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Digital preservation is a field of research focused on designing strategies for maintaining digital objects accessible for general use in the coming years. Out of the many approaches to digital preservation, the present research article is a continuation work of a previously published article containing a proposal for a novel object-centered paradigm to address the digital preservation problem where digital objects share part of the responsibility for self-preservation. In the new framework, the behavior of digital objects is modeled to find the best preservation strategy. The results presented in the current article add a new economic constraint to the object behavior. Now, differently from the previous paper, migrations, copies and updates are not free to use, but subject to budget limitations to ensure the economic sustainability of the whole preservation system, forcing the now-called cost-aware digital objects for efficient management of available budget. The presented approach compares two auction-based mechanisms, a multi-unit auction and a combinatorial auction, with a simple direct purchase strategy as possible efficient behaviors for budget management. TiM, a simulated environment for running distributed digital ecosystems, is used to perform the experiments. The simulated results map the relation between the studied purchase models with the sustained quality level of digital objects, as a measure of its accessibility, together with its budget management capabilities. About the results, the best performance corresponds to the combinatorial auction model. The results are a good approach to deal with the digital preservation problem from a sustainable point of view and open the door to future implementations with other purchase strategies This research was funded by the PRESERVA 2019 PROD 00024 and VoteVote DEMOC00001 of the AGAUR

Background Benznidazole and nifurtimox are effective drugs used to treat Chagas’ disease; however, their administration in patients in the chronic phase of the disease is still limited, mainly due to their limited efficacy in the later chronic stage of the disease and to the adverse effects related to these drugs. Objectives To evaluate the effect of low doses of nanoformulated benznidazole using a chronic model of Trypanosoma cruzi Nicaragua infection in C57BL/6J mice. Methods Nanoformulations were administered in two different schemes: one daily dose for 30 days or one dose every 7 days, 13 times. Results Both treatment schemes showed promising outcomes, such as the elimination of parasitaemia, a reduction in the levels of T. cruzi-specific antibodies and a reduction in T. cruzi-specific IFN-γ-producing cells, as well as an improvement in electrocardiographic alterations and a reduction in inflammation and fibrosis in the heart compared with untreated T. cruzi-infected animals. These results were also compared with those from our previous work on benznidazole administration, which was shown to be effective in the same chronic model. Conclusions In this experimental model, intermittently administered benznidazole nanoformulations were as effective as those administered continuously; however, the total dose administered in the intermittent scheme was lower, indicating a promising therapeutic approach to Chagas’ disease.

Para entender la aparición y la repercusión de las obras de las llamadas «escritoras guapas» (meinü zuojia) hay que partir de una aproximación interdisciplinaria (combinando la antropología cultural y los estudios de traducción) que permita leerlo también en clave china, es decir, conocer las circunstancias que envuelven este fenómeno socio-literario en el contexto donde se engendran, así como las que permiten que se conviertan en un producto cultural global y nos lleguen traducidas. Como punto de partida tomamos prestada la idea de García- Canclini (2004) de relacionar los conceptos de desigualdad, diferencia y desconexión para analizar hasta qué punto la imagen que se proyecta de ellas de exclusión de la cultura dominante, es un elemento más con el que juegan las editoriales como parte de su estrategia comercial. Finalmente, analizaremos cuál es el papel de todos los integrantes de este proceso (autoras, lectores, editoriales y traductores. To be able to understand the image and the impact of the works of the so-called «beautiful writers» (meinü zuojia) we must take an interdisciplinary approach (combining cultural anthropology and translation studies) that allows usto interpret it from the Chinese standpoint.This helps us understand the circumstances surrounding thissocio-literary phenomenon within its context, as well as those that make possible for these novelsto become a global cultural product and eventually be translated into Western languages. We have borrowed from García-Canclini (2004) the idea of working simultaneously with the concepts of inequality, difference, and disconnection to analyse to what extent these writers' projected image of exclusion from the mainstream culture −both because their works have been censured and because of the valuesthey reflect through their female main characters− is based on reality or if, on the contrary, it isjust part of the publishers' commercialstrategy. Finally, we will analyse the role of all the subjectstaking part in this process(authors, readers, publishing houses and translators), as well as how they interrelate within their own literary systems and between two different ones.

