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2. Two independent and primitive envelopes of the bilobate nucleus of comet 67P

Author

Massironi, Matteo, Simioni, Emanuele, Marzari, Francesco, Cremonese, Gabriele, Giacomini, Lorenza, Pajola, Maurizio, Jorda, Laurent, Naletto, Giampiero, Lowry, Stephen, El-Maarry, Mohamed Ramy, Preusker, Frank, Scholten, Frank, Sierks, Holger, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe, Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst Uwe, AʼHearn, Michael F., Agarwal, Jessica, Auger, Anne-Thérèse, Barucci, Antonella M., Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Bertini, Ivano, Besse, Sebastien, Bodewits, Dennis, Capanna, Claire, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn, Debei, Stefano, De Cecco, Mariolino, Ferri, Francesca, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Gaskell, Robert, Groussin, Olivier, Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, Carsten, Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, Wing-Huen, Knollenberg, Jörg, Kovacs, Gabor, Kramm, Rainer, Kührt, Ekkehard, Küppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lara, Luisa M., Lazzarin, Monica, Lin, Zhong-Yi, Lopez Moreno, Josè J., Magrin, Sara, Michalik, Harald, Mottola, Stefano, Oklay, Nilda, Pommerol, Antoine, Thomas, Nicolas, Tubiana, Cecilia, and Vincent, Jean-Baptiste

Published
2015
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3. Large heterogeneities in comet 67P as revealed by active pits from sinkhole collapse

Author

Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Bodewits, Dennis, Besse, Sébastien, Sierks, Holger, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe, Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst Uwe, Agarwal, Jessica, AʼHearn, Michael F., Auger, Anne-Thérèse, Barucci, M. Antonella, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Bertini, Ivano, Capanna, Claire, Cremonese, Gabriele, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn, Debei, Stefano, De Cecco, Mariolino, El-Maarry, Mohamed Ramy, Ferri, Francesca, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Gaskell, Robert, Giacomini, Lorenza, Groussin, Olivier, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, Gutierrez-Marques, P., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, Carsten, Hoekzema, Nick, Höfner, Sebastian, Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, Wing-Huen, Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Jörg, Kovacs, Gabor, Kramm, Rainer, Kührt, Ekkehard, Küppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lara, Luisa M., Lazzarin, Monica, Lee, Vicky, Leyrat, Cédric, Lin, Zhong-Yi, Lopez Moreno, Josè J., Lowry, Stephen, Magrin, Sara, Maquet, Lucie, Marchi, Simone, Marzari, Francesco, Massironi, Matteo, Michalik, Harald, Moissl, Richard, Mottola, Stefano, Naletto, Giampiero, Oklay, Nilda, Pajola, Maurizio, Preusker, Frank, Scholten, Frank, Thomas, Nicolas, Toth, Imre, and Tubiana, Cecilia

Published
2015
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4. A large dust/ice ratio in the nucleus of comet 9P/Tempel 1

Author

Kuppers, Michael, Bertini, Ivano, Fornasier, Sonia, Gutierrez, Pedro J., Hviid, Stubbe F., Jorda, Laurent, Keller, Horst Uwe, Knollenberg, Jorg, Koschny, Detlef, Kramm, Rainer, Lara, Luisa-Maria, Sierks, Holger, Thomas, Nicolas, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe, Rickman, Hans, and Rodrigo, Rafael

Abstract

Author(s): Michael Küppers (corresponding author) [1]; Ivano Bertini [2]; Sonia Fornasier [2]; Pedro J. Gutierrez [3]; Stubbe F. Hviid [1]; Laurent Jorda [4]; Horst Uwe Keller [1]; Jörg Knollenberg [5]; [...]

Published
2005
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5. Indication of drier periods on Mars from the chemistry and mineralogy of atmospheric dust

Author

Goetz, Walter, Bertelsen, Preben, Binau, Charlotte S., Gunnlaugsson, Haraldur P., Hviid, Stubbe F., Kinch, Kjartan M., Madsen, Daniel E., Madsen, Morten B., Olsen, Malte, Gellert, Ralf, Klingelhofer, Gostar, Ming, Douglas W., Morris, Richard V., Rieder, Rudolf, Rodionov, Daniel S., de Souza, Jr, Paulo A., Schroder, Christian, Squyres, Steve W., Wdowiak, Tom, and Yen, Albert

Abstract

Author(s): Walter Goetz (corresponding author) [1]; Preben Bertelsen [2]; Charlotte S. Binau [2]; Haraldur P. Gunnlaugsson [3]; Stubbe F. Hviid [1]; Kjartan M. Kinch [3]; Daniel E. Madsen [2]; Morten [...]

Published
2005
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6. The southern hemisphere of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko : Analysis of the preperihelion size-frequency distribution of boulders >= 7m

Author

Pajola, Maurizio, Lucchetti, Alice, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Oklay, Nilda, El-Maarry, Mohamed R., Bertini, Ivano, Naletto, Giampiero, Lazzarin, Monica, Massironi, Matteo, Sierks, Holger, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe, Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst U., Agarwal, Jessica, A'Hearn, Michael F., Barucci, Maria A., Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Boudreault, Steve, Cremonese, Gabriele, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Bjorn, Debei, Stefano, De Cecco, Mariolino, Deller, Jakob, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Gicquel, Adeline, Groussin, Olivier, Gutierrez, Pedro J., Guetler, Carsten, Hofmann, Marc, Hoefner, Sebastian, Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, Wing-Huen, Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Joerg, Kramm, J. -Rainer, Kuehrt, Ekkehard, Kuppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lara, Luisa M., Lee, Jui-Chi, Lin, Zhong-Yi, Lopez Moreno, Jose J., Marzari, Francesco, Michalik, Harald, Mottola, Stefano, Preusker, Frank, Scholten, Frank, Thomas, Nicholas, Toth, Imre, Tubiana, Cecilia, Pajola, Maurizio, Lucchetti, Alice, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Oklay, Nilda, El-Maarry, Mohamed R., Bertini, Ivano, Naletto, Giampiero, Lazzarin, Monica, Massironi, Matteo, Sierks, Holger, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe, Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst U., Agarwal, Jessica, A'Hearn, Michael F., Barucci, Maria A., Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Boudreault, Steve, Cremonese, Gabriele, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Bjorn, Debei, Stefano, De Cecco, Mariolino, Deller, Jakob, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Gicquel, Adeline, Groussin, Olivier, Gutierrez, Pedro J., Guetler, Carsten, Hofmann, Marc, Hoefner, Sebastian, Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, Wing-Huen, Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Joerg, Kramm, J. -Rainer, Kuehrt, Ekkehard, Kuppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lara, Luisa M., Lee, Jui-Chi, Lin, Zhong-Yi, Lopez Moreno, Jose J., Marzari, Francesco, Michalik, Harald, Mottola, Stefano, Preusker, Frank, Scholten, Frank, Thomas, Nicholas, Toth, Imre, and Tubiana, Cecilia

Abstract

Aims. We calculate the size-frequency distribution of the boulders on the southern hemisphere of comet 67P Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P), which was in shadow before the end of April 2015. We compare the new results with those derived from the northern hemisphere and equatorial regions of 67P, highlighting the possible physical processes that lead to these boulder size distributions. Methods. We used images acquired by the OSIRIS Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) on 2 May 2015 at a distance of 125 km from the nucleus. The scale of this dataset is 2.3 m/px; the high resolution of the images, coupled with the favorable observation phase angle of 62 degrees, provided the possibility to unambiguously identify boulders >= 7 m on the surface of 67P and to manually extract them with the software ArcGIS. We derived the size-frequency distribution of the illuminated southern hemisphere. Results. We found a power-law index of -3.6 +/- 0.2 for the boulders on the southern hemisphere with a diameter range of 7-35 m. The power-law index is equal to the one previously found on northern and equatorial regions of 67P, suggesting that similar boulder formation processes occur in both hemispheres. The power-law index is related to gravitational events triggered by sublimation and/or thermal fracturing causing regressive erosion. In addition, the presence of a larger number of boulders per km(2) in the southern hemisphere, which is a factor of 3 higher with respect to the northern hemisphere, suggests that the southernmost terrains of 67P are affected by a stronger thermal fracturing and sublimating activity, hence possibly causing larger regressive erosion and gravitational events.

