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9. A large-scale genome-wide association study meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder.

Author

Johnson, Emma C, Demontis, Ditte, Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E, Walters, Raymond K, Polimanti, Renato, Hatoum, Alexander S, Sanchez-Roige, Sandra, Paul, Sarah E, Wendt, Frank R, Clarke, Toni-Kim, Lai, Dongbing, Reginsson, Gunnar W, Zhou, Hang, He, June, Baranger, David AA, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F, Wedow, Robbee, Adkins, Daniel E, Adkins, Amy E, Alexander, Jeffry, Bacanu, Silviu-Alin, Bigdeli, Tim B, Boden, Joseph, Brown, Sandra A, Bucholz, Kathleen K, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Corley, Robin P, Degenhardt, Louisa, Dick, Danielle M, Domingue, Benjamin W, Fox, Louis, Goate, Alison M, Gordon, Scott D, Hack, Laura M, Hancock, Dana B, Hartz, Sarah M, Hickie, Ian B, Hougaard, David M, Krauter, Kenneth, Lind, Penelope A, McClintick, Jeanette N, McQueen, Matthew B, Meyers, Jacquelyn L, Montgomery, Grant W, Mors, Ole, Mortensen, Preben B, Nordentoft, Merete, Pearson, John F, Peterson, Roseann E, Reynolds, Maureen D, Rice, John P, Runarsdottir, Valgerdur, Saccone, Nancy L, Sherva, Richard, Silberg, Judy L, Tarter, Ralph E, Tyrfingsson, Thorarinn, Wall, Tamara L, Webb, Bradley T, Werge, Thomas, Wetherill, Leah, Wright, Margaret J, Zellers, Stephanie, Adams, Mark J, Bierut, Laura J, Boardman, Jason D, Copeland, William E, Farrer, Lindsay A, Foroud, Tatiana M, Gillespie, Nathan A, Grucza, Richard A, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Heath, Andrew C, Hesselbrock, Victor, Hewitt, John K, Hopfer, Christian J, Horwood, John, Iacono, William G, Johnson, Eric O, Kendler, Kenneth S, Kennedy, Martin A, Kranzler, Henry R, Madden, Pamela AF, Maes, Hermine H, Maher, Brion S, Martin, Nicholas G, McGue, Matthew, McIntosh, Andrew M, Medland, Sarah E, Nelson, Elliot C, Porjesz, Bernice, Riley, Brien P, Stallings, Michael C, Vanyukov, Michael M, Vrieze, Scott, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Substance Use Disorders Workgroup, Davis, Lea K, Bogdan, Ryan, Gelernter, Joel, and Edenberg, Howard J

Subjects
Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Substance Use Disorders Workgroup, Humans, Marijuana Abuse, Risk, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genome-Wide Association Study, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Psychology
Abstract

BackgroundVariation in liability to cannabis use disorder has a strong genetic component (estimated twin and family heritability about 50-70%) and is associated with negative outcomes, including increased risk of psychopathology. The aim of the study was to conduct a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify novel genetic variants associated with cannabis use disorder.MethodsTo conduct this GWAS meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder and identify associations with genetic loci, we used samples from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Substance Use Disorders working group, iPSYCH, and deCODE (20 916 case samples, 363 116 control samples in total), contrasting cannabis use disorder cases with controls. To examine the genetic overlap between cannabis use disorder and 22 traits of interest (chosen because of previously published phenotypic correlations [eg, psychiatric disorders] or hypothesised associations [eg, chronotype] with cannabis use disorder), we used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate genetic correlations.FindingsWe identified two genome-wide significant loci: a novel chromosome 7 locus (FOXP2, lead single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] rs7783012; odds ratio [OR] 1·11, 95% CI 1·07-1·15, p=1·84 × 10-9) and the previously identified chromosome 8 locus (near CHRNA2 and EPHX2, lead SNP rs4732724; OR 0·89, 95% CI 0·86-0·93, p=6·46 × 10-9). Cannabis use disorder and cannabis use were genetically correlated (rg 0·50, p=1·50 × 10-21), but they showed significantly different genetic correlations with 12 of the 22 traits we tested, suggesting at least partially different genetic underpinnings of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. Cannabis use disorder was positively genetically correlated with other psychopathology, including ADHD, major depression, and schizophrenia.InterpretationThese findings support the theory that cannabis use disorder has shared genetic liability with other psychopathology, and there is a distinction between genetic liability to cannabis use and cannabis use disorder.FundingNational Institute of Mental Health; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institute on Drug Abuse; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine and the Centre for Integrative Sequencing; The European Commission, Horizon 2020; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Health Research Council of New Zealand; National Institute on Aging; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium; UK Research and Innovation Medical Research Council (UKRI MRC); The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia; Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program of the University of California; Families for Borderline Personality Disorder Research (Beth and Rob Elliott) 2018 NARSAD Young Investigator Grant; The National Child Health Research Foundation (Cure Kids); The Canterbury Medical Research Foundation; The New Zealand Lottery Grants Board; The University of Otago; The Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics; The James Hume Bequest Fund; National Institutes of Health: Genes, Environment and Health Initiative; National Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute; The William T Grant Foundation; Australian Research Council; The Virginia Tobacco Settlement Foundation; The VISN 1 and VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Centers of the US Department of Veterans Affairs; The 5th Framework Programme (FP-5) GenomEUtwin Project; The Lundbeck Foundation; NIH-funded Shared Instrumentation Grant S10RR025141; Clinical Translational Sciences Award grants; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of General Medical Sciences.

Published
2020

10. The Driver of Extreme Human-Specific Olduvai Repeat Expansion Remains Highly Active in the Human Genome

Author

Heft, Ilea E, Mostovoy, Yulia, Levy-Sakin, Michal, Ma, Walfred, Stevens, Aaron J, Pastor, Steven, McCaffrey, Jennifer, Boffelli, Dario, Martin, David I, Xiao, Ming, Kennedy, Martin A, Kwok, Pui-Yan, and Sikela, James M

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genetics, Biotechnology, Human Genome, Neurosciences, Mental Health, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Animals, Base Sequence, Carrier Proteins, DNA Copy Number Variations, Evolution, Molecular, G-Quadruplexes, Gene Amplification, Gene Dosage, Genome, Human, Genomic Instability, Homologous Recombination, Humans, Primates, Protein Domains, Sequence Homology, Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion, brain, evolution, gene duplication, genome, hyperamplification, Developmental Biology, Biochemistry and cell biology
Abstract

Sequences encoding Olduvai protein domains (formerly DUF1220) show the greatest human lineage-specific increase in copy number of any coding region in the genome and have been associated, in a dosage-dependent manner, with brain size, cognitive aptitude, autism, and schizophrenia. Tandem intragenic duplications of a three-domain block, termed the Olduvai triplet, in four NBPF genes in the chromosomal 1q21.1-0.2 region, are primarily responsible for the striking human-specific copy number increase. Interestingly, most of the Olduvai triplets are adjacent to, and transcriptionally coregulated with, three human-specific NOTCH2NL genes that have been shown to promote cortical neurogenesis. Until now, the underlying genomic events that drove the Olduvai hyperamplification in humans have remained unexplained. Here, we show that the presence or absence of an alternative first exon of the Olduvai triplet perfectly discriminates between amplified (58/58) and unamplified (0/12) triplets. We provide sequence and breakpoint analyses that suggest the alternative exon was produced by an nonallelic homologous recombination-based mechanism involving the duplicative transposition of an existing Olduvai exon found in the CON3 domain, which typically occurs at the C-terminal end of NBPF genes. We also provide suggestive in vitro evidence that the alternative exon may promote instability through a putative G-quadraplex (pG4)-based mechanism. Lastly, we use single-molecule optical mapping to characterize the intragenic structural variation observed in NBPF genes in 154 unrelated individuals and 52 related individuals from 16 families and show that the presence of pG4-containing Olduvai triplets is strongly correlated with high levels of Olduvai copy number variation. These results suggest that the same driver of genomic instability that allowed the evolutionarily recent, rapid, and extreme human-specific Olduvai expansion remains highly active in the human genome.

