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The browntrout Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758 is an important species for fisheries in Armenia,with a comparatively wide distribution in both wild habitats and aquaculture. Despite its significance and widespread presence, there is limited information regarding diseases and parasites affecting brown trout in Armenia. The aim of this study was to examine theparasite fauna of brown trout in the southern part of Armenia. The research was conducted in the Vayots Dzor Region, as well as at the Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, and Armenian National Agrarian University. Captured fish were examined using themethodof complete parasitological research. Parasites were analyzed undermicroscope and identified using specialized manuals based on their morphological features. A total of 20brown trout were captured between September and December 2023. Of these, 8 individuals (40%) were (40%) were infected with parasites. Six species of parasites were identified: Dactylogyrus vastator Nybelin, 1924 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae),Gyrodactylussp. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae),Bunodera luciopercaeMüller, 1776 (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae),Proteocephalus longicollis Zeder, 1800 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae),Khawia armeniaca Cholodkovsky, 1915 (Cestoda: Lytocestidae),and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 (Ciliata: Ichthyophthiriidae). Parasite infections were generally characterized by low intensity, except forI. multifiliis. Gyrodactylus sp.and B. luciopercaehelminths were detected for the first time in Armenia. This pilot study provides baseline information for further large-scale investigations and offers a valuable insightforfarmers to better understand thechallenges associated with efficient production.

The Soviet Union played the leading role in fish introductions in Eurasia. However, only 3% of all introductions prior to 1978 gave a commercial benefit. One of the noteworthy examples appears to be the Sevan trout (Salmo ischchan Kessler, 1877)-an endemic salmonid of Lake Sevan in Armenia. This species has been introduced to Kirghizstan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan, however, only the Kirghiz population has persisted in relatively high numbers. In this paper we provide the first extensive molecular study of S. ischchan using samples from the native population from Lake Sevan and three hatcheries in Armenia, as well as from the population introduced to Lake Issyk Kul in Kirghizstan. The Kirghiz population has been isolated since the introductions took place in 1930 and 1936. Our results, based on 11 nuclear microsatellites and a 905 bp fragment of the mitochondrial control region suggest that hatcheries have maintained genetic variability by way of ongoing translocations of individuals from Lake Sevan. Simultaneously, significant Garza-Williamson M-values suggest that bottlenecks could have reduced the genetic variability of the wild populations in the past. This hypothesis is supported by historical data, indicating highly manipulated water-level regulations and poaching as two main factors that dramatically impact fish abundance in the lake. On the other hand, a similar situation has been observed in Kirghizstan, but this population likely rebounded from small population size faster than the other populations examined. The Kirghiz population is significantly genetically differentiated from the other groups and have morphological features and biological attributes not observed in the source population. Genetic data imply that the effective population size in the native population is lower than that found in the introduced population, suggesting that some active protection of the Lake Sevan population may be needed urgently.