Published
2016
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7. Aswan site on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko : Morphology, boulder evolution, and spectrophotometry

Author

Pajola, Maurizio, Oklay, Nilda, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Giacomini, Lorenza, Massironi, Matteo, Bertini, Ivano, El-Maarry, M. R., Marzari, Francesco, Preusker, Frank, Scholten, Frank, Hoefner, Sebastian, Lee, Jui-Chi, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Groussin, Olivier, Naletto, Giampiero, Lazzarin, Monica, Barbieri, Cesare, Sierks, Holger, Lamy, Philippe, Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst U., Agarwal, Jessica, A'Hearn, Michael F., Barucci, Maria A., Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Cremonese, Gabriele, Da Deppoll, Vania, Davidsson, Bjoern, De Cecco, Mariolino, Debei, Stefano, Ferri, Francesca, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Guettler, Carsten, Gutierrez, Pedro J., Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, Wing-Huen, Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Joerg, Kramm, J. -Rainer, Kueppers, Michael, Kuert, Ekkehard, Lara, Luisa M., Lin, Zhong-Yi, Moreno, Jose J. Lopez, Magrin, Sara, Michalik, Harald, Mottola, Stefano, Thomas, Nicholas, Tubiana, Cecilia, Pajola, Maurizio, Oklay, Nilda, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Giacomini, Lorenza, Massironi, Matteo, Bertini, Ivano, El-Maarry, M. R., Marzari, Francesco, Preusker, Frank, Scholten, Frank, Hoefner, Sebastian, Lee, Jui-Chi, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Groussin, Olivier, Naletto, Giampiero, Lazzarin, Monica, Barbieri, Cesare, Sierks, Holger, Lamy, Philippe, Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst U., Agarwal, Jessica, A'Hearn, Michael F., Barucci, Maria A., Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Cremonese, Gabriele, Da Deppoll, Vania, Davidsson, Bjoern, De Cecco, Mariolino, Debei, Stefano, Ferri, Francesca, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Guettler, Carsten, Gutierrez, Pedro J., Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, Wing-Huen, Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Joerg, Kramm, J. -Rainer, Kueppers, Michael, Kuert, Ekkehard, Lara, Luisa M., Lin, Zhong-Yi, Moreno, Jose J. Lopez, Magrin, Sara, Michalik, Harald, Mottola, Stefano, Thomas, Nicholas, and Tubiana, Cecilia

Abstract

Aims. We provide a detailed morphological analysis of the Aswan site on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P). We derive the size-frequency distribution of boulders >= 2 m and correlate this distribution with the gravitational slopes for the first time on a comet. We perform the spectral analysis of this region to understand if possible surface variegation is related to the different surface textures observable on the different units. Methods. We used two OSIRIS Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) image data sets acquired on September 19 and 22, 2014, with a scale of 0.5 m/px. Gravitational slopes derived from the 3D shape model of 67P were used to identify and interpret the different units of the site. By means of the high-resolution NAC data sets, boulders >= 2.0 m can be unambiguously identified and extracted using the software ArcGIS. Coregistered and photometrically corrected color cubes were used to perform the spectral analyses, and we retrieved the spectral properties of the Aswan units. Results. The high-resolution morphological map of the Aswan site (0.68 km(2)) shows that this site is characterized by four different units: fine-particle deposits located on layered terrains, gravitational accumulation deposits, taluses, and the outcropping layered terrain. Multiple lineaments are identified on the Aswan cliff, such as fractures, exposed layered outcrops, niches, and terraces. Close to the terrace margin, several arched features observed in plan view suggest that the margin progressively retreats as a result of erosion. The size-frequency of boulders >= 2 m in the entire study area has a power-law index of -3.9 +0.2/-0.3 (1499 boulders >= 2 m/km(2)), suggesting that the Aswan site is mainly dominated by gravitational events triggered by sublimation and/or thermal insolation weathering causing regressive erosion. The boulder size-frequency distribution versus gravitational slopes indicates that when higher gravitational slope terrains are considered, only

Published
2016
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8. Gas outflow and dust transport of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author

Lai, Ian-Lin, Ip, Wing-Huen, Su, Cheng-Chin, Wu, Jong-Shinn, Lee, Jui-Chi, Lin, Zhong-Yi, Liao, Ying, Thomas, Nicolas, Sierks, Holger, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe, Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst Uwe, Agarwal, Jessica, A'Hearn, Michael F., Barucci, Maria Antonella, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Bertini, Ivano, Boudreault, Steven, Cremonese, Gabriele, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn, Debei, Stefano, De Cecco, Mariolino, Deller, Jakob, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Groussin, Olivier, Gutierrez, Pedro J., Guttler, Carsten, Hofmann, Marc, Hviid, Stubbe F., Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, J. Org, Kovacs, Gabor, Kramm, J. -Rainer, Kuhrt, Ekkehard, Kuppers, Michael, Lara, Luisa M., Lazzarin, Monica, Moreno, Jose J. Lopez, Marzari, Francesco, Naletto, Giampiero, Oklay, Nilda, Shi, Xian, Tubiana, Cecilia, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Lai, Ian-Lin, Ip, Wing-Huen, Su, Cheng-Chin, Wu, Jong-Shinn, Lee, Jui-Chi, Lin, Zhong-Yi, Liao, Ying, Thomas, Nicolas, Sierks, Holger, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe, Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst Uwe, Agarwal, Jessica, A'Hearn, Michael F., Barucci, Maria Antonella, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Bertini, Ivano, Boudreault, Steven, Cremonese, Gabriele, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn, Debei, Stefano, De Cecco, Mariolino, Deller, Jakob, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Groussin, Olivier, Gutierrez, Pedro J., Guttler, Carsten, Hofmann, Marc, Hviid, Stubbe F., Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, J. Org, Kovacs, Gabor, Kramm, J. -Rainer, Kuhrt, Ekkehard, Kuppers, Michael, Lara, Luisa M., Lazzarin, Monica, Moreno, Jose J. Lopez, Marzari, Francesco, Naletto, Giampiero, Oklay, Nilda, Shi, Xian, Tubiana, Cecilia, and Vincent, Jean-Baptiste

Abstract

Because of the diurnal thermal cycle and the irregular shape of the nucleus, gas outflow of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko could be highly anisotropic as indicated by the colliminated dust jet structures on the sunlit side. Based on the OSIRIS imaging observations of the outgassing effect, a simple model of surface sublimation can be constructed by taking into account the dependence on the solar insolation. With preliminary information on the time variability of the global gas production rate, a sequence of gas coma models can be generated at different epochs before and after perihelion. We also investigate different patterns of dust particle dynamics under the influences of nuclear rotation and gas drag. From these considerations, a consistent picture of the spatial distribution of dusty materials across the surface of comet 67P as it moves around the perihelion can be developed. It is found that because of the redeposition of the ejected dust from the Southern hemisphere to the Northern hemisphere during the southern summer season the Hapi region could gain up to 0.4 m while the Wosret region would lose up to 1.8 m of dust mantle per orbit.