Published
2020

11. Treatment-Related Attributes of Diabetes Therapies and How People with Type 2 Diabetes Report Their Impact on Indicators of Medication-Taking Behaviors

Author

Sims TJ, Boye KS, Robinson S, and Kennedy-Martin T

Subjects
adherence, discontinuation, type 2 diabetes, medication attributes, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Tracy J Sims,1 Kristina S Boye,1 Susan Robinson,2 Tessa Kennedy-Martin2 1Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA; 2KMHO Ltd, Brighton, UKCorrespondence: Tracy J Sims, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Tel +1-317-403-1219, Email sims_tracy_j@lilly.comPurpose: Understanding the treatment-related attributes influencing medication-taking behaviors in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is important for delivery of patient-centered care. This review aimed to identify and summarize studies in which people with T2D (PwD) directly indicated the treatment-related attributes associated with medication-taking behaviors or intentions.Materials and Methods: EMBASE and PubMed were searched for studies (Jan 2005–May 2021) reporting the link between PwD-expressed diabetes treatment-related attributes and the decision to initiate, adhere to, or discontinue a T2D medication. Eligible studies reported attributes associated with oral antidiabetes drugs or injectables (not insulin). Studies not explicitly exploring the link between attributes and indicators of behaviors (eg most discrete-choice experiments [DCE] and those interrogating electronic medical records or claims databases) were excluded, as were studies where the link between attribute and behavior came from anyone but the PwD.Results: Of the 6464 studies identified, 16 were included. Studies were conducted across multiple countries; the USA was most represented (n = 8 studies). The impact of treatment attributes was described on indicators of initiation (n = 3), adherence (n = 12), and discontinuation (n = 4). Some studies evaluated multiple behaviors. PwD perspectives were solicited by structured questionnaires (n = 10), qualitative approaches (n = 4), or DCE explicitly exploring the link to medication-taking behaviors (n = 2). Closed- (n = 9) and open-ended questions (n = 7) were employed. Across studies, several factors including glycemic efficacy (n = 9), weight change (n = 9), dosing frequency (n = 9), hypoglycemia (n = 8), gastrointestinal adverse events (n = 8), regimen complexity (n = 6), route of administration (n = 3), and cardiovascular risk (n = 1) were reported as influencing behaviors, being motivators or barriers to initiation, adherence, or discontinuation.Conclusion: Several attributes influence how PwD take their medications. Insights gained directly from PwD have the potential to assist stakeholders in making more informed, patient-centered, treatment decisions, thus choosing and managing medications that PwD are comfortable initiating and persisting with over the longer term.Keywords: adherence, discontinuation, type 2 diabetes, medication attributes

Published
2022

12. Common Genetic Variation and Age of Onset of Anorexia Nervosa

Author

Watson, Hunna J., Thornton, Laura M., Yilmaz, Zeynep, Baker, Jessica H., Coleman, Jonathan R.I., Adan, Roger A.H., Alfredsson, Lars, Andreassen, Ole A., Ask, Helga, Berrettini, Wade H., Boehnke, Michael, Boehm, Ilka, Boni, Claudette, Buehren, Katharina, Bulant, Josef, Burghardt, Roland, Chang, Xiao, Cichon, Sven, Cone, Roger D., Courtet, Philippe, Crow, Scott, Crowley, James J., Danner, Unna N., de Zwaan, Martina, Dedoussis, George, DeSocio, Janiece E., Dick, Danielle M., Dikeos, Dimitris, Dina, Christian, Djurovic, Srdjan, Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Monika, Docampo-Martinez, Elisa, Duriez, Philibert, Egberts, Karin, Ehrlich, Stefan, Eriksson, Johan G., Escaramís, Geòrgia, Esko, Tõnu, Estivill, Xavier, Farmer, Anne, Fernández-Aranda, Fernando, Fichter, Manfred M., Föcker, Manuel, Foretova, Lenka, Forstner, Andreas J., Frei, Oleksandr, Gallinger, Steven, Giegling, Ina, Giuranna, Johanna, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, Gorwood, Philip, Gratacòs, Mònica, Guillaume, Sébastien, Guo, Yiran, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hauser, Joanna, Havdahl, Alexandra, Hebebrand, Johannes, Helder, Sietske G., Herms, Stefan, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Herzog, Wolfgang, Hinney, Anke, Hübel, Christopher, Hudson, James I., Imgart, Hartmut, Jamain, Stephanie, Janout, Vladimir, Jiménez-Murcia, Susana, Jones, Ian R., Julià, Antonio, Kalsi, Gursharan, Kaminská, Deborah, Kaprio, Jaakko, Karhunen, Leila, Kas, Martien J.H., Keel, Pamela K., Kennedy, James L., Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Kiezebrink, Kirsty, Klareskog, Lars, Klump, Kelly L., Knudsen, Gun Peggy S., La Via, Maria C., Le Hellard, Stephanie, Leboyer, Marion, Li, Dong, Lilenfeld, Lisa, Lin, Bochao, Lissowska, Jolanta, Luykx, Jurjen, Magistretti, Pierre, Maj, Mario, Marsal, Sara, Marshall, Christian R., Mattingsdal, Morten, Meulenbelt, Ingrid, Micali, Nadia, Mitchell, Karen S., Monteleone, Alessio Maria, Monteleone, Palmiero, Myers, Richard, Navratilova, Marie, Ntalla, Ionna, O’Toole, Julie K., Ophoff, Roel A., Padyukov, Leonid, Pantel, Jacques, Papežová, Hana, Pinto, Dalila, Raevuori, Anu, Ramoz, Nicolas, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Ricca, Valdo, Ripatti, Samuli, Ripke, Stephan, Ritschel, Franziska, Roberts, Marion, Rotondo, Alessandro, Rujescu, Dan, Rybakowski, Filip, Scherag, André, Scherer, Stephen W., Schmidt, Ulrike, Scott, Laura J., Seitz, Jochen, Silén, Yasmina, Šlachtová, Lenka, Slagboom, P. Eline, Slof-Op ‘t Landt, Margarita C.T., Slopien, Agnieszka, Sorbi, Sandro, Świątkowska, Beata, Tortorella, Alfonso, Tozzi, Federica, Treasure, Janet, Tsitsika, Artemis, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Marta, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, van Elburg, Annemarie A., van Furth, Eric F., Walton, Esther, Widen, Elisabeth, Zerwas, Stephanie, Zipfel, Stephan, Bergen, Andrew W., Boden, Joseph M., Brandt, Harry, Crawford, Steven, Halmi, Katherine A., Horwood, L. John, Johnson, Craig, Kaplan, Allan S., Kaye, Walter H., Mitchell, James E., Olsen, Catherine M., Pearson, John F., Pedersen, Nancy L., Strober, Michael, Werge, Thomas, Whiteman, David C., Woodside, D. Blake, Gordon, Scott, Maguire, Sarah, Larsen, Janne T., Parker, Richard, Petersen, Liselotte V., Jordan, Jennifer, Kennedy, Martin, Wade, Tracey D., Birgegård, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Landén, Mikael, Martin, Nicholas G., Mortensen, Preben Bo, Breen, Gerome, and Bulik, Cynthia M.

