Search

The term biomimetic can be simply defined as the examination of nature. The scientists inspired by the enormous diversity of nature to solve human problems or facilitate daily life by mimicking natural models, systems, and elements especially in the biomedical and therapeutic applications to make better drugs, artificial organs, sensing instruments, etc. Biological recognition elements like proteins, antibodies, enzymes, DNA, lectins, aptamers, cells, and viruses have been heavily used to ensure specificity in such applications in spite of their lack of stability and reusability. However, in the last two decades molecularly imprinted polymers, MIPs, have been synthesized as an alternative to mimic natural biological interactions for a broad spectrum of templates by means of coordinating functional monomers around template in the presence of cross-linker. This review will outline the broad contours of biomimetics prepared by molecular imprinting techniques and their practical applications in the separation techniques, tissue engineering applications, biomimetic surfaces, sensors, artificial membranes, and drug delivery systems.

SPR sensor used for amitrole detection was prepared without using any modification. Molecularly imprinted SPR sensor enabled high selectivity for amitrole pesticide. Amino acid-based functional monomer MATrp was integrated as a recognition element. Tailor-made SPR sensor enables real-time monitoring of amitrole pesticide. Synthetic recognition sites provided by MATrp were prepared without labeling.Herein, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based nanosensor was fabricated using molecular imprinting technique for the selective and sensitive detection of amitrole, a commonly used highly toxic pesticide. For this purpose, polymeric nanofilms involving N-methacryloyl-l-tryptophan methyl ester and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate which are functional monomer and cross-linker, respectively, were prepared on the SPR chips surface via the ultravoilet polymerization method. The nanofilms were characterized by several techniques such as ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection, atomic force microscope and contact angle measurements. The kinetic analyses for amitrole detection were examined through amitrole-imprinted and non-imprinted SPR sensor chips. The developed imprinted sensor showed high selectivity to the amitrole molecule than similar molecules and a good linear relationship for the 0.06-11.90 nM concentration range with a low limit of detection value of 0.037 nM. The high imprinting efficiency (I.F: 62.38) of the amitrole-imprinted SPR sensor was determined by comparing it with the non-imprinted SPR sensor. The most suitable model of this sensor is the Langmuir adsorption model. To statistically assess the reusability of the sensor, intraday experiments were tested three times with five replicates. The relative standard deviation% value less than1.5 indicates high reproducibility for both sensor production and reproducibility of the method. The prepared sensor was also applied efficiently for the selective detection of the amitrole in spiked samples prepared from vegetables to evaluate the matrix effect. As a result, amitrole-imprinted SPR sensors have been estimated to be highly selective, fast responsive, easy to use, reusable and sensitive in detecting amitrole in both natural source and aqueous solutions. Label-free amitrole detection was performed by an aminoacid-based SPR sensor fabricated without the need for complex coupling processes.

WOS:000612823000013 PubMed: 33383498 Boronic acids are important ligands used to selectively recognize and enrich compounds containing cis-diol groups such as nucleosides. In the present study, organic-inorganic hybrid [POSS-MAH-BPA] monolithic column was prepared for the first time in the literature as a new boronate affinity system for the recognition of nucleosides. The selectivity of the [POSS-MAH-PBA] boronate affinity monolithic column for the recognition of cis-diol containing adenosine nucleoside from its analogue molecule of deoxyadenosine triphosphate, dATP, noncis-diol containing compound was investigated both by UV and HPLC studies. When the relative selectivity coefficients are compared, the [POSS-MAH-PBA] boronate affinity monolithic column is 4.25 times more selective for adenosine than [POSS-MAH] monolithic column. Besides, to determine endogenous nucleosides in biological fluids, which may serve as non-invasive cancer biomarkers, nucleosides were spiked into the urine solutions and passed through the [POSS-MAH-PBA] boronate affinity monolithic column, and the nucleosides were confirmed by HPLC. The adenosine recognition capability of the [POSS-MAH-PBA] boronate affinity monolithic column with an average enrichment factor of 48.9-fold was apparently superior to that of the [POSSMAH] monolithic column. Methacryl Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS-MA) with nano-sized stable 3-dimensional architectures provided the advantage of being used as an adsorbent for the monolithic structure by providing high surface area, 507.60 m(2)/g, and enabling vinyl groups to function with amino acid-based MAH monomers capable of providing electrons to coordinate PBA. Recovery results of more than 90% for adenosine showed that the [POSS-MAH-PBA] boronate affinity monolithic column could be a promising adsorbent for selective adsorption of cis-diol containing compounds such as nucleosides.

