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The relationship between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and respiratory disease outcomes among children aged 0 to 14 years in Lanzhou, China, was evaluated. We utilized a generalized additive model linked by a quasi-Poisson distribution to examine the associations between PM2.5 and paediatric respiratory outpatient visits for time lags of 0 up to 7 days, and stratified by gender, age, and season. Cases of respiratory disease in children were collected from 3 large hospitals for the years 2014–2017 and then linked with air pollutant concentrations from 4 air quality monitoring stations by date. We observed positive and significant associations between PM2.5 and respiratory disease from the lag to lag 7, and from lag01 to lag07, with ER reaching the maximum value at lag07. For each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 (lag07), the associated increment in respiratory diseases was 2.83% (95% CI 1.80%–3.86%). Males were more sensitive to the adverse effects, and the association was more significant in spring (from March to May) and winter (from December to the next February). Overall, the child group (age 3–6 years) demonstrated a higher risk of respiratory disease after PM2.5 exposure. The associations between ambient PM2.5 and respiratory hospital outpatients among young children became partially attenuated after the adjustment for gaseous pollutants in subgroups. The exposure-response curves were positive and generally nonlinear but flatted at concentrations over 60 μg/m3. This research found a significant association between ambient PM2.5 levels and hospital outpatient visits in child with respiratory diseases in Lanzhou, China.

The relationship between fine particulate matter (PM

The intelligent inspection robots in substations mostly use wheeled chassis, which have good passability when running on flat roads, but it is difficult to effectively cross obstacles under terrain conditions such as steps and stairs. A quadruped inspection robot for substation is designed to improve the walking ability of the robot with a four-leg alternate walking mode to optimize the leg structure design for road conditions such as steps and stairs in the substation. The robot is equipped with pan-tilt detection components and inspection equipment such as multi-degree-of-freedom manipulators can complete intelligent inspection and lightweight maintenance tasks in open substations, and achieve full coverage of the inspection area.

Yutong Meng,1,* Zhirui Li,1,2,* Ke Gong,1 Xiao An,2 Jiyuan Dong,1 Peifu Tang1 1Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital Hainan Branch, Sanya, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: Obesity can result in increased blood loss, which is correlated with poor prognosis in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Clinical application of tranexamic acid is effective in reducing blood loss in TKA. However, most previous studies focused on the effect of tranexamic acid in the whole population, neglecting patients with specific health conditions, such as obesity. We hypothesized that tranexamic acid would reduce blood loss to a greater extent in obese patients than in those of normal weight. Patients and methods: A total of 304 patients with knee osteoarthritis treated with TKA from October 2013 to March 2015 were separated into tranexamic, non-tranexamic, obese, and non-obese groups. The demographic characteristics, surgical indices, and hematological indices were all recorded. We first investigated the ability of intravenous tranexamic acid to reduce intraoperative blood loss in knee osteoarthritis patients undergoing unilateral TKA. Second, we performed subgroup analysis to compare the effects of tranexamic acid between obese and non-obese patients separately. Results: Of the 304 patients, 146 (52.0%) received tranexamic acid and 130 (42.8%) were obese. In the analysis of the whole group, both the actual and occult blood loss volume were lower in the tranexamic acid group (bothP< 0.05). Tourniquet time was shorter in the tranexamic acid group (P 0.05). Conclusion: Tranexamic acid can reduce occult blood loss and tourniquet time in obese patients to a greater extent than in patients of normal weight. Therefore, obese knee osteoarthritis patients undergoing TKA can benefit more from tranexamic acid. Keywords: obese, knee osteoarthritis, total knee arthroplasty, blood conservation, tranexamic acid