Published
2022
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14. Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders

Author

Walters, Raymond K, Polimanti, Renato, Johnson, Emma C, McClintick, Jeanette N, Adams, Mark J, Adkins, Amy E, Aliev, Fazil, Bacanu, Silviu-Alin, Batzler, Anthony, Bertelsen, Sarah, Biernacka, Joanna M, Bigdeli, Tim B, Chen, Li-Shiun, Clarke, Toni-Kim, Chou, Yi-Ling, Degenhardt, Franziska, Docherty, Anna R, Edwards, Alexis C, Fontanillas, Pierre, Foo, Jerome C, Fox, Louis, Frank, Josef, Giegling, Ina, Gordon, Scott, Hack, Laura M, Hartmann, Annette M, Hartz, Sarah M, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Herms, Stefan, Hodgkinson, Colin, Hoffmann, Per, Jan Hottenga, Jouke, Kennedy, Martin A, Alanne-Kinnunen, Mervi, Konte, Bettina, Lahti, Jari, Lahti-Pulkkinen, Marius, Lai, Dongbing, Ligthart, Lannie, Loukola, Anu, Maher, Brion S, Mbarek, Hamdi, McIntosh, Andrew M, McQueen, Matthew B, Meyers, Jacquelyn L, Milaneschi, Yuri, Palviainen, Teemu, Pearson, John F, Peterson, Roseann E, Ripatti, Samuli, Ryu, Euijung, Saccone, Nancy L, Salvatore, Jessica E, Sanchez-Roige, Sandra, Schwandt, Melanie, Sherva, Richard, Streit, Fabian, Strohmaier, Jana, Thomas, Nathaniel, Wang, Jen-Chyong, Webb, Bradley T, Wedow, Robbee, Wetherill, Leah, Wills, Amanda G, Boardman, Jason D, Chen, Danfeng, Choi, Doo-Sup, Copeland, William E, Culverhouse, Robert C, Dahmen, Norbert, Degenhardt, Louisa, Domingue, Benjamin W, Elson, Sarah L, Frye, Mark A, Gäbel, Wolfgang, Hayward, Caroline, Ising, Marcus, Keyes, Margaret, Kiefer, Falk, Kramer, John, Kuperman, Samuel, Lucae, Susanne, Lynskey, Michael T, Maier, Wolfgang, Mann, Karl, Männistö, Satu, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Murray, Alison D, Nurnberger, John I, Palotie, Aarno, Preuss, Ulrich, Räikkönen, Katri, Reynolds, Maureen D, Ridinger, Monika, Scherbaum, Norbert, Schuckit, Marc A, Soyka, Michael, Treutlein, Jens, Witt, Stephanie, and Wodarz, Norbert

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Behavioral and Social Science, Genetics, Human Genome, Prevention, Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, Mental Health, Substance Misuse, Alcoholism, Alcohol Use and Health, Mental Illness, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Alcoholism, Alleles, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Mental Disorders, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 23andMe Research Team, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Biological psychology
Abstract

Liability to alcohol dependence (AD) is heritable, but little is known about its complex polygenic architecture or its genetic relationship with other disorders. To discover loci associated with AD and characterize the relationship between AD and other psychiatric and behavioral outcomes, we carried out the largest genome-wide association study to date of DSM-IV-diagnosed AD. Genome-wide data on 14,904 individuals with AD and 37,944 controls from 28 case-control and family-based studies were meta-analyzed, stratified by genetic ancestry (European, n = 46,568; African, n = 6,280). Independent, genome-wide significant effects of different ADH1B variants were identified in European (rs1229984; P = 9.8 × 10-13) and African ancestries (rs2066702; P = 2.2 × 10-9). Significant genetic correlations were observed with 17 phenotypes, including schizophrenia, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, depression, and use of cigarettes and cannabis. The genetic underpinnings of AD only partially overlap with those for alcohol consumption, underscoring the genetic distinction between pathological and nonpathological drinking behaviors.

Published
2018

17. Weight Change and the Association with Adherence and Persistence to Diabetes Therapy: A Narrative Review

Author

Boye KS, Shinde S, Kennedy-Martin T, Robinson S, and Thieu VT

Subjects
adherence, discontinuation, type 2 diabetes, weight, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Kristina S Boye,1 Shraddha Shinde,1 Tessa Kennedy-Martin,2 Susan Robinson,2 Vivian T Thieu1 1Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA; 2Kennedy-Martin Health Outcomes Ltd, Brighton, UKCorrespondence: Kristina S BoyeEli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USATel +1-317-651-4039Email boye_kristina_secnik@lilly.comPurpose: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) medication adherence is poor and is impacted by individual drug characteristics. Treatment-associated weight change can affect medication-taking behavior. This review aimed to explore weight change on T2D therapy and consider its impact on adherence and discontinuation.Methods: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE (2005 to September 2020), and among recent congress abstract books for studies providing data on medication adherence or discontinuation and weight change in people with T2D (PwD).Results: Nine studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified from 9188 bibliographic records. All three studies exploring weight change and discontinuation reported weight loss to be associated with higher persistence. Seven studies of varying design explored weight change and adherence. Four reported absolute weight change (kg) and adherence: one pooled data from different diabetes medications and demonstrated that self-reported adherence was significantly associated with weight loss; however, three studies found that weight change in adherent PwD was in the direction of the known weight profile (loss/gain) of the evaluated drug. Categorical weight loss (≥ 3%) and adherence were reported in two studies: one reported that numerically more adherent versus non-adherent PwD lost ≥ 3% weight regardless of the drug’s weight profile, the other showed that early weight loss with a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist was significantly associated with better adherence. One study reported adherence by categorical weight change; as weight loss increased, adherence scores improved, regardless of drug type.Conclusion: Findings suggest that discontinuation rates may be lower in PwD who lose as compared to those who gain weight on T2D treatment. The evidence base on adherence and weight change is more challenging to interpret due to the range of study designs. Given the importance of weight control in T2D, further research exploring the individual’s treatment, weight journey, and behaviors over time should be undertaken.Keywords: adherence, discontinuation, type 2 diabetes, weight

