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Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Synopsis After our observation of “quasi-equilibrium” in charge-state evolution for 2.0 MeV/u sulfur ions after carbon foil penetration, we have extended the initial ions to 1.0 and 2.0 MeV/u carbon ions. A significant quasi-equilibrium was observed for 1.0 MeV/u C+C collisions, where the equilibrium mean charge-state was 4.9, while for 2.0 MeV/u C+C collisions, where the equilibrium mean charge-states was 5.6, was a weak quasi-equilibrium.

Energy spectra of electrons ejected through autoionization decay of high-Rydberg states in high-energy collisions of Nq+ (q = 1–3) with He have been measured with high-resolution by using zero-degree electron spectroscopy. Several series of autoionizing lines were observed, corresponding to decays from N3+ 1s22p(2P)nl Rydberg states produced in N3+ + He collisions, from N2+ 1s22s2p(3P)nl Rydberg states produced in N2+ + He and from N+ 1s22s2p2(4P)nl Rydberg states produced in N+ + He, respectively. Angular momentum distributions for the first or second peak of three series of Coster–Kronig electron transitions for Nq+ (q = 1–3) projectiles are also discussed, where the highly excited states are formed by electron excitation.

Electrons emitted from high Rydberg states formed by penetration of 2.0 MeV/u Ar6, 13, 14, 15+ ions through C-foil targets of various thicknesses (4.0 - 20 µg/cm2) have been measured with high resolution utilizing zero-degree electron spectroscopy. Intense series of Coster-Kronig peaks due to Ar14+ 1s22p(2P3/2,1/2)nl - 1s22s(2S1/2)el' and Ar13+ 1s22s2p(3P2,1,0)nl - 1s22s2 (1S0)el' transitions, in which the principal quantum number, n, starts at 10 and increases with increasing peak energy, have been observed for every combination of initial charge state and foil thickness, and quite a few number of other peaks remain unassigned in the electron energy region investigated. Intensities of each series of Coster-Kronig electron peaks follow the n-3 law. The mean charge states after the foil penetration have been found to be the same within 10% uncertainty and the total intensity of the Coster-Kronig transitions including Ar15+ 1s22p(2P) and Ar14+ 1s22s2p(3P) cores have also been found to remain constant for all the collision systems investigated. The total Ar15+ 1s22p(2P) population derived from n = 10 transition peaks is found to be almost the same as those of Ar14+ 1s22s2p(3P), which is in contrast to the ratio of Ar15+ to Ar14+ fractions measured downstream the foil.

Resonant coherent excitation (RCE) of 390 MeV/u hydrogen-like Ar 17a ions planar channeled in a Si crystal was investigated through measurements of the de-excitation X-rays as well as the charge state distribution of the transmitted ions. We observed enhancements of both the fraction of ionized Ar 18a ions and the intensity of the de-excitation X-rays under the RCE condition. The na 2 states of Ar 17a in the crystal are split into four energy levels due to spin‐orbit interaction and Stark eAect induced by the planar potential of the crystal. The intensities of the X-rays from the lower two levels were found to be smaller compared with those from the higher two levels, which is explained by the dominance of the 2s component not decaying via a single photon emission. The diAerence between the resonance profiles of the charge state and the X-ray reflects the nature of na 2 states in the crystal field. ” 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

We observed resonant coherent excitation (RCE) of 1s electron to n=2 states in Ar17+ through measurements of the survived fraction of 390 MeV/u hydrogen-like Ar17+ channeled in a Si crystal. We adopted a totally depleted Si surface barrier detector as a target crystal as well as a probe of the energy deposition. The charge state of emerged ions was measured by a combination of a charge separation magnet and a 2D-position sensitive detector. We observed the RCE for planar channeled ions by tilting the target Si crystal from the direction of [1 1 0] axis in the (2 2 0) , (0 0 4) , and (1 1 1) planes. Prominent resonances at tilt angles under the resonance condition were observed. Moreover, each resonance profile is split into several lines due to the l·s interaction and the Stark effect originating in the static crystal field. The energy deposition in the crystal gives the information of the amplitude of the ion trajectory. The resonance peak position, intensity and width in the survived fraction of Ar17+ reflect the position dependent strength of the crystal field, the RCE and the electron loss probabilities. They are in good accord with our calculation of the transition energy and probability.