Recognition mechanism and enantiomerically separations of the chiral compounds are subjects that always stimulate the great interest of researchers in pharmacology and natural sciences, who are interested in finding solutions for both analytical purity and preparative purposes. Capillary Electrophoresis has become one of the most important analytical approaches for enantiomeric separations due to its superior properties, such as high resolution and high efficiency of chiral selectors. In this field, where researchers continue to be interested, the distinctions continue to develop day by day, with the introduction of new techniques developed on the basis of Capillary Electrophoresis philosophy in parallel with the development process of technology, as well as the chiral selectors of many different forms. In this review, besides some descriptive theoretical information about capillary electrophoresis and the techniques associated with it, studies on chiral separations using different chiral selectors or different chiral additives, such as molecularly imprinted polymers, cyclodextrins, Metal-organic frameworks, ionic liquids, nanoparticles and monoliths in the last nearly 10 years (2010-2020) were examined.

In this study, chlorpyrifos (Cps) imprinted nanoparticles based QCM sensor were prepared for the detection of chlorpyrifos pesticide. Cps imprinted poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate- N- metacryloyl- (L)- tryptophan) (PEDMATrp) nanoparticles were prepared and then these nanoparticles were attached to the surface of QCM sensor chip. Also, nonimprinted PEDMATrp QCM sensor was prepared without using Cps molecule to evaluate the imprinting efficiency. Cps imprinted and non-imprinted nanoparticles were characterized by zeta-sizer and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectrophotometer. Cps imprinted and non-imprinted QCM sensors were also characterized by atomic force microscopy, ellipsometer, and contact angle measurements. The prepared sensors were applied for selective Cps detection in aqueous solution for the range of 0.015-2.9 nM. The selectivity studies of the QCM sensor were examined by using competitive pesticide molecules such as diazinon and parathion (2.9 nM), which are similar to Cps in size and shape. The reusability studies of the prepared sensors were investigated by applying the same pesticide concentration (1.45 nM), four times consecutively. Bu çalışmada, kloropirifos (Cps) baskılanmış nanopartikül temelli QCM sensörü, kloropirifos pestisit tayini için hazırlanmıştır. Cps baskılanmış poli(etilen glikol dimetakrilat-N- metakriloil- (L)- triptofan) (PEDMATrp) nanopartikülleri hazırlandıktan sonra nanopartiküller QCM sensör çipinin yüzeyine tutturuldu. Ayrıca, baskılama etkinliğini değerlendirmek için Cps molekülü kullanılmadan baskılanmamış PEDMATrp QCM sensörü hazırlanmıştır. Cps baskılanmış ve baskılanmamış nanopartiküller zeta-boyut ve FTIR-ATR spektrofotometresi ile karakterize edilmiştir. Cps baskılanmış ve baskılanmamış QCM sensörleri atomik kuvvet mikroskobu, elipsometre ve temas açısı ölçümleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Hazırlanan QCM sensörler, sulu çözeltide seçici olarak Cps tayini için 0.015-2.9 nM aralığında sinyal vermiştir. Hazırlanan PEDMATrp kuvartz kristal mikroterazi sensörün seçiciliği, Diazinon ve Parathion (2.9 nM) gibi boyut ve şekil bakımından kloropirifosa benzer yarışmacı pestisit molekülleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Hazırlanan sensörlerin tekrar kullanılabilirlik çalışmaları aynı pestisit derişiminde (1.45 nM) dört kez art arda uygulanmasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.