Published
2016
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9. Geomorphological mapping of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's Southern hemisphere

Author

Lee, Jui-Chi, Massironi, Matteo, Ip, Wing-Huen, Giacomini, Lorenza, Ferrari, Sabrina, Penasa, Luca, El-Maarry, Mohamed Ramy, Pajola, Maurizio, Lai, Ian-Lin, Lin, Zhong-Yi, Ferri, Francesca, Sierks, Holger, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe, Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst Uwe, Agarwal, Jessica, A'Hearn, Michael F., Barucci, Maria Antonella, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Bertini, Ivano, Cremonese, Gabriele, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn, Debei, Stefano, De Cecco, Mariolino, Deller, Jakob, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Groussin, Olivier, Gutierrez, Pedro J., Guettler, Carsten, Hofmann, Marc, Hviid, Stubbe F., Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Joerg, Kovacs, Gabor, Kramm, J. -Rainer, Kuehrt, Ekkehard, Kuppers, Michael, Lara, Luisa M., Lazzarin, Monica, Marzari, Francesco, Lopez Moreno, Jose J., Naletto, Giampiero, Oklay, Nilda, Shi, Xian, Thomas, Nicolas, Tubiana, Cecilia, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Lee, Jui-Chi, Massironi, Matteo, Ip, Wing-Huen, Giacomini, Lorenza, Ferrari, Sabrina, Penasa, Luca, El-Maarry, Mohamed Ramy, Pajola, Maurizio, Lai, Ian-Lin, Lin, Zhong-Yi, Ferri, Francesca, Sierks, Holger, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe, Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst Uwe, Agarwal, Jessica, A'Hearn, Michael F., Barucci, Maria Antonella, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Bertini, Ivano, Cremonese, Gabriele, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn, Debei, Stefano, De Cecco, Mariolino, Deller, Jakob, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Groussin, Olivier, Gutierrez, Pedro J., Guettler, Carsten, Hofmann, Marc, Hviid, Stubbe F., Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Joerg, Kovacs, Gabor, Kramm, J. -Rainer, Kuehrt, Ekkehard, Kuppers, Michael, Lara, Luisa M., Lazzarin, Monica, Marzari, Francesco, Lopez Moreno, Jose J., Naletto, Giampiero, Oklay, Nilda, Shi, Xian, Thomas, Nicolas, Tubiana, Cecilia, and Vincent, Jean-Baptiste

Abstract

In 2015 May, the Southern hemisphere of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko became visible by the OSIRIS cameras on-board the Rosetta spacecraft. The resolution was high enough to carry out a detailed analysis of the surface morphology, which is quite different from the Northern hemisphere. Previous works show that fine particle deposits are the most extensive geological unit in the Northern hemisphere. In contrast, the Southern hemisphere is dominated by outcropping consolidated terrain. In this work, we provide geomorphological maps of the Southern hemisphere with the distinction of both geological units and linear features. The geomorphological maps described in this study allow us to gain a better understanding of the processes shaping the comet nucleus and the distribution of primary structures such as fractures and strata.

Published
2016
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10. Gas outflow and dust transport of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

Author

Lai, Ian-Lin, primary, Ip, Wing-Huen, additional, Su, Cheng-Chin, additional, Wu, Jong-Shinn, additional, Lee, Jui-Chi, additional, Lin, Zhong-Yi, additional, Liao, Ying, additional, Thomas, Nicolas, additional, Sierks, Holger, additional, Barbieri, Cesare, additional, Lamy, Philippe, additional, Rodrigo, Rafael, additional, Koschny, Detlef, additional, Rickman, Hans, additional, Keller, Horst Uwe, additional, Agarwal, Jessica, additional, A’Hearn, Michael F., additional, Barucci, Maria Antonella, additional, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, additional, Bertini, Ivano, additional, Boudreault, Steven, additional, Cremonese, Gabriele, additional, Da Deppo, Vania, additional, Davidsson, Björn, additional, Debei, Stefano, additional, De Cecco, Mariolino, additional, Deller, Jakob, additional, Fornasier, Sonia, additional, Fulle, Marco, additional, Groussin, Olivier, additional, Gutiérrez, Pedro J., additional, Güttler, Carsten, additional, Hofmann, Marc, additional, Hviid, Stubbe F., additional, Jorda, Laurent, additional, Knollenberg, Jörg, additional, Kovacs, Gabor, additional, Kramm, J.-Rainer, additional, Kührt, Ekkehard, additional, Küppers, Michael, additional, Lara, Luisa M., additional, Lazzarin, Monica, additional, Lopez Moreno, Josè J., additional, Marzari, Francesco, additional, Naletto, Giampiero, additional, Oklay, Nilda, additional, Shi, Xian, additional, Tubiana, Cecilia, additional, and Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, additional

Published
2016
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11. Geomorphological mapping of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko’s Southern hemisphere

Author

Lee, Jui-Chi, primary, Massironi, Matteo, additional, Ip, Wing-Huen, additional, Giacomini, Lorenza, additional, Ferrari, Sabrina, additional, Penasa, Luca, additional, El-Maarry, Mohamed Ramy, additional, Pajola, Maurizio, additional, Lai, Ian-Lin, additional, Lin, Zhong-Yi, additional, Ferri, Francesca, additional, Sierks, Holger, additional, Barbieri, Cesare, additional, Lamy, Philippe, additional, Rodrigo, Rafael, additional, Koschny, Detlef, additional, Rickman, Hans, additional, Keller, Horst Uwe, additional, Agarwal, Jessica, additional, A’Hearn, Michael F., additional, Barucci, Maria Antonella, additional, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, additional, Bertini, Ivano, additional, Cremonese, Gabriele, additional, Da Deppo, Vania, additional, Davidsson, Björn, additional, Debei, Stefano, additional, De Cecco, Mariolino, additional, Deller, Jakob, additional, Fornasier, Sonia, additional, Fulle, Marco, additional, Groussin, Olivier, additional, Gutiérrez, Pedro J., additional, Güttler, Carsten, additional, Hofmann, Marc, additional, Hviid, Stubbe F., additional, Jorda, Laurent, additional, Knollenberg, Jörg, additional, Kovacs, Gabor, additional, Kramm, J.-Rainer, additional, Kührt, Ekkehard, additional, Küppers, Michael, additional, Lara, Luisa M., additional, Lazzarin, Monica, additional, Marzari, Francesco, additional, Lopez Moreno, Josè J., additional, Naletto, Giampiero, additional, Oklay, Nilda, additional, Shi, Xian, additional, Thomas, Nicolas, additional, Tubiana, Cecilia, additional, and Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, additional

Published
2016
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12. Aswan site on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: Morphology, boulder evolution, and spectrophotometry

Author

Pajola, Maurizio, primary, Oklay, Nilda, additional, La Forgia, Fiorangela, additional, Giacomini, Lorenza, additional, Massironi, Matteo, additional, Bertini, Ivano, additional, El-Maarry, M. R., additional, Marzari, Francesco, additional, Preusker, Frank, additional, Scholten, Frank, additional, Höfner, Sebastian, additional, Lee, Jui-Chi, additional, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Groussin, Olivier, additional, Naletto, Giampiero, additional, Lazzarin, Monica, additional, Barbieri, Cesare, additional, Sierks, Holger, additional, Lamy, Philippe, additional, Rodrigo, Rafael, additional, Koschny, Detlef, additional, Rickman, Hans, additional, Keller, Horst U., additional, Agarwal, Jessica, additional, A’Hearn, Michael F., additional, Barucci, Maria A., additional, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, additional, Cremonese, Gabriele, additional, Deppo, Vania Da, additional, Davidsson, Björn, additional, De Cecco, Mariolino, additional, Debei, Stefano, additional, Ferri, Francesca, additional, Fornasier, Sonia, additional, Fulle, Marco, additional, Güttler, Carsten, additional, Gutierrez, Pedro J., additional, Hviid, Stubbe F., additional, Ip, Wing-Huen, additional, Jorda, Laurent, additional, Knollenberg, Jörg, additional, Kramm, J.-Rainer, additional, Küppers, Michael, additional, Kürt, Ekkehard, additional, Lara, Luisa M., additional, Lin, Zhong-Yi, additional, Lopez Moreno, Jose J., additional, Magrin, Sara, additional, Michalik, Harald, additional, Mottola, Stefano, additional, Thomas, Nicholas, additional, and Tubiana, Cecilia, additional

