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OBJETIVO: avaliar a história familial e as características dos tumores em dois grupos distintos por sua faixa etária, bem como questionar quanto à necessidade de colectomia estendida, baseando-se nestas características. MÉTODO: Em estudo retrospectivo analisaram-se 106 pacientes por meio do prontuário e de contato telefônico com o próprio doente e/ou familiares, operados no HC-UFPR. Foram divididos em 2 grupos: Grupo A (n=51) com 55 anos ou menos, e Grupo B (n=55) com mais de 55 anos. Avaliou-se o número de doentes com parentes de 1º. grau com câncer colorretal e em outros sítios; o número de parentes com CCR; o sítio do tumor; o estadiamento TNM; os óbitos no período e a presença de neoplasias associadas. RESULTADOS: No grupo A, 16 (31,4%) pacientes tinham parentes com câncer colorretal. No grupo B, sete (12,7%) (p=0,032). No grupo A houve 16 (31,4%) pacientes de familiares com outro tipo de neoplasia. No grupo B, 19 (34,5%) doentes (p=0,837). Ao incluírem-se apenas as neoplasias associadas à Síndrome do HNPCC, como endométrio e estômago, houve 5 (9,8%) pacientes no grupo A e 3 (5,9%) no grupo B (p=0,477). No grupo A, 3 (5,8%) doentes apresentaram neoplasias associadas ao CCR, sendo elas estômago, rim e bexiga. No grupo B, 3 (5,4%) doentes, mas os tumores eram de mama e próstata (p=0,624). Predominou no grupo A pacientes com estádio III (41,2%) e no grupo B, o estádio II (51,9%) (p=0,480). Houve 19,6% de óbitos no grupo A e 32,7% no Grupo B (p=0,185). CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com idade = 55 anos possuem história familial mais representativa para o CCR que pacientes mais idosos, podendo fazer parte da síndrome do HNPCC. Possivelmente se beneficiem de colectomia estendida.AIM: To evaluate the family history and the characteristics of the tumors in two different groups of patients, divided by age, questioning the necessity of extensive colectomy for the adequate treatment. METHODS: One hundred and six patients were analyzed retrospectively by hospital chart review or phone contact either with the patient or a next of keen; all were operated at the University Hospital of the "Universidade Federal do Paraná" (Brazil).These patients were divided in Group A (n=51) below 55 years old, and Group B (n=55) with age above 55 years. All patients were analyzed for first degree relatives with history of colon and rectal cancer and cancer history in other organs; number of relatives with colon and rectal cancer; the location of the tumors in the colon; the TNM staging; the occurrence of other malignant neoplasias for each patient; and the death rate for the period of the study. RESULTS: On group A, 16 (31.4%) patients had relatives with colorectal cancer; on group B, 7 (12.7%) (p=0,032). On group A, 16 (31.4%) patients had relatives with other types of malignant neoplasias, and on group B, 19 (34.5%) (p=0.837). When it was considered only cancers related to the HNPCC syndrome, as endometrium and stomach, 5 (9.8%) patients were found on group A and 3 (5.9%) on group B (p=0.477). On group A, 3 (5.8%) patients had tumors related to colon and rectal cancers, as stomach, kidney and bladder. On group B, 3 (5.4%) patients, but these tumors were in the breast and prostate (p=0.624). On group A, there were more patients with stage III cancers (41.2%) and on group B, stage II cancers were more prevalent (51.9%) (p=0.480). The death rate was 19.6% on group A and 32.7% on group B (p=0.185). CONCLUSION: Patients under 55 years of age have an increased family history of colon and rectal cancer when compared to the ones above the age of 55; those could be related to the HNPCC syndrome. These patients can benefit from an extended colectomy.

OBJETIVO: Comparar a biocompatibilidade entre submucosa de intestino delgado (SID) porcino e o pericárdio bovino como enxerto no reparo de lesões criadas na veia cava inferior de cães. MÉTODOS: Dezesseis cães foram submetidos a laparotomia. Após a abertura da cavidade abdominal a veia cava foi identificada e em seguida procedeu-se com a retirada de um segmento elíptico de 1,5X3cm de sua parede anterior. Em 8 animais o defeito foi reparado com SID porcino (grupo A) e nos 8 animais restantes o defeito foi reparado com pericárdio bovino (grupo B).No 30° dia de P.O. realizou-se uma ultra-sonografia e a eutanásia foi realizada no 40°dia de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Observou-se estenose da veia cava em 1 cão do grupo do grupo A e em 2 animais do grupo B além de trombose em 1 cão desse mesmo grupo. A análise microscópica revelou um processo inflamatório crônico moderado em ambos os grupos. A endotelização do enxerto, regeneração de fibras musculares lisas e depósito de colágeno também foi similar nos 2 grupos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: A SID provou ser um excelente substrato para a regeneração vascular quando implantado em veia cava superior, contudo os resultados encontrados não diferem daqueles observados com o uso de pericárdio bovino.