Background: The standard treatment for nagana and surra, vector–born parasite diseases, is a single intramuscular (i.m.) dose of diminazene aceturate (Berenil), an aromatic diamidine. Due to discontinuation of public provision of veterinary services or to lack of access to remote areas, low income farmers inject livestock and other domestic animals by themselves. We tested a not explored administration route for drugs against parasitological infections: the intranasal one. Berenil alone dissolved in water did not reach an effective drug concentration. Methods: Mice were infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei or Trypanosoma evansi and treated with different formulations of Berenil. Survival, parasitemia, body weight and behavior were recorded. Results: Berenil formulated with chitosan reached a lethal concentration for bloodstream parasites. Residual parasites were absent, as demonstrated by immunosuppression. Conclusion: The intranasal route is an effective, safer, and easier way to perform antiparasitic treatments in animals.

This paper presents about our research in social search. Generally, the research in social search falls into two principal challenges. The first challenge is how to find more relevant answers to the question. The second one is how to increase speed in finding relevant answers. Recently, we had provided two algorithms called Asknext and Question Waves to find more relevant answers compared to the baseline algorithm BFS. But, the search speed of the two proposed algorithms still the subject to improve. In this paper, we introduce the agents’ ability of learning the answers from the interactions with other agents so that they can quickly answer the question of other agents. We model this learning process by implementing the concept of data caching as the short-term memory of each social search agent. The result improvement of the speediness and the reduction of the number of messages used to communicate between agents, after apply agent's short-term memory concept, demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed approach This work was supported in part by by the EU's 7FP under grant agreement no 316097, by the TIN2013-48040-R (QWAVES) Nuevos métodos de automatización de la búsqueda social basados en waves de preguntas, the IPT20120482430000 (MIDPOINT) Nuevos enfoques de preservación digital con mejor gestión de costes que garantizan su sostenibilidad, VirCoin2SME – num. H2020-MSCA-RISE SEP 210165853. Social, complementary or community virtual currencies transfer of knowledge to SME: a new era for competitiveness and entrepreneurship, and VISUAL AD, RTC-2014-2566-7 and GEPID, RTC-2014-2576-7, as well as the grup de recerca consolidat CSI-ref. 2014 SGR 1469

Few epidemiological studies have examined the relationship of dietary fatty acids, especially MUFA, with the interrelation between insulin secretion and insulin resistance. We assessed the relation of dietary fatty acids with insulin secretion in a free-living population.This cross-sectional, population-based study was undertaken in Pizarra, a small town in Spain.Anthropometrical data were collected for 1226 persons selected randomly from the municipal census, 538 of whom (randomly chosen) were given a prospective, quantitative, 7-day nutritional questionnaire. The fatty acid composition of the serum phospholipids was used as a biological marker of the type of fat consumed. Beta-cell function (betaCFI) and insulin-resistance index (IRI) were estimated by the Homeostasis Model Assessment.To determine which factors influence the variability of the betaCFI, we analyzed the variance of the betaCFI according to sex, the presence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and the different components of the diet, adjusting the models for age, body mass index (BMI) and IRI. The dietary MUFA and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) contributed to the variability of the betaCFI, whereas only the proportion of serum phospholipid MUFA, but neither the saturated fatty acids nor the PUFA accounted for part of the variability of the betaCFI in a multiple regression analysis.The results of this population-based study corroborate the results of other clinical and experimental studies suggesting a favorable relationship of MUFA with beta-cell insulin secretion.Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Junta de Andalucía and the Asociación Maimónides.

