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1. Searching for long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider

Author

Alimena, Juliette, Beacham, James, Borsato, Martino, Cheng, Yangyang, Vidal, Xabier Cid, Cottin, Giovanna, Curtin, David, De Roeck, Albert, Desai, Nishita, Evans, Jared A, Knapen, Simon, Kraml, Sabine, Lessa, Andre, Liu, Zhen, Mehlhase, Sascha, Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J, Russell, Heather, Shelton, Jessie, Shuve, Brian, Verducci, Monica, Zurita, Jose, Adams, Todd, Adersberger, Michael, Alpigiani, Cristiano, Apresyan, Artur, Bainbridge, Robert John, Batozskaya, Varvara, Beauchesne, Hugues, Benato, Lisa, Berlendis, S, Bhal, Eshwen, Blekman, Freya, Borovilou, Christina, Boyd, Jamie, Brau, Benjamin P, Bryngemark, Lene, Buchmueller, Oliver, Buschmann, Malte, Buttinger, William, Campanelli, Mario, Cesarotti, Cari, Chen, Chunhui, Cheng, Hsin-Chia, Cheong, Sanha, Citron, Matthew, Coccaro, Andrea, Coco, V, Conte, Eric, Cormier, Flix, Corpe, Louie D, Craig, Nathaniel, Cui, Yanou, DallOcco, Elena, Dallapiccola, C, Darwish, MR, Davoli, Alessandro, de Cosa, Annapaola, De Simone, Andrea, Delle Rose, Luigi, Deppisch, Frank F, Dey, Biplab, Diamond, Miriam D, Dienes, Keith R, Dildick, Sven, Dbrich, Babette, Drewes, Marco, Eich, Melanie, ElSawy, M, del Valle, Alberto Escalante, Facini, Gabriel, Farina, Marco, Feng, Jonathan L, Fischer, Oliver, Flaecher, HU, Foldenauer, Patrick, Freytsis, Marat, Fuks, Benjamin, Galon, Iftah, Gershtein, Yuri, Giagu, Stefano, Giammanco, Andrea, Gligorov, Vladimir V, Golling, Tobias, Grancagnolo, Sergio, Gustavino, Giuliano, Haas, Andrew, Hahn, Kristian, Hajer, Jan, Hammad, Ahmed, Heinrich, Lukas, Heisig, Jan, Helo, JC, Hesketh, Gavin, Hill, Christopher S, Hirsch, Martin, Hohlmann, M, Holmes, Tova, Hulsbergen, W, Huth, John, and Ilten, Philip

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, beyond the Standard Model, long-lived particles, Large Hadron Collider, high-luminosity LHC, collider phenomenology, high-energy collider experiments, hep-ex, hep-ph, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

Particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) can generically have lifetimes that are long compared to SM particles at the weak scale. When produced at experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, these long-lived particles (LLPs) can decay far from the interaction vertex of the primary proton-proton collision. Such LLP signatures are distinct from those of promptly decaying particles that are targeted by the majority of searches for new physics at the LHC, often requiring customized techniques to identify, for example, significantly displaced decay vertices, tracks with atypical properties, and short track segments. Given their non-standard nature, a comprehensive overview of LLP signatures at the LHC is beneficial to ensure that possible avenues of the discovery of new physics are not overlooked. Here we report on the joint work of a community of theorists and experimentalists with the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments-as well as those working on dedicated experiments such as MoEDAL, milliQan, MATHUSLA, CODEX-b, and FASER-to survey the current state of LLP searches at the LHC, and to chart a path for the development of LLP searches into the future, both in the upcoming Run 3 and at the high-luminosity LHC. The work is organized around the current and future potential capabilities of LHC experiments to generally discover new LLPs, and takes a signature-based approach to surveying classes of models that give rise to LLPs rather than emphasizing any particular theory motivation. We develop a set of simplified models; assess the coverage of current searches; document known, often unexpected backgrounds; explore the capabilities of proposed detector upgrades; provide recommendations for the presentation of search results; and look towards the newest frontiers, namely high-multiplicity 'dark showers', highlighting opportunities for expanding the LHC reach for these signals.