Soft X-rays were measured in collision of 1‐3 keV/u Ar qa (qa 2‐14) ions on an amorphous C target. Ar L X-rays due to initial L-shell holes were successfully decomposed. It was found that L-shell vacancies of Ar were filled stepwise primarily via 3s‐2p transition for each step. ” 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

In 89-MeV Sc{sup 8+}+He collisions, the light target atom He was used to ionize selectively the 2{ital p} shell of the scandium projectile. The subsequent {ital L}-shell Auger emission from Mg-like Sc{sup 9+} was measured with high resolution using the method of zero-degree Auger spectroscopy. The spectra are dominated by three peak groups that are attributed to transitions from the various initial states belonging to the configuration 1{ital s}{sup 2}2{ital s}{sup 2}2{ital p}{sup 5}3{ital s}{sup 2}3{ital p} to the final states 1{ital s}{sup 2}2{ital s}{sup 2}2{ital p}{sup 6}3{ital s} {sup 2}{ital S}, 1{ital s}{sup 2}2{ital s}{sup 2}2{ital p}{sup 6}3{ital p} {sup 2}{ital P}, and 1{ital s}{sup 2}2{ital s}{sup 2}2{ital p}{sup 6}3{ital d} {sup 2}{ital D}. The {sup 2}{ital P}{sub 1/2-}{sup 2}{ital P}{sub 3/2} fine-structure splitting was resolved for the final configuration 1{ital s}{sup 2}2{ital s}{sup 2}2{ital p}{sup 6}3{ital p}. The branching ratio for the transition to 1{ital s}{sup 2}2{ital s}{sup 2}2{ital p}{sup 6}3{ital d} {sup 2}{ital D}, which involves three electrons and, thus, must be ascribed to correlation, is compared to earlier results for the isoelectronic ions Al{sup +} and Ar{sup 6+}. Good agreement between observed and calculated branching ratios to the three final states is obtained by including onlymore » correlation in the initial state. A discrepancy for the branching to the 1{ital s}{sup 2}2{ital s}{sup 2}2{ital p}{sup 6}3{ital d} {sup 2}{ital D} term, which was observed already in the earlier investigation of Ar{sup 6+}, has been removed by including correlation in the {ital n}=2 shell in addition to the correlation in the {ital n}=3 shell, which was the only correlation introduced previously.« less

The pin-formed mutant pin 1-1, one of the Arabidopsis flower mutants, has several structural abnormalities in inflorescence axes, flowers, and leaves. In some cases, pin1-1 forms a flower with abnormal structure (wide petals, no stamens, pistil-like structure with no ovules in the ovary) at the top of inflorescence axes. In other cases, no floral buds are formed on the axes. An independently isolated allelic mutant (pin1-2) shows similar phenotypes. These mutant phenotypes are exactly the same in wild-type plants cultured in the presence of chemical compounds known as auxin polar transport inhibitors: 9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylic acid or N-(1-naphthyl)phthalamic acid. We tested the polar transport activity of indole-3-acetic acid and the endogenous amount of free indole-3-acetic acid in the tissue of inflorescence axes of the pin1 mutants and wild type. The polar transport activity in the pin 1-1 mutant and in the pin1-2 mutant was decreased to 14% and 7% of wild type, respectively. These observations strongly suggest that the normal level of polar transport activity in the inflorescence axes is required in early developmental stages of floral bud formation in Arabidopsis and that the primary function of the pin1 gene is auxin polar transport in the inflorescence axis.

