub, Norzihan, Bacikova-Sleskova, Maria, Baikanova, Raushan, Bakkar, Batoul, Bartoluci, Sunčica, Benitez, David, Bodnar, Ivanna, Bolatov, Aidos, Borchet, Judyta, Bosnar, Ksenija, Broche-Pérez, Yunier, Buzea, Carmen, Cassibba, Rosalinda, Grazioso, Maria del Pilar, Dhakal, Sandesh, Dimitrova, Radosveta, Dominguez, Alejandra, Duong, Cong Doanh, Thome, Luciana Dutra, Estavela, Arune Joao, Fayankinnu, Emmanuel Abiodun, Ferenczi, Nelli, Fernández-Morales, Regina, Gaete, Jorge, Friehs, Maria-Therese, Edine, Wassim Gharz, Gindi, Shahar, Giordani, Rubia Carla Formighieri, Gjoneska, Biljana, Godoy, Juan Carlos, Hancheva, Camellia Doncheva, Hapunda, Given, Hihara, Shogo, Islam, Md Saiful, Janovská, Anna, Javakhishvili, Nino, Kabir, Russell Sarwar, Kabunga, Amir, Karakulak, Arzu, Karl, Johannes Alfons, Katovic, Darko, Kauyzbay, Zhumaly, Kaźmierczak, Maria, Khanna, Richa, Khosla, Meetu, Kisaakye, Peter, Klicperova-Baker, Martina, Kokera, Richman, Kozina, Ana, Krauss, Steven E., Landabur, Rodrigo, Lefringhausen, Katharina, Lewandowska-Walter, Aleksandra, Liang, Yun-Hsia, Lizarzaburu-Aguinaga, , Danny, Lopez Steinmetz, Lorena Cecilia, Makashvili, Ana, Malik, Sadia, Manrique-Millones, Denisse, Martín-Carbonell, Marta, Mattar Yunes, Maria Angela, McGrath, Breeda, Mechili, Enkeleint A., Mejía Alvarez, Marinés, Mhizha, Samson, Michałek-Kwiecień, Justyna, Mishra, Sushanta Kumar, Mohammadi, Mahdi, Mohsen, Fatema, Moreta-Herrera, Rodrigo, Muradyan, Maria D., Musso, Pasquale, Naterer, Andrej, Nemat, Arash, Neto, Félix, Neto, Joana, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Orellana, Carlos Iván, Orellana, Ligia, Park, Joonha, Pavlova, Iuliia, Peralta, Eddy Alfonso, Petrytsa, Petro, Pilkauskaite Valickiene, Rasa, Pišot, Saša, Poláčková Šolcová, Iva, Prot, Franjo, Ristevska Dimitrovska, Gordana, Rivera, Rita M., Riyanti, Benedicta Prihatin Dwi, Saiful , Mohd Saiful Husain, Samekin, Adil, Seisembekov, Telman, Serapinas, Danielius, Sharafi, Zahra, Sharma, Prerna, Shukla, Shanu, Silletti, Fabiola, Skrzypińska, Katarzyna, Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Solomontos-Kountouri, Olga, Stanciu, Adrian, Ştefenel, Delia, Stogianni, Maria, Stuart, Jaimee, Sudarnoto, Laura Francisca, Sultana, Mst Sadia, Sulejmanovic, Dijana, Suryani, Angela Oktavia, Tair, Ergyul, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, Uka, Fitim, Welter Wendt, Guilherme, Yang, Pei-Jung, Yıldırım, Ebrar, and Yu, Yue

Abstract

Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a widely used measure that captures somatic symptoms of coronavirus-related anxiety. In a large-scale collaboration spanning 60 countries (Ntotal = 21,513), we examined the CAS’s measurement invariance and assessed the convergent validity of CAS scores in relation to the fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) and the satisfaction with life (SWLS-3) scales. We utilized both conventional exact invariance tests and alignment procedures, with results revealing that the single-factor model fit the data well in almost all countries. Partial scalar invariance was supported in a subset of 56 countries. To ensure the robustness of results, given the unbalanced samples, we employed resampling techniques both with and without replacement and found the results were more stable in larger samples. The alignment procedure demonstrated a high degree of measurement invariance with 9% of the parameters exhibiting non-invariance. We also conducted simulations of alignment using the parameters estimated in the current model. Findings demonstrated reliability of the means but indicated challenges in estimating the latent variances. Strong positive correlations between CAS and FCV-19S estimated with all three different approaches were found in most countries. Correlations of CAS and SWLS-3 were weak and negative but significantly differed from zero in several countries. Overall, the study provided support for the measurement invariance of the CAS and offered evidence of its convergent validity while also highlighting issues with variance estimation.

