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Conformance improvement is commonly referred to as the action of improving the drive-fluid sweep efficiency during an oil- recovery flooding operation. This technical note highlights the authors lessons learned during the field application of one of the most widely used and quite successful conformance technologies, which is Cr(III)-carboxylate/acrylamide-polymer (CC/AP). To date, the authors have been involved in the analysis, candidate selection, design, field application and post-treatment evaluation of ±700 injection well treatments over the last 25 years. A look back to the earliest treatment designs and field applications as compared to the more recent applications, clearly shows that we have made advancements to achieve better and more consistent results. These changes have occurred gradually over time as new lessons learned are continuously applied to improve treatment strategies and results.

The aim of this article is to determine the relationship between architecture and teaching, providing functional architecture models that are capable of absorbing the teaching load for movement and, fundamentally, for the development of kinesthetic intelligence (Howard Gardner). For this, we will establish a metric range of spatial proportions, m2/student ratio, in accordance with the activities performed on the BAPNE method. This study will focus on students of Pre-school and Primary Education, providing specific standing architectural models and the minimum requirements for a classroom, as well as determining whether a space is suitable or not for the proposed activities. The method includes analyzing architecture of the basic teaching room, approaching other education systems (Dalcroze, Montessori) and determining the differences between those systems and BAPNE. This study is carried out by architects and engineers, directly noting the architectural needs that current teaching requires for user stimulation.

El sobrehumedecimiento del suelo agravado por los efectos de cambio climático global es un fenómeno que afecta a plantas y microorganismos en varias regiones del mundo. La presencia de actividad endófita en la caña de azúcar de cepas de Azospirillum brasilense puede constituir una alternativa sustentable debido a la distribución universal de esta bacteria y a sus variados efectos benéficos en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas. En un suelo Typic Haplustert del Valle del Río Cauto, en la región oriental de Cuba se plantó un experimento en bloques al azar, con la variedad de caña de azúcar C120-78, obtenidas por cultivo “in vitro”, inoculadas y sin inocular con la bacteria Azospirillum brasilense, cepa 8 del INICA, en condiciones normales y con el suelo sobresaturado de agua, con el objetivo de determinar la influencia que ejerce esta cepa bacteriana en indicadores del crecimiento y desarrollo de esta variedad, en ciclo de caña planta. Se demostró que para el pol en caña, t caña ha-1, t pol ha-1 y desarrollo del sistema radical, a los doce meses de edad, la presencia de la bacteria en el suelo no sobresaturado de agua mostró los mejores resultados, lo que demuestra que la carencia de oxígeno en el suelo es un elemento limitante para la actividad de esta cepa bacteriana y el normal crecimiento y desarrollo de la caña de azúcar.

En un experimento llevado a cabo en un suelo Vertisol del Valle del Río Cauto en Cuba se evaluó el efecto del exceso de agua sobre el desarrollo del sistema radical de seis genotipos de caña de azúcar. Se uso un diseño de parcelas divididas, donde la presencia o no de exceso de agua en el suelo era la parcela y los genotipos eran las subparcelas. Los tratamientos fueron 12 y consistieron en los genotipos C86-12, C86-456, C90-317, C87-51, C1051-73 y C12078, sometidos o no al exceso de agua en el suelo. Se encontró que la Intensidad del Estrés (IE), redujo en un 17% la profundidad radical en el primer ciclo, mientras que para la primera soca se redujo en un 11%, con marcada diferencia entre genotipos. Los genotipos menos afectados fueron C86-12, C86-456 y C90-317, lo

Bacterial membranes present solid-ordered/liquid-disordered (so/ld) cooperative melting event close to physiological temperature. The cellular advantage of this thermotropic melting event is yet to be determined. We show that this thermal behavior provides resistance towards a membrane active antibacterial agent.Phospholipase A2 type IIA (sPLA2-IIA) is a hydrolytic enzyme which presents antibacterial properties towards Gram positive bacteria. The enzyme has higher activity in ld phase compared to so phase in anionic membranes. We show that the lipid phase behavior of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) membranes as measured by FTIR modulates sPLA2-IIA by inducing a sharp drop in activity below the melting temperature of the membrane (centered at 15.3°C).The effects of sPLA2-IIA treatment on cell viability are also investigated. While above the main melting event viability drops to 20% of the initial CFU after treatment, below the main melting event cell viability only drops to 60% under the same treatment. This strongly suggests that cells in the solid-ordered phase are better adapted to survive the enzymatic insult.These results led us to explore if a subpopulation of S.aureus enriched in ordered lipids can be selected after repeated treatment with sPLA2-IIA at 37°C. After selecting for resistance at 37°C we measured growth curves, membrane order, and cell viability as a function of treatment temperature. The results suggest that at 37°C there is a bacterial subpopulation with increased membrane rigidity that insures survival of the colony to an insult by sPLA2-IIA. This subpopulation also presents a longer latency period which can be explained by the increased presence in ordered lipids, which are known to inhibit cell division. Even if the growth conditions are not optimal, the presence of this subpopulation ensures survival from the antibacterial insult.