Published
2016
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13. The southern hemisphere of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: Analysis of the preperihelion size-frequency distribution of boulders ≥7 m

Author

Pajola, Maurizio, primary, Lucchetti, Alice, additional, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Oklay, Nilda, additional, El-Maarry, Mohamed R., additional, Bertini, Ivano, additional, Naletto, Giampiero, additional, Lazzarin, Monica, additional, Massironi, Matteo, additional, Sierks, Holger, additional, Barbieri, Cesare, additional, Lamy, Philippe, additional, Rodrigo, Rafael, additional, Koschny, Detlef, additional, Rickman, Hans, additional, Keller, Horst U., additional, Agarwal, Jessica, additional, A’Hearn, Michael F., additional, Barucci, Maria A., additional, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, additional, Boudreault, Steve, additional, Cremonese, Gabriele, additional, Deppo, Vania Da, additional, Davidsson, Björn, additional, Debei, Stefano, additional, De Cecco, Mariolino, additional, Deller, Jakob, additional, Fornasier, Sonia, additional, Fulle, Marco, additional, Gicquel, Adeline, additional, Groussin, Olivier, additional, Gutierrez, Pedro J., additional, Güttler, Carsten, additional, Hofmann, Marc, additional, Höfner, Sebastian, additional, Hviid, Stubbe F., additional, Ip, Wing-Huen, additional, Jorda, Laurent, additional, Knollenberg, Jörg, additional, Kramm, J.-Rainer, additional, Kührt, Ekkehard, additional, Küppers, Michael, additional, La Forgia, Fiorangela, additional, Lara, Luisa M., additional, Lee, Jui-Chi, additional, Lin, Zhong-Yi, additional, Lopez Moreno, Jose J., additional, Marzari, Francesco, additional, Michalik, Harald, additional, Mottola, Stefano, additional, Preusker, Frank, additional, Scholten, Frank, additional, Thomas, Nicholas, additional, Toth, Imre, additional, and Tubiana, Cecilia, additional

Published
2016
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14. Compositional Variations of Rocknest Sand, Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Goetz, Walter, Madsen, Morten B., Edgett, Kenneth S., Clark, Benton C., Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Blaney, Diana L., Bridges, Nathan, Fisk, Martin, Hviid, Stubbe F., Kocurek, Gary, Lasue, Jeremie, Maurice, Sylvestre, Newsom, Horton, Renno, Nilton, Rubin, David M., Sullivan, Robert, Wiens, Roger C., and Martin-Torres, Javier

Subjects
Rymd- och flygteknik, Aerospace Engineering
Abstract

Upprättat; 2013; 20150701 (ninhul)

Published
2013

15. Dust measurements in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko inbound to the Sun

Author

Rotundi, Alessandra, Sierks, Holger, Della Corte, Vincenzo, Fulle, Marco, Gutierrez, Pedro J., Lara, Luisa, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe L., Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst Uwe, Lopez-Moreno, Jose J., Accolla, Mario, Agarwal, Jessica, A'Hearn, Michael F., Altobelli, Nicolas, Angrilli, Francesco, Barucci, M. Antonietta, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Bertini, Ivano, Bodewits, Dennis, Bussoletti, Ezio, Colangeli, Luigi, Cosi, Massimo, Cremonese, Gabriele, Crifo, Jean-Francois, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn, Debei, Stefano, De Cecco, Mariolino, Esposito, Francesca, Ferrari, Marco, Fornasier, Sonia, Giovane, Frank, Gustafson, Bo, Green, Simon F., Groussin, Olivier, Gruen, Eberhard, Guettler, Carsten, Herranz, Miguel L., Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, Wing, Ivanovski, Stavro, Jernimo, Jose M., Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Joerg, Kramm, Rainer, Kuehrt, Ekkehard, Kueppers, Michael, Lazzarin, Monica, Leese, Mark R., Lopez-Jimenez, Antonio C., Lucarelli, Francesca, Lowry, Stephen C., Marzari, Francesco, Epifani, Elena Mazzotta, McDonnell, J. Anthony M., Mennella, Vito, Michalik, Harald, Molina, Antonio, Morales, Rafael, Moreno, Fernando, Mottola, Stefano, Naletto, Giampiero, Oklay, Nilda, Ortiz, Jose L., Palomba, Ernesto, Palumbo, Pasquale, Perrin, Jean-Marie, Rodriguez, Julio, Sabau, Lola, Snodgrass, Colin, Sordini, Roberto, Thomas, Nicolas, Tubiana, Cecilia, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Weissman, Paul, Wenzel, Klaus-Peter, Zakharov, Vladimir, Zarnecki, John C., Rotundi, Alessandra, Sierks, Holger, Della Corte, Vincenzo, Fulle, Marco, Gutierrez, Pedro J., Lara, Luisa, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe L., Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst Uwe, Lopez-Moreno, Jose J., Accolla, Mario, Agarwal, Jessica, A'Hearn, Michael F., Altobelli, Nicolas, Angrilli, Francesco, Barucci, M. Antonietta, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Bertini, Ivano, Bodewits, Dennis, Bussoletti, Ezio, Colangeli, Luigi, Cosi, Massimo, Cremonese, Gabriele, Crifo, Jean-Francois, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn, Debei, Stefano, De Cecco, Mariolino, Esposito, Francesca, Ferrari, Marco, Fornasier, Sonia, Giovane, Frank, Gustafson, Bo, Green, Simon F., Groussin, Olivier, Gruen, Eberhard, Guettler, Carsten, Herranz, Miguel L., Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, Wing, Ivanovski, Stavro, Jernimo, Jose M., Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Joerg, Kramm, Rainer, Kuehrt, Ekkehard, Kueppers, Michael, Lazzarin, Monica, Leese, Mark R., Lopez-Jimenez, Antonio C., Lucarelli, Francesca, Lowry, Stephen C., Marzari, Francesco, Epifani, Elena Mazzotta, McDonnell, J. Anthony M., Mennella, Vito, Michalik, Harald, Molina, Antonio, Morales, Rafael, Moreno, Fernando, Mottola, Stefano, Naletto, Giampiero, Oklay, Nilda, Ortiz, Jose L., Palomba, Ernesto, Palumbo, Pasquale, Perrin, Jean-Marie, Rodriguez, Julio, Sabau, Lola, Snodgrass, Colin, Sordini, Roberto, Thomas, Nicolas, Tubiana, Cecilia, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Weissman, Paul, Wenzel, Klaus-Peter, Zakharov, Vladimir, and Zarnecki, John C.