Published
2023

6. On the relationship between valence and arousal in samples across the globe

Author

Yik, M., Mues, C., Sze, I.N.L., Kuppens, P., Tuerlinckx, F., de Roover, K., Kwok, F.H.C., Schwartz, S.H., Abu-Hilal, M., Adebayo, D.F., Aguilar, P., Al-Bahrani, M., Anderson, M.H., Andrade, L., Bratko, D., Bushina, E., Choi, J.W., Cieciuch, J., Dru, V., Evers, U., Fischer, R., Florez, I.A., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Gari, Aikaterini, Graf, Sylvie, Halama, Peter, Halberstadt, Jamin, Halim, Magdalena S, Heilman, Renata M, Hřebíčková, Martina, Karl, Johannes Alfons, Knežević, Goran, Kohút, Michal, Kolnes, Martin, Lazarević, Ljiljana B, Lebedeva, Nadezhda, Lee, Julie, Lee, Young-Ho, Liu, Chunquan, Mannerström, Rasmus, Marušić, Iris, Nansubuga, Florence, Ojedokun, Oluyinka, Park, Joonha, Platt, Tracey, Proyer, René T, Realo, Anu, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Ruch, Willibald, Ruiz, Desiree, Sortheix, Florencia M, Stahlmann, Alexander Georg, Stojanov, Ana, Strus, Włodzimierz, Tamir, Maya, Torres, Cláudio, Trujillo, Angela, Truong, Thi Khanh Ha, Utsugi, Akira, Vecchione, Michele, Wang, Lei, Russell, James A, Yik, M., Mues, C., Sze, I.N.L., Kuppens, P., Tuerlinckx, F., de Roover, K., Kwok, F.H.C., Schwartz, S.H., Abu-Hilal, M., Adebayo, D.F., Aguilar, P., Al-Bahrani, M., Anderson, M.H., Andrade, L., Bratko, D., Bushina, E., Choi, J.W., Cieciuch, J., Dru, V., Evers, U., Fischer, R., Florez, I.A., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Gari, Aikaterini, Graf, Sylvie, Halama, Peter, Halberstadt, Jamin, Halim, Magdalena S, Heilman, Renata M, Hřebíčková, Martina, Karl, Johannes Alfons, Knežević, Goran, Kohút, Michal, Kolnes, Martin, Lazarević, Ljiljana B, Lebedeva, Nadezhda, Lee, Julie, Lee, Young-Ho, Liu, Chunquan, Mannerström, Rasmus, Marušić, Iris, Nansubuga, Florence, Ojedokun, Oluyinka, Park, Joonha, Platt, Tracey, Proyer, René T, Realo, Anu, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Ruch, Willibald, Ruiz, Desiree, Sortheix, Florencia M, Stahlmann, Alexander Georg, Stojanov, Ana, Strus, Włodzimierz, Tamir, Maya, Torres, Cláudio, Trujillo, Angela, Truong, Thi Khanh Ha, Utsugi, Akira, Vecchione, Michele, Wang, Lei, and Russell, James A

Abstract

Affect is involved in many psychological phenomena, but a descriptive structure, long sought, has been elusive. Valence and arousal are fundamental, and a key question-the focus of the present study-is the relationship between them. Valence is sometimes thought to be independent of arousal, but, in some studies (representing too few societies in the world) arousal was found to vary with valence. One common finding is that arousal is lowest at neutral valence and increases with both positive and negative valence: a symmetric V-shaped relationship. In the study reported here of self-reported affect during a remembered moment ( N = 8,590), we tested the valence-arousal relationship in 33 societies with 25 different languages. The two most common hypotheses in the literature-independence and a symmetric V-shaped relationship-were not supported. With data of all samples pooled, arousal increased with positive but not negative valence. Valence accounted for between 5% (Finland) and 43% (China Beijing) of the variance in arousal. Although there is evidence for a structural relationship between the two, there is also a large amount of variability in this relation.

