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Source Term Inversion (STI) is of great significance to mitigate and contain the sources of nuclear and chemical hazards, accurately predict the spatiotemporal transmission and diffusion of nuclear and chemical hazards, assist combat operations and support decision-making. This paper summarizes and analyzes the key algorithms and application platform of the current nuclear and chemical hazard source inversion technology, and puts forward the enlightenment and suggestions for its development, which has a certain theoretical reference and reference value.

Objective: To explore the clinical features, surgical approaches and postoperative outcomes of craniopharyngiomas., Methods: A series of 169 consecutive cases of craniopharyngiomas undergoing microsurgical resection via various approaches at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. There were 102 males and 67 females with a mean age of 34.1 (3-74) years. The operations were performed via unilateral subfrontal (n = 11), frontopterional (n = 69), anterior interhemispheric (n = 57), transcallosal (n = 9), transsphenoidal (n = 14), transcortical (n = 2), transventricular-foramen with neuroendoscope (n = 5) and combined (n = 2). Postoperative measures included the managements of blood sodium disorder and diabetes insipidus. During follow-ups, they were monitored for residual or recurrent tumor by postoperative contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) every 1-3 months., Results: The removals of lesions were total (n = 124, 73.4%), subtotal (n = 32, 18.9%) and partial (n = 13, 7.7%). And 104 cases had an intact preservation of pituitary stalk and stalk was partially preserved in 21 patients. Visual improvement (n = 49) and deterioration (n = 21) were achieved. The major postoperative complications included diabetes insipidus (n = 101) and electrolyte disorder (n = 89). And 26 patients had recurrence during a follow-up period of 26.1 (3-66) months., Conclusion: Selection of appropriate approaches according to morphological characteristics is essential for successful microsurgery of craniopharyngiomas.

Objective: To explore the techniques and efficacies of surgical resection of giant sellar region tumors via anterior interhemispheric approach., Methods: A series of 110 consecutive cases of giant sellar region tumors undergoing microsurgery through an anterior interhemispheric approach at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Their mean age was 35.6 (3-72) years. There were craniopharyngioma (n = 57), pituitary adenoma (n = 33), hypothalamic glioma (n = 5), meningioma (n = 4) and other lesions (n = 11). The maximal tumor diameter varied from 4.0 to 8.2 cm with a mean diameter of 4.8 cm. Active measurements were taken for managing blood sodium disorder and diabetes insipidus. During the follow-ups, the patients were monitored for residual or recurrent tumor by hormonal assessment (in cases of functioning adenomas) and postoperative contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed 1-3 months after surgery., Results: Total lesion removal was achieved in 76 cases (69.1%). Twenty patients (18.2%) underwent subtotal resection and 14 (12.7%) had partial removal. No surgery-related mortality occurred. Visual acuity was preserved or improved in 97 patients (88.2%) within 1 week after surgery. The major postoperative complications included diabetes insipidus (n = 76, 69.1%), permanent diabetes insipidus (n = 23, 20.9%), electrolyte disorder (n = 62, 56.4%), seizures (n = 7, 6.4%), brain damage (3 cerebral contusions and 5 hematomas) (n = 8, 7.3%) and infarction(n = 2, 1.8%). During a median post-surgical follow-up period of 26 (3-96) months, 11 patients had recurrence. And 35 cases (31.8%) of endocrinological deficit received hormonal replacement after surgery., Conclusion: The interhemispheric approach is feasible for removing giant sellar region tumors without significant sequels. Active postoperative managements of diabetes insipidus and electrolyte disorder may accelerate early patient recovery.