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4. Associations between Maternal Education and Child Nutrition and Oral Health in an Indigenous Population in Ecuador.

Author

Chinnakotla, Bharathi, Susarla, Sita, Mohan, Deepika, Turton, Bathsheba, Husby, Hannah, Morales, Cecilia, and Sokal-Gutierrez, Karen

Subjects
early childhood caries, ecuador, maternal education, maternal-child health, nutrition, oral health, public health, social determinants of health, Female, Humans, Oral Health, Ecuador, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dental Caries, Indigenous Peoples
Abstract

The global nutrition transition has increased the prevalence of childhood dental caries. Greater understanding is needed of the impact of social determinants—including maternal education—on child oral health. This is a cross-sectional analysis of a convenience sample of families of 458 indigenous Ecuadorian children aged 6 months through 6 years from 2011−2013. Data was collected by mother interviews and child dental and anthropometric examinations. Multivariate logistic and Zero-Inflated-Poisson regression analyses assessed associations between years of maternal education and maternal-child oral health practices and child oral health outcomes. Each additional year of maternal education was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with some healthier practices including greater likelihood of mothers and children drinking milk daily (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.08, 1.34); and less healthy practices including greater likelihood of bottle-feeding children with sugary liquids (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.06, 1.22) and to older age, giving children sweets daily, calming children with a bottle or sweets, and less likelihood of helping brush their children’s teeth (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.88, 0.98). Each year of maternal education had a small but statistically non-significant influence on increasing the odds of children being among those who are cavity-free (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.92, 1.16). Interventions to improve health outcomes should focus not just on maternal education but also address social and commercial determinants of health through nutrition and oral health education, as well as policies to reduce sugar and ensure universal access to oral health care.

Published
2022

9. Needs Assessment Guidebook: Supporting the Development of District and School Needs Assessments

Author

American Institutes for Research (AIR), State Support Network, Cuiccio, Cary, and Husby-Slater, Marie

Abstract

This guidebook is designed to support state and local leaders in the first step in the improvement process, the development and facilitation of a needs assessment. The guidebook does the following: (1) Reviews some of the major school-improvement-related needs assessment requirements found in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, as amended by the Every Student Succeeds Act; (2) Introduces the elements of a successful needs assessment; (3) Presents a practical approach to addressing those elements across the phases of needs assessment implementation; (4) Describes supports that states can provide to districts, and districts to schools, in the implementation of effective needs assessments; and (5) Discusses the role of needs assessment within a continuous improvement process.

Published
2018

10. A comprehensive evaluation of predictive performance of 33 species distribution models at species and community levels

Author

Norberg, Anna, Abrego, Nerea, Blanchet, F Guillaume, Adler, Frederick R, Anderson, Barbara J, Anttila, Jani, Araujo, Miguel B, Dallas, Tad, Dunson, David, Elith, Jane, Foster, Scott D, Fox, Richard, Franklin, Janet, Godsoe, William, Guisan, Antoine, O'Hara, Bob, Hill, Nicole A, Holt, Robert D, Hui, Francis KC, Husby, Magne, Kalas, John Atle, Lehikoinen, Aleksi, Luoto, Miska, Mod, Heidi K, Newell, Graeme, Renner, Ian, Roslin, Tomas, Soininen, Janne, Thuiller, Wilfried, Vanhatalo, Jarno, Warton, David, White, Matt, Zimmermann, Niklaus E, Gravel, Dominique, and Ovaskainen, Otso

Subjects
community assembly, community modeling, environmental filtering, joint species distribution model, model performance, prediction, predictive power, species interactions, stacked species distribution model, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Ecological Applications, Ecology
Published
2019

11. Resolving observable features of galaxy cluster merger 'El Gordo' using idealized cluster models in SPH simulations

Author

Husby, Erik

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The merger scenario of two galaxy subclusters to form the massive galaxy cluster 'El Gordo' is investigated using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations. Idealized cluster models are used to initialize the states of both subclusters prior to the merger, assuming the commonly used Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) dark matter (DM) density profile and solving the hydrostatic equilibrium equation for a ${\beta}$-model with ${\beta}$ = 0.6 to obtain the gas density profile. The impact parameter (P) and zero-energy orbit fraction (${\epsilon}$) of the two merging subclusters are varied to put constraints on the space of parameter values which result in projections of X-ray luminosity, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, and DM density that correlate well with observational features of 'El Gordo'. We are able to reproduce the remarkable wake-like feature seen in X-ray observations that trails after the secondary (bullet) subcluster as well as the rough shape of the combined cluster with P ~ 800 kpc and ${\epsilon}$ = 0.6, which corroborate the results of prior simulations that support an off-axis, high-speed collision as the merger scenario. We argue that the large separation distance between the mass centers of the two subclusters in this merger scenario may be resolved by finding a better fit for other parameters in the idealized subcluster models., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures. Thesis for Astrophysics B.S.; Comments appreciated