Published
2023

7. On the relationship between valence and arousal in samples across the globe

Author

Yik, Oi-yee Michelle, Mues, Chiel, Sze, Nga Lam, Kuppens, Peter, Tuerlinckx, Francis, De Roover, Kim, Kwok, Hoo Ching Felity, Schwartz, Shalom H., Abu-Hilal, Maher, Adebayo, Damilola Fisayo, Aguilar, Pilar, Al-Bahrani, Muna, Anderson, Marc H., Andrade, Laura, Bratko, Denis, Bushina, Ekaterina, Choi, Jeong Won, Cieciuch, Jan, Dru, Vincent, Evers, Uwana, Fischer, Ronald, Florez, Ivonne Andrea, Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B., Gari, Aikaterini, Graf, Sylvie, Halama, Peter, Halberstadt, Jamin, Halim, Magdalena S., Heilman, Renata M., Hřebíčková, Martina, Karl, Johannes Alfons, Knežević, Goran, Kohút, Michal, Kolnes, Martin, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Lebedeva, Nadezhda, Lee, Julie, Lee, Young-Ho, Liu, Chunquan, Mannerström, Rasmus, Marušić, Iris, Nansubuga, Florence, Ojedokun, Oluyinka, Park, Joonha, Platt, Tracey, Proyer, René T., Realo, Anu Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Ruch, Willibald, Ruiz, Desiree, Sortheix, Florencia M., Stahlmann, Alexander Georg, Stojanov, Ana, Strus, Włodzimierz, Tamir, Maya, Torres, Cláudio, Trujillo, Angela, Truong, Thi Khanh Ha, Utsugi, Akira, Vecchione, Michele, Wang, Lei, Russell, James A., Yik, Oi-yee Michelle, Mues, Chiel, Sze, Nga Lam, Kuppens, Peter, Tuerlinckx, Francis, De Roover, Kim, Kwok, Hoo Ching Felity, Schwartz, Shalom H., Abu-Hilal, Maher, Adebayo, Damilola Fisayo, Aguilar, Pilar, Al-Bahrani, Muna, Anderson, Marc H., Andrade, Laura, Bratko, Denis, Bushina, Ekaterina, Choi, Jeong Won, Cieciuch, Jan, Dru, Vincent, Evers, Uwana, Fischer, Ronald, Florez, Ivonne Andrea, Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B., Gari, Aikaterini, Graf, Sylvie, Halama, Peter, Halberstadt, Jamin, Halim, Magdalena S., Heilman, Renata M., Hřebíčková, Martina, Karl, Johannes Alfons, Knežević, Goran, Kohút, Michal, Kolnes, Martin, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Lebedeva, Nadezhda, Lee, Julie, Lee, Young-Ho, Liu, Chunquan, Mannerström, Rasmus, Marušić, Iris, Nansubuga, Florence, Ojedokun, Oluyinka, Park, Joonha, Platt, Tracey, Proyer, René T., Realo, Anu Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Ruch, Willibald, Ruiz, Desiree, Sortheix, Florencia M., Stahlmann, Alexander Georg, Stojanov, Ana, Strus, Włodzimierz, Tamir, Maya, Torres, Cláudio, Trujillo, Angela, Truong, Thi Khanh Ha, Utsugi, Akira, Vecchione, Michele, Wang, Lei, and Russell, James A.