Published
2020

2. Searching for long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider

Author

Alimena, J, Beacham, J, Borsato, M, Cheng, Y, Vidal, XC, Cottin, G, Curtin, D, De Roeck, A, Desai, N, Evans, JA, Knapen, S, Kraml, S, Lessa, A, Liu, Z, Mehlhase, S, Ramsey-Musolf, MJ, Russell, H, Shelton, J, Shuve, B, Verducci, M, Zurita, J, Adams, T, Adersberger, M, Alpigiani, C, Apresyan, A, Bainbridge, RJ, Batozskaya, V, Beauchesne, H, Benato, L, Berlendis, S, Bhal, E, Blekman, F, Borovilou, C, Boyd, J, Brau, BP, Bryngemark, L, Buchmueller, O, Buschmann, M, Buttinger, W, Campanelli, M, Cesarotti, C, Chen, C, Cheng, HC, Cheong, S, Citron, M, Coccaro, A, Coco, V, Conte, E, Cormier, F, Corpe, LD, Craig, N, Cui, Y, Dall'occo, E, Dallapiccola, C, Darwish, MR, Davoli, A, Cosa, AD, De Simone, A, Rose, LD, Deppisch, FF, Dey, B, Diamond, MD, Dienes, KR, Dildick, S, Döbrich, B, Drewes, M, Eich, M, Elsawy, M, Valle, AED, Facini, G, Farina, M, Feng, JL, Fischer, O, Flaecher, HU, Foldenauer, P, Freytsis, M, Fuks, B, Galon, I, Gershtein, Y, Giagu, S, Giammanco, A, Gligorov, VV, Golling, T, Grancagnolo, S, Gustavino, G, Haas, A, Hahn, K, Hajer, J, Hammad, A, Heinrich, L, Heisig, J, Helo, JC, Hesketh, G, Hill, CS, Hirsch, M, Hohlmann, M, Holmes, T, Hulsbergen, W, Huth, J, and Ilten, P

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, hep-ex, beyond the Standard Model, collider phenomenology, Molecular, hep-ph, 530 Physik, Atomic, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Particle and Plasma Physics, high-luminosity LHC, Large Hadron Collider, high-energy collider experiments, Nuclear, ddc:530, long-lived particles
Abstract

Particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) can generically have lifetimes that are long compared to SM particles at the weak scale. When produced at experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, these long-lived particles (LLPs) can decay far from the interaction vertex of the primary proton–proton collision. Such LLP signatures are distinct from those of promptly decaying particles that are targeted by the majority of searches for new physics at the LHC, often requiring customized techniques to identify, for example, significantly displaced decay vertices, tracks with atypical properties, and short track segments. Given their non-standard nature, a comprehensive overview of LLP signatures at the LHC is beneficial to ensure that possible avenues of the discovery of new physics are not overlooked. Here we report on the joint work of a community of theorists and experimentalists with the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments—as well as those working on dedicated experiments such as MoEDAL, milliQan, MATHUSLA, CODEX-b, and FASER—to survey the current state of LLP searches at the LHC, and to chart a path for the development of LLP searches into the future, both in the upcoming Run 3 and at the high-luminosity LHC. The work is organized around the current and future potential capabilities of LHC experiments to generally discover new LLPs, and takes a signature-based approach to surveying classes of models that give rise to LLPs rather than emphasizing any particular theory motivation. We develop a set of simplified models; assess the coverage of current searches; document known, often unexpected backgrounds; explore the capabilities of proposed detector upgrades; provide recommendations for the presentation of search results; and look towards the newest frontiers, namely high-multiplicity ‘dark showers’, highlighting opportunities for expanding the LHC reach for these signals. European Cooperation in Science and Technologyhttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100000921 Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RShttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100004329 Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federationhttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100003443 Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológicohttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100002850 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschafthttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 Agence Nationale de la Recherchehttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100001665 Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galiciahttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100008425 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividadhttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 Simons Foundationhttps://doi.org/10.13039/100000893 National Science Foundationhttps://doi.org/10.13039/100000001 U.S. Department of Energyhttps://doi.org/10.13039/100000015 Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższegohttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100004569 Science and Technology Facilities Councilhttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100000271 Horizon 2020 Framework Programmehttps://doi.org/10.13039/100010661 Generalitat Valencianahttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100003359 Narodowe Centrum Naukihttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100004281 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwanhttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100004663 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulohttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100001807 Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschunghttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100001711