Bleeding from esophagogastric varices is the worst and most lethal complication of cirrhotic portal hypertension. Distal splenorenal shunt (Warrens surgery) is used in the therapeutic of this patients, Child A and B, with rebleeding after clinical endoscopic therapy. The portal vein congestion index is elevated in cirrhotic portal hypertension and could predict rebleeding after Warrens surgery in these patients.To verify if the portal vein congestion index or liver function (Child-Pugh) at preoperative are predictive factors of rebleeding after Warrens surgery.Sixty-two cirrhotic patients were submitted to Warrens surgery at "Santa Casa" Medical School and Hospital - Liver and Portal Hypertension Unit, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Fifty-eight were analyzed for Child-Pugh class and 36 for portal vein congestion index, divided in two groups: with or without rebleeding and statistical analysis was performed.In the rebleeding group, 69% were Child B, with portal vein congestion index = 0.09. The group without rebleeding show us 62% patients Child A with portal vein congestion index = 0.076. The difference was significant for Child-Pugh class but not to portal vein congestion index.Portal vein congestion index was not predictive of rebleeding after Warrens surgery, but cirrhotics Child B have more chance to rebleed after this surgery than Child A.

OBJETIVO: Pesquisar a eficácia da Submucosa de lntestino Delgado (SID) porcina na correção de estenoses esofágicas cervicais em cães. MÉTODOS: Para produzir estenose, 12 animais foram submetidos a ressecções de porção elíptica de 3,5X2,0 cm, na parede anterior do esôfago cervical, suturado por pontos de fio de algodão. O processo evolui por 90 dias, atingindo a estenose desejada e comprovada por esofagograma. Na seqüência, a lesão cicatricial produzida foi ressecada e substituída por enxerto de SID. Transcorridos 2 meses os animais foram submetidos a novo esofagograma. Aferiu-se então a largura esofágica (nas porções proximal e média do esôfago cervical) após a realização da estenose e pós-correção. Os animais foram submetidos a eutanásia, ao 60º dia de pós-correção, e à necropsia os esôfagos foram retirados e enviados ao laboratório de Anatomia Patológica. RESULTADOS: Não houve fístula ou infecção. Ocorreram reepitelização completa da mucosa, discreta reação infamatória e neovascularização moderada. A luz esofágica foi ampliada em 70% dos animais (43% ± 13% em média) (p = 0,2135). A medida da porção proximal, passou de 0,76cm para 0,95cm em média (p=0,02). Não houve alteração significativa em relação a porção medial. CONCLUSÃO: A SID demonstrou ser, no cão, enxerto eficaz para correção de estenoses esofágicas, integrando-se nitidamente à sua parede e substituindo-a de forma adequada. PURPOSE: The objective of the present study is evaluating the efficiency of porcine Small Intestinal Submucosa (SIS) as graft in the managemant of stenotic cervical esophagus lesions in dogs. METHODS: Twelve dogs were submitted to resection of an eliptic (3,5X2,0 cm) portion of the anterior esophagus wall followed by cotton suture repair. Three months later stenosis were confirmed by esophagogram. Next, scar tissue formed was ressected followed by SIS patch placement. Two months after the procedure new esophagogram was performed. Esophageal width was measured at the proximal and middle third portions, before and after the SIS patch placement. Animals were sacrified, and esophagus were sent for histological examinations. RESULTS: No fistula or infection were found. Microscopic analysis revealed complete mucous membrane regeneration, discrete inflamatory reaction and moderate vascular proliferation. Esophageal width was enlarged in 70% of studied animals (43% ± 13%) (p = 0,2135). Proximal measurement increased from 0,76cm to 0,95cm; no significantly change occurred at the medial portion. CONCLUSION: SIS proved to be reliable graft reapair for canine esophageal stenotic lesions. It integrates to the esophageal wall and adequately replaces it.