Published
2022

19. Genetic association study of childhood aggression across raters, instruments, and age

Author

Ip, Hill F., van der Laan, Camiel M., Krapohl, Eva M. L., Brikell, Isabell, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Nolte, Ilja M., St Pourcain, Beate, Bolhuis, Koen, Palviainen, Teemu, Zafarmand, Hadi, Colodro-Conde, Lucía, Gordon, Scott, Zayats, Tetyana, Aliev, Fazil, Jiang, Chang, Wang, Carol A., Saunders, Gretchen, Karhunen, Ville, Hammerschlag, Anke R., Adkins, Daniel E., Border, Richard, Peterson, Roseann E., Prinz, Joseph A., Thiering, Elisabeth, Seppälä, Ilkka, Vilor-Tejedor, Natàlia, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Day, Felix R., Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Allegrini, Andrea G., Rimfeld, Kaili, Chen, Qi, Lu, Yi, Martin, Joanna, Soler Artigas, María, Rovira, Paula, Bosch, Rosa, Español, Gemma, Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Neumann, Alexander, Ensink, Judith, Grasby, Katrina, Morosoli, José J., Tong, Xiaoran, Marrington, Shelby, Middeldorp, Christel, Scott, James G., Vinkhuyzen, Anna, Shabalin, Andrey A., Corley, Robin, Evans, Luke M., Sugden, Karen, Alemany, Silvia, Sass, Lærke, Vinding, Rebecca, Ruth, Kate, Tyrrell, Jess, Davies, Gareth E., Ehli, Erik A., Hagenbeek, Fiona A., De Zeeuw, Eveline, Van Beijsterveldt, Toos C.E.M., Larsson, Henrik, Snieder, Harold, Verhulst, Frank C., Amin, Najaf, Whipp, Alyce M., Korhonen, Tellervo, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Rose, Richard J., Uitterlinden, André G., Heath, Andrew C., Madden, Pamela, Haavik, Jan, Harris, Jennifer R., Helgeland, Øyvind, Johansson, Stefan, Knudsen, Gun Peggy S., Njolstad, Pal Rasmus, Lu, Qing, Rodriguez, Alina, Henders, Anjali K., Mamun, Abdullah, Najman, Jackob M., Brown, Sandy, Hopfer, Christian, Krauter, Kenneth, Reynolds, Chandra, Smolen, Andrew, Stallings, Michael, Wadsworth, Sally, Wall, Tamara L., Silberg, Judy L., Miller, Allison, Keltikangas-Järvinen, Liisa, Hakulinen, Christian, Pulkki-Råback, Laura, Havdahl, Alexandra, Magnus, Per, Raitakari, Olli T., Perry, John R. B., Llop, Sabrina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Bønnelykke, Klaus, Bisgaard, Hans, Sunyer, Jordi, Lehtimäki, Terho, Arseneault, Louise, Standl, Marie, Heinrich, Joachim, Boden, Joseph, Pearson, John, Horwood, L. John, Kennedy, Martin, Poulton, Richie, Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Hewitt, John, Copeland, William E., Costello, Elizabeth J., Williams, Gail M., Wray, Naomi, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, McGue, Matt, Iacono, William, Caspi, Avshalom, Moffitt, Terrie E., Whitehouse, Andrew, Pennell, Craig E., Klump, Kelly L., Burt, S. Alexandra, Dick, Danielle M., Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Vrijkotte, Tanja, Kaprio, Jaakko, Tiemeier, Henning, Davey Smith, George, Hartman, Catharina A., Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Casas, Miquel, Ribasés, Marta, Lichtenstein, Paul, Lundström, Sebastian, Plomin, Robert, Bartels, Meike, Nivard, Michel G., and Boomsma, Dorret I.

Published
2021
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21. The Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative (EDGI): study protocol

Author

Bulik, Cynthia M., Thornton, Laura M., Parker, Richard, Kennedy, Hannah, Baker, Jessica H., MacDermod, Casey, Guintivano, Jerry, Cleland, Lana, Miller, Allison L., Harper, Lauren, Larsen, Janne T., Yilmaz, Zeynep, Grove, Jakob, Sullivan, Patrick F., Petersen, Liselotte V., Jordan, Jennifer, Kennedy, Martin A., and Martin, Nicholas G.

Published
2021
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22. Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders

