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1. Search for correlations of the arrival directions of ultra-high energy cosmic ray with extragalactic objects as observed by the telescope array experiment

Author

Abu-Zayyad, T., Aida, R., Allen, M., Anderson, R., Azuma, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Cho, E. J., Cho, W. R., Fujii, H., Fujii, T., Fukuda, T., Fukushima, M., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, K., Hayashi, Y., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Hiyama, K., Honda, K., Iguchi, T., Ikeda, D., Ikuta, K., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ishimori, R., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Iwamoto, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kanbe, T., Kasahara, K., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, H. K., Kim, J. H., Kitamoto, K., Kitamura, S., Kitamura, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kobayashi, Y., Kondo, Y., Kuramoto, K., Kuzmin, V., Kwon, Y. J., Lan, J., Lim, S. I., Lundquist, J. P., Machida, S., Martens, K., Matsuda, T., Matsuura, T., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Minamino, M., Miyata, K., Murano, Y., Myers, I., Nagasawa, K., Nagataki, S., Nakamura, T., Nam, S. W., Nonaka, T., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oki, K., Oku, D., Okuda, T., Ono, M., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Pshirkov, M. S., Rodriguez, D. C., Roh, S. Y., Rubtsov, G., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sakurai, N., Sampson, A. L., Scott, L. M., Shah, P. D., Shibata, F., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, J. I., Shirahama, T., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Springer, R. W., Stokes, B. T., Stratton, S. R., Stroman, T., Suzuki, S., Takahashi, Y., Takeda, M., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Tsutsumi, K., Tsuyuguchi, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Ukai, H., Urban, F., Vasiloff, G., Wada, Y., Wong, T., Yamakawa, Y., Yamane, R., Yamaoka, H., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yoneda, Y., Yoshida, S., Yoshii, H., Zhou, X., Zollinger, R., and Zundel, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We search for correlations between positions of extragalactic objects and arrival directions of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) with primary energy $E \ge 40$ EeV as observed by the surface detector array of the Telescope Array (TA) experiment during the first 40 months of operation. We examined several public astronomical object catalogs, including the Veron-Cetty and Veron catalog of active galactic nuclei. We counted the number of TA events correlated with objects in each catalog as a function of three parameters: the maximum angular separation between a TA event and an object, the minimum energy of the events, and the maximum redshift of the objects. We determine combinations of these parameters which maximize the correlations, and calculate the chance probabilities of having the same levels of correlations from an isotropic distribution of UHECR arrival directions. No statistically significant correlations are found when penalties for scanning over the above parameters and for searching in several catalogs are taken into account.

Published
2013
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2. Energy Spectrum of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays Observed with the Telescope Array Using a Hybrid Technique

Author

Abu-Zayyad, T., Aida, R., Allen, M., Anderson, R., Azuma, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Cho, E. J., Cho, W. R., Fujii, H., Fujii, T., Fukuda, T., Fukushima, M., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, K., Hayashi, Y., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Hiyama, K., Honda, K., Iguchi, T., Ikeda, D., Ikuta, K., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ishimori, R., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Iwamoto, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kanbe, T., Kasahara, K., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, H. K., Kim, J. H., Kitamoto, K., Kitamura, S., Kitamura, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kobayashi, Y., Kondo, Y., Kuramoto, K., Kuzmin, V., Kwon, Y. J., Lan, J., Lim, S. I., Lundquist, J. P., Machida, S., Martens, K., Matsuda, T., Matsuura, T., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Minamino, M., Miyata, K., Murano, Y., Myers, I., Nagasawa, K., Nagataki, S., Nakamura, T., Nam, S. W., Nonaka, T., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oki, K., Oku, D., Okuda, T., Ono, M., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Pshirkov, M. S., Rodriguez, D. C., Roh, S. Y., Rubtsov, G., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sakurai, N., Sampson, A. L., Scott, L. M., Shah, P. D., Shibata, F., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, J. I., Shirahama, T., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Springer, R. W., Stokes, B. T., Stratton, S. R., Stroman, T., Suzuki, S., Takahashi, Y., Takeda, M., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Tsutsumi, K., Tsuyuguchi, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Ukai, H., Urban, F., Vasiloff, G., Wada, Y., Wong, T., Yamakawa, Y., Yamane, R., Yamaoka, H., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yoneda, Y., Yoshida, S., Yoshii, H., Zhou, X., Zollinger, R., and Zundel, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We measure the spectrum of cosmic rays with energies greater than $10^{18.2}$ eV with the Fluorescence Detectors (FDs) and the Surface Detectors (SDs) of the Telescope Array Experiment using the data taken in our first 2.3-year observation from May 27 2008 to September 7 2010. A hybrid air shower reconstruction technique is employed to improve accuracies in determination of arrival directions and primary energies of cosmic rays using both FD and SD data. The energy spectrum presented here is in agreement with our previously published spectra and the HiRes results., Comment: 28 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Astroparticle Physics

Published
2013

3. The Energy Spectrum of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays Measured by the Telescope Array FADC Fluorescence Detectors in Monocular Mode

Author

The Telescope Array Collaboration, Abu-Zayyad, T., Aida, R., Allen, M., Anderson, R., Azuma, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Cho, E. J., Cho, W. R., Fujii, H., Fujii, T., Fukuda, T., Fukushima, M., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, K., Hayashi, Y., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Hiyama, K., Honda, K., Iguchi, T., Ikeda, D., Ikuta, K., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ishimori, R., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Iwamoto, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kanbe, T., Kasahara, K., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, H. K., Kim, J. H., Kitamoto, K., Kitamura, S., Kitamura, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kobayashi, Y., Kondo, Y., Kuramoto, K., Kuzmin, V., Kwon, Y. J., Lan, J., Lim, S. I., Lundquist, J. P., Machida, S., Martens, K., Matsuda, T., Matsuura, T., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Myers, I., Minamino, M., Miyata, K., Murano, Y., Nagataki, S., Nakamura, T., Nam, S. W., Nonaka, T., Ogio, S., Ogura, J., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oki, K., Oku, D., Okuda, T., Ono, M., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Pshirkov, M. S., Rodriguez, D. C., Roh, S. Y., Rubtsov, G., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sakurai, N., Sampson, A. L., Scott, L. M., Shah, P. D., Shibata, F., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, J. I., Shirahama, T., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sonley, T. J., Springer, R. W., Stokes, B. T., Stratton, S. R., Stroman, T. A., Suzuki, S., Takahashi, Y., Takeda, M., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Tsutsumi, K., Tsuyuguchi, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Ukai, H., Vasiloff, G., Wada, Y., Wong, T., Yamakawa, Y., Yamane, R., Yamaoka, H., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yoneda, Y., Yoshida, S., Yoshii, H., Zollinger, R., and Zundel, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a measurement of the energy spectrum of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays performed by the Telescope Array experiment using monocular observations from its two new FADC-based fluorescence detectors. After a short description of the experiment, we describe the data analysis and event reconstruction procedures. Since the aperture of the experiment must be calculated by Monte Carlo simulation, we describe this calculation and the comparisons of simulated and real data used to verify the validity of the aperture calculation. Finally, we present the energy spectrum calculated from the merged monocular data sets of the two FADC-based detectors, and also the combination of this merged spectrum with an independent, previously published monocular spectrum measurement performed by Telescope Array's third fluorescence detector (Abu-Zayyad {\it et al.}, {Astropart. Phys.} 39 (2012), 109). This combined spectrum corroborates the recently published Telescope Array surface detector spectrum (Abu-Zayyad {\it et al.}, {Astrophys. Journ.} 768 (2013), L1) with independent systematic uncertainties., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Astroparticle Physics