[Aim]: To evaluate the relation between type of dietary fatty acid and degree of insulin resistance. Design: A cross-sectional study. [Methods]: Anthropometrical data were measured in 538 subjects, aged 18-65 years, selected randomly from the municipal census of Pizarra (Spain). An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was given to all subjects and measurements were made of glycemia, insulinemia and the proportion of fatty acids in plasma phospholipids. Insulin resistance (IR) was estimated by homeostasis model assessment. Samples of cooking oil being used were obtained from the kitchens. The strength of association between variables was measured by calculating the odds ratio (OR) from logistic models, and the relationships were measured by linear correlation coefficients. [Results]: Insulin resistance was significantly less in people who used olive oil compared with those who used sunflower oil or a mixture. Statistical significance remained in the group of people with normal OGTT after adjusting for obesity. In the whole sample, IR correlated negatively with the concentration of oleic acid (r = -0.11; P = 0.02) and positively with that of linoleic acid (r = 0.10; P = 0.02) from the cooking oil. In subjects with normal OGTT, IR correlated negatively with oleic acid from cooking oil (r = -0.17; P = 0.004) and from plasma phospholipids (r = -0.11; P = 0.01) and positively with the concentration of linoleic acid in cooking oil (r = 0.18; P = 0.004) and plasma phospholipids (r = 0.12; P = 0.005). The risk (OR) of having raised IR was significantly lower in people who consumed olive oil, either alone (OR = 0.50) or mixed (OR = 0.52) compared with those who consumed only sunflower oil. [Conclusion]: There is an association between the intake of oleic acid, the composition of oleic acid in plasma phospholipids and peripheral insulin action., This work was supported by grants from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (98/0475 and Red de Centros RCMN C03/08), Junta de Andalucía (6/98), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (IFD97/0718) and Asociación Maimónides.

We study the Naming Game (NG) dynamics when two disjoint networks with nodes in consensus on competing opinions are connected with new links. We consider two sets of networks; one contains several networks with real-life communities, the other networks generated with the Watts-Strogatz and Barabasi-Albert models. For each set, we run NG on all the possible pairs of networks and observe whether a consensus is reached to determine network features that correlate highly with such outcome. The main conclusion is that the quality of network community structure informs network’s ability to resist or exert influence from/on others. Moreover, the outcomes depend on whether Speaker-First of Listener-First NG is run and on whether a speaker or listener is biased towards high or low degree nodes. The results reveal strategies that may be used to enable and accelerate convergence to consensus in social networks.

Despite numerous studies, the importance which the tissue or the composition of the diet may have in the biological distribution of each fatty acid is not well known. To determine the importance of tissue origin and dietary fatty acids in the fatty acid composition of cell phospholipids, 54 male adult rats were fed isocaloric diets for one month varying only in their fatty acid compositions. The fat component of the six experimental groups was derived from olive oil, sunflower oil, fish oil, soybean oil, palmitic acid, or 82% palmitic acid plus 18% soybean oil, supplying the essential fatty acid. The fatty acid composition of phospholipids from thymocytes, pancreatic exocrine, muscle and adipose tissues was studied by gas-chromatography. The tissue of origin was a more important source of variation than diet in the fatty acid content of the cell phospholipids except for palmitic acid (16:0), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3). This study points out the complexity of the interrelations between different families of fatty acids and of the specificity of each tissue to changes in the composition of dietary fatty acids, as well as the inconvenience of speaking from the dietary point of view of groups of fatty acid families based on the position of the double bond, since their individual behaviour, including saturated fatty acids, is very different in the face of dietary manipulation. The study also highlights the different behaviour of each of the fatty acids in relation to the others in the diet in each of the tissues, a circumstance which should be taken into account when evaluating the biological effects in both epidemiological and experimental studies.

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of an association between the -30GA polymorphism of the promoter of the glucokinase gene and the prevalence and incidence of obesity. We studied the -30GA polymorphism of the glucokinase gene promoter in 981 persons, of whom 866 were seen again 6 years later. All the persons underwent an oral glucose-tolerance test and the BMI (weight/height(2)) was recorded. The -30GA polymorphism of the glucokinase gene promoter was studied using RFLP-PCR. At the initial study, the probability of having a BMIor =25 in carriers of the A allele was significantly lower than expected by chance (odds ratio (OR) = 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.456-0.885). In those persons with a BMIor =30 at the first study, the probability at 6 years of losing weight (reaching a BMI30) was greater in carriers of the A allele (OR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.087-0.576). The increase in weight over these 6 years, taken as a continuous variable, was significantly less only in those persons who were originally obese (P = 0.018). In conclusion, in a population from southern Spain, carriers of the A allele of the -30GA polymorphism in the promoter of the glucokinase gene had a lower risk for obesity and the likelihood of losing weight was greater in those obese persons who had the A allele (GA or AA).

