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Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) occurs due to head injury ranging from simple blow to penetrating injury. TBI refers to a violently produced brain damage that is either blunting or piercing that accelerates or decelerates, resulting in the development of various clinical signs and symptoms such as loss of consciousness or lowered awareness level, entire or partial loss of memory, and various neurological or neuropsychological abnormalities, all of which can lead to disability or death. . As a result, antifibrinolytic drugs like tranexamic acid (TXA) may help to prevent traumatic intra-cranial hemorrhage. The aim of current study was to determine the effect of Tranexamic acid on Glasgow Coma Scale score in TBI patients Methodology: In this Quasi experimental type of study the 126 patients were recruited from the emergency department of Ziauddin University and Hospital North site who were presented with the traumatic brain injury. Confirmed patients of TBI were distributed into two groups; Tranexamic acid Group: A group of TBI patient received 1 gm. of tranexamic acid infused over ten minutes within three hours of injury along with standard treatment and Placebo Group: A group of TBI patient only received standard treatment. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was found to be 45.6±18.7 ranged between 18 to 89 years. While assessing the clinical parameters mean temperature recorded is 36.6 ºC, with mean respiratory rate and pulse rate of 20.3 and 91.6 respectively. The comparative analysis of the two treatment groups in which one group got the TXA and other had the usual recommended drugs only with the effectiveness of TXA in term of improvement of GCS score showed highly significant statistical association. Conclusion: Use of Trenaxamic acid (TXA) helps in improvement of GCS at many intervals of 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours as compared to those who received conventional treatment.

New structurally flexible 1-methyl- and 1,2-dimethyl-imidazolium phosphate ionic liquids (ILs) bearing oligoethers have been synthesized and thoroughly characterized. These novel ILs revealed high thermal stabilities, low glass transitions, high conductivity and wide electrochemical stability windows up to 6 V. Both the cations and anions of 1-methyl-imidazolium ILs diffuse faster than the ions of 1,2-dimethyl-imidazolium ILs, as determined by pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR). The 1-methyl-imidazolium phosphate ILs showed relatively higher ionic conductivities and ion diffusivity as compared with the 1,2-dimethyl-imidazolium phosphate ILs. As expected, the diffusivity of all the ions increases with an increase in the temperature. The 1-methyl-imidazolium phosphate ILs formed hydrogen bonds with the phosphate anions, the strength of which is decreased with increasing temperature, as confirmed by variable temperature

Objective: To find out the effective method of endotracheal intubation among patients of intracranial bleed. Methods: A quasi experimental research was performed at emergency department of Ziauddin University Hospital Karachi. 236 intracranial bleed patients were selected by consecutive sampling, half of them were intubated at upright position (45°) and remaining half at supine position. Patients of musculoskeletal deformities, ischemic stroke and previously intubated were excluded. Success or failure of endotracheal tube was confirmed by measuring oxygen saturation and audible breath sounds on chest. Results: Success rate of endotracheal placement (p-value

Porous carbon (PC) is obtained by carbonizing a zinc-coordination polymer (MOF-5) at 950 °C and PtM (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) nanoparticles (NPs), which are deposited on PC using the polyol method. Structural and morphological characterizations of the synthesized materials are carried out by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and the porosity was determined using a N2 adsorption/desorption technique. The results revealed that PtM NPs are alloyed in the fcc phase and are well dispersed on the surface of PC. The electrochemical results show that PtM/PC 950 catalysts have higher methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) performances than commercial Pt/C (20%) catalysts. After 3000 s of chronoamperometry (CA) test, the MOR performances decreased in the order of Pt1Cu1/PC 950 > Pt1Ni1/PC 950 > Pt1Fe1/PC 950 > Pt1Zn1/PC 950 > Pt1Co1/PC 950. The high MOR activities of the synthesized catalysts are attributed to the effect of M on methanol dissociative chemisorption and improved tolerance of Pt against CO poisoning. The high specific surface area and porosity of the carbon support have an additional effect in boosting the MOR activities. Screening of the first row transition metals (d5+n , n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) alloyed with Pt binary catalysts for MOR shows that Pt with d8 (Ni) and d9 (Cu) transition metals, in equivalent atomic ratios, are good anode catalysts for alcohol fuel cells.