Abstract

Critical measurements for understanding accretion and the dust/gas ratio in the solar nebula, where planets were forming 4.5 billion years ago, are being obtained by the GIADA (Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator) experiment on the European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft orbiting comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Between 3.6 and 3.4 astronomical units inbound, GIADA and OSIRIS (Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System) detected 35 outflowing grains of mass 10(-10) to 10(-7) kilograms, and 48 grains of mass 10(-5) to 10(-2) kilograms, respectively. Combined with gas data from the MIRO (Microwave Instrument for the Rosetta Orbiter) and ROSINA (Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis) instruments, we find a dust/gas mass ratio of 4 +/- 2 averaged over the sunlit nucleus surface. A cloud of larger grains also encircles the nucleus in bound orbits from the previous perihelion. The largest orbiting clumps are meter-sized, confirming the dust/gas ratio of 3 inferred at perihelion from models of dust comae and trails.

Published
2015
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16. On the nucleus structure and activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author

Sierks, Holger, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe L., Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst Uwe, Agarwal, Jessica, A'Hearn, Michael F., Angrilli, Francesco, Auger, Anne-Therese, Barucci, M. Antonella, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Bertini, Ivano, Besse, Sebastien, Bodewits, Dennis, Capanna, Claire, Cremonese, Gabriele, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Bjoern, Debei, Stefano, De Cecco, Mariolino, Ferri, Francesca, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Gaskell, Robert, Giacomini, Lorenza, Groussin, Olivier, Gutierrez-Marques, Pablo, Gutiuerrez, Pedro J., Guettler, Carsten, Hoekzema, Nick, Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, Wing-Huen, Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Joerg, Kovacs, Gabor, Kramm, J. Rainer, Kuehrt, Ekkehard, Kueppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lara, Luisa M., Lazzarin, Monica, Leyrat, Cedric, Moreno, Jose J. Lopez, Magrin, Sara, Marchi, Simone, Marzari, Francesco, Massironi, Matteo, Michalik, Harald, Moissl, Richard, Mottola, Stefano, Naletto, Giampiero, Oklay, Nilda, Pajola, Maurizio, Pertile, Marco, Preusker, Frank, Sabau, Lola, Scholten, Frank, Snodgrass, Colin, Thomas, Nicolas, Tubiana, Cecilia, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Wenzel, Klaus-Peter, Zaccariotto, Mirco, Paetzold, Martin, Sierks, Holger, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe L., Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst Uwe, Agarwal, Jessica, A'Hearn, Michael F., Angrilli, Francesco, Auger, Anne-Therese, Barucci, M. Antonella, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Bertini, Ivano, Besse, Sebastien, Bodewits, Dennis, Capanna, Claire, Cremonese, Gabriele, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Bjoern, Debei, Stefano, De Cecco, Mariolino, Ferri, Francesca, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Gaskell, Robert, Giacomini, Lorenza, Groussin, Olivier, Gutierrez-Marques, Pablo, Gutiuerrez, Pedro J., Guettler, Carsten, Hoekzema, Nick, Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, Wing-Huen, Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Joerg, Kovacs, Gabor, Kramm, J. Rainer, Kuehrt, Ekkehard, Kueppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lara, Luisa M., Lazzarin, Monica, Leyrat, Cedric, Moreno, Jose J. Lopez, Magrin, Sara, Marchi, Simone, Marzari, Francesco, Massironi, Matteo, Michalik, Harald, Moissl, Richard, Mottola, Stefano, Naletto, Giampiero, Oklay, Nilda, Pajola, Maurizio, Pertile, Marco, Preusker, Frank, Sabau, Lola, Scholten, Frank, Snodgrass, Colin, Thomas, Nicolas, Tubiana, Cecilia, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Wenzel, Klaus-Peter, Zaccariotto, Mirco, and Paetzold, Martin

Abstract

Images from the OSIRIS scientific imaging system onboard Rosetta show that the nucleus of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko consists of two lobes connected by a short neck. The nucleus has a bulk density less than half that of water. Activity at a distance from the Sun of >3 astronomical units is predominantly from the neck, where jets have been seen consistently. The nucleus rotates about the principal axis of momentum. The surface morphology suggests that the removal of larger volumes of material, possibly via explosive release of subsurface pressure or via creation of overhangs by sublimation, may be a major mass loss process. The shape raises the question of whether the two lobes represent a contact binary formed 4.5 billion years ago, or a single body where a gap has evolved via mass loss.

Published
2015
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17. The morphological diversity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author

Thomas, Nicolas, Sierks, Holger, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe L., Rodrigo, Rafael, Rickman, Hans, Koschny, Detlef, Keller, Horst Uwe, Agarwal, Jessica, A'Hearn, Michael F., Angrilli, Francesco, Auger, Anne-Therese, Barucci, M. Antonella, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Bertini, Ivano, Besse, Sebastien, Bodewits, Dennis, Cremonese, Gabriele, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn, De Cecco, Mariolino, Debei, Stefano, El-Maarry, Mohamed Ramy, Ferri, Francesca, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Giacomini, Lorenza, Groussin, Olivier, Gutierrez, Pedro J., Guettler, Carsten, Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, Wing-Huen, Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Joerg, Kramm, J. -Rainer, Kuehrt, Ekkehard, Kueppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lara, Luisa M., Lazzarin, Monica, Moreno, Jose J. Lopez, Magrin, Sara, Marchi, Simone, Marzari, Francesco, Massironi, Matteo, Michalik, Harald, Moissl, Richard, Mottola, Stefano, Naletto, Giampiero, Oklay, Nilda, Pajola, Maurizio, Pommerol, Antoine, Preusker, Frank, Sabau, Lola, Scholten, Frank, Snodgrass, Colin, Tubiana, Cecilia, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Wenzel, Klaus-Peter, Thomas, Nicolas, Sierks, Holger, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe L., Rodrigo, Rafael, Rickman, Hans, Koschny, Detlef, Keller, Horst Uwe, Agarwal, Jessica, A'Hearn, Michael F., Angrilli, Francesco, Auger, Anne-Therese, Barucci, M. Antonella, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Bertini, Ivano, Besse, Sebastien, Bodewits, Dennis, Cremonese, Gabriele, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn, De Cecco, Mariolino, Debei, Stefano, El-Maarry, Mohamed Ramy, Ferri, Francesca, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Giacomini, Lorenza, Groussin, Olivier, Gutierrez, Pedro J., Guettler, Carsten, Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, Wing-Huen, Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Joerg, Kramm, J. -Rainer, Kuehrt, Ekkehard, Kueppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lara, Luisa M., Lazzarin, Monica, Moreno, Jose J. Lopez, Magrin, Sara, Marchi, Simone, Marzari, Francesco, Massironi, Matteo, Michalik, Harald, Moissl, Richard, Mottola, Stefano, Naletto, Giampiero, Oklay, Nilda, Pajola, Maurizio, Pommerol, Antoine, Preusker, Frank, Sabau, Lola, Scholten, Frank, Snodgrass, Colin, Tubiana, Cecilia, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, and Wenzel, Klaus-Peter

Abstract

Images of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko acquired by the OSIRIS (Optical, Spectroscopic and Infrared Remote Imaging System) imaging system onboard the European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft at scales of better than 0.8 meter per pixel show a wide variety of different structures and textures. The data show the importance of airfall, surface dust transport, mass wasting, and insolation weathering for cometary surface evolution, and they offer some support for subsurface fluidization models and mass loss through the ejection of large chunks of material.

