Search

Video game addiction is a term that describes games that dominate a person most of the time. However, the degree of addiction and the amount of time spent playing vary from one type of game to another. So this literature review will explore the mechanism of addiction in terms of different game types, analyzing the relationship between the causes of game addiction in terms of 3 models (dopamine, operant conditioning, and feeling-state theory). In order to figure out what the most attractive type of game is, This is done by classifying all kinds of games into 10 categories and creating a ranking list for all games from 5 different websites. Those websites are chosen randomly from the search engines such as Google and Bing. The results are based on prior studies that looked into the causes of game addiction in each category and analyzed those games by three models. The results suggest that the mechanism of video game addiction varies between games.

We prove some existence theorems for solutions of a certain system of multivariate nonexpansive operator equations and calculate the solutions by using the generalized Mann and Halpern iterative algorithms in uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach spaces. The results of this paper improve and extend the previously known ones in the literature.

NaGd(WO4)2:RE3+ (RE = Eu, Tb, Tm) phosphors were synthesized by a hydrothermal process. The XRD and FTIR results show that the hydrothermal time has obvious influence on the crystallization of samples. The longer hydrothermal time benefits to the higher crystallization of NaGd(WO4)2:RE3+ samples. All of the excitation spectra of NaGd(WO4)2:RE3+ samples show the charge transfer bands, which suggests the effective energy transfer between the WO4 2− group and RE3+ ions. Under the excitation of 288 nm, NaGd(WO4)2:RE3+ (RE = Eu, Tb, Tm) phosphors show emissions in red, green, and blue regions, respectively. The results of this work indicate that NaGd(WO4)2:RE3+ (RE = Eu, Tb, Tm) phosphors have potentials to be used as red, green, and blue emitting phosphors.

Let K be a nonempty closed convex and bounded subset of a reflexive Banach space X. Let \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$A_{1}, A_{2},\ldots,A_{N}$\end{document}A1,A2,…,AN be N-variables monotone demi-continuous mappings from \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$K^{N}$\end{document}KN into X. Then: (1) the system of multivariate variational inequalities \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\textstyle\begin{cases} \langle A_{1}(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots,x_{N}), y_{1}-x_{1} \rangle\geq0, &\forall y_{1} \in K,\\ \langle A_{2}(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots,x_{N}), y_{2}-x_{2} \rangle\geq0, &\forall y_{2} \in K,\\ \cdots\\ \langle A_{N}(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots,x_{N}), y_{N}-x_{N} \rangle\geq0, &\forall y_{N} \in K,\\ \end{cases} $$\end{document}{〈A1(x1,x2,…,xN),y1−x1〉≥0,∀y1∈K,〈A2(x1,x2,…,xN),y2−x2〉≥0,∀y2∈K,⋯〈AN(x1,x2,…,xN),yN−xN〉≥0,∀yN∈K, has a solution \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$(x_{1}^{*},x_{2}^{*},\ldots,x_{N}^{*}) \in K^{N}$\end{document}(x1∗,x2∗,…,xN∗)∈KN; (2) the set of solutions of this system of multivariate variational inequalities is closed convex in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$K^{N}$\end{document}KN; (3) if \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$A_{1}, A_{2},\ldots,A_{N}$\end{document}A1,A2,…,AN are also strictly monotone, this system of multivariate variational inequalities has a unique solution.

Sr3Al2O6:Ce3+ powders were synthesized using a solid state reaction method in air with addition of H3BO3. The effects of Ce3+ dopant concentrations and the weight ratio (wt) of H3BO3 to total raw materials weight on the formation of Sr3Al2O6:Ce3+ samples were investigated. Single-phase and well-crystallized Sr3Al2O6:Ce3+ samples can be obtained when the addition of H3BO3 is lower than 7 wt%. The excitation spectrum indicates that Sr3Al2O6:Ce3+ phosphor powders exhibit two excitation bands centered at 345 and 462 nm. The emission spectrum shows that Sr3Al2O6:Ce3+ phosphor powders exhibit an emission band peaked at 536 nm when excited at 462 nm. Sr3Al2O6:Ce3+ sample at the Ce3+ concentration of 5 mol% shows the strongest emission intensity. The addition of H3BO3 has obvious influence on phase and emission intensity of Sr3Al2O6:Ce3+ phosphors. The results show that the Sr2.95Ce0.05Al2O6 sample with the 7 wt% addition of H3BO3 has the highest emission intensity and the longest lifetime.

This paper presents a boundary control formulation for distributed parameter systems described by partial differential equations (PDEs) and whose output is given by a spatial integral of weighted functions of the state. This formulation is directly applicable to the control of small robotic aircraft with articulated flexible wings, where the output of interest is the net aerodynamic force or moment. The deformation of flexible wings can be controlled by actuators that are located at the root or the tip of the wing. The problem of designing a tracking controller for wing twist is addressed using a combination of PDE backstepping for feedback stabilization and feed-forward trajectory planning. We also design an adaptive tracking controller for wing tip actuators. For wing bending, we present a novel control scheme that is based on a two-stage perturbation observer. A trajectory planning-based feed-forward tracker is designed using only one component of the observer whose dynamics are homogeneous and amenable to trajectory planning. The two components, put together, estimate the external forces and unmodeled system dynamics. The effectiveness of the proposed controllers for twist and bending is demonstrated by simulations. This paper also reports experimental validation of the perturbation-observer-based controller for beam bending.

The purpose of this paper is to present a new class of probabilistic normed spaces and to study fixed point problems in this class of probabilistic normed spaces. This paper includes the following two contents: (1) The definition of a new class of probabilistic normed spaces, the so-called S-probabilistic normed spaces, is given. In order to study the fixed point problems, some relevant properties of S-probabilistic normed spaces are discussed and some basic useful results are obtained; (2) The notion of probabilistic weak convergence is firstly presented in this paper. Therefore the probabilistic weak and strong convergence theorems of fixed points for nonexpansive mappings, asymptotically nonexpansive mappings and strongly pseudocontractive mappings are also proved by using the new methods and techniques.

The purpose of this paper is to present the definition of $$(\phi ,\varphi )$$ -contractive mapping and to discuss the relation of $$\psi$$ -contractive mappings and $$(\phi ,\varphi )$$ -contractive mappings. Furthermore, the generalized $$(\phi ,\varphi )$$ -contraction mapping principle has been proved without the uniqueness condition. Meanwhile, the generalized $$\psi$$ -contraction mapping principle has been obtained by using an ingenious method.

The purpose of this article is to establish a kind of non-convex hybrid iteration algorithms and to prove relevant strong convergence theorems of common fixed points for a uniformly closed asymptotically family of countable quasi-Lipschitz mappings in Hilbert spaces. Meanwhile, the main result is applied to get the common fixed points of finite family of quasi-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings. It is worth pointing out that a non-convex hybrid iteration algorithm is first presented in this article, a new technique is applied in our process of proof. Finally, an example is given which is a uniformly closed asymptotically family of countable quasi-Lipschitz mappings. The results presented in this article are interesting extensions of some current results.