Published
2013

4. Upper limit on the flux of photons with energies above 10^19 eV using the Telescope Array surface detector

Author

Abu-Zayyad, T., Aida, R., Allen, M., Anderson, R., Azuma, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Cho, E. J., Cho, W. R., Fujii, H., Fujii, T., Fukuda, T., Fukushima, M., Gorbunov, D., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, K., Hayashi, Y., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Hiyama, K., Honda, K., Iguchi, T., Ikeda, D., Ikuta, K., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ishimori, R., Ivanov, D., Iwamoto, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kanbe, T., Kasahara, K., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, H. K., Kim, J. H., Kitamoto, K., Kitamura, S., Kitamura, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kobayashi, Y., Kondo, Y., Kuramoto, K., Kuzmin, V., Kwon, Y. J., Lan, J., Lim, S. I., Machida, S., Martens, K., Matsuda, T., Matsuura, T., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Minamino, M., Miyata, K., Murano, Y., Myers, I., Nagasawa, K., Nagataki, S., Nakamura, T., Nam, S. W., Nonaka, T., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oki, K., Oku, D., Okuda, T., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Pshirkov, M. S., Rodriguez, D. C., Roh, S. Y., Rubtsov, G. I., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sakurai, N., Sampson, A. L., Scott, L. M., Shah, P. D., Shibata, F., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, J. I., Shirahama, T., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Stokes, B. T., Stratton, S. R., Stroman, T., Suzuki, S., Takahashi, Y., Takeda, M., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Tsutsumi, K., Tsuyuguchi, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Ukai, H., Vasiloff, G., Wada, Y., Wong, T., Wood, M., Yamakawa, Y., Yamane, R., Yamaoka, H., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yoneda, Y., Yoshida, S., Yoshii, H., Zhou, X., Zollinger, R., and Zundel, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We search for ultra-high energy photons by analyzing geometrical properties of shower fronts of events registered by the Telescope Array surface detector. By making use of an event-by-event statistical method, we derive upper limits on the absolute flux of primary photons with energies above 10^19, 10^19.5 and 10^20 eV based on the first three years of data taken., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

Published
2013
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5. Search for Anisotropy of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays with the Telescope Array Experiment

Author

Abu-Zayyad, T., Aida, R., Allen, M., Anderson, R., Azuma, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Cho, E. J., Cho, W. R., Fujii, H., Fujii, T., Fukuda, T., Fukushima, M., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, K., Hayashi, Y., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Hiyama, K., Honda, K., Iguchi, T., Ikeda, D., Ikuta, K., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ishimori, R., Ivanov, D., Iwamoto, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kanbe, T., Kasahara, K., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, H. K., Kim, J. H., Kitamoto, K., Kitamura, S., Kitamura, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kobayashi, Y., Kondo, Y., Kuramoto, K., Kuzmin, V., Kwon, Y. J., Lim, S. I., Machida, S., Martens, K., Martineau, J., Matsuda, T., Matsuura, T., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Minamino, M., Miyata, K., Murano, Y., Myers, I., Nagasawa, K., Nagataki, S., Nakamura, T., Nam, S. W., Nonaka, T., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oki, K., Oku, D., Okuda, T., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Pshirkov, M. S., Rodriguez, D. C., Roh, S. Y., Rubtsov, G., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sakurai, N., Sampson, A. L., Scott, L. M., Shah, P. D., Shibata, F., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, J. I., Shirahama, T., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sonley, T. J., Springer, R. W., Stokes, B. T., Stratton, S. R., Stroman, T., Suzuki, S., Takahashi, Y., Takeda, M., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Tsutsumi, K., Tsuyuguchi, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Ukai, H., Vasiloff, G., Wada, Y., Wong, T., Wood, M., Yamakawa, Y., Yamane, R., Yamaoka, H., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yoneda, Y., Yoshida, S., Yoshii, H., Zhou, X., Zollinger, R., and Zundel, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We study the anisotropy of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) events collected by the Telescope Array (TA) detector in the first 40 months of operation. Following earlier studies, we examine event sets with energy thresholds of 10 EeV, 40 EeV, and 57 EeV. We find that the distributions of the events in right ascension and declination are compatible with an isotropic distribution in all three sets. We then compare with previously reported clustering of the UHECR events at small angular scales. No significant clustering is found in the TA data. We then check the events with E>57 EeV for correlations with nearby active galactic nuclei. No significant correlation is found. Finally, we examine all three sets for correlations with the large-scale structure of the Universe. We find that the two higher-energy sets are compatible with both an isotropic distribution and the hypothesis that UHECR sources follow the matter distribution of the Universe (the LSS hypothesis), while the event set with E>10 EeV is compatible with isotropy and is not compatible with the LSS hypothesis at 95% CL unless large deflection angles are also assumed. We show that accounting for UHECR deflections in a realistic model of the Galactic magnetic field can make this set compatible with the LSS hypothesis., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures

Published
2012
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6. The Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum Observed with the Surface Detector of the Telescope Array Experiment

Author

Abu-Zayyad, T., Aida, R., Allen, M., Anderson, R., Azuma, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Cho, E. J., Cho, W. R., Fujii, H., Fujii, T., Fukuda, T., Fukushima, M., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, K., Hayashi, Y., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Hiyama, K., Honda, K., Iguchi, T., Ikeda, D., Ikuta, K., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ishimori, R., Ivanov, D., Iwamoto, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kanbe, T., Kasahara, K., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, H. K., Kim, J. H., Kitamoto, K., Kitamura, S., Kitamura, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kobayashi, Y., Kondo, Y., Kuramoto, K., Kuzmin, V., Kwon, Y. J., Lan, J., Lim, S. I., Machida, S., Martens, K., Matsuda, T., Matsuura, T., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Minamino, M., Miyata, K., Murano, Y., Myers, I., Nagasawa, K., Nagataki, S., Nakamura, T., Nam, S. W., Nonaka, T., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oki, K., Oku, D., Okuda, T., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Pshirkov, M. S., Rodriguez, D. C., Roh, S. Y., Rubtsov, G., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sakurai, N., Sampson, A. L., Scott, L. M., Shah, P. D., Shibata, F., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, J. I., Shirahama, T., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Stokes, B. T., Stratton, S. R., Stroman, T. A., Suzuki, S., Takahashi, Y., Takeda, M., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Tsutsumi, K., Tsuyuguchi, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Ukai, H., Vasiloff, G., Wada, Y., Wong, T., Wood, M., Yamakawa, Y., Yamane, R., Yamaoka, H., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yoneda, Y., Yoshida, S., Yoshii, H., Zhou, X., Zollinger, R., and Zundel, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The Telescope Array (TA) collaboration has measured the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays with primary energies above 1.6 x 10^(18) eV. This measurement is based upon four years of observation by the surface detector component of TA. The spectrum shows a dip at an energy of 4.6 x 10^(18) eV and a steepening at 5.4 x 10^(19) eV which is consistent with the expectation from the GZK cutoff. We present the results of a technique, new to the analysis of ultra-high energy cosmic ray surface detector data, that involves generating a complete simulation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays striking the TA surface detector. The procedure starts with shower simulations using the CORSIKA Monte Carlo program where we have solved the problems caused by use of the "thinning" approximation. This simulation method allows us to make an accurate calculation of the acceptance of the detector for the energies concerned., Comment: Accepted for publication by Astrophysical Journal Letters

Published
2012
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7. The Energy Spectrum of Telescope Array's Middle Drum Detector and the Direct Comparison to the High Resolution Fly's Eye Experiment

Author

Abu-Zayyad, T., Aida, R., Allen, M., Anderson, R., Azuma, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Cho, E. J., Cho, W. R., Fujii, H., Fujii, T., Fukuda, T., Fukushima, M., Gorbunov, D., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, K., Hayashi, Y., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Hiyama, K., Honda, K., Iguchi, T., Ikeda, D., Ikuta, K., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ishimori, R., Ivanov, D., Iwamoto, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kanbe, T., Kasahara, K., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, H. K., Kim, J. H., Kitamoto, K., Kitamura, S., Kitamura, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kobayashi, Y., Kondo, Y., Kuramoto, K., Kuzmin, V., Kwon, Y. J., Lim, S. I., Machida, S., Martens, K., Martineau, J., Matsuda, T., Matsuura, T., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Minamino, M., Miyata, K., Murano, Y., Nagataki, S., Nakamura, T., Nam, S. W., Nonaka, T., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oki, K., Oku, D., Okuda, T., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Pshirkov, M. S., Rodriguez, D. C., Roh, S. Y., Rubtsov, G., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sakurai, N., Sampson, A. L., Scott, L. M., Shah, P. D., Shibata, F., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, J. I., Shirahama, T., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sonley, T. J., Springer, R. W., Stokes, B. T., Stratton, S. R., Stroman, T., Suzuki, S., Takahashi, Y., Takeda, M., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Tsutsumi, K., Tsuyuguchi, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Ukai, H., Vasiloff, G., Wada, Y., Wong, T., Wood, M., Yamakawa, Y., Yamane, R., Yamaoka, H., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yoneda, Y., Yoshida, S., Yoshii, H., Zollinger, R., and Zundel, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Telescope Array's Middle Drum fluorescence detector was instrumented with telescopes refurbished from the High Resolution Fly's Eye's HiRes-1 site. The data observed by Middle Drum in monocular mode was analyzed via the HiRes-1 profile-constrained geometry reconstruction technique and utilized the same calibration techniques enabling a direct comparison of the energy spectra and energy scales between the two experiments. The spectrum measured using the Middle Drum telescopes is based on a three-year exposure collected between December 16, 2007 and December 16, 2010. The calculated difference between the spectrum of the Middle Drum observations and the published spectrum obtained by the data collected by the HiRes-1 site allows the HiRes-1 energy scale to be transferred to Middle Drum. The HiRes energy scale is applied to the entire Telescope Array by making a comparison between Middle Drum monocular events and hybrid events that triggered both Middle Drum and the Telescope Array's scintillator Ground Array., Comment: 27 pages, 21 figures