Several studies have indicated that pain peaks at 24 to 48 hours after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery. TKA has been associated with disruption in normal sleep patterns, swelling knee, and significant blood loss. However, a satisfactory regime to resolve these mentioned problems has yet to be found. In this study, a total of 420 patients were randomly allocated into two groups and treated with continuous irrigation of either 4000 mL cold saline with 0.5% epinephrine or normal temperature solution. Clinical outcomes including pain scores at rest during postoperative three days, drainage output, analgesic consumption, decreased hemoglobin, sleep quality, and satisfaction rate were analyzed. Mean scores and postoperative change in scores were calculated. Visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores in the treatment group were significantly reduced from 4 hours (P = 0.0016) to 24 hours (P = 0.0004) after TKA. Additional benefits including reduced analgesic consumption, improved satisfaction rate, and sleep quality were observed. In addition, a significant reduction in blood loss reflected by decreased Hb and drainage was found. In this study, irrigation with a cold 0.5% epinephrine solution was a beneficial and cost-effective treatment that decreased acute postoperative VAS pain scores immediately after and 1 day after surgery. Patients reported postoperative improvement in sleep quality and overall satisfaction rate with a decrease in morphine usage. In addition, a reduction of intraoperative blood loss might decrease the blood transfusion rate and related costs. Collectively, irrigation with cold 0.5% epinephrine offers a safe, simple, and effective treatment that might improve recovery and enhance quality of life of patients undergoing TKA.

A level IV fugacity model is used to simulate the fate and transfer of DDT in the Lanzhou area over a 67-year period from their introduction into agricultural field until 2019. The established model is successfully applied to simulate the transfer processes and the concentration distribution of DDT in four environmental compartments: air, water, soil, and sediment in Lanzhou area under non-steady state assumptions. Furthermore, the calculated results agree well with monitoring data from the literature in same period of time. We assume 20% of the total usage of DDT enters into air and 80% enters the soils. The results indicate that the main source of DDT in the area is agricultural application, the biggest bulk sink is soil (accounting for 99.8% of total amount in the environment). Among all the transfer processes, the deposition from air to soil, deposition from air to water, soil erosion, and sedimentation from water to sediment are the primary processes, and the degradation in soil and air are the key process of DDT disappearance.

A level IV fugacity model is described and illustrated by application to the fate of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in the Lanzhou area over a 60-year period from their introduction into the agricultural field until 2019. The established model is successfully applied to simulate the transfer processes and the concentration distribution of HCHs under non-steady-state assumptions in four environmental compartments in the Lanzhou area: soil, air, water, and sediment. Furthermore, the calculated results agree well with monitoring data from the literature in the same period of time. We assume that 40% of the total use of HCHs isomers enters into the air and 60% enters the soil. The results indicate that the main source of HCHs in the area is agricultural applications; the biggest bulk sink is soil (accounting for 99.6% of total amount in the environment). Among all the transfer processes, the deposition and the diffusion at the air-soil and air-water interfaces are the primary processes, and degradation in soil and air is the key process of HCH disappearance.

This paper aims to study the effect of Shengjie Tongyu granules on the treatment of meteorological cardiovascular disease in clinical treatment. Tongxinluo capsule that is clinically recognized as the effective drug in treating coronary heart disease and angina and was adopted as positive control. The results showed that, angina score and TCM score of two groups were all significantly improved after the treatment (P0.01), but there was no statistical significance in comparison between groups (P0.05); total effective rate of angina in the treatment group (77.78%) was superior than the control group (62.52%) after the treatment; but the difference had no statistical significance (P0.05); total effective rate of TCM syndrome in the treatment group (75%) was superior than the control group (58.62%), and the difference had statistical significance (P0.05). All these findings suggested that, Shengjie Tongyu granules can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with coronary heart disease and angina, with the curative effect similar to Tongxinluo capsule; meanwhile, it can increase HDL-C and improve abnormal lipid metabolism of angina patient. In the treatment process, there is no significant untoward effect, blood, routine urine test and hepatorenal function have no abnormality, which proves that this drug is safe.

Obesity not only gives rise to more blood loss volume but also correlates with postoperative rehabilitation and complications in surgical patients. It is not clear at present whether tourniquet utilization is associated with blood loss, rehabilitation, and complications, and it is imperative