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In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the GM(1,1)model for its application in residual deformation prediction of goaf, the residual modification GM(1,1) model was constructed based on the gray GM(1,1) model. The positive residual fitting correction of GM(1,1) model prediction results was carried out with unary quadratic polynomial. The monitoring data sets of surface residual settlement in goaf with equal and non-equal spacing were used for example verification. The results show that: the prediction accuracy of GM(1,1) model modified by nonlinear polynomial fitting after residual correction is improved obviously. However, GM(1,1) model modified by polynomial fitting of original residual error has no obvious improvement effect on prediction accuracy. Residual positive fitting correction is an effective post-processing improvement method for GM(1,1) model.

Based on the parts inbound logistics as the research object, this thesis introduces Milk-run of third party logistics enterprise mode. Establish mathematical model under the premise of time window, through genetic algorithm optimize the distribution route, and using MATLAB to simulation, the results show that distribution vehicles reduced from 18 to 6. Transportation costs were reduced by 30.05%. Though the research on the circular pick-up mode of incoming logistics of parts and components, this thesis explores the strategy of optimizing its transportation path. On the one hand, it can solve the contradiction of reducing inventory cost but increasing transportation cost to a certain extent, and effectively reduce the cost of the nodes of the whole supply chain, which has certain theoretical value and significance for the research of vehicle path optimization; On the other hand, a reasonable distribution route can reduce driving distance and alleviate urban traffic pressure, while reducing distribution vehicles can reduce urban noise and automobile exhaust emissions, and contribute to the realization of low-carbon environmental protection.

The angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor LCZ696 affords superior cardioprotection and renoprotection compared with renin-angiotensin blockade monotherapy, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, we evaluated whether LCZ696 attenuates renal fibrosis by inhibiting ASK1/JNK/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated apoptosis in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and in vitro. Rats with UUO were treated daily for 7 days with LCZ696, valsartan, or the selective ATP competitive inhibitor of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), GS-444217. The effects of LCZ696 on renal injury were examined by assessing the histopathology, oxidative stress, intracellular organelles, apoptotic cell death, and MAPK pathways. H2O2-exposed human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells were also examined. LCZ696 and valsartan treatment significantly attenuated renal fibrosis caused by UUO, and this was paralleled by downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and decreased inflammatory cell influx. Intriguingly, LCZ696 had stronger effects on renal fibrosis and inflammation than valsartan. UUO-induced oxidative stress triggered mitochondrial destruction and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which resulted in apoptotic cell death; these effects were reversed by LCZ696. Both GS-444217 and LCZ696 hampered the expression of death-associated ASK1/JNK/p38 MAPKs. In H2O2-treated HK-2 cells, LCZ696 and GS-444217 increased cell viability but decreased the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and MitoSOX and apoptotic cell death. Both agents also deactivated H2O2-stimulated activation of ASK1/JNK/p38 MAPKs. These findings suggest that LCZ696 protects against UUO-induced renal fibrosis by inhibiting ASK1/JNK/p38 MAPK-mediated apoptosis.

Background/Aims Cigarette smoking is an important modifiable risk factor in kidney disease progression. However, the underlying mechanisms for this are lacking. This study aimed to assess whether nicotine (NIC), a major toxic component of cigarette smoking, would exacerbates tacrolimus (TAC)-induced renal injury. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were treated daily with NIC, TAC, or both drugs for 4 weeks. The influence of NIC on TAC-caused renal injury was examined via renal function, histopathology, oxidative stress, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and programmed cell death (apoptosis and autophagy). Results Both NIC and TAC significantly impaired renal function and histopathology, while combined NIC and TAC treatment aggravated these parameters beyond the effects of either alone. Increased oxidative stress, ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokine expressions, and programmed cell death from either NIC or TAC were also aggravated by the two combined. Conclusions Our observations suggest that NIC exacerbates chronic TAC nephrotoxicity, implying that smoking cessation may be beneficial for transplant smokers taking TAC.