Published
2012
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8. The surface detector array of the Telescope Array experiment

Author

Abu-Zayyad, T., Aida, R., Allen, M., Anderson, R., Azuma, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Cho, E. J., Cho, W. R., Fujii, H., Fujii, T., Fukuda, T., Fukushima, M., Gorbunov, D., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, K., Hayashi, Y., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Hiyama, K., Honda, K., Iguchi, T., Ikeda, D., Ikuta, K., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ishimori, R., Ivanov, D., Iwamoto, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kanbe, T., Kasahara, K., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, H. K., Kim, J. H., Kitamoto, K., Kobayashi, K., Kobayashi, Y., Kondo, Y., Kuramoto, K., Kuzmin, V., Kwon, Y. J., Lim, S. I., Machida, S., Martens, K., Martineau, J., Matsuda, T., Matsuura, T., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Myers, I., Minamino, M., Miyata, K., Miyauchi, H., Murano, Y., Nakamura, T., Nam, S. W., Nonaka, T., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oki, K., Oku, D., Okuda, T., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Pshirkov, M. S., Rodriguez, D., Roh, S. Y., Rubtsov, G., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sakurai, N., Sampson, A. L., Scott, L. M., Shah, P. D., Shibata, F., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, J. I., Shirahama, T., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sonley, T. J., Springer, R. W., Stokes, B. T., Stratton, S. R., Stroman, T. A., Suzuki, S., Takahashi, Y., Takeda, M., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Tsutsumi, K., Tsuyuguchi, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Ukai, H., Vasiloff, G., Wada, Y., Wong, T., Wood, M., Yamakawa, Y., Yamaoka, H., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yoshida, S., Yoshii, H., Zollinger, R., and Zundel, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Telescope Array (TA) experiment, located in the western desert of Utah,USA, is designed for observation of extensive air showers from extremely high energy cosmic rays. The experiment has a surface detector array surrounded by three fluorescence detectors to enable simultaneous detection of shower particles at ground level and fluorescence photons along the shower track. The TA surface detectors and fluorescence detectors started full hybrid observation in March, 2008. In this article we describe the design and technical features of the TA surface detector., Comment: 32 pages, 17 figures

Published
2012
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9. New air fluorescence detectors employed in the Telescope Array experiment

Author

Tokuno, H., Tameda, Y., Takeda, M., Kadota, K., Ikeda, D., Chikawa, M., Fujii, T., Fukushima, M., Honda, K., Inoue, N., Kakimoto, F., Kawana, S., Kido, E., Matthews, J. N., Nonaka, T., Ogio, S., Okuda, T., Ozawa, S., Sagawa, H., Sakurai, N., Shibata, T., Taketa, A., Thomas, S. B., Tomida, T., Tsunesada, Y., Udo, S., Abu-zayyad, T., Aida, R., Allen, M., Anderson, R., Azuma, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Cho, E. J., Cho, W. R., Fujii, H., Fukuda, T., Gorbunov, D., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, K., Hayashi, Y., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Hiyama, K., Iguchi, T., Ikuta, K., Ishii, T., Ishimori, R., Ivanov, D., Iwamoto, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kalashev, O., Kanbe, T., Kasahara, K., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kim, H. B., Kim, H. K., Kim, J. H., Kitamoto, K., Kobayashi, K., Kobayashi, Y., Kondo, Y., Kuramoto, K., Kuzmin, V., Kwon, Y. J., Lim, S. I., Machida, S., Martens, K., Martineau, J., Matsuda, T., Matsuura, T., Matsuyama, T., Myers, I., Minamino, M., Miyata, K., Miyauchi, H., Murano, Y., Nakamura, T., Nam, S. W., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oki, K., Oku, D., Oshima, A., Park, I. H., Pshirkov, M. S., Rodriguez, D., Roh, S. Y., Rubtsov, G., Ryu, D., Sampson, A. L., Scott, L. M., Shah, P. D., Shibata, F., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, J. I., Shirahama, T., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sonley, T. J., Springer, R. W., Stokes, B. T., Stratton, S. R., Stroman, T., Suzuki, S., Takahashi, Y., Takita, M., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Troitsky, S., Tsutsumi, K., Tsuyuguchi, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ukai, H., Vasiloff, G., Wada, Y., Wong, T., Wood, M., Yamakawa, Y., Yamaoka, H., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yoshida, S., Yoshii, H., Zollinger, R., and Zundel, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Since 2007, the Telescope Array (TA) experiment, based in Utah, USA, has been observing ultra high energy cosmic rays to understand their origins. The experiment involves a surface detector (SD) array and three fluorescence detector (FD) stations. FD stations, installed surrounding the SD array, measure the air fluorescence light emitted from extensive air showers (EASs) for precise determination of their energies and species. The detectors employed at one of the three FD stations were relocated from the High Resolution Fly's Eye experiment. At the other two stations, newly designed detectors were constructed for the TA experiment. An FD consists of a primary mirror and a camera equipped with photomultiplier tubes. To obtain the EAS parameters with high accuracies, understanding the FD optical characteristics is important. In this paper, we report the characteristics and installation of new FDs and the performances of the FD components. The results of the monitored mirror reflectance during the observation time are also described in this report., Comment: 44 pages, 23 figures, submitted to NIM-A

Published
2011
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14. The author list of the Telescope Array Collaboration

Author

Yoneda Y., Yoshida S., Yang J., Yamaoka H., Yamazaki K., Yamane R., Yamakawa Y., Wood M., Wong T., Vasiloff G., Wada Y., Ukai H., Udo S., Uchihori Y., Tsuyuguchi Y., Tsutsumi K., Tsunesada Y., Tomida T., Troitsky S., Tokuno H., Tinyakov P., Tkachev I., Thomson G.B., Thomas S.B., Tanaka M., Tanaka H., Tanaka K., Tameda Y., Takita M., Taketa A., Takahashi Y., Takeda M., Suzuki S., Stroman T., Stratton S.R., Stokes B.T., Springer R.W., Sonley T.J., Sokolsky P., Shirahama T., Smith J.D., Shin J.I., Shimodaira H., Shin B.K., Shibata T., Shibata F., Shah P.D., Scott L.M., Sampson A.L., Sakurai N., Sagawa H., Rubtsov G., Ryu D., Roh S.Y., Rodriguez D.C., Park I.H., Pshirkov M.S., Ozawa S., Oshima A., Okuda T., Oku D., Oki K., Ohnishi, Ohoka H., Nonaka T., Ogio S., Nam S.W., Nagataki S., Nakamura T., Nagasawa K., Myers I., Murano Y., Minamino M., Miyata K., Matthews J.N., Matsuyama T., Matsuura T., Matsuda T., Martineau J., Martens K., Machida S., Lim S.I., Kwon Y.J., Kuramoto K., Kuzmin V., Kondo Y., Kobayashi Y., Kobayashi K., Kitamura Y., Kitamoto K., Kitamura S., Kim J.H., Kim H.K., Kim H.B., Kawana S., Kido E., Kawakami S., Kawai H., Kanbe T., Kasahara K., Kalashev O., Kakimoto F., Kadota K., Jui C.C.H., Ivanov D., Iwamoto S., Ishimori R., Inoue N., Ishii T., Ikuta K., Ikeda D., Iguchi T., Honda K., Hiyama K., Hayashida N., Hibino K., Hayashi Y., Hayashi K., Hanlon W., Fukushima M., Fukuda T., Fujii T., Fujii H., Cho W.R., Cho E.J., Chikawa M., Chiba J., Cheon B.G., Cady R., Blake S.A., Bergman D.R., Belz J.W., Barcikowski E., Azuma R., Anderson R., Allen M., Aida R., Abu-Zayyad T., Yoshii H., Zhou X., Zollinger R., and Zundel Z.