Published
2017

18. Selective Teaching of L2 Pronunciation

Author

Husby, Olaf, Koreman, Jacques, Martínez-Paricio, Violeta, Abrahamsen, Jardar E., Albertsen, Egil, Hedayatfar, Keivan, and Bech, Øyvind

Abstract

The pronunciation of a second or foreign language is often very challenging for L2 learners. It is difficult to address this topic in the classroom, because learners with different native languages (L1s) can have very different challenges. We have therefore developed a Computer-Assisted Listening and Speaking Tutor (CALST), which selectively offers exercises for listening and pronunciation training tailored in relation to the learner's native language (L1). Based on information given in its connected database L1-L2"map", CALST offers exercises focused on Norwegian segmentals for speakers of more than 500 languages, and exercises related to phonotactics for 10 languages. Exercises focusing on stress placement in words, word tones, fast speech phenomena and intonation are under development. As there is no spoken standard of Norwegian, the user can choose one of eight dialects as target language. The latter choice is so far valid for segmental exercises only. L1-L2"map" is easily expandable, and single language access is given to expert contributors on request at http://calst.hf.ntnu.no/L1-L2map/. At present, CALST can be used to learn Norwegian pronunciation (www.calst.no). However, it can easily be extended to other languages by adding relevant content into the existing framework. [For full proceedings, see ED564162.]

Published
2015

20. Early Childhood Dental Caries, Mouth Pain, and Malnutrition in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region

Author

So, Marvin, Ellenikiotis, Yianni A, Husby, Hannah M, Paz, Cecilia Leonor, Seymour, Brittany, and Sokal-Gutierrez, Karen

Subjects
Chronic Pain, Infectious Diseases, Nutrition, Pain Research, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Pediatric, Pediatric Research Initiative, Prevention, Clinical Research, Oral and gastrointestinal, Zero Hunger, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dental Caries, Ecuador, Facial Pain, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Malnutrition, Mouth, Nutritional Status, Odds Ratio, Oral Health, Overweight, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Thinness, early childhood caries, mouth pain, malnutrition, community-based intervention, Toxicology
Abstract

Malnutrition and dental caries in early childhood remain persistent and intertwined global health challenges, particularly for indigenous and geographically-remote populations. To examine the prevalence and associations between early childhood dental caries, parent-reported mouth pain and malnutrition in the Amazonian region of Ecuador, we conducted a cross-sectional study of the oral health and nutrition status of 1407 children from birth through age 6 in the "Alli Kiru" program (2011-2013). We used multivariate regression analysis to examine relationships between severe caries, parent-reported mouth pain measures, and nutritional status. The prevalence of dental caries was 65.4%, with 44.7% of children having deep or severe caries, and 33.8% reporting mouth pain. The number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) increased dramatically with age. Malnutrition was prevalent, with 35.9% of children stunted, 1.1% wasted, 7.4% underweight, and 6.8% overweight. As mouth pain increased in frequency, odds for severe caries increased. For each unit increase in mouth pain frequency interfering with sleeping, children had increased odds for being underweight (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.27; 95% CI: 1.02-1.54) and decreased odds for being overweight (AOR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.58-0.97). This relationship was most pronounced among 3-6 year-olds. Early childhood caries, mouth pain and malnutrition were prevalent in this sample of young children. Parent-reported mouth pain was associated with severe caries, and mouth pain interfering with sleeping was predictive of poor nutritional status. We demonstrate the utility of a parsimonious parent-reported measure of mouth pain to predict young children's risk for severe early childhood caries and malnutrition, which has implications for community health interventions.

Published
2017

22. Structure-Based Predictions of Activity Cliffs

Author

Husby, Jarmila, Bottegoni, Giovanni, Kufareva, Irina, Abagyan, Ruben, and Cavalli, Andrea

Subjects
Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry, Chemical Sciences, Crystallography, X-Ray, Databases, Pharmaceutical, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Ligands, Molecular Conformation, Molecular Docking Simulation, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Computation Theory and Mathematics, Medicinal & Biomolecular Chemistry, Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry, Theoretical and computational chemistry
Abstract

In drug discovery, it is generally accepted that neighboring molecules in a given descriptor's space display similar activities. However, even in regions that provide strong predictability, structurally similar molecules can occasionally display large differences in potency. In QSAR jargon, these discontinuities in the activity landscape are known as "activity cliffs". In this study, we assessed the reliability of ligand docking and virtual ligand screening schemes in predicting activity cliffs. We performed our calculations on a diverse, independently collected database of cliff-forming cocrystals. Starting from ideal situations, which allowed us to establish our baseline, we progressively moved toward simulating more realistic scenarios. Ensemble- and template-docking achieved a significant level of accuracy, suggesting that, despite the well-known limitations of empirical scoring schemes, activity cliffs can be accurately predicted by advanced structure-based methods.