Author

Lee, Phil H., Anttila, Verneri, Won, Hyejung, Feng, Yen-Chen A., Rosenthal, Jacob, Zhu, Zhaozhong, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Nivard, Michel G., Grotzinger, Andrew D., Posthuma, Danielle, Wang, Meg M.-J., Yu, Dongmei, Stahl, Eli A., Walters, Raymond K., Anney, Richard J.L., Duncan, Laramie E., Ge, Tian, Adolfsson, Rolf, Banaschewski, Tobias, Belangero, Sintia, Cook, Edwin H., Coppola, Giovanni, Derks, Eske M., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Kaprio, Jaakko, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Kirov, George, Kranzler, Henry R., Luykx, Jurjen J., Rohde, Luis A., Zai, Clement C., Agerbo, Esben, Arranz, M.J., Asherson, Philip, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Baldursson, Gísli, Bellgrove, Mark, Belliveau, Richard A., Jr., Buitelaar, Jan, Burton, Christie L., Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Casas, Miquel, Cerrato, Felecia, Chambert, Kimberly, Churchhouse, Claire, Cormand, Bru, Crosbie, Jennifer, Dalsgaard, Søren, Demontis, Ditte, Doyle, Alysa E., Dumont, Ashley, Elia, Josephine, Grove, Jakob, Gudmundsson, Olafur O., Haavik, Jan, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hansen, Christine S., Hartman, Catharina A., Hawi, Ziarih, Hervás, Amaia, Hougaard, David M., Howrigan, Daniel P., Huang, Hailiang, Kuntsi, Jonna, Langley, Kate, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Leung, Patrick W.L., Loo, Sandra K., Martin, Joanna, Martin, Alicia R., McGough, James J., Medland, Sarah E., Moran, Jennifer L., Mors, Ole, Mortensen, Preben B., Oades, Robert D., Palmer, Duncan S., Pedersen, Carsten B., Pedersen, Marianne G., Peters, Triinu, Poterba, Timothy, Poulsen, Jesper B., Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Reif, Andreas, Ribasés, Marta, Rothenberger, Aribert, Rovira, Paula, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Satterstrom, F. Kyle, Schachar, Russell, Artigas, Maria Soler, Steinberg, Stacy, Stefansson, Hreinn, Turley, Patrick, Walters, G. Bragi, Werge, Thomas, Zayats, Tetyana, Arking, Dan E., Bettella, Francesco, Buxbaum, Joseph D., Christensen, Jane H., Collins, Ryan L., Coon, Hilary, De Rubeis, Silvia, Delorme, Richard, Grice, Dorothy E., Hansen, Thomas F., Holmans, Peter A., Hope, Sigrun, Hultman, Christina M., Klei, Lambertus, Ladd-Acosta, Christine, Magnusson, Pall, Nærland, Terje, Nyegaard, Mette, Pinto, Dalila, Qvist, Per, Rehnström, Karola, Reichenberg, Abraham, Reichert, Jennifer, Roeder, Kathryn, Rouleau, Guy A., Saemundsen, Evald, Sanders, Stephan J., Sandin, Sven, St Pourcain, Beate, Stefansson, Kari, Sutcliffe, James S., Talkowski, Michael E., Weiss, Lauren A., Willsey, A. Jeremy, Agartz, Ingrid, Akil, Huda, Albani, Diego, Alda, Martin, Als, Thomas D., Anjorin, Adebayo, Backlund, Lena, Bass, Nicholas, Bauer, Michael, Baune, Bernhard T., Bellivier, Frank, Bergen, Sarah E., Berrettini, Wade H., Biernacka, Joanna M., Blackwood, Douglas H.R., Bøen, Erlend, Budde, Monika, Bunney, William, Burmeister, Margit, Byerley, William, Byrne, Enda M., Cichon, Sven, Clarke, Toni-Kim, Coleman, Jonathan R.I., Craddock, Nicholas, Curtis, David, Czerski, Piotr M., Dale, Anders M., Dalkner, Nina, Dannlowski, Udo, Degenhardt, Franziska, Di Florio, Arianna, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Etain, Bruno, Fischer, Sascha B., Forstner, Andreas J., Forty, Liz, Frank, Josef, Frye, Mark, Fullerton, Janice M., Gade, Katrin, Gaspar, Héléna A., Gershon, Elliot S., Gill, Michael, Goes, Fernando S., Gordon, Scott D., Gordon-Smith, Katherine, Green, Melissa J., Greenwood, Tiffany A., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Guzman-Parra, José, Hauser, Joanna, Hautzinger, Martin, Heilbronner, Urs, Herms, Stefan, Hoffmann, Per, Holland, Dominic, Jamain, Stéphane, Jones, Ian, Jones, Lisa A., Kandaswamy, Radhika, Kelsoe, John R., Kennedy, James L., Joachim, Oedegaard Ketil, Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, Kogevinas, Manolis, Koller, Anna C., Lavebratt, Catharina, Lewis, Cathryn M., Li, Qingqin S., Lissowska, Jolanta, Loohuis, Loes M.O., Lucae, Susanne, Maaser, Anna, Malt, Ulrik F., Martin, Nicholas G., Martinsson, Lina, McElroy, Susan L., McMahon, Francis J., McQuillin, Andrew, Melle, Ingrid, Metspalu, Andres, Millischer, Vincent, Mitchell, Philip B., Montgomery, Grant W., Morken, Gunnar, Morris, Derek W., Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Mullins, Niamh, Myers, Richard M., Nievergelt, Caroline M., Nordentoft, Merete, Adolfsson, Annelie Nordin, Nöthen, Markus M., Ophoff, Roel A., Owen, Michael J., Paciga, Sara A., Pato, Carlos N., Pato, Michele T., Perlis, Roy H., Perry, Amy, Potash, James B., Reinbold, Céline S., Rietschel, Marcella, Rivera, Margarita, Roberson, Mary, Schalling, Martin, Schofield, Peter R., Schulze, Thomas G., Scott, Laura J., Serretti, Alessandro, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Smeland, Olav B., Stordal, Eystein, Streit, Fabian, Strohmaier, Jana, Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., Treutlein, Jens, Turecki, Gustavo, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Vincent, John B., Wang, Yunpeng, Witt, Stephanie H., Zandi, Peter, Adan, Roger A.H., Alfredsson, Lars, Ando, Tetsuya, Aschauer, Harald, Baker, Jessica H., Bencko, Vladimir, Bergen, Andrew W., Birgegård, Andreas, Perica, Vesna Boraska, Brandt, Harry, Burghardt, Roland, Carlberg, Laura, Cassina, Matteo, Clementi, Maurizio, Courtet, Philippe, Crawford, Steven, Crow, Scott, Crowley, James J., Danner, Unna N., Davis, Oliver S.P., Degortes, Daniela, DeSocio, Janiece E., Dick, Danielle M., Dina, Christian, Docampo, Elisa, Egberts, Karin, Ehrlich, Stefan, Espeseth, Thomas, Fernández-Aranda, Fernando, Fichter, Manfred M., Foretova, Lenka, Forzan, Monica, Gambaro, Giovanni, Giegling, Ina, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, Gorwood, Philip, Mayora, Monica Gratacos, Guo, Yiran, Halmi, Katherine A., Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos, Hebebrand, Johannes, Helder, Sietske G., Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Herzog, Wolfgang, Hinney, Anke, Imgart, Hartmut, Jiménez-Murcia, Susana, Johnson, Craig, Jordan, Jennifer, Julià, Antonio, Kaminská, Deborah, Karhunen, Leila, Karwautz, Andreas, Kas, Martien J.H., Kaye, Walter H., Kennedy, Martin A., Kim, Youl-Ri, Klareskog, Lars, Klump, Kelly L., Knudsen, Gun Peggy S., Landén, Mikael, Le Hellard, Stephanie, Levitan, Robert D., Li, Dong, Lichtenstein, Paul, Maj, Mario, Marsal, Sara, McDevitt, Sara, Mitchell, James, Monteleone, Palmiero, Monteleone, Alessio Maria, Munn-Chernoff, Melissa A., Nacmias, Benedetta, Navratilova, Marie, O’Toole, Julie K., Padyukov, Leonid, Pantel, Jacques, Papezova, Hana, Rabionet, Raquel, Raevuori, Anu, Ramoz, Nicolas, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Ricca, Valdo, Roberts, Marion, Rujescu, Dan, Rybakowski, Filip, Scherag, André, Schmidt, Ulrike, Seitz, Jochen, Slachtova, Lenka, Slof-Op‘t Landt, Margarita C.T., Slopien, Agnieszka, Sorbi, Sandro, Southam, Lorraine, Strober, Michael, Tortorella, Alfonso, Tozzi, Federica, Treasure, Janet, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, van Elburg, Annemarie A., Wade, Tracey D., Wagner, Gudrun, Walton, Esther, Watson, Hunna J., Wichmann, H-Erich, Woodside, D. Blake, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zerwas, Stephanie, Zipfel, Stephan, Adams, Mark J., Andlauer, Till F.M., Berger, Klaus, Binder, Elisabeth B., Boomsma, Dorret I., Castelao, Enrique, Colodro-Conde, Lucía, Direk, Nese, Docherty, Anna R., Domenici, Enrico, Domschke, Katharina, Dunn, Erin C., Foo, Jerome C., de. Geus, E.J.C., Grabe, Hans J., Hamilton, Steven P., Horn, Carsten, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Howard, David, Ising, Marcus, Kloiber, Stefan, Levinson, Douglas F., Lewis, Glyn, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Mbarek, Hamdi, Middeldorp, Christel M., Mostafavi, Sara, Nyholt, Dale R., Penninx, Brenda WJH., Peterson, Roseann E., Pistis, Giorgio, Porteous, David J., Preisig, Martin, Quiroz, Jorge A., Schaefer, Catherine, Schulte, Eva C., Shi, Jianxin, Smith, Daniel J., Thomson, Pippa A., Tiemeier, Henning, Uher, Rudolf, van der Auwera, Sandra, Weissman, Myrna M., Alexander, Madeline, Begemann, Martin, Bramon, Elvira, Buccola, Nancy G., Cairns, Murray J., Campion, Dominique, Carr, Vaughan J., Cloninger, C. Robert, Cohen, David, Collier, David A., Corvin, Aiden, DeLisi, Lynn E., Donohoe, Gary, Dudbridge, Frank, Duan, Jubao, Freedman, Robert, Gejman, Pablo V., Golimbet, Vera, Godard, Stephanie, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, Hartmann, Annette M., Henskens, Frans A., Ikeda, Masashi, Iwata, Nakao, Jablensky, Assen V., Joa, Inge, Jönsson, Erik G., Kelly, Brian J., Knight, Jo, Konte, Bettina, Laurent-Levinson, Claudine, Lee, Jimmy, Lencz, Todd, Lerer, Bernard, Loughland, Carmel M., Malhotra, Anil K., Mallet, Jacques, McDonald, Colm, Mitjans, Marina, Mowry, Bryan J., Murphy, Kieran C., Murray, Robin M., O’Neill, F. Anthony, Oh, Sang-Yun, Palotie, Aarno, Pantelis, Christos, Pulver, Ann E., Petryshen, Tracey L., Quested, Digby J., Riley, Brien, Sanders, Alan R., Schall, Ulrich, Schwab, Sibylle G., Scott, Rodney J., Sham, Pak C., Silverman, Jeremy M., Sim, Kang, Steixner, Agnes A., Tooney, Paul A., van Os, Jim, Vawter, Marquis P., Walsh, Dermot, Weiser, Mark, Wildenauer, Dieter B., Williams, Nigel M., Wormley, Brandon K., Zhang, Fuquan, Androutsos, Christos, Arnold, Paul D., Barr, Cathy L., Barta, Csaba, Bey, Katharina, Bienvenu, O. Joseph, Black, Donald W., Brown, Lawrence W., Budman, Cathy, Cath, Danielle, Cheon, Keun-Ah, Ciullo, Valentina, Coffey, Barbara J., Cusi, Daniele, Davis, Lea K., Denys, Damiaan, Depienne, Christel, Dietrich, Andrea, Eapen, Valsamma, Falkai, Peter, Fernandez, Thomas V., Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, Geller, Daniel A., Gilbert, Donald L., Grados, Marco A., Greenberg, Erica, Grünblatt, Edna, Hagstrøm, Julie, Hanna, Gregory L., Hartmann, Andreas, Hedderly, Tammy, Heiman, Gary A., Heyman, Isobel, Hong, Hyun Ju, Huang, Alden, Huyser, Chaim, Ibanez-Gomez, Laura, Khramtsova, Ekaterina A., Kim, Young Key, Kim, Young-Shin, King, Robert A., Koh, Yun-Joo, Konstantinidis, Anastasios, Kook, Sodahm, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett L., Lochner, Christine, Ludolph, Andrea G., Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Malaty, Irene, Maras, Athanasios, McCracken, James T., Meijer, Inge A., Mir, Pablo, Morer, Astrid, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R., Münchau, Alexander, Murphy, Tara L., Naarden, Allan, Nagy, Peter, Nestadt, Gerald, Nestadt, Paul S., Nicolini, Humberto, Nurmi, Erika L., Okun, Michael S., Paschou, Peristera, Piras, Fabrizio, Piras, Federica, Pittenger, Christopher, Plessen, Kerstin J., Richter, Margaret A., Rizzo, Renata, Robertson, Mary, Roessner, Veit, Ruhrmann, Stephan, Samuels, Jack F., Sandor, Paul, Schlögelhofer, Monika, Shin, Eun-Young, Singer, Harvey, Song, Dong-Ho, Song, Jungeun, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Stein, Dan J., Stewart, S Evelyn, Storch, Eric A., Stranger, Barbara, Stuhrmann, Manfred, Tarnok, Zsanett, Tischfield, Jay A., Tübing, Jennifer, Visscher, Frank, Vulink, Nienke, Wagner, Michael, Walitza, Susanne, Wanderer, Sina, Woods, Martin, Worbe, Yulia, Zai, Gwyneth, Zinner, Samuel H., Sullivan, Patrick F., Franke, Barbara, Daly, Mark J., Bulik, Cynthia M., McIntosh, Andrew M., O’Donovan, Michael C., Zheutlin, Amanda, Andreassen, Ole A., Børglum, Anders D., Breen, Gerome, Edenberg, Howard J., Fanous, Ayman H., Faraone, Stephen V., Gelernter, Joel, Mathews, Carol A., Mattheisen, Manuel, Mitchell, Karen S., Neale, Michael C., Nurnberger, John I., Ripke, Stephan, Santangelo, Susan L., Scharf, Jeremiah M., Stein, Murray B., Thornton, Laura M., Walters, James T.R., Wray, Naomi R., Geschwind, Daniel H., Neale, Benjamin M., Kendler, Kenneth S., and Smoller, Jordan W.