Renal fibrosis represents the final common outcome of chronic kidney disease of virtually any etiology. However, the mechanism underlying the evolution of renal fibrosis remains to be addressed. This study sought to clarify whether RIP1-RIP3-mediated necroptosis is involved in renal fibrosis via Wnt3α/β-catenin/GSK-3β signaling in vitro and in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Rats with UUO were administered RIP inhibitors (necrostatin-1 or GSK872) or β-catenin/TCF inhibitor ICG-001 daily for 7 consecutive days. UUO caused significant renal tubular necrosis and overexpression of RIP1-RIP3-MLKL axis proteins, and was accompanied by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and renal fibrosis. Oxidative stress caused by UUO was closely associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which resulted in apoptotic cell death via Wnt3α/β-catenin/GSK-3β signaling. All of these effects were abolished by an RIP inhibitor (necrostatin-1 or GSK872) or ICG-001. In H2O2-treated HK-2 cells, both RIP inhibitor and ICG-001 decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic cells, but increased cell viability. Activated Wnt3α/β-catenin/GSK-3β signaling was decreased by either RIP inhibitor or ICG-001. Our findings suggest that RIP1-RIP3-mediated necroptosis contributes to the development of renal fibrosis via Wnt3α/β-catenin/GSK-3β signaling in UUO and may be a therapeutic target for protection against renal scarring of other origins.

Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, offers renoprotection in diabetes. However, potential for use in nondiabetic kidney disease remains unknown. Herein, we assessed whether dapagliflozin alleviates renal fibrosis by interfering with necroinflammation in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and in vitro. After induction of UUO, rats were administered dapagliflozin daily for seven consecutive days. UUO induced significant renal tubular necrosis and overexpression of RIP1-RIP3-MLKL axis proteins; these coincided with NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and subsequent development of renal fibrosis. Oxidative stress caused by UUO is tightly associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to apoptotic cell death through Wnt3α/β-catenin/GSK-3β signaling; all of which were abolished by both dapagliflozin and specific RIP inhibitors (necrostatin-1 and GSK872). In H2O2-treated HK-2 cells, dapagliflozin and RIP inhibitors suppressed overexpression of RIP1-RIP3-MLKL proteins and pyroptosis-related cytokines, decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic cell death, whereas cell viability was improved. Moreover, activated Wnt3α/β-catenin/GSK-3β signaling was inhibited by dapagliflozin and Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor ICG-001. Our findings suggest that dapagliflozin ameliorates renal fibrosis by inhibiting RIP1-RIP3-MLKL-mediated necroinflammation via Wnt3α/β-catenin/GSK-3β signaling in UUO.

Background/Aims Evidence suggests that Shen-Kang (SK), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, protects against various types of renal injury. In this study, we evaluated whether SK treatment confers renoprotection in a rat model of chronic tacrolimus (TAC) nephropathy. Methods Rats were treated daily with TAC (1.5mg/kg, subcutaneously) and SK (450 mg/kg, intravenously) for 4 weeks. The effects of SK on TAC-induced renal injury were assessed by measuring renal function, urine albumin excretion, histopathology, inflammatory cell infiltration, expression of profibrotic (transforming growth factor β1 [TGF-β1] and TGF-β inducible gene-h3 [βig-h3]) and proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cell death. Results Administration of SK preserved glomerular integrity (fractional mesangial area and Wilms tumor 1-positive glomeruli), attenuated tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and reduced the number of ectodermal dysplasia 1-positive cells, and this was paralleled by improved urine albumin excretion and renal dysfunction. At the molecular level, SK treatment suppressed expression of TGF-β1/Smad2/3, βig-h3, and proinflammatory cytokines. Oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death were significantly decreased with SK treatment, and apoptosis-related genes were regulated toward cell survival (active caspase-3 and the B-cell lymphoma-2/Bcl2-associated X [Bcl-2/Bax] ratio). Conclusions SK protects against TAC-induced renal injury.