Abstract

Affect is involved in many psychological phenomena, but a descriptive structure, long sought, has been elusive. Valence and arousal are fundamental, and a key question–the focus of the present study–is the relationship between them. Valence is sometimes thought to be independent of arousal, but, in some studies (representing too few societies in the world) arousal was found to vary with valence. One common finding is that arousal is lowest at neutral valence and increases with both positive and negative valence: a symmetric V-shaped relationship. In the study reported here of self-reported affect during a remembered moment (N = 8,590), we tested the valence-arousal relationship in 33 societies with 25 different languages. The two most common hypotheses in the literature–independence and a symmetric V-shaped relationship–were not supported. With data of all samples pooled, arousal increased with positive but not negative valence. Valence accounted for between 5% (Finland) and 43% (China Beijing) of the variance in arousal. Although there is evidence for a structural relationship between the two, there is also a large amount of variability in this relation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Published
2022

8. On the relationship between valence and arousal in samples across the globe

Author

Yik, Michelle, Mues, Chiel, Sze, Nga Lam, Kuppens, Peter, Tuerlinckx, Francis, De Roover, Kim, Kwok, Hoo Ching Felity, Schwartz, Shalom H., Abu-Hilal, Maher, Adebayo, Damilola Fisayo, Aguilar, Pilar, Al-Bahrani, Muna, Anderson, Marc H., Andrade, Laura, Bratko, Denis, Bushina, Ekaterina, Choi, Jeong Won, Cieciuch, Jan, Dru, Vincent, Evers, Uwana, Fischer, Ronald, Florez, Ivonne Andrea, Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B., Gari, Aikaterini, Graf, Sylvie, Halama, Peter, Halberstadt, Jamin, Halim, Magdalena S., Heilman, Renata M., Hřebíčková, Martina, Karl, Johannes Alfons, Knežević, Goran, Kohút, Michal, Kolnes, Martin, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Lebedeva, Nadezhda, Lee, Julie, Lee, Young-Ho, Liu, Chunquan, Mannerström, Rasmus, Marušić, Iris, Nansubuga, Florence, Ojedokun, Oluyinka, Park, Joonha, Platt, Tracey, Proyer, René T., Realo, Anu, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Ruch, Willibald, Ruiz, Desiree, Sortheix, Florencia M., Stahlmann, Alexander Georg, Stojanov, Ana, Strus, Włodzimierz, Tamir, Maya, Torres, Cláudio, Trujillo, Angela, Truong, Thi Khanh Ha, Utsugi, Akira, Vecchione, Michele, Wang, Lei, Russell, James A., Yik, Michelle, Mues, Chiel, Sze, Nga Lam, Kuppens, Peter, Tuerlinckx, Francis, De Roover, Kim, Kwok, Hoo Ching Felity, Schwartz, Shalom H., Abu-Hilal, Maher, Adebayo, Damilola Fisayo, Aguilar, Pilar, Al-Bahrani, Muna, Anderson, Marc H., Andrade, Laura, Bratko, Denis, Bushina, Ekaterina, Choi, Jeong Won, Cieciuch, Jan, Dru, Vincent, Evers, Uwana, Fischer, Ronald, Florez, Ivonne Andrea, Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B., Gari, Aikaterini, Graf, Sylvie, Halama, Peter, Halberstadt, Jamin, Halim, Magdalena S., Heilman, Renata M., Hřebíčková, Martina, Karl, Johannes Alfons, Knežević, Goran, Kohút, Michal, Kolnes, Martin, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Lebedeva, Nadezhda, Lee, Julie, Lee, Young-Ho, Liu, Chunquan, Mannerström, Rasmus, Marušić, Iris, Nansubuga, Florence, Ojedokun, Oluyinka, Park, Joonha, Platt, Tracey, Proyer, René T., Realo, Anu, Rolland, Jean-Pierre, Ruch, Willibald, Ruiz, Desiree, Sortheix, Florencia M., Stahlmann, Alexander Georg, Stojanov, Ana, Strus, Włodzimierz, Tamir, Maya, Torres, Cláudio, Trujillo, Angela, Truong, Thi Khanh Ha, Utsugi, Akira, Vecchione, Michele, Wang, Lei, and Russell, James A.