Published
2015
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18. Size-frequency distribution of boulders >= 7 m on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author

Pajola, Maurizio, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Guettler, Carsten, Lee, Jui-Chi, Bertini, Ivano, Massironi, Matteo, Simioni, Emanuele, Marzari, Francesco, Giacomini, Lorenza, Lucchetti, Alice, Barbieri, Cesare, Cremonese, Gabriele, Naletto, Giampiero, Pommerol, Antoine, El-Maarry, Mohamed R., Besse, Sebastien, Kueppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lazzarin, Monica, Thomas, Nicholas, Auger, Anne-Therese, Sierks, Holger, Lamy, Philippe, Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst U., Agarwal, Jessica, A'Hearn, Michael F., Barucci, Maria A., Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn, De Cecco, Mariolino, Debei, Stefano, Ferri, Francesca, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Groussin, Olivier, Gutierrez, Pedro J., Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, Wing-Huen, Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Joerg, Kramm, J. -Rainer, Kuert, Ekkehard, Lara, Luisa M., Lin, Zhong-Yi, Lopez Moreno, Jose J., Magrin, Sara, Marchi, Simone, Michalik, Harald, Moissl, Richard, Mottola, Stefano, Oklay, Nilda, Preusker, Frank, Scholten, Frank, Tubiana, Cecilia, Pajola, Maurizio, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Guettler, Carsten, Lee, Jui-Chi, Bertini, Ivano, Massironi, Matteo, Simioni, Emanuele, Marzari, Francesco, Giacomini, Lorenza, Lucchetti, Alice, Barbieri, Cesare, Cremonese, Gabriele, Naletto, Giampiero, Pommerol, Antoine, El-Maarry, Mohamed R., Besse, Sebastien, Kueppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lazzarin, Monica, Thomas, Nicholas, Auger, Anne-Therese, Sierks, Holger, Lamy, Philippe, Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst U., Agarwal, Jessica, A'Hearn, Michael F., Barucci, Maria A., Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn, De Cecco, Mariolino, Debei, Stefano, Ferri, Francesca, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Groussin, Olivier, Gutierrez, Pedro J., Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, Wing-Huen, Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Joerg, Kramm, J. -Rainer, Kuert, Ekkehard, Lara, Luisa M., Lin, Zhong-Yi, Lopez Moreno, Jose J., Magrin, Sara, Marchi, Simone, Michalik, Harald, Moissl, Richard, Mottola, Stefano, Oklay, Nilda, Preusker, Frank, Scholten, Frank, and Tubiana, Cecilia

Abstract

Aims. We derive for the first time the size-frequency distribution of boulders on a comet, 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P), computed from the images taken by the Rosetta/OSIRIS imaging system. We highlight the possible physical processes that lead to these boulder size distributions. Methods. We used images acquired by the OSIRIS Narrow Angle Camera, NAC. on 5 and 6 August 2014. The scale of these images (2.44-2.03 m/px) is such that boulders >= 7 m can be identified and manually extracted from the datasets with the software ArcGIS. We derived both global and localized size-frequency distributions. The three-pixel sampling detection, coupled with the favorable shadowine of the surface (observation phase angle ranging from 48 to 53), enables unequivocally detecting boulders scattered all over the illuminated side of 67P. Results. We identify 3546 boulders larger than 7 m on the imaged surface (36.4 km(2)), with a global number density of nearly 100/km(2) and a cumulative size-frequency distribution represented by a power-law with index of -3.6 +0.2/-0.3. The two lobes of 67P appear to have slightly different distributions, with an index of -3.5 +0.2/-0.3 for the main lobe (body) and -4.0 +0.31-0.2 for the small lobe (head). The steeper distribution of the small lobe might be due to a more pervasive fracturing. The difference of the distribution for the connecting region (neck) is much more significant, with an index value of -2.2 +0.2/-0.2. We propose that the boulder field located in the neck area is the result of blocks falling from the contiguous Hathor cliff. The lower slope of the size-frequency distribution we see today in the neck area might be due to the concurrent processes acting on the smallest boulders, such as i) disintegration or fragmentation and vanishing through sublimation; ii) uplifting by gas drag and consequent redistribution; and iii) burial beneath a debris blanket. We also derived the cumulative size-frequency distribution per km(2) of loca

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2015
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19. Size-frequency distribution of boulders ≥7 m on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author

Pajola, Maurizio, primary, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Güttler, Carsten, additional, Lee, Jui-Chi, additional, Bertini, Ivano, additional, Massironi, Matteo, additional, Simioni, Emanuele, additional, Marzari, Francesco, additional, Giacomini, Lorenza, additional, Lucchetti, Alice, additional, Barbieri, Cesare, additional, Cremonese, Gabriele, additional, Naletto, Giampiero, additional, Pommerol, Antoine, additional, El-Maarry, Mohamed R., additional, Besse, Sébastien, additional, Küppers, Michael, additional, La Forgia, Fiorangela, additional, Lazzarin, Monica, additional, Thomas, Nicholas, additional, Auger, Anne-Thérèse, additional, Sierks, Holger, additional, Lamy, Philippe, additional, Rodrigo, Rafael, additional, Koschny, Detlef, additional, Rickman, Hans, additional, Keller, Horst U., additional, Agarwal, Jessica, additional, A’Hearn, Michael F., additional, Barucci, Maria A., additional, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, additional, Deppo, Vania Da, additional, Davidsson, Björn, additional, De Cecco, Mariolino, additional, Debei, Stefano, additional, Ferri, Francesca, additional, Fornasier, Sonia, additional, Fulle, Marco, additional, Groussin, Olivier, additional, Gutierrez, Pedro J., additional, Hviid, Stubbe F., additional, Ip, Wing-Huen, additional, Jorda, Laurent, additional, Knollenberg, Jörg, additional, Kramm, J.-Rainer, additional, Kürt, Ekkehard, additional, Lara, Luisa M., additional, Lin, Zhong-Yi, additional, Moreno, Jose J. Lopez, additional, Magrin, Sara, additional, Marchi, Simone, additional, Michalik, Harald, additional, Moissl, Richard, additional, Mottola, Stefano, additional, Oklay, Nilda, additional, Preusker, Frank, additional, Scholten, Frank, additional, and Tubiana, Cecilia, additional

Published
2015
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20. The Light Curve Of The Dust Cloud Ejected By The Collision Between The Deep Impact Projectile And The Nucleus Of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

Author

Küppers, Michael, Rengel, Miriam, Keller, H.U., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., and Hviid, Stubbe F.

Subjects
Projectile impact, Light curve, Astrophysics, Velocity distribution, Comet 9P/Tempel 1, Dust cloud, Rosetta spacecraft, Physics::Space Physics, Narrow Angle Camera (NAC), Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, OSIRIS, Deep Impact spacecraft, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Contribution presented at the 39th Annual Meeting of the Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Association (DPS 2007), October 7-12, 2007 Orlando, Florida., When Deep Impact fired its projectile into the nucleus of comet 9P/Tempel 1, a cloud made of dust and icy grains was ejected from the impact crater. The dust was subsequently accelerated by gas drag. About a week after the impact event, the dust cloud has dispersed due to its expansion and the force exerted by solar radiation pressure. The light curve of the dust cloud contains information about its formation and evolution: the time scale of the production of impact created material can be derived from the time scale of the brightness increase. The velocity distribution of the cloud is indicative of acceleration processes in the inner coma of the comet. Finally, the abundance of large dust particles created by the impact can be estimated from the brightness of the cloud several days after the impact when small particles have been pushed away by radiation pressure., Here we analyze data obtained by the Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) of OSIRIS onboard the ESA spacecraft Rosetta to derive the velocity distribution of the dust cloud from an inversion of its light curve. OSIRIS observed comet Tempel 1 near-continuously for more than two weeks around the impact. A model of the expansion of the ejecta is compared to the light curve seen by the NAC. We derive a broad velocity distribution of the dust particles, which peaks at around 225 m/s, in good agreement with published estimates. The velocity suggest that the impact ejecta were quickly accelerated by gas in the cometary coma. We will discuss implications of our results for the evolution of the dust cloud during the first hours after the impact and provide estimates of the released dust mass., We acknowledge the funding of the agencies ASI, CNES, DLR, the Spanish Space Program (Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia), SNSB and ESA.