Published
2019
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23. DUF1220 copy number is linearly associated with increased cognitive function as measured by total IQ and mathematical aptitude scores

Author

Davis, Jonathon M, Searles, Veronica B, Anderson, Nathan, Keeney, Jonathon, Raznahan, Armin, Horwood, L John, Fergusson, David M, Kennedy, Martin A, Giedd, Jay, and Sikela, James M

Subjects
Human Genome, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Brain Disorders, Genetics, Clinical Research, Neurosciences, Neurological, Adolescent, Adult, Aptitude, Brain, Carrier Proteins, Child, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1, Cognition, Comparative Genomic Hybridization, DNA Copy Number Variations, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Mathematics, Organ Size, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Young Adult, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract

DUF1220 protein domains exhibit the greatest human lineage-specific copy number expansion of any protein-coding sequence in the genome, and variation in DUF1220 copy number has been linked to both brain size in humans and brain evolution among primates. Given these findings, we examined associations between DUF1220 subtypes CON1 and CON2 and cognitive aptitude. We identified a linear association between CON2 copy number and cognitive function in two independent populations of European descent. In North American males, an increase in CON2 copy number corresponded with an increase in WISC IQ (R (2) = 0.13, p = 0.02), which may be driven by males aged 6-11 (R (2) = 0.42, p = 0.003). We utilized ddPCR in a subset as a confirmatory measurement. This group had 26-33 copies of CON2 with a mean of 29, and each copy increase of CON2 was associated with a 3.3-point increase in WISC IQ (R (2) = 0.22, p = 0.045). In individuals from New Zealand, an increase in CON2 copy number was associated with an increase in math aptitude ability (R (2) = 0.10 p = 0.018). These were not confounded by brain size. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report a replicated association between copy number of a gene coding sequence and cognitive aptitude. Remarkably, dosage variations involving DUF1220 sequences have now been linked to human brain expansion, autism severity and cognitive aptitude, suggesting that such processes may be genetically and mechanistically inter-related. The findings presented here warrant expanded investigations in larger, well-characterized cohorts.