Published
2015

28. Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds

Author

Brlík, Vojtěch, Šilarová, Eva, Škorpilová, Jana, Alonso, Hany, Anton, Marc, Aunins, Ainars, Benkö, Zoltán, Biver, Gilles, Busch, Malte, Chodkiewicz, Tomasz, Chylarecki, Przemysław, Coombes, Dick, de Carli, Elisabetta, del Moral, Juan C., Derouaux, Antoine, Escandell, Virginia, Eskildsen, Daniel P., Fontaine, Benoît, Foppen, Ruud P. B., Gamero, Anna, Gregory, Richard D., Harris, Sarah, Herrando, Sergi, Hristov, Iordan, Husby, Magne, Ieronymidou, Christina, Jiquet, Frédéric, Kålås, John A., Kamp, Johannes, Kmecl, Primož, Kurlavičius, Petras, Lehikoinen, Aleksi, Lewis, Lesley, Lindström, Åke, Manolopoulos, Aris, Martí, David, Massimino, Dario, Moshøj, Charlotte, Nellis, Renno, Noble, David, Paquet, Alain, Paquet, Jean-Yves, Portolou, Danae, Ramírez, Iván, Redel, Cindy, Reif, Jiří, Ridzoň, Jozef, Schmid, Hans, Seaman, Benjamin, Silva, Laura, Soldaat, Leo, Spasov, Svetoslav, Staneva, Anna, Szép, Tibor, Florenzano, Guido Tellini, Teufelbauer, Norbert, Trautmann, Sven, van der Meij, Tom, van Strien, Arco, van Turnhout, Chris, Vermeersch, Glenn, Vermouzek, Zdeněk, Vikstrøm, Thomas, Voříšek, Petr, Weiserbs, Anne, and Klvaňová, Alena

Published
2021
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37. Educational Effort in Five Resource Frontier Communities. Center for Settlement Studies, Series 2: Research Report No. 7.

Author

Manitoba Univ., Winnipeg. Center for Settlement Studies. and Husby, P. J.

Abstract

The study examined the educational efforts of five resource frontier communities (Thompson, Flin Flon, Lynn Lake, and Pinawa in Manitoba and Red Lake in Ontario) and compared their educational efforts with that of the Province of Manitoba. The measures of educational effort used were then evaluated to determine whether they might be usefully applied to other areas and communities. Data on population, school enrollment, wealth, and educational expenditures were collected for the period 1961 to 1968. Four sets of educational effort indexes were calculated--total operating expenditures and assessment; total net operating expenditures and personal income; net operating expenditures per pupil and personal income per capita; and municipal share of total operating expenditures and personal income. The income elasticity of demand for education was also calculated. Some findings were: (1) total educational expenditures for the communities of Flin Flon, Pinawa, Lynn Lake, and Red Lake, related to the local wealth indicators used, compared favorably with equivalent figures for Manitoba; (2) educational effort indexes for Thompson were generally equivalent to, or somewhat below, the figures for the other communities and Manitoba; and (3) when using the municipal shares of local educational expenditures, the communities' educational effort was reasonably equivalent to Manitoba's for most of the years examined. (NQ)

Published
1971

42. Terminology and ontology development for semantic annotation: A use case on sepsis and adverse events

Author

Yan, Melissa Y., Gustad, Lise Tuset, Høvik, Lise Husby, and Nytrø, Øystein

Abstract

Annotations enrich text corpora and provide necessary labels for natural language processing studies. To reason and infer underlying implicit knowledge captured by labels, an ontology is needed to provide a semantically annotated corpus with structured domain knowledge. Utilizing a corpus of adverse event documents annotated for sepsis-related signs and symptoms as a use case, this paper details how a terminology and corresponding ontology were developed. The Annotated Adverse Event NOte TErminology (AAENOTE) represents annotated documents and assists annotators in annotating text. In contrast, the complementary Catheter Infection Indications Ontology (CIIO) is intended for clinician use and captures domain knowledge needed to reason and infer implicit information from data. The approach taken makes ontology development understandable and accessible to domain experts without formal ontology training.

Published
2023
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