Subjects
lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Published
2013

15. Genetic susceptibility to COPD

Author

RUSE, C, PARKER, S, BURTON, P, WARDLAW, A, YIM, J, PARK, G, LEE, C, KIM, Y, HAN, S, SHIM, Y, YOO, C, YOSHIKAWA, M, HIYAMA, K, ISHIOKA, S, MAEDA, H, MAEDA, A, BUDHI, A, and YAMAKIDO, M

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Genetics, COPD, medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, Genetic heterogeneity, business.industry, Population, Disease, medicine.disease, Sample size determination, Internal medicine, Genotype, medicine, Genetic predisposition, business, education, Letters to the Editor, Genetic association
Abstract

We read with interest the report by Yim et al of a failure to observe an association between polymorphisms of the microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEPHX) gene and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).1 This contrasts with the findings of earlier studies.2 There is debate in the literature on the place of association studies in the investigation of late onset complex disorders.3Failure to replicate an initial report of a positive association is common4-6 and it is important that the reasons for this are established. The authors correctly state that their failure to replicate the results of earlier studies may be a reflection of the marked racial differences in the frequency of the mEPHX gene within their population. However, their study also lacks power. Given, for example, their reported frequency of 75% for the wild type homozygous exon 4, a sample size of 80 subjects would only be able to detect a difference of 22% (e.g. 75% versus 53%) between the case and control groups (two tailed p value = 0.05, power = 0.8). Phenotypic heterogeneity is a problem in the genetic dissection of complex traits and hampers comparisons between studies. The authors are rigorous in their spirometric criteria used to define cases. However, their COPD group also includes never smokers and those with minimal pack-year histories. It is not restricted to adult onset disease, potentially containing chronic asthmatics. This phenotypically heterogeneous group could reduce the likelihood of demonstrating an association. The calculation of phenotypic “scores” is one solution to the clinical diversity which the label “COPD” describes.7 Finally, the importance of age and sex matching cannot be understated, not only because controls may develop disease, … Dr C-G Yoo Dr S Ishioka Dr C-G Yoo

Published
2000

16. CORRELATIONS OF THE ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS OF ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS WITH EXTRAGALACTIC OBJECTS AS OBSERVED BY THE TELESCOPE ARRAY EXPERIMENT

Author

Abu-Zayyad, T., primary, Aida, R., additional, Allen, M., additional, Anderson, R., additional, Azuma, R., additional, Barcikowski, E., additional, Belz, J. W., additional, Bergman, D. R., additional, Blake, S. A., additional, Cady, R., additional, Cheon, B. G., additional, Chiba, J., additional, Chikawa, M., additional, Cho, E. J., additional, Cho, W. R., additional, Fujii, H., additional, Fujii, T., additional, Fukuda, T., additional, Fukushima, M., additional, Hanlon, W., additional, Hayashi, K., additional, Hayashi, Y., additional, Hayashida, N., additional, Hibino, K., additional, Hiyama, K., additional, Honda, K., additional, Iguchi, T., additional, Ikeda, D., additional, Ikuta, K., additional, Inoue, N., additional, Ishii, T., additional, Ishimori, R., additional, Ito, H., additional, Ivanov, D., additional, Iwamoto, S., additional, Jui, C. C. H., additional, Kadota, K., additional, Kakimoto, F., additional, Kalashev, O., additional, Kanbe, T., additional, Kasahara, K., additional, Kawai, H., additional, Kawakami, S., additional, Kawana, S., additional, Kawata, K., additional, Kido, E., additional, Kim, H. B., additional, Kim, H. K., additional, Kim, J. H., additional, Kitamoto, K., additional, Kitamura, S., additional, Kitamura, Y., additional, Kobayashi, K., additional, Kobayashi, Y., additional, Kondo, Y., additional, Kuramoto, K., additional, Kuzmin, V., additional, Kwon, Y. J., additional, Lan, J., additional, Lim, S. I., additional, Lundquist, J. P., additional, Machida, S., additional, Martens, K., additional, Matsuda, T., additional, Matsuura, T., additional, Matsuyama, T., additional, Matthews, J. N., additional, Minamino, M., additional, Miyata, K., additional, Murano, Y., additional, Myers, I., additional, Nagasawa, K., additional, Nagataki, S., additional, Nakamura, T., additional, Nam, S. W., additional, Nonaka, T., additional, Ogio, S., additional, Ohnishi, M., additional, Ohoka, H., additional, Oki, K., additional, Oku, D., additional, Okuda, T., additional, Ono, M., additional, Oshima, A., additional, Ozawa, S., additional, Park, I. H., additional, Pshirkov, M. S., additional, Rodriguez, D. C., additional, Roh, S. Y., additional, Rubtsov, G., additional, Ryu, D., additional, Sagawa, H., additional, Sakurai, N., additional, Sampson, A. L., additional, Scott, L. M., additional, Shah, P. D., additional, Shibata, F., additional, Shibata, T., additional, Shimodaira, H., additional, Shin, B. K., additional, Shin, J. I., additional, Shirahama, T., additional, Smith, J. D., additional, Sokolsky, P., additional, Springer, R. W., additional, Stokes, B. T., additional, Stratton, S. R., additional, Stroman, T., additional, Suzuki, S., additional, Takahashi, Y., additional, Takeda, M., additional, Taketa, A., additional, Takita, M., additional, Tameda, Y., additional, Tanaka, H., additional, Tanaka, K., additional, Tanaka, M., additional, Thomas, S. B., additional, Thomson, G. B., additional, Tinyakov, P., additional, Tkachev, I., additional, Tokuno, H., additional, Tomida, T., additional, Troitsky, S., additional, Tsunesada, Y., additional, Tsutsumi, K., additional, Tsuyuguchi, Y., additional, Uchihori, Y., additional, Udo, S., additional, Ukai, H., additional, Urban, F., additional, Vasiloff, G., additional, Wada, Y., additional, Wong, T., additional, Yamakawa, Y., additional, Yamane, R., additional, Yamaoka, H., additional, Yamazaki, K., additional, Yang, J., additional, Yoneda, Y., additional, Yoshida, S., additional, Yoshii, H., additional, Zhou, X., additional, Zollinger, R., additional, and Zundel, Z., additional

Published
2013
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17. THE COSMIC-RAY ENERGY SPECTRUM OBSERVED WITH THE SURFACE DETECTOR OF THE TELESCOPE ARRAY EXPERIMENT