Ionic liquids (ILs) composed of tetra(n-butyl)phosphonium [P4444]+ and tetra(n-butyl)ammonium [N4444]+ cations paired with 2-furoate [FuA]−, tetrahydo-2-furoate [HFuA]−, and thiophene-2-carboxylate [TpA]− anions are prepared to investigate the effects of electron delocalization in anion and the mutual interactions between cations and anions on their physical and electrochemical properties. The [P4444]+ cations-based ILs are found to be liquids, while the [N4444]+ cations-based ILs are semi-solids at room temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed higher decomposition temperatures and differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed lower glass transition temperatures for phosphonium-based ILs than the ammonium-based counterparts. The ILs are arranged in the decreasing order of their ionic conductivities as [P4444][HFuA] (0.069 mS cm–1) > [P4444][FuA] (0.032 mS cm–1) > [P4444][TpA] (0.028 mS cm–1) at 20 °C. The oxidative limit of the ILs followed the sequence of [FuA]−> [TpA]−> [HFuA]−, as measured by linear sweep voltammetry. This order can be attributed to the electrons’ delocalization in [FuA]− and in [TpA]− aromatic anions, which has enhanced the oxidative limit potentials and the overall electrochemical stabilities.

Here, we investigate the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of fluorine-free ionic liquid (IL)-based electrolytes with two different cations, tetrabutylphosphonium, (P-4,4,4,(4))(+), and tetrabutylammonium, (N-4,N-4,N-4,N-4)(+), coupled to a new anion, 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxylacetate anion (MEEA), for both neat and (P-4,P-4,P-4,P-4) (MEEA)(-), also doped with 10-40 mol % of Li(MEEA). We find relatively weaker cation-anion interactions in (P-4,P-4,P-4,P-4)(MEEA) than in (N-4,N-4,N-4,N-4)(MEEA), and for both ILs, the structural flexibility of the oligoether functionality in the anion results in low glass transition temperatures, also for the electrolytes made. The pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG NMR) data suggest faster diffusion of the (MEEA)(-) anion than (P-4,P-4,P-4,P-4)(+) cation in the neat IL, but the addition of a Li salt results in slightly lower mobility of the former than the latter and lower ionic conductivity. This agrees with the combined Li-7 NMR and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy data, which unambiguously reveal preferential interactions between the lithium cations and the carboxylate groups of the IL anions, which also increased as a function of the lithium salt concentration. In total, these systems provide a stepping stone for further design of fluorine-free and low glass transition temperature IL-based electrolytes and also stress how crucial it is to control the strength of ion-ion interactions.

The translational as well as reorientational mobilities of fluorine-free electrolytes prepared by mixing lithium furan-2-carboxylate Li(FuA) salt with tetra(n-butyl)phosphonium furan-2-carboxylate (P4444)(FuA) ionic liquid are thoroughly investigated. The diffusivity of ions and T1 relaxation of protons belonging to various chemical groups of (P4444)+ and (FuA)− ions and the Li+ ion present in these electrolytes are measured as a function of lithium salt concentration and temperature. The temperature dependence of correlation time for reorientational mobility of various chemical groups of (P4444)+ and (FuA)− ions and the Li+ ion are estimated and used in calculations temperature dependence of the corresponding reorientational rates. It is shown that an increase in the concentration of lithium salt leads to a decrease in both the diffusion coefficients and the reorientation rates for all the chemical groups in concerted way. Activation energy of the reorientational rates for different chemical groups of the organic ions and the Li+ are discussed in details.

Efficient and noble metal-free electrocatalyst could enhance conceivably fuel cell's affordable commercialization. In this esteem, we developed CoO embedded N-doped CNTs from zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-12) by single step inert atmosphere calcination, to be used as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst. In the electrochemical studies performed, the CoO/N-CNTs has demonstrated an onset potential of 0.83 V vs. RHE, very close to the commercial Pt catalyst value, electron transfer number of 3.5 which approaches the theoretical value of 4 and current density of 3.35 mA cm − 2 at 2500 rmp. The excellent activity of the electrocatalyst is to be attributed to its waved-tubular structure casing CoO particles and to its high surface area as it was proved by TEM and gas adsorption analysis.