Published
2007

21. Observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 around the Deep Impact event by the OSIRIS cameras onboard Rosetta

Author

HORST UWE KELLER, Michael, Kppers, Sonia, Fornasier, Gutierrez, PEDRO J., Hviid, STUBBE F., Laurent, Jorda, Jrg, Knollenberg, Lowry, STEPHEN C., Miriam, Rengel, Bertini, Ivano, Gabriele, Cremonese, WING H., Ip, Detlef, Koschny, Rainer, Kramm, Ekkehard, Khrt, Luisa, Maria, Lara, Holger, Sierks, Nicolas, Thomas, Barbieri, Cesare, Philippe, Lamy, Hans, Rickman, Rafael, Rodrigo, Ahearn, MICHAEL F., Francesco, Angrilli, MARIA ANTONELLA BARUCCI, Jean, Loup, Bertaux, VANIA DA DEPPO, Davidsson, BJRN J. R., MARIOLINO DE CECCO, Debei, Stefano, Marco, Fulle, Fritz, Gliem, Olivier, Groussin, LOPEZ MORENO, JOS J., Marzari, Francesco, Naletto, Giampiero, Lola, Sabau, ANGEL SANZ ANDRS, KLAUS PETER WENZEL, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] (ARC), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institute of Space Science [Taiwan], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Department of Astronomy and Space Physics [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica [Padova], Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Information Engineering [Padova] (DEI), Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Institut für Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze, Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Instituto de Microgravedad 'Ignacio Da Riva', and Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)

Subjects
Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, TELESCOPE, Comet, Narrow angle, coma, impact processes, surfaces, Osiris, 01 natural sciences, Aeronáutica, Comet Tempel-1, Comets, Impact processes, 0103 physical sciences, comets, RATES, Comets, coma, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, COMET-9P/TEMPEL-1, biology, Spacecraft, business.industry, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, biology.organism_classification, Light curve, Astronomía, DUST ENVIRONMENT, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, dust, ATMOSPHERES, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

17 pp.-- Final full-text version of the paper available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.023., The OSIRIS cameras on the Rosetta spacecraft observed Comet 9P/Tempel 1 from 5 days before to 10 days after it was hit by the Deep Impact projectile. The Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) monitored the cometary dust in 5 different filters. The Wide Angle Camera (WAC) observed through filters sensitive to emissions from OH, CN, Na, and OI together with the associated continuum. Before and after the impact the comet showed regular variations in intensity. The period of the brightness changes is consistent with the rotation period of Tempel 1. The overall brightness of Tempel 1 decreased by about 10% during the OSIRIS observations. The analysis of the impact ejecta shows that no new permanent coma structures were created by the impact. Most of the material moved with ~ 200 m/s. Much of it left the comet in the form of icy grains which sublimated and fragmented within the first hour after the impact. The light curve of the comet after the impact and the amount of material leaving the comet (4.5 - 9 x 10e6 of water ice and a presumably larger amount of dust) suggest that the impact ejecta were quickly accelerated by collisions with gas molecules. Therefore, the motion of the bulk of the ejecta cannot be described by ballistic trajectories, and the validity of determinations of the density and tensile strength of the nucleus of Tempel 1 with models using ballistic ejection of particles is uncertain., The OSIRIS imaging system on board Rosetta is managed by the Max-Planck-Institute for Solar System Research in Katlenburg-Lindau (Germany), thanks to an International collaboration between Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. We acknowledge the funding of the national space agencies ASI, CNES, DLR, the Spanish Space Program (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia), SNSB and ESA. IRAF is distributed by the National Optical Astronomy Observatories, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge JPL's Horizons online ephemeris generator for providing the comet's position and rate of motion during the observations. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System.

Published
2007
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22. E-Type Asteroid (2867) Steins as Imaged by OSIRIS on Board Rosetta

Author

Keller, H.U., Barbieri, Cesare, Koschny, Detlef, Lamy, Philoppe, Rickman, Hans, Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Sierks, Holger, A’Hearn, Michael F., Angrilli, Francesco, Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Cremonese, G., Deppo, Vania da, Davidsson, B., Cecco, Mariolino de, Debei, Stefano, Fornasier, S., Fulle, Marco, Groussin, Olivier, Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, W., Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Jörg, Kramm, Rainer, Kührt, E., Küppers, Michael, Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, Mónica, López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, Francesco, Michalik, Harald, Naletto, Giampiero, Sabau-Graziati, Lola, Thomas, Nicolas, Wenzel, Klaus-Peter, Bertini, Ivano, Besse, S., Ferri, Francesca, Kaasalainen, Mikko, Lowry, Stephen C., Marchi, Simone, Mottola, Stefano, Sabolo, Walter, Schröder, Stefan E., Spjuth, S., Vernazza, Pierre, Keller, H.U., Barbieri, Cesare, Koschny, Detlef, Lamy, Philoppe, Rickman, Hans, Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Sierks, Holger, A’Hearn, Michael F., Angrilli, Francesco, Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Cremonese, G., Deppo, Vania da, Davidsson, B., Cecco, Mariolino de, Debei, Stefano, Fornasier, S., Fulle, Marco, Groussin, Olivier, Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, W., Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Jörg, Kramm, Rainer, Kührt, E., Küppers, Michael, Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, Mónica, López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, Francesco, Michalik, Harald, Naletto, Giampiero, Sabau-Graziati, Lola, Thomas, Nicolas, Wenzel, Klaus-Peter, Bertini, Ivano, Besse, S., Ferri, Francesca, Kaasalainen, Mikko, Lowry, Stephen C., Marchi, Simone, Mottola, Stefano, Sabolo, Walter, Schröder, Stefan E., Spjuth, S., and Vernazza, Pierre

Abstract

The European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission encountered the main-belt asteroid (2867) Steins while on its way to rendezvous with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Images taken with the OSIRIS (optical, spectroscopic, and infrared remote imaging system) cameras on board Rosetta show that Steins is an oblate body with an effective spherical diameter of 5.3 kilometers. Its surface does not show color variations. The morphology of Steins is dominated by linear faults and a large 2.1-kilometer-diameter crater near its south pole. Crater counts reveal a distinct lack of small craters. Steins is not solid rock but a rubble pile and has a conical appearance that is probably the result of reshaping due to Yarkovsky-O’Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) spin-up. The OSIRIS images constitute direct evidence for the YORP effect on a main-belt asteroid.

Published
2010

23. Observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 around the Deep Impact event by the OSIRIS cameras onboard Rosetta

Author

Keller, Horst Uwe, Küppers, Michael, Fornasier, Sonia, Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hviid, Stubbe F., Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Jörg, Lowry, Stephen C., Rengel, Miriam, Bertini, Ivano, Cremonese, G.=abriele, Ip, Wing-H., Koschny, Detlef, Kramm, Rainer, Kührt, Ekkehard, Lara, Luisa-Maria, Sierks, Holger, Thomas, Nicolas, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe, Rickman, Hans, Rodrigo, Rafael, A'Hearn, Michael F., Angrilli, Francesco, Barucci, Maria-Antonella, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn J.R., De Cecco, Mariolino, Debei, Stefano, Fulle, Marco, Gliem, Fritz, Groussin, Olivier, Lopez Moreno, José J., Marzari, Francesco, Naletto, Giampiero, Sabau, Lola, Sanz Andrés, Angel, Wenzel, Klaus-Peter, Keller, Horst Uwe, Küppers, Michael, Fornasier, Sonia, Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hviid, Stubbe F., Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Jörg, Lowry, Stephen C., Rengel, Miriam, Bertini, Ivano, Cremonese, G.=abriele, Ip, Wing-H., Koschny, Detlef, Kramm, Rainer, Kührt, Ekkehard, Lara, Luisa-Maria, Sierks, Holger, Thomas, Nicolas, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe, Rickman, Hans, Rodrigo, Rafael, A'Hearn, Michael F., Angrilli, Francesco, Barucci, Maria-Antonella, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn J.R., De Cecco, Mariolino, Debei, Stefano, Fulle, Marco, Gliem, Fritz, Groussin, Olivier, Lopez Moreno, José J., Marzari, Francesco, Naletto, Giampiero, Sabau, Lola, Sanz Andrés, Angel, and Wenzel, Klaus-Peter