Abstract

Affect is involved in many psychological phenomena, but a descriptive structure, long sought, has been elusive. Valence and arousal are fundamental, and a key question–the focus of the present study–is the relationship between them. Valence is sometimes thought to be independent of arousal, but, in some studies (representing too few societies in the world) arousal was found to vary with valence. One common finding is that arousal is lowest at neutral valence and increases with both positive and negative valence: a symmetric V-shaped relationship. In the study reported here of self-reported affect during a remembered moment (N = 8,590), we tested the valence-arousal relationship in 33 societies with 25 different languages. The two most common hypotheses in the literature–independence and a symmetric V-shaped relationship–were not supported. With data of all samples pooled, arousal increased with positive but not negative valence. Valence accounted for between 5% (Finland) and 43% (China Beijing) of the variance in arousal. Although there is evidence for a structural relationship between the two, there is also a large amount of variability in this relation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Published
2022

11. Tracing Personality Structure in Narratives: A Computational Bottom-Up Approach to Unpack Writers, Characters, and Personality in Historical Context

Author

Fischer, Ronald, Karl, Johannes Alfons, Luczak-Roesch, Markus, Fetvadjiev, Velichko H., and Grener, Adam

Subjects
Literature, Psychology, Computational linguistics, Social psychology, personality, five-factor model, idiographic analysis, automated text analysis, transcendental, information cascades
Abstract

We present a new method for personality assessment at a distance to uncover personality structure in historical texts. We focus on how two 19th century authors understood and described human personality; we apply a new bottom-up computational approach to extract personality dimensions used by Jane Austen and Charles Dickens to describe fictional characters in 21 novels. We matched personality descriptions using three person-description dictionaries marker scales as reference points for interpretation. Factor structures did not show strong convergence with the contemporary Big Five model. Jane Austen described characters in terms of social and emotional richness with greater nuances but using a less extensive vocabulary. Charles Dickens, in contrast, used a rich and diverse personality vocabulary, but those descriptions centred around more restricted dimensions of power and dominance. Although we could identify conceptually similar factors across the two authors, analyses of the overlapping vocabulary between the two authors suggested only moderate convergence. We discuss the utility and potential of automated text analysis and the lexical hypothesis to (i) provide insights into implicit personality models in historical texts and (ii) bridge the divide between idiographic and nomothetic perspectives.

Published
2020

13. Rapid Review and Meta-Meta-Analysis of Self-Guided Interventions to Address Anxiety, Depression, and Stress During COVID-19 Social Distancing

Author

Fischer, Ronald, primary, Bortolini, Tiago, additional, Karl, Johannes Alfons, additional, Zilberberg, Marcelo, additional, Robinson, Kealagh, additional, Rabelo, André, additional, Gemal, Lucas, additional, Wegerhoff, Daniel, additional, Nguyễn, Thị Bảo Trâm, additional, Irving, Briar, additional, Chrystal, Megan, additional, and Mattos, Paulo, additional

Published
2020
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14. The complexities of “minding the gap”: perceived discrepancies between Values and behavior affect well-being

Author

Chrystal, Megan, Karl, Johannes Alfons, Fischer, Ronald, Chrystal, Megan, Karl, Johannes Alfons, and Fischer, Ronald

Abstract

Research on self-determination theory and clinical models such as acceptance and commitment therapy has shown that behaving in line with our values is a key to maintaining healthy well-being. Combining work on values and experimental studies on moral hypocrisy and well-being, we experimentally tested how behaving incongruently with values affects well-being. We hypothesized that discrepancies between how one thinks one should have behaved and how one reported one did behave would be more detrimental to well-being when the behaviors were value-expressive and motivationally coherent compared to a control condition; greater perceived gaps between how participants feel they should have acted and how they report they did act would be associated with more negative well-being outcomes; the relationship between value manipulation and well-being would be mediated by perceived behavioral gap; and that personal values would interact with value manipulation to produce differential effects on well-being. One-hundred and fifty-eight first-year psychology students participated in an experiment designed to highlight discrepancies between how participants have behaved in accordance with a certain value and how they think they should have behaved, before reporting their well-being. As hypothesized, greater discrepancies between reported past behavior and how participants thought they should have behaved was associated with negative affect and decreased reports of positive well-being. We found no evidence for differential effects of manipulated value-expressive behaviors on well-being, or for our hypothesis that personal values and manipulated value-expressive behaviors interact. Nevertheless, value content mattered in terms of inducing perceived behavioral gaps. Our study suggests that perceived discrepancies between any value and reported past behavior can have a negative impact on some aspects of well-being. We discuss how the application of our methodology can be used in further s