Two paradigms currently exist for information search. The first is the library paradigm, which has been largely automated and is the prevailing paradigm in today’s web search. The second is the village paradigm, and although it is older than the library paradigm, its automation has not been considered, yet certain elements of its key aspects have been automated, as in the cases of the Q&A communities or novel services such as Quora. The increasing popularity and availability of online social networks and question-answering communities have encouraged revisiting of the automation of the village paradigm owing to new helpful developments, primarily that people are more connected with their acquaintances on the internet and their contact lists are available. In this survey, we study how the village paradigm is today partially automated: we consider the selection of candidates for answering questions, answering questions automatically and helping candidates to decide what questions to answer. Other aspects are also considered, for example, the automation of a reward system. We conclude that a next step towards the automation of the village paradigm involves intelligent agents that can leverage a P2P (peer-to-peer) social network, which will create new and interesting issues deeply entwined with social networks in the form of information processing by agents in parallel and side by side with people Albert Trias acknowledges the PhD support grant Universitat de Girona BR/10. This work was partially funded by the MINECO projects IPT20120482430000 (MIDPOINT), Nuevos enfoques de preservacion digital con mejor gestion de costes que garantizan su sostenibilidad and IPT-430000-2010-13, Social powered Agents for Knowledge search Engine (SAKE), the EU DURAFILE no. 605356, FP7-SME-2013, BSG-SME (Research for SMEs) Innovative Digital Preservation using Social Search in Agent Environments, and the AGAUR grant for the CSI-ref.2009SGR-1202

A nitric oxide synthase was partially purified from soluble extracts of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote forms. The conversion of L-arginine to citrulline by this enzyme activity required NADPH and was blocked by EGTA. The reaction was activated by Ca2+, calmodulin, tetrahydrobiopterin, and FAD, and inhibited by N omega-methyl-L-arginine. L-Glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartate stimulated in vivo conversion of L-arginine to citrulline by epimastigote cells. These stimulations could be blocked by EGTA, MK-801, and ketamine and enhanced by glycine. A sodium nitroprusside-activated guanylyl cyclase activity was detected in cell-free, soluble preparations of T. cruzi epimastigotes. L-Glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and sodium nitroprusside increased epimastigote cyclic GMP levels. MK-801 bound specifically to T. cruzi epimastigote cells. This binding was competed by ketamine and enhanced by glycine or L-serine. Evidence thus indicates that in T. cruzi epimastigotes, L-glutamate controls cyclic GMP levels through a pathway mediated by nitric oxide.

SUMARIO: I.- Introducción. II.- Antonio María Fabié Escudero (1832-1899). 1. Diputado y político. 2. Gobernador del Banco de España. 3. Perfil notafílico. III.- Fernando Merino Villarino, conde de Sagasta (1859-1929). 1. Diputado y político. 2. Gobernador del Banco de España. 3. Perfil notafílico. IV.- Conclusión. V.- Bibliografía.

International audience; Cruzipain (Cz), the major cysteine proteinase of Trypanosoma cruzi, is a glycoprotein that contains sulfated high-mannose-type oligosaccharides. We have previously determined that these sulfate groups are targets of specific immune responses. In order to evaluate the structural requirements for antibody recognition of Cz, a systematic structure-activity study of the chemical characteristics needed for antibody binding to the Cz sulfated epitope was performed by immunoassays. With this aim, different synthesized molecules were coupled to the proteins BSA and aprotinin and confronted with (a) mouse sera specific for Cz and its carboxy-terminal (C-T) domain, (b) antibodies raised in rabbits immunized with Cz and its C-terminal domain and (c) IgGs purified from human Chagas disease sera. Our results indicate that a glucosamine containing an esterifying sulfate group in position O-6 and an N-acetyl group was the preferred epitope for the immune recognition of sera specific for Cz and its C-T domain. Although to a minor extent, other anionic compounds bearing sulfate groups in different positions and number as well as different anionic charged groups including carboxylated or phosphorylated monosaccharides, disaccharides and oligosaccharides were recognized. In conclusion, we found that synthetic anionic sugar conjugates containing N-acetyl d-glucosamine-6-sulfate sodium salt (GlcNAc6S) competitively inhibit the binding of affinity purified rabbit anti-C-T IgG to the C-T extension of Cz. Extending these findings to the context of natural infection, immune assays performed with Chagas disease serum confirmed that the structure of synthetic GlcNAc6S mimics the N-glycan-linked sulfated epitope displayed in the C-T domain of Cz.