Charge-state evolution of 2.0 MeV/u carbon, sulfur, and 1.0 MeV/u tungsten ions after carbon-foil penetration has been studied experimentally in the foil thickness range covering both pre- and after the equilibrium. It was observed for the first time that mean charge-states for Sq+ (q = 6-14) initial ions evolved to coincide in 12.3 at a target thickness of 6.9 μg/cm2, showing a "quasi-equilibrium," and further evolved simultaneously to a real equilibrium value of 12.68, whereas those for Sq+ (q = 15, 16) initial ions evolved directly to the real equilibrium, without through the "quasi-equilibrium," until the target thickness was increased to 100 μg/cm2. Such kind of shell-effect was observed also for C-ions, and could be qualitatively reproduced by some simulations.

Radial compression of a proton cloud was performed in a multiring trap which was designed to trap and cool a large number of antiprotons for the production of low-energy $(10--1000\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV})$ antiproton beams. The resonance frequency for the radial compression was almost constant from $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ to $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ protons. The collision process of the trapped protons was also investigated to estimate the energy of the protons inside the trap. This technique will be applied to the ASACUSA experiment at the antiproton decelerator, CERN, to extract ultraslow antiprotons with good emittance.

An extremely-thin Germanium crystal (0.8 μm-thick) has been firstly exploited in the resonant coherent excitation (RCE) experiment. The 460 MeV/u H-like Fe25+ ions were incident on the Ge crystal under the (220) planar channeling as well as non-channeling conditions. The RCE from 1s to 2p1/2 and 2p3/2 states were successfully observed as an enhancement of the x-ray fluorescence.

Acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary glands is a rare cancer representing a low grade malignancy. The recurrence of a tumor is sometimes encountered, usually within 5 years of initial operation. We describe an unusual recurrence after a long interval following primary surgery. In 1987, a 60-year-old woman underwent excision of a mass in the superficial lobe of the right parotid gland under the preoperative diagnosis of a benign tumor. A histologic diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma was made by examining sections from the resected mass. The patient noted several small nodules in the right parotid region in 1995, but she did not visit our clinic until 1998 when tenderness developed. A locally recurrent tumor and cervical lymph nodes containing metastases were resected and postoperative radiotherapy was given 11 years after the first operation. At least 10 years of follow-up may be necessary for patients with acinic cell carcinoma because of slow-tumor growth.

We examined the effect of recombinant IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma on induction of LAK cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) in 7 pre-operative breast cancer patients and 4 healthy volunteers. Significant LAK activity was developed from PBMNCs of pre-operative breast cancer patients and healthy volunteers after incubation for 4 days with IL-2 (presence of IL-2 vs. absence of IL-2). Incubation of PBMNCs of pre-operative breast cancer patients with 1000 U/ml of IFN-alpha for 4 days suppressed the LAK activity significantly (P0.05). By contrast, incubation of PBMNCs of pre-operative patients with 1000 U/ml of IFN-gamma for 4 days increased the LAK activity significantly (P0.05). Significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells (estrogen receptor positive human breast cancer cell line) was developed from PBMNCs of pre-operative breast cancer patients at 20:1 and 40:1 E/T ratios after incubation for 4 days with IL-2 (absence of IL-2 vs. 20:1 or 40:1, P0.05, P0.05), whereas PBMNCs of healthy volunteers did not. Stimulation of LAK cells with IFN-gamma produced a significant augmentation of cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (P0.05), while IFN-alpha suppressed the cytotoxicity significantly (P0.05). These findings suggested that combined stimulation by IFN-gamma and IL-2 might be a reasonable treatment for breast cancer patients.