Published
2019

15. A primer to (cross-cultural) multi-group invariance testing possibilities in R

Author

Fischer, Ronald, Karl, Johannes Alfons, Fischer, Ronald, and Karl, Johannes Alfons

Abstract

Psychology has become less WEIRD in recent years, marking progress toward becoming a truly global psychology. However, this increase in cultural diversity is not matched by greater attention to cultural biases in research. A significant challenge in culture-comparative research in psychology is that any comparisons are open to possible item bias and non-invariance. Unfortunately, many psychologists are not aware of problems and their implications, and do not know how to best test for invariance in their data. We provide a general introduction to invariance testing and a tutorial of three major classes of techniques that can be easily implemented in the free software and statistical language R. Specifically, we describe (1) confirmatory and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, with extension to exploratory structural equation modeling, and multi-group alignment; (2) iterative hybrid logistic regression as well as (3) exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis with Procrustes rotation. We pay specific attention to effect size measures of item biases and differential item function. Code in R is provided in the main text and online (see https://osf.io/agr5e/), and more extended code and a general introduction to R are available in the Supplementary Materials.

Published
2019

16. Rituals, rigidity and cognitive load: A competitive test of ritual benefits for stress

Author

Fischer, Ronald, Karl, Johannes Alfons, Fischer, Ronald, and Karl, Johannes Alfons

Abstract

A central hypothesis to account for the ubiquity of rituals across cultures is their supposed anxiolytic effects: rituals being maintained because they reduce existential anxiety and uncertainty. We aimed to test the anxiolytic effects of rituals by investigating two possible underlying mechanisms for it: cognitive load and repetitive movement. In our pre-registered experiment (osf.io/rsu9x), 180 undergraduates took part in either a stress or a control condition and were subsequently assigned to either control, cognitive load, undirected movement, a combination of undirected movement and cognitive load, or a ritualistic intervention. Using both repeated self-report measures and continuous physiological indicators of anxiety, we failed to find direct support for a cognitive suppression effect of anxiety trough ritualistic behavior. Nevertheless, we found that induced stress increased participants’ subsequent repetitive behavior, which in turn reduced physiological arousal. This study provides novel evidence for plausible underlying effects of the proposed anxiolytic effect of rituals: repetitive behavior but not cognitive load may decrease physiological stress responses during ritual.

Published
2018

17. Time investments in rituals are associated with social bonding, affect and subjective health: a longitudinal study of Diwali in two Indian communities.

Author

Singh P, Tewari S, Kesberg R, Karl JA, Bulbulia J, and Fischer R

Subjects
Humans, India, Longitudinal Studies, Affect, Ceremonial Behavior, Diagnostic Self Evaluation, Social Behavior
Abstract

Rituals are performed within specific socio-ecological niches, yet the different effects of the same ritual form across different niches (community contexts) remains unclear. Here, using longitudinal measures over a two-week period during Diwali (the Indian festival of light), we investigate the relationship between ritual time allocation and social cohesion in two Indian communities. First, the positive effects of ritual on social bonding, perceived health and affect were highest on the focal day of the festival. Second, we observed anticipatory effects of ritualistic commitment on affect prior to the main day of the festival. Third, social bonding patterns were similar in the two Indian settings, indicating that Diwali fosters social cohesion across diverse social ecologies (cultural niches). However, individually focused emotional benefits appear to dampened in more cosmopolitan environments. Finally, time investments reveal diminishing marginal utilities for ritual activities on social cognition. Ritual time investments were linked to greater affect and family cohesion up to a certain limit. We argue that attention to the diminishing returns of ritual time investments on social cohesion across diverse human ecologies is an important horizon for future cross-cultural investigations. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ritual renaissance: new insights into the most human of behaviours'.

Published
2020
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