This paper describes the Asknext protocol, which automates knowledge exchanges by connecting agents using social networks. The protocol combines social answering systems, in which people answer queries or questions, with social feedback systems, in which feedback is used to sort search results. In Asknext, each agent represents a user, her contacts and her knowledge. When an agent receives a question, it will try to answer it; if it has no answer available, the agent forwards a message with that question to its contacts or shows it to its user. Asknext's main contributions are that it introduces stop messages and different propagation speeds for different messages, which allow a reduction in the spread of messages after an information need has been satisfied. A difference in the propagation speed of messages results in the search stopping when a relevant answer has been found. This paper describes a formalisation of the protocol, its mathematical model and experiments showing that the number of messages generated is lower than those generated by social search protocols such as Sixearch. Concretely, Asknext sends 20 times fewer messages than Sixearch; therefore, Asknext significantly improves the scalability of social search protocols, with as little as 0.05% loss of answer suitability, with the result that in many cases, there is no loss of suitability This research is funded by the European Union Project No. 238887, a Unique European Citizens' attention service (iSAC6+) IST-PSP, the ACC1O Catalan Government Grant ASKS - Agents for Social Knowledge Search, the Spanish MCINN (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion) Projects TIN2010-17903 Comparative approaches to the implementation of intelligent agents in digital preservation from a perspective of the automation of social networks and IPT-430000-2010-13 project Social powered Agents for Knowledge search Engine (SAKE), the Universitat de Girona research Grant BR09/10 awarded to Albert Trias and the Talencia Grant for the CSI-Ref.2009SGR-1202

In this paper we present a novel approach to assigning roles to robots in a team of physical heterogeneous robots. Its members compete for these roles and get rewards for them. The rewards are used to determine each agent’s preferences and which agents are better adapted to the environment. These aspects are included in the decision making process. Agent interactions are modelled using the concept of an ecosystem in which each robot is a species, resulting in emergent behaviour of the whole set of agents. One of the most important features of this approach is its high adaptability. Unlike some other learning techniques, this approach does not need to start a whole exploitation process when the environment changes. All this is exemplified by means of experiments run on a simulator. In addition, the algorithm developed was applied as applied to several teams of robots in order to analyse the impact of heterogeneity in these systems. This work was supported by the Spanish MCYT project DPI2007-66872-C02-01, Arquitecturas Multiagente de Control e Interacción de Robots Móviles en su Aplicación al Rescate de Supervivientes de Catástrofes con Agua and by EU project No. 34744 ONE: Open Negotiation Environment, FP6-2005-IST-5, ICT-for Networked Businesses.

This paper questions the assumption that pop literature is easier to translate than high literature. It uses a real-life example, namely, the translation from Chinese into Catalan of Chun Sue's autobiographical novel Beijing wawa as a case study. It is argued that translational difficulties arise not only because of its wealth of culture-specific references but also because of the characteristics of the author's literary style, where most of the appeal of the novel lies for the original audience. Cultural referents in the source text are identified and the suitability or unsuitability of using different translation techniques are discussed, taking into account both authorial intention and the expected target reader knowledge of the original culture.

Recent studies have confirmed important regional differences in the prevalence of obesity, as well as a tendency for this prevalence to increase. Determination of the social factors involved in obesity may be very useful to design intervention and prevention strategies. This transverse study was undertaken in Pizarra (Malaga, Spain) from a random sample of the population between 18 and 65 years of age (n = 1226). All participants were interviewed and given a physical examination. Standardized anthropometrical measurements were made, and a baseline blood sample was taken after an oral glucose tolerance test. The overall prevalence of obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) was 28.8%. This figure increased continuously from 10% in the group aged 18–25 years to above 50% in the groups aged over 55 years. This prevalence is higher than that reported in most other studies in Spain. The obese persons ate differently, at least from a qualitative viewpoint, probably more saturated fats and fewer unsaturated fats, and had a different behaviour concerning alcohol and smoking. Marital status was related with the rate of obesity, and the close relation between the level of education and the risk of obesity was confirmed (OR = 3.8 for being obese and having no education compared to having university studies). The most important consequence of the study was that all these factors are potentially modifiable and preventable. An increased level of general education in the population may well contribute decisively to a reduction in the prevalence of obesity.