Total calcium is routinely measured after thyroidectomy in a clinical setting, while the measurement or calculation of the free calcium level is not generally performed. We reviewed total and free calcium levels in patients who underwent lobectomy (n = 15), subtotal thyroidectomy (n = 15) and total thyroidectomy (n = 15). Postoperative total calcium levels decreased significantly in comparison to preoperative levels in all thyroidectomies (p0.01), and this fall was significantly related to the extent of surgery (p0.01). In contrast, there was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative free calcium levels in patients undergoing lobectomy, although we found a decrease in free calcium levels after both subtotal and total thyroidectomy. Total protein levels decreased regardless of the type of operation. Serum total calcium levels were thought to be altered by serum protein levels through the change of protein-bound calcium levels. When examined for free calcium levels, some patients were administered unnecessary calcium supplementation because hypocalcemia had been judged from the total calcium level. Since the wrong diagnosis may be given with regard to hypoparathyroidism by measurement of total calcium levels alone, we propose that free calcium levels should be routinely measured or calculated after thyroidectomy.

The pitot pump is composed of the rotating casing with the impeller channel and the pitot tube type collector as the discharge line. The radial impeller feeds water to the rotating casing. The water rotating together with the casing is caught by the stationary pitot tube type collector, and then discharges to the outside. This type pump, as the extra high head pump, is provided mainly for boiler feed systems, and has been designed by trial and error. To optimize the pump profiles, it is desirable to investigate not only performances but also internal flow conditions. This paper discusses experimentally and numerically the relation between the pump performances and the flow conditions in the rotating casing. The moderately larger dimensions of the collector make the pump head and the discharge high with the higher hydraulic efficiency. The flow in the casing is almost the forced vortex type whose velocity is in proportion to the radius but the core velocity is affected with the drag force of the stationary collector. Based upon the above results, the profile of the pitot tube type collector was optimized with the numerical simulation.

Traditional type pumped storage system contributes to adjust the electric power unbalance between day and night, in general. This serial research proposes the hybrid power system combined the wind power unit with the pump-turbine unit, to provide the constant output for the grid system, even at the suddenly fluctuating/turbulent wind. In the pumping mode, the pump should operate unsteadily at not only the normal but also the partial discharge. The operation may be unstable in the rising portion of the head characteristics at the lower discharge, and/or bring the cavitation at the low suction head. To simultaneously overcome both weak points, the authors have proposed a superior pump unit that is composed of counter-rotating type impellers and a peculiar motor with double rotational armatures. This paper discusses the operation at the turbine mode of the above unit. It is concluded with the numerical simulations that this type unit can be also operated acceptably at the turbine mode, because the unit works so as to coincide the angular momentum change through the front runners/impellers with that thorough the rear runners/impellers, namely to take the axial flow at not only the inlet but also the outlet without the guide vanes.

Background: The prognosis of the breast cancer patient doesn't depend on the local treatment, but on the systemic treatment. Breast conserving therapy, lumpectomy following radiotherapy, has been proved to be as good as mastectomy in several clinical trials. When focused ultrasound waves propagate in tissue, the energy is absorbed and converted to heat, resulting in tissue coagulation. MRI is the best modality in spatial resolution for the detection of breast cancer spread. Two phase II clinical studies (excision studies) to investigate pathological efficacy and clinical safety of MR guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) were conducted and their outcome has been published.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to inspect the efficacy and safety of MRgFUS as a local treatment for early breast cancer followed by radiotherapy in a phase III study.Methods: The inclusion criteria include 1) tumor diagnosis by core needle biopsy under ultrasound 2) HER-2,HR status confirmation 3) tumor size is less than 15mm in diameter, 4) well demarcated mass in contrast enhanced MRI. The exclusion criteria include 1) pure type mucinous carcinoma, 2) invasive micropapillary carcinoma, 3)skin dimple or dimpling sign, previous surgical scar of the skin above the tumor, 4) location of the tumor requires a high sonication angle. Core needle biopsy was performed again within three weeks after ablation and no residual viable cancer cells were identified by HE stain and single strand DNA immunohistochemical stein. The following radiotherapy is whole breast(50Gy) and boost(10Gy). Results: Fifty patients entered this study and forty-one lesions were completely treated from April 2005 to June 2009. The median age was 57 years old (37 - 72). The average tumor size was 11.0mm (6 - 15). The median follow up period was 29 months (1 - 48). Thirty five cases were followed up for more than 12 months. There were no severe adverse events and no local recurrence cases.Conclusions: Although the number of cases is still small and the follow-up period is short, MRgFUS has the potential of replacing usual breast conserving surgery. Strict selection of cases is essential. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4126.

