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Oral booster-single strain probiotic bifidobacteria could be a potential strategy for SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to evaluate the role of oral probiotic Bifidobacterium on moderate/severe SARS-CoV-2 inpatients. In this single-center study, we analyzed data of 44 moderate/severe inpatients with diagnosed COVID-19 in Istanbul Maltepe University Medical Faculty Hospital, 2020 from 1 November 2020 to 15 December 2020. Clinical and medication features were compared and analyzed between patients with or without probiotic. In result, 19 of the 44 patients (43.18%) who were administrated with oral booster-single strain probiotic were discharged with the median inpatient day of 7.6 days which were significantly shorter than those of patients without probiotic. There were significant differences in inpatient days, radiological improvement at day 6 and week 3, and reduction in interleukin-6 levels in those receiving oral probiotic therapy. Although the mortality rate was 5% in the probiotic group, it was 25% in the non-probiotic group. Booster-single strain probiotic bifidobacteria could be an effective treatment strategy for moderate/severe SARS-CoV-2 inpatients to reduce the mortality and length of stay in hospital.

ObjectiveThe study objective was to compare gut microbiome diversity and composition in SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive patients whose symptoms ranged from asymptomatic to severe, versus PCR-negative exposed controls.DesignUsing a cross-sectional design, we performed shotgun next-generation sequencing (NGS) on stool samples to evaluate gut microbiome composition and diversity in both patients with SARS-CoV-2 PCR- confirmed infections, that had presented to Ventura Clinical Trials for care from March 2020 through October 2021, and SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative exposed controls. Patients were classified as being asymptomatic or having mild, moderate, or severe symptoms based on NIH criteria. Exposed controls were individuals with prolonged or repeated close contact with patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection or their samples, e.g. household members of patients or frontline healthcare workers. Microbiome diversity and composition were compared between patients and exposed controls at all taxonomic levels.ResultsCompared with controls (n=20), severely symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected patients (n=28) had significantly less bacterial diversity (Shannon Index, P=0.0499; Simpson Index, P=0.0581), and positive patients overall had lower relative abundances of Bifidobacterium (PConclusionWe hypothesize that low bacterial diversity and depletion of Bifidobacterium genera either before or after infection led to reduced pro-immune function, thereby allowing SARS-CoV-2 infection to become symptomatic. This particular dysbiosis pattern may be a susceptibility marker for symptomatic severity from SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be amenable to pre-, intra-, or post infection intervention.Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID, Microbiome, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Bacteriodes, Shannon Index, Simpson Index, Severity, MicrobiotaRegistrationclinicaltrials.govNCT04031469 (PCR -) and 04359836 (PCR+)

Colorectal cancer is the most preventable form of cancer worldwide. The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer includes gut inflammation, genetic and microbial composition factors. İmpairment of the gut microbiota has been associated with development of colorectal cancer. The genus Bifidobacterium is an important component of the commensal gut microbiota. Bifidobacteria are considered to have important roles in multiple homeostatic functions: immunologic, hormonal and metabolic. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) are components of the immune system involved in protection against infectious pathogens and regulate the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases and, potentially, colorectal cancer. Engagement between Bifidobacterium and MAIT cells could exert a beneficial effect on colorectal cancer prevention and treatment.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis includes the altered gut microbiota, environmental factors, and human immune and genetic predisposition. Recently, its association with reduced bifidobacteria quantity in the microbiota is reported.Xyloglucan, a plant based prebiotic oligosaccharide, causes increase in bifidobacteria quantity. In this article we share the results of our UC cases treated by intracolonic single dose administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis and xyloglucan combination. Intracolonic single dose administration of 200 billion CFUs of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis and 4 gr of xyloglucan combination was administrated to ten severe UC patients, who were either unresponsive or had inadequate response to treatment. All patients continued treatment after the procedure. Treatment responses were evaluated by colonoscopic, laboratory and clinical examination after 6 weeks. Intracolonic single dose administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis and xyloglucan was found effective in the mucosal healing and resolution of colonic symptoms in ulcerative colitis patients. Intracolonic administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis and xyloglucan in UC is a new single strain and strain specific prebiotic combination method. It is easy to apply and has no observable side effect. Its effectiveness on mucosal healing could be attributed to the enhancement of non-stimulatory status and biodiversity in colonic mucosa. Nonetheless, it is still necessary to develop diagnostic strategies to determine the patients to whom this method would be the most applicable.