WOS:000503065300011 In this study, D,L-ampicillin separation was carried out by ligand exchange-micellar electrokinetic chromatography method using L-Lysine monohydrochloride as a ligand and copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate is a central ion supplier. Isomeric separations were performed using capillary electrophoresis (CE) instrument, in which SDS-L-Lys-Cu+2 micelle complex was used as a pseudostationary phase. The effect of pH, SDS amount, applied electrical field, pressure, organic solvent ratio and ampicillin D,L-ratios were investigated. Fast,inexpensive and sensitive approach for the simultaneous separation of D,L-ampicillin in both aqueous and real antibiotic sample was performed using CE coupled with UV detector. The separation was achieved in a short period of 7 minutes with high-sensitivity andlow-detection limit of 1.25 mu M by the developed SDS-L-Lys-Cu+2 micelle-chiral selector complexes without using any extra process such as imprinting or spacer arms for the immobilization of the ligands.

In this study, we have reported a novel wastewater treatment technique by phenol imprinted bacterial cellulose (BC-MIP) nanofibres with high specificity and adsorption capacity. N-methacryloyl-(L) phenylalanine methyl ester (MAPA) functional monomer was used to create specific binding sites for the template molecule phenol via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. BC-MIP nanofibres were synthesized by surface imprinting approach in the presence of different amounts of total monomer (% weight), monomer/template ratio and polymerization time. Then, the nanofibres were characterized by FTIR-ATR, surface area analysis (BET), elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurements. Adsorption studies were performed with respect to pH, temperature and ionic strength, and the adsorption capacity was calculated by using the spectrophotometer. In order to desorb the adsorbed phenol from BC-MIP nanofibres, 0.1 M NaCl solution was used. Besides, BC-MIP nanofibres were applied to real wastewater samples from Ergene basin in Turkey. The suitable equilibrium isotherm was determined as Langmuir isotherm. To evaluate the selectivity of the BC-MIP nanofibres, similar molecules were utilized as competitor molecules, which were 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol. Electrostatic interactions were found to contribute to the generation of specific recognition binding sites. The results have shown that imprinting of phenol was achieved successfully with high adsorption capacity. The phenol removal efficiency was reported up to 97%. BC-MIP nanofibres were used 10 times with a negligible decrease in adsorption capacity. [GRAPHICS] . WOS:000471539100001 2-s2.0-85065257535 PubMed: 30919740

In this study, we have reported a novel wastewater treatment technique by phenol imprinted bacterial cellulose (BC-MIP) nanofibers with high specificity and adsorption capacity. N-methacryloyl-(L)-amido phenylalanine (MAPA) functional monomer was used to create specific binding sites for the template molecule phenol via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. BC-MIP nanofibers were synthesized by surface imprinting approach in the presence of different amounts of total monomer (% weight), monomer/template ratio and polymerization time. Then, the nanofibers were characterized by FTIR-ATR, surface area analysis (BET), elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurements. Adsorption studies were performed with respect to pH, temperature and ionic strength, and the adsorption capacity was calculated by using the spectrophotometer. In order to desorb the adsorbed phenol from BC-MIP nanofibers, 0.1 M NaCl solution was used. Besides, BC-MIP nanofibers were applied to real wastewater samples from Ergene basin in Turkey. The suitable equilibrium isotherm was determined as Langmuir isotherm. To evaluate the selectivity of the BC-MIP nanofibers, similar molecules were utilized as non-template molecules, which were 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol. Electrostatic interactions were found to contribute to the generation of specific recognition binding sites. The results have shown that imprinting of phenol was achieved successfully with high adsorption capacity. The phenol removal efficiency was reported up to 97%. BC-MIP nanofibers were used 10 times with a negligible decrease in adsorption capacity.