Author

Abu-Zayyad, T., primary, Aida, R., additional, Allen, M., additional, Anderson, R., additional, Azuma, R., additional, Barcikowski, E., additional, Belz, J. W., additional, Bergman, D. R., additional, Blake, S. A., additional, Cady, R., additional, Cheon, B. G., additional, Chiba, J., additional, Chikawa, M., additional, Cho, E. J., additional, Cho, W. R., additional, Fujii, H., additional, Fujii, T., additional, Fukuda, T., additional, Fukushima, M., additional, Hanlon, W., additional, Hayashi, K., additional, Hayashi, Y., additional, Hayashida, N., additional, Hibino, K., additional, Hiyama, K., additional, Honda, K., additional, Iguchi, T., additional, Ikeda, D., additional, Ikuta, K., additional, Inoue, N., additional, Ishii, T., additional, Ishimori, R., additional, Ivanov, D., additional, Iwamoto, S., additional, Jui, C. C. H., additional, Kadota, K., additional, Kakimoto, F., additional, Kalashev, O., additional, Kanbe, T., additional, Kasahara, K., additional, Kawai, H., additional, Kawakami, S., additional, Kawana, S., additional, Kido, E., additional, Kim, H. B., additional, Kim, H. K., additional, Kim, J. H., additional, Kitamoto, K., additional, Kitamura, S., additional, Kitamura, Y., additional, Kobayashi, K., additional, Kobayashi, Y., additional, Kondo, Y., additional, Kuramoto, K., additional, Kuzmin, V., additional, Kwon, Y. J., additional, Lan, J., additional, Lim, S. I., additional, Machida, S., additional, Martens, K., additional, Matsuda, T., additional, Matsuura, T., additional, Matsuyama, T., additional, Matthews, J. N., additional, Minamino, M., additional, Miyata, K., additional, Murano, Y., additional, Myers, I., additional, Nagasawa, K., additional, Nagataki, S., additional, Nakamura, T., additional, Nam, S. W., additional, Nonaka, T., additional, Ogio, S., additional, Ohnishi, M., additional, Ohoka, H., additional, Oki, K., additional, Oku, D., additional, Okuda, T., additional, Oshima, A., additional, Ozawa, S., additional, Park, I. H., additional, Pshirkov, M. S., additional, Rodriguez, D. C., additional, Roh, S. Y., additional, Rubtsov, G., additional, Ryu, D., additional, Sagawa, H., additional, Sakurai, N., additional, Sampson, A. L., additional, Scott, L. M., additional, Shah, P. D., additional, Shibata, F., additional, Shibata, T., additional, Shimodaira, H., additional, Shin, B. K., additional, Shin, J. I., additional, Shirahama, T., additional, Smith, J. D., additional, Sokolsky, P., additional, Stokes, B. T., additional, Stratton, S. R., additional, Stroman, T., additional, Suzuki, S., additional, Takahashi, Y., additional, Takeda, M., additional, Taketa, A., additional, Takita, M., additional, Tameda, Y., additional, Tanaka, H., additional, Tanaka, K., additional, Tanaka, M., additional, Thomas, S. B., additional, Thomson, G. B., additional, Tinyakov, P., additional, Tkachev, I., additional, Tokuno, H., additional, Tomida, T., additional, Troitsky, S., additional, Tsunesada, Y., additional, Tsutsumi, K., additional, Tsuyuguchi, Y., additional, Uchihori, Y., additional, Udo, S., additional, Ukai, H., additional, Vasiloff, G., additional, Wada, Y., additional, Wong, T., additional, Wood, M., additional, Yamakawa, Y., additional, Yamane, R., additional, Yamaoka, H., additional, Yamazaki, K., additional, Yang, J., additional, Yoneda, Y., additional, Yoshida, S., additional, Yoshii, H., additional, Zhou, X., additional, Zollinger, R., additional, and Zundel, Z., additional

Published
2013
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19. SEARCH FOR ANISOTROPY OF ULTRAHIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS WITH THE TELESCOPE ARRAY EXPERIMENT

Author

Abu-Zayyad, T., primary, Aida, R., additional, Allen, M., additional, Anderson, R., additional, Azuma, R., additional, Barcikowski, E., additional, Belz, J. W., additional, Bergman, D. R., additional, Blake, S. A., additional, Cady, R., additional, Cheon, B. G., additional, Chiba, J., additional, Chikawa, M., additional, Cho, E. J., additional, Cho, W. R., additional, Fujii, H., additional, Fujii, T., additional, Fukuda, T., additional, Fukushima, M., additional, Hanlon, W., additional, Hayashi, K., additional, Hayashi, Y., additional, Hayashida, N., additional, Hibino, K., additional, Hiyama, K., additional, Honda, K., additional, Iguchi, T., additional, Ikeda, D., additional, Ikuta, K., additional, Inoue, N., additional, Ishii, T., additional, Ishimori, R., additional, Ivanov, D., additional, Iwamoto, S., additional, Jui, C. C. H., additional, Kadota, K., additional, Kakimoto, F., additional, Kalashev, O., additional, Kanbe, T., additional, Kasahara, K., additional, Kawai, H., additional, Kawakami, S., additional, Kawana, S., additional, Kido, E., additional, Kim, H. B., additional, Kim, H. K., additional, Kim, J. H., additional, Kitamoto, K., additional, Kitamura, S., additional, Kitamura, Y., additional, Kobayashi, K., additional, Kobayashi, Y., additional, Kondo, Y., additional, Kuramoto, K., additional, Kuzmin, V., additional, Kwon, Y. J., additional, Lim, S. I., additional, Machida, S., additional, Martens, K., additional, Martineau, J., additional, Matsuda, T., additional, Matsuura, T., additional, Matsuyama, T., additional, Matthews, J. N., additional, Minamino, M., additional, Miyata, K., additional, Murano, Y., additional, Myers, I., additional, Nagasawa, K., additional, Nagataki, S., additional, Nakamura, T., additional, Nam, S. W., additional, Nonaka, T., additional, Ogio, S., additional, Ohnishi, M., additional, Ohoka, H., additional, Oki, K., additional, Oku, D., additional, Okuda, T., additional, Oshima, A., additional, Ozawa, S., additional, Park, I. H., additional, Pshirkov, M. S., additional, Rodriguez, D. C., additional, Roh, S. Y., additional, Rubtsov, G., additional, Ryu, D., additional, Sagawa, H., additional, Sakurai, N., additional, Sampson, A. L., additional, Scott, L. M., additional, Shah, P. D., additional, Shibata, F., additional, Shibata, T., additional, Shimodaira, H., additional, Shin, B. K., additional, Shin, J. I., additional, Shirahama, T., additional, Smith, J. D., additional, Sokolsky, P., additional, Sonley, T. J., additional, Springer, R. W., additional, Stokes, B. T., additional, Stratton, S. R., additional, Stroman, T., additional, Suzuki, S., additional, Takahashi, Y., additional, Takeda, M., additional, Taketa, A., additional, Takita, M., additional, Tameda, Y., additional, Tanaka, H., additional, Tanaka, K., additional, Tanaka, M., additional, Thomas, S. B., additional, Thomson, G. B., additional, Tinyakov, P., additional, Tkachev, I., additional, Tokuno, H., additional, Tomida, T., additional, Troitsky, S., additional, Tsunesada, Y., additional, Tsutsumi, K., additional, Tsuyuguchi, Y., additional, Uchihori, Y., additional, Udo, S., additional, Ukai, H., additional, Vasiloff, G., additional, Wada, Y., additional, Wong, T., additional, Wood, M., additional, Yamakawa, Y., additional, Yamane, R., additional, Yamaoka, H., additional, Yamazaki, K., additional, Yang, J., additional, Yoneda, Y., additional, Yoshida, S., additional, Yoshii, H., additional, Zhou, X., additional, Zollinger, R., additional, and Zundel, Z., additional

Published
2012
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20. Lack of effects of atomic bomb radiation on genetic instability of tandem-repetitive elements in human germ cells

Author

Kodaira, M, Satoh, C, Hiyama, K, and Toyama, K

Subjects
Research Article
Abstract

In a pilot study to detect the potential effects of atomic bomb radiation on germ-line instability, we screened 64 children from 50 exposed families and 60 from 50 control families for mutations at six minisatellite loci by using Southern blot analysis with Pc-1, lambda TM-18, ChdTC-15, p lambda 3, lambda MS-1, and CEB-1 probes. In the exposed families, one or both parents received a radiation dose > 0.01 Sv. Among the 64 children, only one child had parents who were both exposed. Thus, of a total of 128 gametes that produced the 64 children, 65 gametes were derived from exposed parents and 63 were from unexposed parents, the latter being included in a group of 183 unexposed gametes used for calculating mutation rates. The average parental gonadal dose for the 65 gametes was 1.9 Sv. We detected a total of 28 mutations at the p lambda g3, lambda MS-1, and CEB-1 loci, but no mutations at the Pc-1, lambda TM-18, and ChdTC-15 loci. We detected 6 mutations in 390 alleles of the 65 exposed gametes and 22 mutations in 1098 alleles of the 183 gametes from the unexposed parents. The mean mutation rate per locus per gamete in these six minisatellite loci was 1.5% in the exposed parents and 2.0% in the unexposed parents. We observed no significant difference in mutation rates in the children of the exposed and the unexposed parents (P = .37, Fisher's exact probability test).