We demonstrate the alignment of H-like and He-like heavy ions by three-dimensional resonant coherent excitation in a thin crystalline target. The projectile ions experienced a linearly polarized oscillating field in a crystal and were excited to a specific magnetic substate, forming the aligned 2P state. We prepared the different directions of the aligned states and observed the anisotropy of deexcitation x-ray emission, which was in good agreement with theoretical estimates.

We exploited the double resonance technique in three-dimensional resonant coherent excitation to the production of hollow He-like and Li-like heavy ions. The two K-shell electron were sequentially excited to the L-shell using two frequency components of the oscillating fields arising from the different arrays of atomic planes in a Si crystal.

Convoy electrons emitted from 416 MeV/u heliumlike Ar16+ ions excited by three-dimensional resonant coherent excitation (3D-RCE) have been explored. The 1s electron in the ground state was excited to the 2p state by a periodic crystal field during the passage through a Si crystal and released into the continuum by collisions with target atoms to form a cusp-shaped peak in the energy distribution, referred to as convoy electron. Under the resonance condition, we found not only enhancement of the convoy electron yield but also significant narrowing in the energy distribution, reflecting the initial bound state momentum distribution of the excited ions. This suggests that RCE is well-suited to study fast ion collisions involving the specific excited state.

Coster-Kronig (C-K) electrons ejected through autoionization decay of high-Rydberg states in high-energy collisions of Nq+ (q = 1-3) and O q+ (q = 1,2) with He have been measured with high resolution by using zero-degree electron spectroscopy. Autoionizing lines are observed corresponding to decays from 1s22p(2P)nl Rydberg states for 21 MeV N3+ + He, from 1s22s2p(3P)nl Rydberg states for 21 MeV N2+ + He and from 1s22s2p2(4P)nl Rydberg states for 14 MeV N+ + He, respectively. Angular momentum distributions of these three series of C-K decaying Rydberg states for Nq+ (q = 1-3) projectiles are also discussed, where the highly excited states are formed by single-electron excitation. Similarly, series of the autoionizing Rydberg states are observed for two charge states of incident O ions. The C-K spectra observed can be assigned to decays from 1s22s2p2(4P)nl states for 30 MeV O2+ + He and from 1s22s2p3(5S)nl states for 15 MeV O+ + He.

We investigated resonant coherent excitation (RCE) of 445 MeV/u Li-like Ar15+ under the planar channeling and non-channeling conditions. The K-shell and L-shell excitations are observed as decreases in the survival fraction of the Ar15+ ions after passing through a thin Si crystal. RCE under the planar channeling condition provides the opportunity to study a strong static Stark effect on the Li-like system with K-shell or L-shell vacancy. Under the non-channeling conditions, the observed excitation energies and the reported theoretical calculations were in reasonable agreement.

Anther and pistil lengths of 61 cultivars and experimental strains of common wheat were measured just before flowering. Anther length varied from 3.0 to 5.1 mm, and pistil length varied from 3.8 to 5.2 mm. A specific correlation was observed between anther length and flowering date among the parental strains, as well as in the F1 generations of 13 cross combinations; Anther length on flowering date fitted well to a curvelinear regression of the second order in parental and F1 generations. The reduction of anther length in both early and late flowering cultivars was attributed to the worse environmental conditions for their floral development, compared to the intermediate types. Such relationship between anther length and flowering date was not found in the F2 generation. This indicates that most of the genes controlling the two characters are different. Heritability of anther length estimated from the regression coefficient of the F1s on the midparents was greater than 0.65.