The trypanocidal action of green tea catechins against two different developmental stages of Trypanosoma cruzi is reported for the first time. This activity was assayed with the nonproliferative bloodstream trypomastigote and with the intracellular replicative amastigote parasite forms. An ethyl acetate fraction from Camellia sinensis green tea leaves, which contains most of the polyphenolic compounds and the maximal trypanocidal activity, was obtained by fractionation of the aqueous extract with organic solvents. The active compounds present in this extract were further purified by LH-20 column chromatography and were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis with a photo diode array detector and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy. The following flavan-3-ols derivatives, known as catechins, were identified: catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate. The purified compounds lysed more than 50% of the parasites present in the blood of infected BALB/c mice at concentrations as low as 0.12 to 85 pM. The most active compounds were gallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate, with minimal bactericidal concentrations that inhibited 50% of isolates tested of 0.12 and 0.53 pM, respectively. The number of amastigotes in infected Vero cells decreased by 50% in the presence of each of these compounds at 100 nM. The effects of the catechins on the recombinant T. cruzi arginine kinase, a key enzyme in the energy metabolism of the parasite, were assayed. The activity of this enzyme was inhibited by about 50% by nanomolar concentrations of catechin gallate or gallocatechin gallate, whereas the other members of the group were less effective. On the basis of these results, we suggest that these compounds could be used to sterilize blood and, eventually, as therapeutic agents for Chagas' disease.

Background: The family kitchen resembles an uncontrolled laboratory experiment, and some discrepancies in the relation between the risk of hypertension and dietary fat may be partly due to the manipulation to which the fats were subjected. Objective: We investigated whether deterioration in the quality of the cooking oils in the family household contributes to the risk of high blood pressure. Design: The study was cross-sectional. Anthropometric measurements were obtained for 1226 persons aged 18–65 y who were selected randomly from the municipal census of Pizarra, Spain. An oral-glucose-tolerance test was given to 1020 of these persons. Samples of the cooking oil being used were taken from the kitchens of a random subset of 538 persons. The concentrations of polar compounds and polymers were used as markers of the deterioration of the oils. The strength of association between variables was measured by calculating the odds ratio from logistic models. Results: Hypertension was strongly associated with obesity and was influenced by sex, diabetes, and age. The presence of excess polar compounds in the cooking oil and the use of sunflower oil were related to the risk of hypertension, whereas the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in the serum phospholipids was negatively related to this risk. These associations remained after inclusion in the models of age, sex, obesity, and the presence of carbohydrate metabolism disorder. Conclusions: The risk of hypertension is positively and independently associated with the intake of cooking oil polar compounds and inversely related to blood concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:1092–7.

OBJECTIVE: To find the frequency of amputations of lower limbs (ALL) with the aim of designing a programme to prevent ALL in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). DESIGN: Retrospective observation study. SETTING: Population study in Malaga and its province. PATIENTS: The clinical records of everyone with ALL in public or subsidised hospitals in the province of Malaga between January 1 1996 and December 31 1997 were reviewed. Traumatic or tumoural ALL were excluded. Cumulative incidence, relative risk (RR) of ALL and the mortality rate of people with DM were calculated. RESULTS: 449 ALL took place during the period studied, 316 (70.3%) in people with DM and 133 (29.6%) in people not suffering DM. The incidence of ALL per 100000 people and per year was 6.3 (CI: 4.7-7.8) in the population without DM and 136.1 (CI: 114.9-157.3) in people with DM. The RR of ALL was 21.6 (CI: 17.6-26.4) for the population with DM, with differences between men and women (16.8 vs. 36.1, respectively). Mean age of ALL was significantly greater (p < 0.05) for the population with DM (70.0 ± 10.2 vs. 68.9 ± 15.9 years old). Older ALL were more numerous in both women and men in the two groups studied. The mortality rate, complications and mean stay in hospital were greater in the population with DM. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the greater risk of ALL run by people with DM. The incidence of ALL in this study was less than in countries of Northern Europe, the USA and Australia, but more than in any study published before in Spain.