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of small intestinesubmucosa (SIS) in the reconstruction of the ureter in swine.Materials and Methods: An experimental study was performed in 10 half-breed pigs weighingbetween 20 and 30 K, in which a previously prepared segment of SIS measuring approximately 2.0cm was implanted in the upper third part of the right ureter.Results: Of the 10 operated animals, one died 14 days after the surgery due to a dehiscenceon the suture line of the implanted graft. The remaining 9 animals were submitted to ultrasoundexamination of the urinary tract and were sacrificed on the 40th postoperative day. The macroscopicevaluation showed no calculus, incrustation, fistula, abscesses or adhesions in the ureters with thegraft. Microscopic evaluation with hematoxylin-eosin and Sirius red showed in the experimental area(graft) the presence of urothelium in 100% of the cases, collagen in 100% of the cases, and smoothmuscle layer in 87.5% of the animals. In the area adjacent to the graft (proximal and distal), weobserved 92.86% of urothelium, 42.86% of collagen and 71.43% of smooth muscle. In the contralateralureter, it was found 100% of urothelium and smooth muscle and just 11.11% of collagen. Themicroscopic analysis of the kidneys whose ureters received the graft of SIS evidenced congestion in55.55%, pelvic edema in 66.66% and interstitial nephritis in 77.78%. Hydronephrosis was present in33.33% and chronic pyelonephritis in 44%. Only 1 animal presented total absence of glomerulus inthe renal parenchyma.Conclusion: The SIS graft behaved as a biological tissue support, allowing the regenerationof the urothelium and smooth muscle grow, despite of chronic inflammatory process.Key words : small intestine; submucosa; ureter; graft; swineInt Braz J Urol. 2004; 30: 327-35

OBJETIVOS: Analisar a epidemiologia e a conduta nos ferimentos cervicais. MÉTODO: Foram analisados 487.128 prontuários de pacientes que ingressaram no Serviço de Emergência do Hospital Universitário Cajuru no período de 01/1996 a 06/2001. Destes, selecionaram-se 378 pacientes com ferimentos cervicais. Foram excluídos 153 que apresentavam lesões associadas e 14 por óbito no atendimento inicial. O estudo foi feito , assim, em 191 pacientes com lesões cervicais exclusivas. Avaliou-se a localização da ferida, o mecanismo de trauma, o comprometimento do platisma, sinais e sintomas, a hora de admissão e a conduta empregada. RESULTADOS: Cento e sessenta e quatro (86%) pacientes eram masculinos. A média de idade foi de 28 anos (10-72). Noventa (47%) ferimentos foram por arma de fogo (FAF) e 88 (46%) por arma branca (FAB). O principal horário de admissão foi entre 20 e 04 horas. Quanto à localização, 53% das lesões foram à esquerda, 45% à direita e 2% medianos; 36% em zona I, 55% em zona II e 9% em zona III. Em 101 o ferimento penetrou o platisma: cinqüenta e um (50%) apresentaram sinais e sintomas clínicos e receberam conduta operatória. As lesões vasculares foram as mais encontradas (20). Houve 24 (47%) cervicotomias não-terapêuticas. O tratamento conservador foi empregado em 41 (45%) casos de acordo com os exames físico e complementares. CONCLUSÕES: Homens jovens são mais acometidos quanto aos ferimentos cervicais. Estes ocorrem mais freqüentemente na zona II, e a incidência dos FAF e FAB foi equivalente. É adequado um manejo mais seletivo em relação aos ferimentos cervicais, devendo o manejo da zona II adequar-se à disposição de recursos dos serviços de trauma. BACKGROUND: The study proposes to assess the demographics and management of neck injuries. METHODS: A retrospective review of 487.128 emergency department medical records from 01/1996 to 06/2001 was conducted. Out of the 378 patients selected for the analysis, 153 were excluded due to associated lesions and 14 because of death. The group of patients analyzed (n=191) had exclusively neck lesions. Injury location, kinetics of trauma, platysma involvement, signs and symptoms, admission hour and management were evaluated. RESULTS: One hundred sixty four (86%) patients were male. Mean age was 28 years (range, 10-72). Ninety (47%) injuries were caused by firearms and 88 (46%) were stab wounds. The main period of admission was between 08 pm and 04 am. The location of the lesions was 53% in the left, 45% in the right, and 2% in the median line; 36% of them being classified as zone I, 55% as II, and 9% as III. There was platysma penetration in 101 patients , half of them (n=51) presented signs and symptoms suggestive of injury, and were consequently subjected to surgical intervention. Twenty-four (47%) operative interventions were non-therapeutic. Forty-one patients (45%) were medically treated on the basis of clinical assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Young males are the most frequent victims of neck injuries. It occurs mostly in the Zone II , and the incidence of firearm and stab wounds were equivalent as a trauma mechanism. The necessity of a selective management of neck lesions is clearly evident. Regarding penetrating zone II neck injuries, the treatment may be adequated with the resources of trauma services.