The developmental and morphogenetic process of pistil formation was examined by analysing flowers of wild type and six flower mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana , a small crucifer. The wild type is suggested to originate from two ‘pistil-forming units’ (carpels) arranged laterally against the axis of the inflorescence at a pistil primordium. Aberrant structures of the pistils of mutants indicate that a set of genes regulate each step of pistil development and morphogenesis, namely arrangement of the units at the pistil primordia, fusion of the units, growth of primordia, formation of the septum in the ovary, and formation of the stigma.

Using 131 sib-mated lines of buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, the homozygous genetic load for viability was estimated by a modification of the Morton-Crow-Muller (1956) method, under favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions. Two kinds of genetic load, designated A and B, were estimated to be 0.225 and 0.653 in favorable conditions, and 0.343 and 2.623 in unfavorable conditions, respectively. Concealed genetic variability has been maintained within the cultivated buckwheat population, to the extent reported for Drosophila. A method for estimating the genetic fitness of the species is described.

A 34 year old female suffering from Rbeumatoid arthritis since her 20th year of age. She has been noticed tumorous swelling of medial condyle of bilateral humerus since December, 1969. These tumors enlarged gradually and then developed claw hand with sensory disturbance of 4th and 5th fingers. In x-ray findings of bilateral elbow joints, humerus, radius and ulna were all remarkably destructive and absorptive, that is classical Arthritis mutilans. Synovectomy in right elbow-joint was carried out in April, 1971. There were numerous cartilainous loose bodies in the capsule and respectively semitransparent substances from ant-egg to the head of little finger in size. In histological study, cartilaginous loose bodie were constituted with fibrinoid lucid substances and Synovial membrane thickened and infiltrated with chronic iuflammatory cells. Synovectomy in left elbow-joint was carried out in october 1971. Abundant free bodies were detected similary.

Recently, an extremely interesting case of melorheostosis was encountered at the Kagoshima prefectual Hospital for crippled children.A review of the world literature failed to disclose similar marked progression of the disease.Therefore this case is of sufficient interest to warrant a report.The diagnosis is made from its characteristic roentgen appearance.The charcteristic appearance resembling was flowing down the side of a candle is present in the streaked, sclerotic thickening on one side of the long bones of the limb.The condition was first described in 1922 by Leni and joanny.The patient was a boy of seven years old.He was first seen in May 1968, at the age of seven, because of Pes calcaneus in the left limb, and the condition was found incidentally on roentgengrams.Roentgenograms showed that in the left ilium, extending from the acetabulum upward, there was an irregular area of markedly increased density. The head of the femur the tibia, the fibula, and the tarsal bones, demonstrated similar sclerotic areas.Abnormalities of the soft tissues of the affected limb, was found, including scleroderma.Etiology and pathogenesis of Melorheostosis are unknown.

Anterior fusion operation for metastatic cervical carcinoma has rarely reported in Japan.We had a case, forty-nine female, of metastatic cervical carcinoma of breast cancer.In past history, she suffered from right breast cancer five years ago and was treated with radical mastectomy, radiation “Co60” and hormone-therapy. Then she was performed bilateral oophorectomy.In 1971, June, anterior interbody fusion carried out at the C6-C7-Th1 levels.The result of the operation was satisfactory. Here we report this case with some referential observations.

マルテンサイト組織化した鉄筋を用いて作った鉄筋コンクリート部材は, 鉄筋を焼きもどすことによりマルテンサイト組織が変化して鉄筋に収縮が生じてプレストレスコンクリートに変わる. このことを利用して, 実用性のあるプレストレスコンクリート製品をうる目的で少しばかり実験を行なった.その結果, 炉中にて鉄筋を焼きもどすと加熱時間が長時間のためコンクリートが劣化してき裂を生じたり, 鉄筋にレラクゼーションが生じるためか充分な結果が得られないことがわかった. また, 高周波誘導加熱により鉄筋を焼きもどす場合, 鉄筋応力が約30kg/mm2でプレストレス応力を加えることができること, 高周波コイルは1重コイルより2重コイルのほうが良いこと, この加熱方法でもコンクリートにき裂が生じることなどが判明した.また, 鉄筋の材質, 焼き入れ方法の研究により, 一層大きなプレストレスを与える可能性があることなどもわかった.