Published
1995

21. The Status of the Telescope Array experiment

Author

Tokuno, H, primary, Abu-Zayyad, T, additional, Aida, R, additional, Allen, M, additional, Azuma, R, additional, Barcikowski, E, additional, Belz, J W, additional, Benno, T, additional, Bergman, D R, additional, Blake, S A, additional, Brusova, O, additional, Cady, R, additional, Cheon, B G, additional, Chiba, J, additional, Chikawa, M, additional, Cho, E J, additional, Cho, L S, additional, Cho, W R, additional, Cohen, F, additional, Doura, K, additional, Ebeling, C, additional, Fujii, H, additional, Fujii, T, additional, Fukuda, T, additional, Fukushima, M, additional, Gorbunov, D, additional, Hanlon, W, additional, Hayashi, K, additional, Hayashi, Y, additional, Hayashida, N, additional, Hibino, K, additional, Hiyama, K, additional, Honda, K, additional, Hughes, G, additional, Iguchi, T, additional, Ikeda, D, additional, Ikuta, K, additional, Innemee, S J J, additional, Inoue, N, additional, Ishii, T, additional, Ishimori, R, additional, Ivanov, D, additional, Iwamoto, S, additional, Jui, C C H, additional, Kadota, K, additional, Kakimoto, F, additional, Kalashev, O, additional, Kanbe, T, additional, Kang, H, additional, Kasahara, K, additional, Kawai, H, additional, Kawakami, S, additional, Kawana, S, additional, Kido, E, additional, Kim, B G, additional, Kim, H B, additional, Kim, J H, additional, Kitsugi, A, additional, Kobayashi, K, additional, Koers, H, additional, Kondo, Y, additional, Kuzmin, V, additional, Kwon, Y J, additional, Lim, J H, additional, Lim, S I, additional, Machida, S, additional, Martens, K, additional, Martineau, J, additional, Matsuda, T, additional, Matsuyama, T, additional, Matthews, J N, additional, Minamino, M, additional, Miyata, K, additional, Miyauchi, H, additional, Murano, Y, additional, Nakamura, T, additional, Nam, S W, additional, Nonaka, T, additional, Ogio, S, additional, Ohnishi, M, additional, Ohoka, H, additional, Okuda, T, additional, Oshima, A, additional, Ozawa, S, additional, Park, I H, additional, Rodriguez, D, additional, Roh, S Y, additional, Rubtsov, G, additional, Ryu, D, additional, Sagawa, H, additional, Sakurai, N, additional, Scott, L M, additional, Shah, P D, additional, Shibata, T, additional, Shimodaira, H, additional, Shin, B K, additional, Smith, J D, additional, Sokolsky, P, additional, Sonley, T J, additional, Springer, R W, additional, Stokes, B T, additional, Stratton, S R, additional, Suzuki, S, additional, Takahashi, Y, additional, Takeda, M, additional, Taketa, A, additional, Takita, M, additional, Tameda, Y, additional, Tanaka, H, additional, Tanaka, K, additional, Tanaka, M, additional, Thomas, J R, additional, Thomas, S B, additional, Thomson, G B, additional, Tinyakov, P, additional, Tkachev, I, additional, Tomida, T, additional, Torii, R, additional, Troitsky, S, additional, Tsunesada, Y, additional, Tsuyuguchi, Y, additional, Uchihori, Y, additional, Udo, S, additional, Ukai, H, additional, VanKlaveren, B, additional, Wada, Y, additional, Wood, M, additional, Yamakawa, T, additional, Yamakawa, Y, additional, Yamaoka, H, additional, Yang, J, additional, Yoshida, S, additional, Yoshii, H, additional, and Zundel, Z, additional

Published
2011
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22. The Telescope Array experiment: status and prospects

Author

Tokuno, H, primary, Abbasi, R U, additional, Abu-Zayyad, T, additional, Azuma, R, additional, Belz, J W, additional, Benno, T, additional, Bergman, D R, additional, Blake, S A, additional, Brusova, O, additional, Cady, R, additional, Cao, Z, additional, Cheon, B G, additional, Chiba, J, additional, Chikawa, M, additional, Cho, I S, additional, Chung, T, additional, Cohen, F, additional, Doura, K, additional, Doyle, T, additional, Endo, A, additional, Fujii, H, additional, Fukuda, T, additional, Fukushima, M, additional, Hayashi, Y, additional, Hayashi, K, additional, Hayashida, N, additional, Hibino, K, additional, Hiyama, K, additional, Honda, K, additional, Huentemeyer, P, additional, Hughes, G A, additional, Iguchi, T, additional, Ikeda, D, additional, Ikuta, K, additional, Inoue, N, additional, Ishii, T, additional, Jui, C C H, additional, Kadota, K, additional, Kakimoto, F, additional, Kanbe, T, additional, Kasahara, K, additional, Kawai, H, additional, Kawakami, S, additional, Kawana, S, additional, Kido, E, additional, Kondo, Y, additional, Kwon, Y J, additional, Machida, S, additional, Martens, K, additional, Matsuda, T, additional, Matsuyama, T, additional, Matthews, J A J, additional, Matthews, J N, additional, Minamino, M, additional, Miyata, K, additional, Mostafa, M, additional, Murano, Y, additional, Nakamura, T, additional, Nam, S, additional, Nonaka, T, additional, Ogio, S, additional, Oh, S, additional, Ohnishi, M, additional, Ohoka, H, additional, Ohshima, A, additional, Okuda, T, additional, Ormes, J, additional, Ozawa, S, additional, Park, I H, additional, Park, J H, additional, Rodriguez, D, additional, Sagawa, H, additional, Sakurai, N, additional, Scott, L M, additional, Shibata, T, additional, Shimizu, N, additional, Shimodaira, H, additional, Sinnis, G, additional, Smith, J D, additional, Sokolsky, P, additional, Springer, R W, additional, Stratton, S R, additional, Suzuki, S, additional, Takeda, M, additional, Taketa, A, additional, Takita, M, additional, Tameda, Y, additional, Tanaka, K, additional, Tanaka, M, additional, Tanaka, H, additional, Taylor, M J, additional, Teshima, M, additional, Thomas, J R, additional, Thomas, S B, additional, Thomson, G B, additional, Tomida, T, additional, Torii, R, additional, Tsunesada, Y, additional, Uchihori, Y, additional, Udo, S, additional, Unno, Y, additional, Wada, Y, additional, Wickwar, V B, additional, Wiencke, L R, additional, Wilkerson, T D, additional, Yamakawa, Y, additional, Yamaoka, H, additional, Yang, J, additional, Yoshida, S, additional, Yoshii, H, additional, and Yun, Y H, additional

Published
2008
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24. Coupling 3D Transient Pollutant Transport in a Room into a Flow Network Model with Concentration Response Factor Method.

Author

Hiyama, K., Ishida, Y., and Kato, S.

Subjects
*COUPLINGS (Gearing), *UNSTEADY flow (Aerodynamics), *POLLUTANTS, *AIR pollution, *FLOW meters
Abstract

In general, buildings are composed of multiple rooms, and the structure of air flow might be regarded as a network. In this study, we develop a model that couples three-dimensional transient pollutant transport in a room into a flow network model, with the aim of calculating the three-dimensional transient concentration transition in a building composed of multiple rooms. In the coupling model, the air transports between each room are calculated using a flow network model. The three- dimensional transient pollutant transports between each element (e.g., contaminant generation point, opening, air outlet, and air inlet) are calculated using a method based on the response factor. Here we present the calculation method as well as examples of the simulation, and report on the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008

30. Re: Telomerase Activity in Human Breast Tumors

Author

HIYAMA, E., primary, GOLLAHON, L., additional, KATAOKA, T., additional, KUROI, K., additional, YOKOYAMA, T., additional, GAZDAR, A. F., additional, HIYAMA, K., additional, PLATYSZEK, M. A., additional, and SHAY, J. W., additional

Published
1996
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32. Telomerase Activity in Human Breast Tumors

Author

Hiyama, E., primary, Gollahon, L., additional, Kataoka, T., additional, Kuroi, K., additional, Yokoyama, T., additional, Gazdar, A. F., additional, Hiyama, K., additional, Piatyszek, M. A., additional, and Shay, J. W., additional

Published
1996
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37. Genetic susceptibility to COPD.

Author

RUSE, C., PARKER, S. G., BURTON, P., WARDLAW, A., YIM, J-J., PARK, G. Y., HAN, S. K., SHIM, Y-S., YOO, C-G., YOSHIKAWA, M., HIYAMA, K., ISHIOKA, S., MAEDA, H., MAEDA, A., BUDHI, A., YAMAKIDO, M., LEE, C-T., and KIM, Y. W.

Published
2000

38. Impact of Attached File Formats on the Performance of ChatGPT-4 on the Japanese National Nursing Examination: Evaluation Study.

Author

Taira K, Itaya T, Yada S, Hiyama K, and Hanada A

Subjects
Japan, Humans, Education, Nursing, Artificial Intelligence, East Asian People, Educational Measurement methods
Abstract

Unlabelled: This research letter discusses the impact of different file formats on ChatGPT-4's performance on the Japanese National Nursing Examination, highlighting the need for standardized reporting protocols to enhance the integration of artificial intelligence in nursing education and practice., (© Kazuya Taira, Takahiro Itaya, Shuntaro Yada, Kirara Hiyama, Ayame Hanada. Originally published in JMIR Nursing (https://nursing.jmir.org).)