Published
2020

3. A facility to Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) at the CERN SPS

Author

Collaboration, S, Anelli, M, Aoki, S, Arduini, G, Back, JJ, Bagulya, A, Baldini, W, Baranov, A, Barker, GJ, Barsuk, S, Battistin, M, Bauche, J, Bay, A, Bayliss, V, Bellagamba, L, Bencivenni, G, Bertani, M, Bezshyyko, O, Bick, D, Bingefors, N, Blondel, A, Bogomilov, M, Boyarsky, A, Bonacorsi, D, Bondarenko, D, Bonivento, W, Borburgh, J, Bradshaw, T, Brenner, R, Breton, D, Brook, N, Bruschi, M, Buonaura, A, Buontempo, S, Cadeddu, S, Calcaterra, A, Calviani, M, Campanelli, M, Capoccia, C, Cecchetti, A, Chatterjee, A, Chauveau, J, Chepurnov, A, Chernyavskiy, M, Ciambrone, P, Cicalo, C, Conti, G, Cornelis, K, Courthold, M, Dallavalle, MG, D'Ambrosio, N, Lellis, GD, Serio, MD, Dedenko, L, Crescenzo, AD, Marco, ND, Dib, C, Dietrich, J, Dijkstra, H, Domenici, D, Donskov, S, Druzhkin, D, Ebert, J, Egede, U, Egorov, A, Egorychev, V, Alaoui, MAE, Enik, T, Etenko, A, Fabbri, F, Fabbri, L, Fedorova, G, Felici, G, Ferro-Luzzi, M, Fini, RA, Franke, M, Fraser, M, Galati, G, Giacobbe, B, Goddard, B, Golinka-Bezshyyko, L, Golubkov, D, Golutvin, A, Gorbunov, D, Graverini, E, Grenard, J-L, Guler, AM, Hagner, C, Hakobyan, H, Helo, JC, Herwijnen, EV, Horvath, D, Iacovacci, M, Iaselli, G, Jacobsson, R, Kadenko, I, Kamiscioglu, M, Kamiscioglu, C, Khaustov, G, Khotjansev, A, Kilminster, B, Kim, V, Kitagawa, N, Kodama, K, Kolesnikov, A, Kolev, D, Komatsu, M, Konovalova, N, Koretskiy, S, Korolko, I, Korzenev, A, Kovalenko, S, Kudenko, Y, Kuznetsova, E, Lacker, H, Lai, A, Lanfranchi, G, Lauria, A, Lebbolo, H, Levy, J-M, Lista, L, Loverre, P, Lukiashin, A, Lyubovitskij, VE, Malinin, A, Manfredi, M, Perillo-Marcone, A, Marrone, A, Matev, R, Messomo, EN, Mermod, P, Mikado, S, Mikhaylov, Y, Miller, J, Milstead, D, Mineev, O, Mingazheva, R, Mitselmakher, G, Miyanishi, M, Monacelli, P, Montanari, A, Montesi, MC, Morello, G, Morishima, K, Movtchan, S, Murzin, V, Naganawa, N, Naka, T, Nakamura, M, Nakano, T, Nurakhov, N, Obinyakov, B, Ocalan, K, Ogawa, S, Oreshkin, V, Orlov, A, Osborne, J, Pacholek, P, Panman, J, Paoloni, A, Paparella, L, Pastore, A, Patel, M, Petridis, K, Petrushin, M, Poli-Lener, M, Polukhina, N, Polyakov, V, Prokudin, M, Puddu, G, Pupilli, F, Rademakers, F, Rakai, A, Rawlings, T, Redi, F, Ricciardi, S, Rinaldesi, R, Roganova, T, Rogozhnikov, A, Rokujo, H, Romaniouk, A, Rosa, G, Rostovtseva, I, Rovelli, T, Ruchayskiy, O, Ruf, T, Saitta, G, Samoylenko, V, Samsonov, V, Ull, AS, Saputi, A, Sato, O, Schmidt-Parzefall, W, Serra, N, Sgobba, S, Shaposhnikov, M, Shatalov, P, Shaykhiev, A, Shchutska, L, Shevchenko, V, Shibuya, H, Shitov, Y, Silverstein, S, Simone, S, Skorokhvatov, M, Smirnov, S, Solodko, E, Sosnovtsev, V, Spighi, R, Spinetti, M, Starkov, N, Storaci, B, Strabel, C, Strolin, P, Takahashi, S, Teterin, P, Tioukov, V, Tommasini, D, Treille, D, Tsenov, R, Tshchedrina, T, Ustyuzhanin, A, Vannucci, F, Venturi, V, Villa, M, Vincke, H, Vladymyrov, M, Xella, S, Yalvac, M, Yershov, N, Yilmaz, D, Yilmazer, AU, Vankova-Kirilova, G, Zaitsev, Y, and Zoccoli, A

