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Lens autofluorescence ratio (LFR) is a novel approach to detect advanced glycation end products in a time-saving and non-invasive manner. However, its associations with glycemia and diabetes remain unclear. We conducted this study to address this issue in Chinese adults. We enrolled a total of 4,705 participants aged 20-70 years in China between May 2020 and January 2021 in a cross-sectional study. LFR was determined by biomicroscopy (ClearPath DS-120). Diabetes was ascertained by oral glucose tolerance test, self-reported history, and/or antidiabetic medication use. Correlation and logistic regression analyses were performed. LFR was higher in participants with diabetes than those without (23.27 ± 6.51 vs. 19.45 ± 5.08, p < 0.001). LFR correlated with fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c in the overall and diabetes-stratified populations. The odds of diabetes was increased by 6% per one percent higher of LFR after multivariable-adjustment (odds ratio (OR) 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.08, p < 0.001). Participants in the highest quartile of LFR had higher odds of diabetes compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.33-2.52, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that, insulin resistance, as assessed by triglyceride-glucose index, may underline the relationship between high LFR and increased odds of diabetes. LFR, a non-invasive indirect measure of advanced glycation end products, appears to be associated with glycemia and the risk of developing diabetes in Chinese adults.

Li-Qiang Cai,1,2 Lei Huang,1,2 Li-Li Wei,1,2 Jia-Shu Yao,1,2 Luo-Yi Xu,1,2 Wei Chen1,2 1Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Center for Sleep Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Wei ChenDepartment of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, East Qingchun Road 3, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-571-87887800Email srrcw@zju.edu.cnObjective: This study aimed at investigating the correlation between estradiol and sleep apnea among women with major depressive disorders during the perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods.Methods: A total of 84 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women diagnosed with depression, and who had been subjected to whole-night polysomnography (PSG) were retrospectively studied. They were assigned into two groups based on the presence of OSA (apnea–hypopnea index (AHI)≥ 5) (OSA vs non-OSA). The correlation between estradiol levels and apnea–hypopnea index were assessed by logistic regression models after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), apnea frequency and progesterone.Results: Among the 84 patients, 45.23% had OSA. Estradiol levels were significantly elevated in non-OSA than in OSA patients (p< 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that elevated estradiol levels are associated with reduced odds of OSA (odds ratio [OR] 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.875– 0.966, p = 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that low estradiol levels (OR = 0.859, 95% CI 0.826– 0.991, p = 0.031), higher HAMD scores (OR = 1.212, 95% CI 1.012– 1.453, p = 0.037), higher apnea frequency (OR = 2.493, 95% CI 1.389– 4.473, p = 0.002) and higher BMI (OR=1.635, 95% CI 1.136– 2.353, p = 0.008) are correlated with OSA.Conclusion: The ratio of depressed perimenopausal to postmenopausal women comorbid OSA was high. Higher BMI, low estradiol levels, high apnea frequency and high HAMD scores were correlated with OSA diagnosis and could be potential diagnostic markers for OSA in depressed perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Reduced estradiol levels were correlated with an increased risk of OSA among depressed perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.Keywords: major depressive disorder, estradiol, obstructive sleep apnea, menopause, polysomnography

Neuroimaging studies have shown topological disruptions of both functional and structural whole-brain networks in major depressive disorder (MDD). This study examined common and specific alterations between these two types of networks and whether the alterations were differentially involved in the two hemispheres. Multimodal MRI data were collected from 35 MDD patients and 35 healthy controls, whose functional and structural hemispheric networks were constructed, characterized, and compared. We found that functional brain networks were profoundly altered at multiple levels, while structural brain networks were largely intact in patients with MDD. Specifically, the functional alterations included decreases in intra-hemispheric (left and right) and inter-hemispheric (heterotopic) functional connectivity; decreases in local, global and normalized global efficiency for both hemispheric networks; increases in normalized local efficiency for the left hemispheric networks; and decreases in intra-hemispheric integration and inter-hemispheric communication in the dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus and hippocampus. Regarding hemispheric asymmetry, largely similar patterns were observed between the functional and structural networks: the right hemisphere was over-connected and more efficient than the left hemisphere globally; the occipital and partial regions exhibited leftward asymmetry, and the frontal and temporal sites showed rightward lateralization with regard to regional connectivity profiles locally. Finally, the functional–structural coupling of intra-hemispheric connections was significantly decreased and correlated with the disease severity in the patients. Overall, this study demonstrates modality- and hemisphere-dependent and invariant network alterations in MDD, which are helpful for understanding elaborate and characteristic patterns of integrative dysfunction in this disease.