Published
2015

24. Patient preferences for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor–agonist treatment attributes

Author

Thieu VT, Robinson S, Kennedy-Martin T, Boye KS, and Garcia-Perez LE

Subjects
T2D mellitus, discrete choice experiment, GLP-1 RA, insulin, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Vivian T Thieu,1 Susan Robinson,2 Tessa Kennedy-Martin,2 Kristina S Boye,1 Luis-Emilio Garcia-Perez1 1Global Patient Outcomes and Real-World Evidence, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA; 2Kennedy-Martin Health Outcomes (KMHO), Brighton, UK Purpose: The importance of patient-centered care in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is widely advocated. Understanding the attributes of T2DM medications important to patients is thus essential for effective management, in order to limit disease progression. This literature review aimed to identify studies comparing patient preferences, based on process and outcome attributes, between GLP1-receptor agonist (RA) profiles and between GLP1 RA and insulin profiles. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library (2005–present) were searched for studies in patients with T2DM or the general population that compared preferences for GLP1 RAs or GLP1 RAs versus insulin using contingent valuation, conjoint analysis (discrete-choice experiments [DCEs], willingness to pay), rating-based approaches of specific attributes, standard gamble, or time trade-off. Studies comparing drug A versus drug B without explicit attribute valuation were excluded. Results: Ten records met eligibility criteria. Eight studies compared preferences for GLP1 RA–profile attributes, one compared GLP1 RA versus insulin glargine profiles, and one addressed both comparisons. Important attributes driving patient preferences in DCEs were dose frequency, type of device, needle size, change in glycated hemoglobin, and adverse-event profile. Time trade-off evaluations demonstrated that weekly GLP1 RA injection-device attributes (reconstitution, waiting during preparation, needle handling) had a measurable impact on preference. Willingness-to-pay analysis showed that patients were more willing to pay extra for attributes of once-daily liraglutide over twice-weekly exenatide or insulin. Direct preference elicitation in DCEs revealed that patients preferred medication profiles representing GLP1 RAs with less frequent dosing and preferred GLP1 RA profiles over insulin. Conclusion: Process and outcome attributes are important drivers of patient preference for GLP1 RAs. Findings from patient-preference studies can inform clinical decision-making and help align care with patient values, which has the potential to improve medication adherence and outcomes. Keywords: T2D mellitus, discrete-choice experiment, GLP1 RA, insulin

Published
2019

26. Health-related quality of life burden of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a robust pragmatic literature review

Author

Tessa Kennedy-Martin, Jay P. Bae, Rosirene Paczkowski, and Emily Freeman

Subjects
Chronic liver disease (CLD), Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), Quality of life, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Objective Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a form of chronic liver disease (CLD): patients have an increased risk of developing cirrhosis, liver failure, and complications (e.g. hepatocellular carcinoma). NASH has a high clinical burden, and likely impairs patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL), but there are currently no licensed therapies. The objective of this robust pragmatic literature review was to identify and describe recent studies on the HRQoL burden of NASH from the patient perspective. Methods English-language primary research studies were identified that measured HRQoL in adults with NASH (population-based studies or clinical trials of pharmacological therapy). Searches were conducted in the following bibliographical databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), and Health Technology Assessment Database (HTA). Abstracts from selected congresses (2015/2016) were hand searched. Articles were assessed for relevance by two independent reviewers, and HRQoL data were extracted. Results A total of 567 de-duplicated abstracts were identified, and 20 full-text articles were reviewed. Eight studies were included: five quantitative, two interventional, and one qualitative. The quantitative and interventional studies measured HRQoL using the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ), and the qualitative study involved focus groups and individual interviews. Overall, the studies showed that NASH affects HRQoL, especially physical functioning, with many patients reporting being fatigued. In quantitative studies, overall, patients with NASH had a reduced HRQoL versus normative populations and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, but not versus chronic liver diseases. A longitudinal study showed that when weight loss was achieved, HRQoL improvement over 6 months was greater in patients with NASH versus NAFLD. Qualitative research suggested that, in addition to fatigue, other symptoms are also burdensome, having a broad negative impact on patients’ lives. The impact of pharmacological treatment on HRQoL was explored in only two included studies. Conclusions HRQoL is impaired in patients with NASH. Patients experience a range of symptoms, especially fatigue, and the impact on their lives is broad. Further research is needed to understand the HRQoL burden of NASH (e.g. assessing NASH-specific impacts not captured by SF-36 and CLDQ) and the impact of future NASH therapies on HRQoL.

Published
2018
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32. Analysis of DNA methylation associates the cystine–glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 with risk of Parkinson’s disease

Author

Vallerga, Costanza L., Zhang, Futao, Fowdar, Javed, McRae, Allan F., Qi, Ting, Nabais, Marta F., Zhang, Qian, Kassam, Irfahan, Henders, Anjali K., Wallace, Leanne, Montgomery, Grant, Chuang, Yu-Hsuan, Horvath, Steve, Ritz, Beate, Halliday, Glenda, Hickie, Ian, Kwok, John B., Pearson, John, Pitcher, Toni, Kennedy, Martin, Bentley, Steven R., Silburn, Peter A., Yang, Jian, Wray, Naomi R., Lewis, Simon J. G., Anderson, Tim, Dalrymple-Alford, John, Mellick, George D., Visscher, Peter M., and Gratten, Jacob

Published
2020
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34. Cost of medication adherence and persistence in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a literature review

Author

Kennedy-Martin T, Boye KS, and Peng X

Subjects
adherence, persistence, type 2 diabetes mellitus, costs, review, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Tessa Kennedy-Martin,1 Kristina S Boye,2 Xiaomei Peng2 1Kennedy-Martin Health Outcomes Ltd, Brighton, UK; 2Global Health Outcomes, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA Purpose: To explore published evidence on health care costs associated with adherence or persistence to antidiabetes medications in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: Primary research studies published between January 2006 and December 2015 on compliance, adherence, or persistence and treatment in patients with T2DM that document a link with health care costs were identified through literature searches in bibliographic databases and 2015 abstract books for relevant DM congresses. Results were assessed for relevance by two reviewers. The review was part of a larger overview evaluating the impact of adherence and persistence on a range of clinical and economic outcomes; only findings from the cost element are reported herein.Results: A total of 4,662 de-duplicated abstracts were identified and 110 studies included in the wider review. Of these, 19 reported an association between adherence (n=13), persistence (n=5), or adherence and persistence (n=1), and health care costs. All studies were retrospective, with sample sizes ranging from 301 to 740,195. Medication possession ratio was the most commonly employed adherence measure (n=11). The majority of adherence studies (n=9) reported that medication adherence was associated with lower total health care costs. Pharmacy costs were often increased in adherent patients but this was offset by beneficial effects on other costs. Findings were more variable in persistence studies; three reported that higher pharmacy costs in persistent patients were not sufficiently offset by savings in other areas to result in a reduction in total health care costs.Conclusions: Few studies have evaluated the relationship between adherence, persistence, and health care costs in T2DM. However, it has been consistently shown that medication nonadherence increases health care costs, suggesting that cost savings from better adherence could be substantial. Available data support the economic case for identification of strategies that facilitate improved medication adherence in patients with T2DM. Keywords: adherence, persistence, type 2 diabetes mellitus, costs, review