高分子材料の発展に従い熱可塑性樹脂においても副構造的用途としての利用度は大きい.われわれは数種の熱可塑性樹脂を20±1℃, 65±3%R, Hのふんい気で平面曲げ疲労試験機にて実験を行なった.その結果, 1) 熱可塑性樹脂の疲労強度は約1～3kg/mm2程度である. 2)S-N曲線において二様性があるものとそうでないものとがある. 3) 疲労強度と曲げ強度との比はほぼ, 20±5%の範囲に入るものが多い, などがわかった.

Electromyographic investigations by evoked method were performed on 23 patients of cerebral palsy aged from six to sixteen male and female. 14 patients of them are spastic type, 3 are ataxic, and others are mixed.The H wave was recorded from calf muscle following stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa.The results of the repetitive evoked electromyography and recovery curves were compared with normal ones.On repetitive evoked method, in both low and high frequency, the H wave schowed high amplitude and undulations in many cases.In high frequency, 20 cps, spastic, ataxic, and mixed type seemed to schow different patterns.The recovery curves vary much in many cases.To observate the effect of the drugs, Diazepam and Chlormezanon, two patients of spastic type were selected. Diazepam (6mg per day) was given to one, Chlormezanon (3 tab. per day) was to another for one month. The recovery curves before and after medication were compared.

We had studied the therapeutic results of four cases of fibrous dysplasia in our clinic. Two cases of them were monostotic and the others were polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. There was no Albright's syndrome. Curettages with bone graft were carried out at six times in total. One of bone grafts was autograft and five were heterograft. In the treated bone lesions described above, there were three lesions recurred within a year. The recurrence developed in adolescent patients and there was no recurrence in adult patient despite with recurrent condition. In one of the patients, a postradiation osteogenic sarcoma had developed and the patient died after six months of malignant change.

A new method to measure reaction times by the use of the blocking effect of energetic particles in single crystals was applied to the 28Si(p, p′)28Si∗, 70Ge(p, p′)70Ge∗ and 72Ge(p, p′)72Ge∗ reactions. For germanium, reaction times of the order of 10−17 s were observed.

We present a theoretical study of convoy electron emission resulting from transmission of relativistic 390 MeV/amu Ar17+ ions through carbon foils of various thicknesses. Our approach is based on a Langevin equation describing the random walk of the electron initially bound to the argon nucleus and later in the continuum. The calculated spectra of ejected electrons in the forward direction exhibit clear signatures of multiple scattering and are found to be in good agreement with recent experimental data.

The reaction times for the 27 Al(p,α) 24 Mg reaction at incident proton energies of 633 and 1183 keV have been measured by the use of the blocking method. For the 633 keV resonance, the measured reaction time is 0.136 ± 0.012 fs.

Some cases of low back pain are resistant to various conservative treatments. For such cases we have tried the epidural injection of dectan-suspension, and report the results of fifty cases. The effect of the treatment is evaluated in five grades: complete cure, remarkable improvement, improvement, no change, and change for the worse.The data thus obtained is examined from three points of view, that is, in relation to the kind of disease, the periods since the onset of the disease, and the frequency of injections. The conclusion is that a complete cure or remarkable improvement is often observed in the cases of sciatic pain, that the earlier the treatment is given, the greater the effect is, and that the injections seems to be limited to five or six. This method seems to be very helpful in confirming operative indication for intervertebral disc protrusion.

Kossel-Möllenstedt and Kikuchi patterns are obtained by transmission scanning electron microscopy and compared with those obtained by the convergent beam technique from the same portion of the specimen. The identity of corresponding patterns obtained by both techniques shows the validity of the reciprocal theorem in electron diffraction for both elastic and inelastic scattering. The variations of Kossel-Möllenstedt patterns with the conditions of the incident beam and the position of the detector are also shown.