Background/Aims Accumulating evidence indicates that L-carnitine (LC) protects against multiorgan damage through its antioxidant properties and preservation of the mitochondria. Little information is available about the effects of LC on renal fibrosis. This study examined whether LC treatment would provide renoprotection in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and in vitro. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats that underwent UUO were treated daily with LC for 7 or 14 days. The influence of LC on renal injury caused by UUO was evaluated by histopathology, and analysis of gene expression, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, programmed cell death, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/forkhead box protein O 1a (FoxO1a) signaling. In addition, H2O2-exposed human kidney cells (HK-2) were treated with LC. Results LC treatment inhibited expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, and was followed by a significant attenuation of tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The increased oxidative stress caused by UUO was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive apoptosis and autophagy via PI3K/AKT/FoxO1a-dependent signaling, and this was abrogated by administration of LC. In H2O2-exposed HK-2 cells, LC decreased intracellular production of reactive oxygen species, and suppressed expression of profibrotic cytokines and reduced the number of apoptotic cells. Conclusions LC protects against the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in an obstructed kidney.

The remote online system of heavy-duty vehicles is composed of vehicle terminal and monitoring platform based on the specified communication protocol, data format and data transmission frequency, which is an important embodiment of heavy-duty vehicle pollution control in the application for Internet of Vehicles. The influence of different collection frequencies and compute cycles on vehicle energy consumption and emission calculation is studied in this paper. The calculation errors of mileage, vehicle fuel consumption per 100 kilometers and emission factors of 14 collection frequencies and 7 compute cycles were calculated by continuously monitoring the emission and energy consumption data for 10 heavy-duty vehicles uploaded in 1 month. The result shows that decreasing the data collection frequency will lead to the increase of error and the decrease of correlation, while increasing the computing cycle can reduce the error. When the calculation error is 1%, 5% and 10%, the collection frequency shall be at least 0.5Hz, 0.2Hz and 0.1Hz, and the computing cycle shall be greater than 1800 seconds, 3600 seconds and 7200 seconds. The study content of this paper provides the theoretical foundation for the application and storage of remote monitoring data of heavy-duty vehicles, and provides a solution to the waste of data storage space caused by the problem of remote monitoring big data set.

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence suggests that a decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level induces a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders. However, the expression and role of BDNF in the kidney have not been explored. The present study examined the expression of BDNF and tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) receptors in an experimental model of chronic cyclosporine A (CsA) nephropathy. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats on a salt-deplete diet were treated daily for four weeks with vehicle or CsA. Urine profiles, apoptotic cell death, oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG), and expression of BDNF and Trk receptors (TrkB and TrkC) were compared between groups. The impact of vasopressin infusion on the urine-concentrating ability was examined by measuring the expression of aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) and BDNF and urine profiles in normal and CsA-treated rats. Results Compared with the vehicle-treated rats, rats given CsA had enhanced urine volume and declined urine osmolality. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting showed that BDNF and Trk receptors were constitutively expressed in kidneys from vehicle-treated rats. This was confirmed by double immunofluorescent staining for Na-K-ATPase-α1, AQP-1, and AQP-2. By contrast, the expression of these factors decreased in kidneys from CsA-treated rats (BDNF: 51.1 ± 19.5% vs. 102.0 ± 30.3%, p