Abstract

The OSIRIS cameras on the Rosetta spacecraft observed Comet 9P/Tempel 1 from 5 days before to 10 days after it was hit by the Deep Impact projectile. The Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) monitored the cometary dust in 5 different filters. The Wide Angle Camera (WAC) observed through filters sensitive to emissions from OH, CN, Na, and OI together with the associated continuum. Before and after the impact the comet showed regular variations in intensity. The period of the brightness changes is consistent with the rotation period of Tempel 1. The overall brightness of Tempel 1 decreased by about 10% during the OSIRIS observations. The analysis of the impact ejecta shows that no new permanent coma structures were created by the impact. Most of the material moved with ~200 m s-1. Much of it left the comet in the form of icy grains which sublimated and fragmented within the first hour after the impact. The light curve of the comet after the impact and the amount of material leaving the comet (4.5 - 9 x 10^6 kg of water ice and a presumably larger amount of dust) suggest that the impact ejecta were quickly accelerated by collisions with gas molecules. Therefore, the motion of the bulk of the ejecta cannot be described by ballistic trajectories, and the validity of determinations of the density and tensile strength of the nucleus of Tempel 1 with models using ballistic ejection of particles is uncertain. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2007

24. Observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 around the Deep Impact event by the OSIRIS cameras onboard Rosetta

Author

Keller, H.U., Küppers, Michael, Fornasier, S., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hviid, Stubbe F., Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Jörg, Lowry, Stephen C., Rengel, Miriam, Bertini, Ivano, Cremonese, G., Wing, Ip, Koschny, Detlef, Kramm, Rainer, Kührt, E., Lara, Luisa María, Sierks, Holger, Thomas, Nicolas, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philoppe, Rickman, Hans, Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, A’Hearn, Michael F., Angrilli, Francesco, Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Deppo, Vania da, Davidsson, B., Cecco, Mariolino de, Debei, Stefano, Fulle, Marco, Gliem, Fritz, Groussin, Olivier, López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, Francesco, Naletto, Giampiero, Sabau-Graziati, Lola, Sanz Andrés, Ángel, Wenzel, Klaus-Peter, Keller, H.U., Küppers, Michael, Fornasier, S., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hviid, Stubbe F., Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Jörg, Lowry, Stephen C., Rengel, Miriam, Bertini, Ivano, Cremonese, G., Wing, Ip, Koschny, Detlef, Kramm, Rainer, Kührt, E., Lara, Luisa María, Sierks, Holger, Thomas, Nicolas, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philoppe, Rickman, Hans, Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, A’Hearn, Michael F., Angrilli, Francesco, Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Deppo, Vania da, Davidsson, B., Cecco, Mariolino de, Debei, Stefano, Fulle, Marco, Gliem, Fritz, Groussin, Olivier, López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, Francesco, Naletto, Giampiero, Sabau-Graziati, Lola, Sanz Andrés, Ángel, and Wenzel, Klaus-Peter

Abstract

The OSIRIS cameras on the Rosetta spacecraft observed Comet 9P/Tempel 1 from 5 days before to 10 days after it was hit by the Deep Impact projectile. The Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) monitored the cometary dust in 5 different filters. The Wide Angle Camera (WAC) observed through filters sensitive to emissions from OH, CN, Na, and OI together with the associated continuum. Before and after the impact the comet showed regular variations in intensity. The period of the brightness changes is consistent with the rotation period of Tempel 1. The overall brightness of Tempel 1 decreased by about 10% during the OSIRIS observations. The analysis of the impact ejecta shows that no new permanent coma structures were created by the impact. Most of the material moved with ~ 200 m/s. Much of it left the comet in the form of icy grains which sublimated and fragmented within the first hour after the impact. The light curve of the comet after the impact and the amount of material leaving the comet (4.5 - 9 x 10e6 of water ice and a presumably larger amount of dust) suggest that the impact ejecta were quickly accelerated by collisions with gas molecules. Therefore, the motion of the bulk of the ejecta cannot be described by ballistic trajectories, and the validity of determinations of the density and tensile strength of the nucleus of Tempel 1 with models using ballistic ejection of particles is uncertain.

Published
2007

25. Determination of the light curve of the Rosetta target asteroid (2867) Steins by the OSIRIS cameras onboard Rosetta

Author

Küppers, Michael, Mottola, Stefano, Lowry, Stephen C., A’Hearn, Michael F., Barbieri, Cesare, Barucci, M.A., Fornasier, S., Groussin, Olivier, Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hviid, Stubbe F., Keller, H.U., Lamy, Philoppe, Küppers, Michael, Mottola, Stefano, Lowry, Stephen C., A’Hearn, Michael F., Barbieri, Cesare, Barucci, M.A., Fornasier, S., Groussin, Olivier, Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hviid, Stubbe F., Keller, H.U., and Lamy, Philoppe

Abstract

[Context] In 2004 asteroid (2867) Steins has been selected as a flyby target for the Rosetta mission. Determination of its spin period and the orientation of its rotation axis are essential for optimization of the flyby planning., [Aims] Measurement of the rotation period and light curve of asteroid (2867) Steins at a phase angle larger than achievable from ground based observations, providing a high quality data set to contribute to the determination of the orientation of the spin axis and of the pole direction., [Methods] On March 11, 2006, asteroid (2867) Steins was observed continuously for 24 h with the scientific camera system OSIRIS onboard Rosetta. The phase angle was 41.7 degrees, larger than the maximum phase angle of 30 degrees when Steins is observed from Earth. A total of 238 images, covering four rotation periods without interruption, were acquired., [Results] The light curve of (2867) Steins is double peaked with an amplitude of ≈0.23 mag. The rotation period is 6.052 ± 0.007 h. The continuous observations over four rotation periods exclude the possibility of period ambiguities. There is no indication of deviation from a principal axis rotation state. Assuming a slope parameter of G = 0.15, the absolute visual magnitude of Steins is 13.05 ± 0.03.

Published
2007

26. Indication of drier periode on Mars from the chemistry and mineralogy of atmospheric dust

Author

Walter, Goetz, Bertelsen, Preben, Madsen, Daniel, Madsen, M.B., Olsen, M., Schröder, C, Gunnlaugsson, Haraldur P., Hviid, Stubbe F., Kinch, Kjartan M., Gellert, Ralf, Klingelhöfer, Göster, Ming, Douglas W., Morris, Richard V., Rudolf, Rieder, Rodionov, Daniel S., de Souza Jr, Paulo A., Squyres, Steve W., Wdowiak, Tom, Yen, Albert, Walter, Goetz, Bertelsen, Preben, Madsen, Daniel, Madsen, M.B., Olsen, M., Schröder, C, Gunnlaugsson, Haraldur P., Hviid, Stubbe F., Kinch, Kjartan M., Gellert, Ralf, Klingelhöfer, Göster, Ming, Douglas W., Morris, Richard V., Rudolf, Rieder, Rodionov, Daniel S., de Souza Jr, Paulo A., Squyres, Steve W., Wdowiak, Tom, and Yen, Albert

Published
2005

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