WOS: 000461771000001, PubMed ID: 30911393, The Clostridium difficile infection-related disease varies from mild diarrhoea to pseudomembranouscolitis. Although C. difficile infection is commonly considered to be a hospital-acquired infection, a significant number of cases are community acquired. Community-acquired C. difficile infection can exhibit itself as ileus or toxic megacolon. Severe C. difficile infection that is unresponsive to intravenous metronidazole therapy requires more aggressive medical management and even surgical intervention. We present our case results for which vancomycin was administered both orally and intra-colonically. With this method, we treated the community acquired C. difficile infection patient who was presented as ileus.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. The pathogensesis of colorectal cancer involves a multi-step and multi-factorial process. Disruption of the gut microbiota has been associated with gastrointestinal diseases such as colorectal cancer. The genus Bifidobacterium is considered an important component of the commensal microbiota and plays important roles in several homeostatic functions: immune, neurohormonal, and metabolic. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis is a well-documented probiotic within the species Bifidobacterium. Mycosporin-like amino acids are low molecular weight amino acids demonstrated to exert prebiotic effects and to modulate host immunity by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, macrophages and lymphocytes, as well as cytokine production.Their modulation of the metabolism of the immune system and transcription factors could exert a beneficial effect on colorectal cancer. B. animalis does not produce mycosporin-like amino acids. If one could create a B. animalis–producing mycosporin-like amino acids via genetic open reading frame engineering it should exert more potent immuno-stimulatory properties and, thereby, become a potent strain-specific microbial based therapy in colorectal cancer prevention.

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 virus manifests itself with primary lung damage but also has intestinal involvement. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) and the relationship of GIS with readmission to the hospital within 30 days in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients who were hospitalized in a specified pandemic hospital. Materials and Methods: Symptomatic patients diagnosed with rapid antibody positivity with real-time polymerase chain reaction and typical thorax computed tomography findings were included in this retrospective cohort observational study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from electronic medical records. Hospital-associated GIS were considered as experiencing at least one of the GIS such as gas, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation developing within72 h after hospital admission. Results: The mean age of the patients was 58 ± 14.4 years and 60.7% were men. 82% of hospitalizations were a moderate and severe disease. 71.4% of patients without GIS had at least one of the GIS after hospitalization. As the severity of the disease increased, the frequency of the severity of gastrointestinal symptom increased. GIS bowel disorders were more prominent in patients with moderate and severe disease. Antibiotic and specific treatment (anti-Il-1, anti-Il-6) contributed to the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptom in SARS-CoV-2 inpatients. Conclusion: According to our observations of the second wave of the pandemic, the presence, frequency, and severity of gastrointestinal symptom in inpatient is associated with severity of lung disease and increased readmission rate after discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of European Journal of Inflammation (Sage Publications, Ltd.) is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis includes the altered gut microbiota, environmental factors, human immune responses and genetic. Reduced bifidobacteria level is associated with IBD. Xyloglucan is a plant based prebiotic oligosaccharide. Bifidobacteria level is increased in the presence of xyloglucan. In this article we aim to share the results of our cases; Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients treated by intracolonic single administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis and Xyloglucan combination. Methods Ten UC patients were evaluated; before and after intracolonic single administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis and Xyloglucan combination with colonoscopic laboratory and clinical examination. Results Age, sex, diagnosis, disease location, previous medications are summarized in Table 1. All the patients had active ulcerative colitis disease before the administration. The Mayo Score was used to assess the severity of UC. 2 cases had extensive colitis and 8 patients had left-sided colitis. After 6 weeks of the administration mucosal healing and resolution of colonic symptoms were seen. These results are summarized in Table 2. Of the 10 cases, 7 were undertaken 5-ASA +Azathiopurine and three were undertaken vedolizumab treatment. Intracolonic single Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis and xyloglucan administration was found effective in the mucosal healing and resolution of colonic symptoms in ulcerative colitis patients. Conclusions Herein we reported the importance of Bifidobacterium and xylooligosaccharide combination in IBD. Colonoscopic single Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis and xyloglucan administration is a new method that has no side effect and easy to apply for treatment of IBD.This application might provide enhancement of non-stimulatory status and higher biodiversity in colonic mucosa so mucosal healing may be improved rapidly. However, it would be necessary to develop diagnostic strategies in order to discriminate which patients would benefit from this strategy.

COVID-19 is a viral pandemic that primarily manifests with respiratory distress but may also lead to symptoms and signs associated with the gastrointestinal tract. It is characteristically associated with a hyper-immune response, also referred to as a ‘cytokine storm’. Probiotics are living microorganisms that have been shown to have positive effects on immune response in man with some bacteria; some strains of Bifidobacteria, for example, possess especially potent immune modulating effects. These bacteria have the potential to ameliorate the ‘cytokine storm’ through a differential effect on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the management of COVID-19 and other coronovirus-mediated illnesses, probiotic bacteria also have the potential to enhance vaccine efficacy.

A cavernous hemangioma of the transverse colon is a rare vascular malformation but is clinically important because of the possibility of massive bleeding