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a class of porous materials with facile uptake and release of water, turning them into excellent substrates for real-world atmospheric water harvesting applications. The performance of different MOF systems was experimentally characterized at the bulk level by assessing the total amount of water taken up and the release kinetics, leaving the question behind of what the upper limit of the pristine materials actually is. Moreover, recent devices rely on fluidized bed reactors that exploit the harvesting capacities of MOFs at the single-crystal (SC) level. In this publication, we present a novel methodology based on Raman spectroscopy, for acquiring water adsorption isotherms and kinetic curves with a sub-micrometer resolution that provides valuable insights into the material behavior probing the pristine MOF at the SC level. We investigated isolated MOF-801 particles in situ and could dissect contributions of intra- and inter-particle effects on the water harvesting performance of MOF-801 via adsorption-desorption isotherms and kinetic curves. Using spontaneous Raman spectroscopy, we found an almost 20-fold faster uptake for the undisturbed crystalline material. Correlative imaging based on four-wave mixing and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering further localized the uptaken water inside MOF-801 and identified inter-particle condensation as the main source for the discrepancies between the performance at the bulk and SC level. Our studies determined an upper limit of around 91.9 L/kgMOF/day for MOF-801.

Ester-linked, crystalline, porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Transesterification reactions between ditopic 2-pyridinyl aromatic carboxylates and tri- or tetratopic phenols gave the corresponding ester-linked COFs. They crystallize as 2D structures in kgm (COF-119) and hcb (COF-120, 121, 122) topologies with surface areas of up to 2092 m2/g. Notably, crystalline COF-122 comprises edges spanning over 10 phenylene units, an aspect that had only been achieved in metal-organic frameworks. This work expands the scope of reticular chemistry to include, for the first time, crystalline ester-linked COFs related to common polyesters.

A platinum-based nanoframe is a hollow frame with superior catalytic behavior, and a metal-organic framework (MOF) is another porous frame with multifunctionalities. Here, we present the combination of these two components into an individually encapsulated frame-in-frame structure. Via the surface functionalization with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the bridging layer, the Pt-Ni nanoframe is encased in a special MOF, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), to achieve a single core-shell structure, as evidenced by the three-dimensional tomography. The growth trajectory of such frame-in-frame nanocomposite is also tracked, revealing that ZIF-8 first nucleates in the solution, then attaches to the surface of the nanoframe, and finally grows to capture the entire nanoframe, accomplishing the one-in-one encapsulation. Following the same concept, by utilizing ZIF-67 as the sacrificial layer, the Pt-Ni nanoframe is further solely embedded in ZIF-8 to form the single yolk-shell structure, which has a cavity between the core and the shell. This work provides a new method to build frame-in-frame structures, consisting of different frameworks, and to explore their synergistic properties.

We report a strategy to uniformly wrap Morella thermoacetica bacteria with a metal-organic framework (MOF) monolayer of nanometer thickness for cytoprotection in artificial photosynthesis. The catalytic activity of the MOF enclosure toward decomposition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduces the death of strictly anaerobic bacteria by fivefold in the presence of 21% O2, and enables the cytoprotected bacteria to continuously produce acetate from CO2 fixation under oxidative stress. The high definition of the MOF-bacteria interface involving direct bonding between phosphate units on the cell surface and zirconium clusters on MOF monolayer, provides for enhancement of life throughout reproduction. The dynamic nature of the MOF wrapping allows for cell elongation and separation, including spontaneous covering of the newly grown cell surface. The open-metal sites on the zirconium clusters lead to 600 times more efficient ROS decomposition compared with zirconia nanoparticles.

The presence and variation of chemical functionality and defects in crystalline materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), have tremendous impact on their properties. Finding a means of identifying and characterizing this chemical diversity is an important ongoing challenge. This task is complicated by the characteristic problem of bulk measurements only giving a statistical average over an entire sample, leaving uncharacterized any diversity that might exist between crystallites or even within individual crystals. Here, we show that by using fluorescence imaging and lifetime analysis, both the spatial arrangement of functionalities and the level of defects within a multivariable MOF crystal can be determined for the bulk as well as for the individual constituent crystals. We apply these methods to UiO-67 to study the incorporation of functional groups and their consequences on the structural features. We believe that the potential of the techniques presented here in uncovering chemical diversity in what is generally assumed to be homogeneous systems can provide a new level of understanding of materials properties.