Published
2025
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39. Infectious virus shedding duration reflects secretory IgA antibody response latency after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Author

Miyamoto S, Nishiyama T, Ueno A, Park H, Kanno T, Nakamura N, Ozono S, Aihara K, Takahashi K, Tsuchihashi Y, Ishikane M, Arashiro T, Saito S, Ainai A, Hirata Y, Iida S, Katano H, Tobiume M, Tokunaga K, Fujimoto T, Suzuki M, Nagashima M, Nakagawa H, Narita M, Kato Y, Igari H, Fujita K, Kato T, Hiyama K, Shindou K, Adachi T, Fukushima K, Nakamura-Uchiyama F, Hase R, Yoshimura Y, Yamato M, Nozaki Y, Ohmagari N, Suzuki M, Saito T, Iwami S, and Suzuki T

Subjects
Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Virus Shedding, Antibody Formation, Reaction Time, Antibodies, Viral, RNA, Viral, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin A, Secretory, COVID-19
Abstract

Infectious virus shedding from individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is used to estimate human-to-human transmission risk. Control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission requires identifying the immune correlates that protect infectious virus shedding. Mucosal immunity prevents infection by SARS-CoV-2, which replicates in the respiratory epithelium and spreads rapidly to other hosts. However, whether mucosal immunity prevents the shedding of the infectious virus in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals is unknown. We examined the relationship between viral RNA shedding dynamics, duration of infectious virus shedding, and mucosal antibody responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Anti-spike secretory IgA antibodies (S-IgA) reduced viral RNA load and infectivity more than anti-spike IgG/IgA antibodies in infected nasopharyngeal samples. Compared with the IgG/IgA response, the anti-spike S-IgA post-infection responses affected the viral RNA shedding dynamics and predicted the duration of infectious virus shedding regardless of the immune history. These findings highlight the importance of anti-spike S-IgA responses in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 for preventing infectious virus shedding and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Developing medical countermeasures to shorten S-IgA response time may help control human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection and prevent future respiratory virus pandemics., Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing interest.

Published
2023
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40. The relation between vaccination status and referral to a consultation-liaison psychiatry service for hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Author

Nishihara T, Shibata M, Ohashi A, Hiyama K, Yamashita T, Kuroiwa M, and Sudo N

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have shown that patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are likely to be affected by delirium and other psychiatric complications. We aimed to evaluate the relation between COVID-19 vaccination status and referral of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 for consultation-liaison psychiatry services., Method: From the medical records used for this retrospective, single hospital-based study, 576 patients were identified who were over 18 years-of-age and hospitalized with a diagnosis of COVID-19 between March 2020 and March 2022. The data of 531 for whom the vaccine history was obtained from the medical records were available for analysis: 455 without and 76 with referral to consultation-liaison psychiatry. A history of COVID-19 vaccination at least two times was used in the analysis of the odds for referral to liaison psychiatric consultation: 95% confidence interval (CI) in multivariable logistic regression. The adjustment factors included sex, age, body mass index (BMI), severity of COVID-19, C-reactive protein level, medical history, and therapeutic factors such as the use of remdesivir, steroids, or mechanical ventilation., Results: The prevalence of psychiatric consultation was 14.3%. Patients without vaccination had a 7-times greater OR (95%CI:2.08-23.58) than vaccinated patients for a referral for consultation-liaison psychiatry services after adjusting for confounding factors., Conclusion: Non-vaccination was associated with a greater likelihood of referral for consultation-liaison psychiatry service among these hospitalized Japanese patients with COVID-19, even after adjusting for clinical and therapeutic factors. It is possible that vaccination greatly lessens the need for the referral of COVID-19 patients for consultation-liaison psychiatry services., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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41. Effective treatment of gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma with nivolumab.

Author

Kanda S, Hiyama K, Kirino I, Fukui Y, and Terashima H

Abstract

An 89-year-old patient with gallbladder neuroendocrine neoplasms (GB-NENs) and lung cancer metastasis underwent nivolumab monotherapy, resulting in tumor shrinkage. Surgery and adjuvant nivolumab showed efficiency despite low expression of PD-L1., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest and that there are no relevant financial disclosures to report., (© 2023 The Authors. Clinical Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2023
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42. A case of bladder and pelvic dead space inflammation successfully treated with endoscopic ultrasound drainage.

Author

Hiyama K, Kirino I, and Fukui Y

Abstract

Key Clinical Message: Interventional endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is effective not only for biopsy, but also for abscess drainage. We report the first use of EUS to drain inflammation of the bladder and pelvic dead space through the ileal conduit. EUS-guided drainage is effective in treating postoperative abscesses and should be employed more routinely., Abstract: The patient was a 77-year-old man with a vesicoureteral fistula. An ileal conduit was placed after abdominoperineal resection and partial bladder resection for local, postoperative recurrence of rectal cancer. During postoperative chemotherapy, the patient developed a high-grade fever and after a thorough examination, he was diagnosed with bladder and pelvic dead-space inflammation. All urine flowed through the ileal conduit, and it was assumed that secretions from the residual bladder and prostate gland had accumulated in the bladder and pelvic cavity, resulting in infection. A transcutaneous drain was inserted through the perineum and the infection was controlled, but it flared up again after the drain was removed. We concluded that long-term drainage was necessary and successfully controlled the infection by placing a plastic stent through the ileal conduit into the bladder and pelvic dead space under ultrasound endoscopy. This is the first report of ultrasound endoscopic drainage of an abscess through the ileal conduit., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest and that there are no relevant financial disclosures to report., (© 2023 The Authors. Clinical Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2023
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44. The first case of splenic flexure volvulus treated with reduced port surgery using single-incision laparoscopy.

Author

Mori T, Kitagawa K, Yoshida S, Hiyama K, Oota K, and Sasaki A

Abstract

Introduction: Splenic flexure volvulus (SFV) is a rare disease. We encountered a case of SFV, caused by congenital anomalies and persistent constipation., Case Presentation: A 43-year-old woman with a 35-year history of persistent constipation presented to the emergency department with acute lower abdominal pain. She had no past surgical history, and her vital signs were stable. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) scan confirmed the SFV diagnosis. We initially performed endoscopic repositioning. To prevent recurrence, a laparoscopic left hemicolectomy was then carried out using reduced port surgery (RPS). She experienced no postoperative complications and was discharged seven days post-surgery., Discussion: While SFV is typically managed through endoscopic repositioning followed by definitive surgical intervention to prevent recurrence, we successfully employed RPS in this case. Patients with SFV might be prime candidates for RPS due to the non-attachment of the descending colon to the retroperitoneum. Additionally, since SFV is a benign condition that doesn't necessitate lymph node dissection, it aligns well with the capabilities of RPS. Postoperatively, the patient experienced improved constipation symptoms. We hypothesize that this SFV was a result of a combination of factors: intestinal over-length, chronic constipation, and the loose adhesion of the descending colon to the retroperitoneum., Conclusion: This case demonstrates that RPS can be efficacious in treating SFV., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest and that there are no relevant financial disclosures to report., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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45. Application of artificial neural network for natural ventilation schemes to control operable windows.

Author

Srisamranrungruang T and Hiyama K

Abstract

An artificial neural network (ANN) has been broadly developed as a design tool in various application scenarios in building sectors. One of the most important perspectives in building fields is human comfort. Various control strategies of natural ventilation schemes exist, to maintain good air quality in buildings. Nevertheless, this study presented a novel strategy by applying a simple ANN to predict the trends of indoor air temperature and determine the operation status of operable windows. Building simulations had been conducted to train, test, and validate the ANN model. The ANN model has one hidden layer and performs training using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The nodes in the hidden layer were varied to configure the best-fitting model. The best structure of the ANN model in this study is the model with one hidden layer and 20 nodes. This study compares the significance of adopting a data set between differential data with time series and raw data. The application of the differential data set exhibits better performance in predicting the indoor air temperature increase or decrease than that of the raw data. The prediction precision between the simulation and the ANN model when adopting the differential data is higher than that of raw data by 18%. This study discovered a new simple method and verified that a simple control strategy has been achieved by predicting the window operations using the increase or decrease in indoor temperatures via the ANN application., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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46. Ascending colon stenosis caused by repeated diverticulitis that clinically mimicked advanced colon cancer: A case report.