SKF525A, an inhibitor and inducer of cytochrome P450, was tested on different developmental stages of Trypanosoma cruzi. Growth, motility and structure of epimastigotes, motility and infectivity of trypomastigotes, and infectivity of trypomastigotes to Vero cells in culture were abolished by the drug at 10-100 microM concentrations. When blood from infected mice was treated with the drug, and used to infect 8 day-old mice, no parasites were observed at 0.6-1 mM, and all animals survived. Blood cell morphology was well preserved, and the sleeping time of pentobarbital-treated mice inoculated with the same amount of drug was not increased. The present results suggest that SKF525A or other related inhibitors of cytochrome P450 coned be tested as an additive for blood sterilization in blood banks.

To evaluate in a systematic manner, the fat, protein, caloric, and fatty acids contents of 35 species of fish, seafood and mollusks, usually consumed in Andalucía (Spain).35 different species, representative of those usually consumed in Andalucía in the course of the four seasons of the year, are studied. In all units of the study, in a portion of the muscle tissue, measurements were taken to evaluate the total fat (extraction by the Folch method and by gravimetry), protein concentration (Kjehldal method), total calories (gas chromatography).A table shows the concentration of fat, protein and different fatty acids found in the studied species. There is a great interspecies variability in the fat concentration and in that of the different fatty acids. In the same way there is a great interspecies seasonal variety for some of those studied. Independently of the season studied, the relative proportion of fatty acids was not independent of the total concentration of fat.From the nutritional, culinary and gastronomic point of view, in the Mediterranean area it is common to classify the fish as "white" (low fat) and "blue" (fat). However, the systematic study of a large number of species shows that the categorization of "white" or "blue" depends on the time of year in which they are captured. For example, in spring the horse-mackerel (Scomber scombrurus), a fish traditionally considered "blue" (fat), has the same fat concentration as the sole (Soles vulgaris), generally considered "white" (low fat). And the hake (Merluccius merluccius), in autumn, has a fat concentration which is greater than that of the carangoid sea-fish (Trachurus trachurus). Even greater differences can be seen if we classify the fish according to their richness in n-3 fatty acids. These differences in the total fat concentration and in the composition of fatty acids, as well as the inter-relations between both, may be important in determining the circumstances for the caloric and nutritional calculation of a diet, and may explain the differences found between the different tables of food composition, as well as the divergent results found in the epidemiological studies on the association between the fish of the diet and the different diseases such as diabetes or ischemic heart disease.

The efficient management of the information regarding customers, consumers or other users, in massive markets, is a necessary condition for the implementation of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) processes or relational marketing. A new approach of information technologies to consumer data should generate an analysis of customers' behaviour, by synthesising key abstract information that will facilitate and improve the customisation of services and will lead to a gain in sales. Recommender Systems and Multiagent

El nostre desig a l'hora d'aportar uns suggeriments pràctics per a l'organització i la posta en marxa dels racons didàctics -com a proposta per a grups-classe de Parvulari i Cicle Inicial- és presentar una línia de treball útil per tal d'ajudar els infants a adquirir entre d'altres recursos, unes determinades pautes i hàbits de comportament i treball. No es tracta de voler oferir fórmules màgiques o esquemes inamovibles, sinó que el nostre objectiu s'ha centrat a fer un recull -a partir d'experiències actuals i efectives- que de forma indicativa pogués servir, parcialment o total, a d'altres educadors. Hem intentat d'il·lustrar els diferents racons de treball amb un llistat d'elements, objectius i recursos que pensem que poden suggerir-ne molts d'altres, i ben segur que més reeixits. Estem convençuts que perquè qualsevol sistema, o tècnica siguin positius, només cal que un bon mestre cregui en la seva efectivitat. Consegüentment, doncs, totes les nostres aportacions han de ser considerades simplement com a suggeriments , que altres educadors possiblement podran enriquir i millorar.