Background Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have a high incidence rate of anxiety and depression. However, changes in anxiety and depression with different severities of CRS,and the effects of symptoms and anatomical factors on the anxiety and depression of CRS patients remain unclear.Methods A total of 112 patients were enrolled in the study. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 (SNOT-22) score, Lund-Mackay scale and Lund-Kennedy scale were used to assess the severity of CRS, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate anxiety and depression in patients. Results In the univariate analysis, SNOT-20 scores, nasal symptom scores, facial/ear symptom scores and sleep scores are significantly positively correlated with patients’ GAD-7 scores (all PPP < 0.01). Conclusions Exacerbated nasal and facial/ear symptoms, sleep dysfunction increase patients’ depression and anxiety. Lesions of the frontal sinus and anterior ethmoid sinus may be related to patients' depression. Treatment should be tailored to patients with these symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between sleep parameters and suicidal ideation in patients with late-life depression (LLD). METHODS: Seventy-seven LLD patients over 60 years old from Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University during July 2017 and July 2018 were included in the study. All patients were assessed with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and polysomnography (PSG) overnight. The suicidal score of item 3 in HAMD (HAM-D3)was used to define whether there was a suicidal ideation. Participants were subsequently grouped according to endorsement of presence (HAM-D3 score ≥1, n=46) versus absence (HAM-D3 score=0, n=31) of suicidal ideation symptoms. The sleep efficiency, total sleep time, wakefulness after sleep onset, rapid eye movement percent/latency, and non-rapid eye movement sleep stages 1-3 (N1-N3) were assessed. ANOVA analyses were conducted to explore the correlation of sleep parameters with suicidal ideation between the groups with and without suicidal ideation. In model 1, the HAM-D3 constituted the independent variable in separate ANOVA tests; in model 2 the impact of depressive symptoms were assessed as a covariate with sleep parameters. RESULTS: There was less stage N3 [(55±41)min, t=-4.731, P < 0.05] and the reduced percentage of N3 [(15±11)%, t=-4.194, P < 0.05] in LLD patients with suicidal ideation, compared with the LLD patients without suicidal ideation [(104±49) min, (26±11)%]. Correlation analyses revealed that there was a significant correlation between the suicidal ideation and the percentage of stage N3 and sleep time of stage N3 (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Suicidal ideation is associated with less N3 sleep in LLD patients.

Accumulating evidence suggests that early improvement after two-week antidepressant treatment is predictive of later outcomes of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD); however, whether this early improvement is associated with baseline neural architecture remains largely unknown. Utilizing resting-state functional MRI data and graph-based network approaches, this study calculated voxel-wise degree centrality maps for 24 MDD patients at baseline and linked them with changes in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) scores after two weeks of medication. Six clusters exhibited significant correlations of their baseline degree centrality with treatment-induced HAMD changes for the patients, which were mainly categorized into the posterior default-mode network (i.e., the left precuneus, supramarginal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and right angular gyrus) and frontal regions. Receiver operating characteristic curve and logistic regression analyses convergently revealed excellent performance of these regions in discriminating the early improvement status for the patients, especially the angular gyrus (sensitivity and specificity of 100%). Moreover, the angular gyrus was identified as the optimal regressor as determined by stepwise regression. Interestingly, these regions possessed higher centrality than others in the brain (P

Accumulating evidence suggests that early improvement after two‐week antidepressant treatment is predictive of later outcomes of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD); however, whether this early improvement is associated with baseline neural architecture remains largely unknown. Utilizing resting‐state functional MRI data and graph‐based network approaches, this study calculated voxel‐wise degree centrality maps for 24 MDD patients at baseline and linked them with changes in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) scores after two weeks of medication. Six clusters exhibited significant correlations of their baseline degree centrality with treatment‐induced HAMD changes for the patients, which were mainly categorized into the posterior default‐mode network (i.e., the left precuneus, supramarginal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and right angular gyrus) and frontal regions. Receiver operating characteristic curve and logistic regression analyses convergently revealed excellent performance of these regions in discriminating the early improvement status for the patients, especially the angular gyrus (sensitivity and specificity of 100%). Moreover, the angular gyrus was identified as the optimal regressor as determined by stepwise regression. Interestingly, these regions possessed higher centrality than others in the brain (P

Background Bipolar disorder types I (BD I) and II (BD II) behave differently in clinical manifestations, normal personality traits, responses to pharmacotherapies, biochemical backgrounds and neuroimaging activations. How the varied emotional states of BD I and II are related to the comorbid personality disorders remains to be settled. Methods We therefore administered the Plutchick – van Praag Depression Inventory (PVP), the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), the Hypomanic Checklist-32 (HCL-32), and the Parker Personality Measure (PERM) in 37 patients with BD I, 34 BD II, and in 76 healthy volunteers. Results Compared to the healthy volunteers, patients with BD I and II scored higher on some PERM styles, PVP, MDQ and HCL-32 scales. In BD I, the PERM Borderline style predicted the PVP scale; and Antisocial predicted HCL-32. In BD II, Borderline, Dependant, Paranoid (-) and Schizoid (-) predicted PVP; Borderline predicted MDQ; Passive-Aggressive and Schizoid (-) predicted HCL-32. In controls, Borderline and Narcissistic (-) predicted PVP; Borderline and Dependant (-) predicted MDQ. Conclusion Besides confirming the different predictability of the 11 functioning styles of personality disorder to BD I and II, we found that the prediction was more common in BD II, which might underlie its higher risk of suicide and poorer treatment outcome.