The ability to detect catecholamines (CAs) and their metabolites is vital to understand the mechanism behind the neuronal diseases. Neurochemistry aims to provide an improved pharmacological, molecular and physiological understanding of complex brain chemistries by analytical techniques. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is one such analytical technique that enables the study of various chemical species ranging from amino acids and peptides to natural products and drugs. CE can easily adapt the changes in research focus and in recent years remains an applicable technique for investigating neuroscience and single cell neurobiology. The prepared phenylalanine-based hydrophobic monolithic column, Polymethacryloyl-L-phenylalanine [PMAPA], was used as a stationary phase in capillary electrochromatography to separate CAs that are similar in size and shape to each other including dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) via hydrophobic interactions. Separation carried out in a short period of 17 min was performed with the electrophoretic mobility of 5.54 × 10−6 m2 V−1 s−1 and 7.60 × 10−6 m2 V−1 s−1 for DA and NE, respectively, at pH 7.0, 65% acetonitrile ratio with 100 mbar applied pressure by the developed hydrophobic monolithic column without needing any extra process such as imprinting or spacer arms to immobilize ligands used in separation.

Iron chelation therapy can be used for the selective removal of Fe(3+) ions from spiked human plasma by ion imprinting. N-Methacryloyl-(L)-glutamic acid (MAGA) was chosen as the chelating monomer. In the first step, MAGA was complexed with the Fe(3+) ions to prepare the precomplex, and then the ion-imprinted poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-(L)-glutamic acid) [PHEMAGA-Fe(3+)] cryogel column was prepared by cryo-polymerization under a semi-frozen temperature of - 12°C for 24 h. Subsequently, the template, of Fe(3+) ions was removed from the matrix by using 0.1 M EDTA solution. The values for the specific surface area of the imprinted PHEMAGA-Fe(3+) and non-imprinted PHEMAGA cryogel were 45.74 and 7.52 m(2)/g respectively, with a pore size in the range of 50-200 μm in diameter. The maximum Fe(3+) adsorption capacity was 19.8 μmol Fe(3+)/g cryogel from aqueous solutions and 12.28 μmol Fe(3+)/g cryogel from spiked human plasma. The relative selectivity coefficients of ion-imprinted cryogel for Fe(3+)/Ni(2+) and Fe(3+)/Cd(2+) were 1.6 and 4.2-fold greater than the non-imprinted matrix, respectively. It means that the PHEMAGA-Fe(3+) cryogel possesses high selectivity to Fe(3+) ions, and could be used many times without significantly decreasing the adsorption capacity.

The aim of this study is to label the cells with polymeric nanoparticles properly and efficiently. For this purpose, acridine orange (AO)-loaded poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) nanoparticles were synthesized by miniemulsion polymerization. PHEMA nanoparticles were characterized by zeta sizer, zeta potential, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fluorescence microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), and elemental analysis. In addition, the toxicity of the nanoparticles were investigated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay.

In this study, a new molecular imprinting (MIP)-based monolithic cryogel column was prepared using chemically crosslinked molecularly imprinted nanoparticles, to achieve a simplified chromatographic separation (SPE) for a model compound, L-glutamic acid (L-Glu). Cryogelation through crosslinking of imprinted nanoparticles forms stable monolithic cryogel columns. This technique reduces the leakage of nanoparticles and increases the surface area, while protecting the structural features of the cryogel for stable and efficient recognition of the template molecule. A non-imprinted monolithic cryogel column (NIP) was also prepared, using non-imprinted nanoparticles produced without the addition of L-Glu during polymerization. The molecularly imprinted monolithic cryogel column (MIP) indicates apparent recognition selectivity and a good adsorption capacity compared to the NIP. Also, we have achieved a significant increase in the adsorption capacity, using the advantage of high surface area of the nanoparticles.