Author

Yoshida S, Hiyama K, Kirino I, Fukui Y, and Terashima H

Abstract

Introduction: We experienced a rare case of right-sided large bowl obstruction (LBO) of the colon caused by chronic diverticulitis, which was challenging to diagnose., Presentation of Case: A young male was admitted to our department with a fever, diarrhea, and right-sided lateral abdominal pain for several days. CT showed a thickened ascending colon wall with stenosis and adjacent retroperitoneal inflammation without marked diverticula. The next day, he developed severe abdominal pain, and perforation was suspected. We chose the "interval definitive surgery"; at that time, intestinal decompression and laparoscopic drainage. Colonoscopy showed an edematous membrane, but no cancerous lesions or diverticula. Hemi-colectomy was performed after 10 days' nutritional therapy. No postoperative complication occurred. The histopathology showed that the pathogenesis was chronic diverticulitis., Discussion: There have been few reported cases of right-sided LBO caused by diverticulitis, but it is important to be aware that benign disease, such as chronic diverticulitis, can cause LBO. Initial conservative therapy and nutritional therapy produced a correct diagnosis and good outcomes., Conclusion: Performing "interval surgery" allowed us to make an accurate diagnosis and may help to prevent surgical complications in rare cases of right-sided LBO due to diverticulitis., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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47. Compassion fatigue in a health care worker treating COVID-19 patients: a case report.

Author

Nishihara T, Ohashi A, Nakashima Y, Yamashita T, Hiyama K, and Kuroiwa M

Abstract

Background: Doctors treating COVID-19 are under extreme stress. It was reported that healthcare workers providing palliative care could present elevated levels of compassion fatigue. We herein report a case if the attending doctor of severe COVID-19 cases who felt extreme psychological difficulty and suffered from compassion fatigue., Case Presentation: A 29-year-old female doctor presented with anxiety and insomnia. Her stress from overwork was exacerbated during the treatment of two related COVID-19 patients, a 47-year-old man with COVID-19 and his 76-year-old mother, who suffered acute stress disorder after the death of her son. The mother first refused treatment, but with psychiatric intervention she was able to recover and be discharged. In the course of these cases of COVID-19, their attending physician felt psychological distress and presented with insomnia and anticipatory anxiety due to the poor prognosis of the mother. After being presented with a systematic approach to improve her work situation by the hospital executive staff and undergoing psychotherapy for compassion fatigue, she recovered and was able to return to work., Conclusions: We report a physician in charge of severe cases of COVID-19, who suffered an adverse impact on her mental health. Excessively empathic engagement in the care of patients who do not survive and their relatives provides high risk for compassion fatigue. The stress-related distress of HCWs should be more widely recognized in order to improve support systems for them., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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48. Two cases of splenic neoplasms with differing imaging findings that required laparoscopic resection for a definitive diagnosis.

Author

Hiyama K, Kirino I, Fukui Y, and Terashima H

Abstract

Introduction and Importance: Splenic tumors are rare and are sometimes found incidentally. In such cases, laboratory tests and imaging studies should be performed based on the diagnostic algorithm to determine whether the tumor is benign or malignant. However, we clinicians sometimes encounter challenging cases. Herein we experienced two challenging cases of splenic tumor which we could not correctly diagnosis preoperatively., Case Presentation: Case 1: A female in her 80s presented to our surgical department to undergo follow-up examinations for Stage IIIa ascending colon cancer. A follow-up CT scan showed marked enlargement of the splenic tumor which suggested metastatic cancer. We performed laparoscopic splenectomy. Case 2: A healthy female in her 50s presented to our internal medicine department to undergo a workup after multiple splenic tumors. A follow-up CT scan showed that the tumors had grown slightly. We could not completely rule out a malignant tumor. She rejected further follow-up study and chose splenectomy., Clinical Discussion: We experienced two cases of splenic hemangioma with different clinical presentations and imaging findings. Although some studies have reported that biopsying a splenic tumor is a safe and effective way of distinguishing among splenic tumors, in our country splenic biopsies are seldom performed due to fears of causing intraabdominal bleeding or tumor dissemination. Clinicians should consider whether it would be better to perform follow up with a biopsy or splenectomy as a definitive treatment on a case-by-case basis., Conclusion: Laparoscopic splenectomy can be used for definitive management in cases involving malignancy or an uncertain etiology., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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49. Pyridoxine Has a Potential to Prevent the Appearance of Pigmented Spots: Effects on the Phagocytosis and Differentiation of Keratinocytes.

Author

Katsuyama Y, Hiyama K, Sawamura A, Kawase I, Okano Y, and Masaki H

Subjects
Antioxidants metabolism, Antioxidants pharmacology, Humans, Keratinocytes, Oxidative Stress, Phagocytosis, Skin Pigmentation, Ultraviolet Rays, NF-E2-Related Factor 2 metabolism, Pyridoxine metabolism, Pyridoxine pharmacology
Abstract

Pyridoxine (VB 6 ) is a vitamin that is essential to maintain the homeostasis of the human body by contributing to various metabolic reactions. In the skin, although some studies have shown that VB 6 is involved in regulating homeostasis through the attenuation of intracellular oxidative stress, there are few reports regarding the effects of VB 6 on the prevention or improvement of skin aging. Thus, we conducted this study to determine the potential anti-skin pigmentation effect of VB 6 focusing on the phagocytosis of melanosomes (MSs) by keratinocytes. The phagocytosis of MSs by keratinocytes is activated by oxidative stress and is an important factor of skin pigmentation and the eventual appearance of pigmented spots. First, we confirmed the antioxidant property of VB 6 that enhanced the expression of several intracellular antioxidants via nuclear erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Although the incorporation of fluorescent beads (FBs), which are used as pseudo-MSs, into keratinocytes was increased under higher oxidation conditions caused by UVB and by the depletion of intracellular glutathione, treatment with VB 6 suppressed the increased incorporation of FBs into those keratinocytes via Nrf2 activation. Furthermore, VB 6 restored the decreased expression of differentiation marker proteins in keratinocytes caused by FB incorporation. Taken together, the results show that VB 6 has the potential to prevent the appearance of pigmented spots by suppressing the activation of phagocytosis in keratinocytes caused by oxidative stress, and by restoring the differentiation of keratinocytes disrupted by FB incorporation.

Published
2022
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50. Effects of different surgical procedures for meniscus injury on two-year clinical and radiological outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. -TMDU MAKS study.

Author

Hoshino T, Nakagawa Y, Inomata K, Ohara T, Katagiri H, Otabe K, Hiyama K, Katagiri K, Katakura M, Ueki H, Hayashi M, Nagase T, Sekiya I, Ogiuchi T, Muneta T, and Koga H

Subjects
Cohort Studies, Humans, Menisci, Tibial diagnostic imaging, Menisci, Tibial surgery, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries diagnostic imaging, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries surgery, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Meniscus
Abstract

Background: The treatment of meniscus injuries combined with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction would be important to improve outcomes after ACL reconstruction. However, the effects of treatment methods for meniscus after ACL reconstruction have not been thoroughly investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of treatment methods for meniscus on clinical and radiological outcomes at 2 years after ACL reconstruction., Methods: Three-hundred and eighteen patients with primary ACL reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendon registered in our multicenter study database and who were followed up for 2 years were included. They were then divided into 3 groups, the no meniscal lesion/untreated group (n = 149), the meniscal repair group (n = 139), and the meniscal resection group (n = 30). Patient-based subjective evaluations (Lysholm score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome score and International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score), objective evaluations (Lachman test, pivot shift test and KT measurement), and radiological measurements (medial and lateral joint space width) were compared among the 3 groups preoperatively and at 2 years follow-up., Results: All subjective scores and objective evaluations significantly improved in all groups without significant differences among the groups postoperatively. Regarding radiological findings, the medial joint space width significantly decreased only in the resection group during the 2-year period, and the medial joint space width in the resection group was significantly smaller than that of the other groups at the 2-year follow-up. Moreover, the medial joint space width significantly decreased during the 2-year period when MM was resected., Conclusions: In radiological findings, medial meniscus resection decreased medial joint space width two years after ACL reconstruction. On the other hand, treatment methods for meniscus neither significantly affected subjective nor objective findings until the 2-year follow-up., Level of Evidence: Ⅱ, Cohort study., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have nothing to declare competing interests., (Copyright © 2020 The Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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