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Fabrication and use of nanoparticles have progressively enlarged within the last decade. Herein the silver nanoparticles (AgNps) were synthesized via the extract from Marsilea quadrifolia (Mq) as a decreasing and steadying mediator. The Mq-AgNPs demonstrated superior toxicity on Zika virus vector, Aedes aegypti with the LC50 value of 10.69 µg·mL−1. The Mq-AgNPs were established securely to non-target organisms Artemia nauplii and Ceriodaphnia cornuta, and no structural or anatomical alterations confirm its security to the surroundings. The antibacterial activity exposed that Mq-AgNPs showed superior growth inhibition effect against the tested bacteria. Furthermore, the Mq-AgNPs showed strong antioxidant activities when compared to Mq leaf extract. Overall, our results highlight that Mq-AgNPs are hopeful and biodegradable devices against mosquito vectors of therapeutic significance, with moderate toxicity against non-target aquatic animals.

Aquaculture industry produces the enormous amount of sea foods (fish, shrimp, planktons, etc.) with enriched quantity of proteins, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, and micronutrients and also possesses the medicinal values. This production industry is very important to meet out the need of the global population. Recently, different culture practices for aquatic culturing organisms were developed in practices, where the risk of infection and diseases outbreak also increased which leads to the production loss to the aquatic sector. Several conventional methods are used to prevent the diseases probiotics, antibiotics, plants, immmunostimulants, proteins, immune proteins enhancement, nanoparticles, etc. At the same time, these treatment techniques also have merits and demerits to execute into the practical platform. For instance, chemical or antibiotics treatment into the culture system leads to the some adverse effects in culturing organisms, environment, and also consumer. In this chapter, various diseases caused by the bacterial strains and its control strategies in the shrimp farming industry to enhance the aquaculture are discussed.

Aquaculture industry produces the enormous amount of sea foods (fish, shrimp, planktons, etc.) with enriched quantity of proteins, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, and micronutrients and also possesses the medicinal values. This production industry is very important to meet out the need of the global population. Recently, different culture practices for aquatic culturing organisms were developed in practices, where the risk of infection and diseases outbreak also increased which leads to the production loss to the aquatic sector. Several conventional methods are used to prevent the diseases probiotics, antibiotics, plants, immmunostimulants, proteins, immune proteins enhancement, nanoparticles, etc. At the same time, these treatment techniques also have merits and demerits to execute into the practical platform. For instance, chemical or antibiotics treatment into the culture system leads to the some adverse effects in culturing organisms, environment, and also consumer. In this chapter, various diseases caused by the bacterial strains and its control strategies in the shrimp farming industry to enhance the aquaculture are discussed.

The formation of an inclusion complex between 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone (1,5-DHAQ; 1) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in aqueous media has been studied by UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. A solid inclusion complex (β-CD:1,5-DHAQ; 2) has been prepared and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, DSC and SEM analyses. The chemosensor probes 1 and 2 showed selective recognition and sensing ability towards the Pb2+ and CrO42− ions. The association constants (Ka) of 2·Pb2+ and Stern–Volmer quenching constant (Ksv) of 2·CrO42− were obtained to be 1.6 × 103 M−1 and 1.9 × 106 M−1 in water, and the corresponding detection limits were calculated to be 9.0 × 10−8 and 3.9 × 10−8 M according to fluorescence titration analysis. Theoretical studies on molecular docking and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to prove the binding of Pb2+ and CrO42− ions with chemosensor probes 1 and 2. Furthermore, bio-imaging indicated that these probes 1 and 2 have good cell permeability and are suitable for monitoring intracellular uptake of Pb2+ and CrO42− ions in living cells (human lung cancer A549) by confocal microscopy.

Ruta graveolens silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) showed the color change within 30 min and characterized using UV–visible spectra, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). UV–visible spectrum of R. graveolens AgNPs showed the sharp peak at the wavelength of 440–560 nm. XRD patterns confirmed that crystalline nature of R. graveolens AgNPs and FTIR results revealed that phytochemical reaction of these R. graveolens is responsible for the synthesis of AgNPs. TEM results showed the size of the R. graveolens AgNPs around 30–50 nm with spherical and triangular nature. Further, the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of R. graveolens AgNPs showed the effective inhibitory activity against clinically important Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Our findings suggest that R. graveolens AgNPs can be exploited toward the development of potential antibacterial agents for various biomedical and environmental applications.