Published
2017

35. Treatment-Related Attributes of Diabetes Therapies and How People with Type 2 Diabetes Report Their Impact on Indicators of Medication-Taking Behaviors

Author

Tracy J, Sims, Kristina S, Boye, Susan, Robinson, and Tessa, Kennedy-Martin

Subjects
Health Policy, Medicine (miscellaneous), Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous), Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Understanding the treatment-related attributes influencing medication-taking behaviors in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is important for delivery of patient-centered care. This review aimed to identify and summarize studies in which people with T2D (PwD) directly indicated the treatment-related attributes associated with medication-taking behaviors or intentions.EMBASE and PubMed were searched for studies (Jan 2005-May 2021) reporting the link between PwD-expressed diabetes treatment-related attributes and the decision to initiate, adhere to, or discontinue a T2D medication. Eligible studies reported attributes associated with oral antidiabetes drugs or injectables (not insulin). Studies not explicitly exploring the link between attributes and indicators of behaviors (eg most discrete-choice experiments [DCE] and those interrogating electronic medical records or claims databases) were excluded, as were studies where the link between attribute and behavior came from anyone but the PwD.Of the 6464 studies identified, 16 were included. Studies were conducted across multiple countries; the USA was most represented (n = 8 studies). The impact of treatment attributes was described on indicators of initiation (n = 3), adherence (n = 12), and discontinuation (n = 4). Some studies evaluated multiple behaviors. PwD perspectives were solicited by structured questionnaires (n = 10), qualitative approaches (n = 4), or DCE explicitly exploring the link to medication-taking behaviors (n = 2). Closed- (n = 9) and open-ended questions (n = 7) were employed. Across studies, several factors including glycemic efficacy (n = 9), weight change (n = 9), dosing frequency (n = 9), hypoglycemia (n = 8), gastrointestinal adverse events (n = 8), regimen complexity (n = 6), route of administration (n = 3), and cardiovascular risk (n = 1) were reported as influencing behaviors, being motivators or barriers to initiation, adherence, or discontinuation.Several attributes influence how PwD take their medications. Insights gained directly from PwD have the potential to assist stakeholders in making more informed, patient-centered, treatment decisions, thus choosing and managing medications that PwD are comfortable initiating and persisting with over the longer term.

Published
2022
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37. Improved precision of epigenetic clock estimates across tissues and its implication for biological ageing

Author

Zhang, Qian, Vallerga, Costanza L., Walker, Rosie M., Lin, Tian, Henders, Anjali K., Montgomery, Grant W., He, Ji, Fan, Dongsheng, Fowdar, Javed, Kennedy, Martin, Pitcher, Toni, Pearson, John, Halliday, Glenda, Kwok, John B., Hickie, Ian, Lewis, Simon, Anderson, Tim, Silburn, Peter A., Mellick, George D., Harris, Sarah E., Redmond, Paul, Murray, Alison D., Porteous, David J., Haley, Christopher S., Evans, Kathryn L., McIntosh, Andrew M., Yang, Jian, Gratten, Jacob, Marioni, Riccardo E., Wray, Naomi R., Deary, Ian J., McRae, Allan F., and Visscher, Peter M.

Published
2019
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43. Missed and Mistimed Insulin Doses in People with Diabetes: A Systematic Literature Review

Author

Rachel S. Newson, Susan Robinson, Birong Liao, Tessa Kennedy-Martin, and Tadej Battelino

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, Real world evidence, medicine.disease, Hypoglycemia, INSULIN USE, Medical Laboratory Technology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Endocrinology, Systematic review, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Approaches of management, Intensive care medicine, business, Systematic Reviews as Topic
Abstract

Background: Development of coordinated management approaches is important to facilitate self-care in people with diabetes (PwD). Gaining a better understanding of suboptimal insulin use is key in t...

Published
2021
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47. Allelic diversity of the pharmacogene CYP2D6 in New Zealand Māori and Pacific peoples

Author

Hitchman, Leonie M., primary, Faatoese, Allamanda, additional, Merriman, Tony R., additional, Miller, Allison L., additional, Liau, Yusmiati, additional, Graham, Oscar E. E., additional, Kee, Ping Siu, additional, Pearson, John F., additional, Fakahau, Tony, additional, Cameron, Vicky A., additional, Kennedy, Martin A., additional, and Maggo, Simran D. S., additional

Published
2022
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49. Which multi-attribute utility instruments are recommended for use in cost-utility analysis? A review of national health technology assessment (HTA) guidelines

Author

Matthew Kennedy-Martin, Jan J. V. Busschbach, Tessa Kennedy-Martin, Kristina S. Boye, Michael Herdman, Wolfgang Greiner, Mandy van Reenen, Bernhard Slaap, and Psychiatry

Subjects
Technology Assessment, Biomedical, Computer science, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Health Status, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), Guidelines, i11, i18, Technology assessment, Pharmacoeconomics, Utility, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Multi-attribute utility, Economics, Pharmaceutical, Health technology assessment, Reimbursement, Original Paper, Cost–utility analysis, Actuarial science, Health economics, Health Policy, Cost-utility analysis, Multi-attribute utility instruments, Guideline, Preference, Quality of Life
Abstract

Background Several multi-attribute utility instruments (MAUIs) are available from which utilities can be derived for use in cost-utility analysis (CUA). This study provides a review of recommendations from national health technology assessment (HTA) agencies regarding the choice of MAUIs. Methods A list was compiled of HTA agencies that provide or refer to published official pharmacoeconomic (PE) guidelines for pricing, reimbursement or market access. The guidelines were reviewed for recommendations on the indirect calculation of utilities and categorized as: a preference for a specific MAUI; providing no MAUI preference, but providing examples of suitable MAUIs and/or recommending the use of national value sets; and recommending CUA, but not providing examples of MAUIs. Results Thirty-four PE guidelines were included for review. MAUIs named for use in CUA: EQ-5D (n = 29 guidelines), the SF-6D (n = 11), HUI (n = 10), QWB (n = 3), AQoL (n = 2), CHU9D (n = 1). EQ-5D was a preferred MAUI in 15 guidelines. Alongside the EQ-5D, the HUI was a preferred MAUI in one guideline, with DALY disability weights mentioned in another. Fourteen guidelines expressed no preference for a specific MAUI, but provided examples: EQ-5D (n = 14), SF-6D (n = 11), HUI (n = 9), QWB (n = 3), AQoL (n = 2), CHU9D (n = 1). Of those that did not specify a particular MAUI, 12 preferred calculating utilities using national preference weights. Conclusions The EQ-5D, HUI, and SF-6D were the three MAUIs most frequently mentioned in guidelines. The most commonly cited MAUI (in 85% of PE guidelines) was EQ-5D, either as a preferred MAUI or as an example of a suitable MAUI for use in CUA in HTA.

Published
2020

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