Correction for ‘Mononuclear copper(i) complexes of triphenylphosphine and N,N′-disubstituted thioureas as potential DNA binding chemotherapeutics’ by Syed Ishtiaq Khan et al., New J. Chem., 2021, 45, 8925–8935, DOI: 10.1039/D0NJ06182D.

Cobalt oxide embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CoO/N-CNT) are synthesized by the direct carbonization of a cobalt–benzimidazole framework (ZIF-12) at 950 °C under an inert atmosphere. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the conducting graphitic networks of the CNT contain edge and aromatic substituted pyridinic-nitrogen. Microscopy reveals the extensive formation of multi-walled CNT encasing CoO nanoparticles. This trapping of CoO nanoparticles within the nitrogen doped CNT network is discussed as the key basis of improving the material's contact resistance and conductivity to achieve high power outputs, together with the high specific surface area (365 m2 g−1) and structural robustness of the novel composite material. The material shows an excellent lithium charge/discharge and storage, retaining ∼95% capacity after 50 cycles and a reversible capacity of ∼1100 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1, which far exceeds the performance of conventional lithium ion battery anode materials under similar conditions.

Twelve new complexes, of the general formula CuCl(TPP)2Tu1-12 (Tu = thiourea), were synthesized by the reaction of CuCl(TPP)3 (TPP = triphenylphosphine) and various N,N′-disubstituted thioureas. The structures of the synthesized complexes were characterized by different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 31P and 19F) and the representative complexes (1, 2 and 12) were analyzed via single crystal X-ray diffraction. The single crystal X-ray analysis revealed that copper(I) is coordinated with chlorine, two TPP and the thiourea ligands through the sulfur atom in a mononuclear distorted tetrahedral mode. The compounds were tested for antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxicity, antileishmanial and antioxidant activities. The results showed that the synthesized complexes are significantly more active than the free ligands and the commercial reference compounds. The high biological activities of the complexes versus free ligands can be attributed to the copper(I) chloride complexation with thiourea ligands. The synthesized complexes were also evaluated, both experimentally and theoretically, for DNA binding studies. The UV-visible spectroscopic and molecular docking studies demonstrated that the complexes are conjugating with DNA through a groove binding mode.

A simple and facile method is adopted for the synthesis of pure and catalyst free carbon material for supercapacitor applications. In a co-crystal synthesis, the precursors (isophthalic acid and a base, 4,4′-bipyridine) are arranged in regular pattern, followed by carbonization at 600 °C under an inert atmosphere to produce pure carbon material, CIN-600. The obtained sample is characterized by many techniques, such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and gas adsorption analysis. The gas adsorption and microscopic analysis demonstrated the high porosity of the carbon sample and its irregular geometry. Owing to the excellent porosity and electrical conducting properties, CIN-600 showed enhanced capacitive performance when used as an electrode material in electric double layer capacitors. The specific capacitance of the sample was ca.181.3 F g−1 at 2 mV s−1 and maintained 91.3% of its initial capacitance in a long-term cycling test.

Ag-Sn/CeO2 catalysts were synthesized by the co-precipitation method with different Ag-Sn wt.% loadings and were tested for the oxidation of CO. The catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) techniques. UV-Vis measurements were carried out to elucidate the ionic states of the silver particles, and the temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) technique was employed to check the reduction temperature of the catalyst supported on CeO2. There are peaks for silver crystallites in the X-ray diffraction patterns and the presence of SnO was not well evidenced by the XRD technique due to sintering inside the 3D array channels of CeO2 during the calcination process. The Ag-Sn/CeO2 (4%) catalyst was the most efficient and exhibited 100% CO oxidation at 100 ºC due to small particle size and strong electronic interaction with the SnO/CeO2 support.