Subjects
neutrino/tau, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, hep-ex, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, new physics, dark matter: mass, lepton: flavor: violation, FOS: Physical sciences, WIMP: mass, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), CERN SPS, WIMP: dark matter, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), accelerator: proposed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, sparticle: long-lived, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, supersymmetry, Nuclear Experiment, physics.ins-det
Abstract

A new general purpose fixed target facility is proposed at the CERN SPS accelerator which is aimed at exploring the domain of hidden particles and make measurements with tau neutrinos. Hidden particles are predicted by a large number of models beyond the Standard Model. The high intensity of the SPS 400~GeV beam allows probing a wide variety of models containing light long-lived exotic particles with masses below ${\cal O}$(10)~GeV/c$^2$, including very weakly interacting low-energy SUSY states. The experimental programme of the proposed facility is capable of being extended in the future, e.g. to include direct searches for Dark Matter and Lepton Flavour Violation., Technical Proposal

4. Searching for long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider

Author

Juliette Alimena, James Beacham, Martino Borsato, Yangyang Cheng, Xabier Cid Vidal, Giovanna Cottin, David Curtin, Albert De Roeck, Nishita Desai, Jared A Evans, Simon Knapen, Sabine Kraml, Andre Lessa, Zhen Liu, Sascha Mehlhase, Michael J Ramsey-Musolf, Heather Russell, Jessie Shelton, Brian Shuve, Monica Verducci, Jose Zurita, Todd Adams, Michael Adersberger, Cristiano Alpigiani, Artur Apresyan, Robert John Bainbridge, Varvara Batozskaya, Hugues Beauchesne, Lisa Benato, S Berlendis, Eshwen Bhal, Freya Blekman, Christina Borovilou, Jamie Boyd, Benjamin P Brau, Lene Bryngemark, Oliver Buchmueller, Malte Buschmann, William Buttinger, Mario Campanelli, Cari Cesarotti, Chunhui Chen, Hsin-Chia Cheng, Sanha Cheong, Matthew Citron, Andrea Coccaro, V Coco, Eric Conte, Félix Cormier, Louie D Corpe, Nathaniel Craig, Yanou Cui, Elena Dall’Occo, C Dallapiccola, M R Darwish, Alessandro Davoli, Annapaola de Cosa, Andrea De Simone, Luigi Delle Rose, Frank F Deppisch, Biplab Dey, Miriam D Diamond, Keith R Dienes, Sven Dildick, Babette Döbrich, Marco Drewes, Melanie Eich, M ElSawy, Alberto Escalante del Valle, Gabriel Facini, Marco Farina, Jonathan L Feng, Oliver Fischer, H U Flaecher, Patrick Foldenauer, Marat Freytsis, Benjamin Fuks, Iftah Galon, Yuri Gershtein, Stefano Giagu, Andrea Giammanco, Vladimir V Gligorov, Tobias Golling, Sergio Grancagnolo, Giuliano Gustavino, Andrew Haas, Kristian Hahn, Jan Hajer, Ahmed Hammad, Lukas Heinrich, Jan Heisig, J C Helo, Gavin Hesketh, Christopher S Hill, Martin Hirsch, M Hohlmann, Tova Holmes, W Hulsbergen, John Huth, Philip Ilten, Thomas Jacques, Bodhitha Jayatilaka, Geng-Yuan Jeng, K A Johns, Toshiaki Kaji, Gregor Kasieczka, Yevgeny Kats, Malgorzata Kazana, Henning Keller, Maxim Yu Khlopov, Felix Kling, Ted R Kolberg, Igor Kostiuk, Emma Sian Kuwertz, Audrey Kvam, Greg Landsberg, Gaia Lanfranchi, Iñaki Lara, Alexander Ledovskoy, Dylan Linthorne, Jia Liu, Iacopo Longarini, Steven Lowette, Henry Lubatti, Margaret Lutz, Jingyu Luo, Judita Mamuz̆ić, Matthieu Marinangeli, Alberto Mariotti, Daniel Marlow, Matthew McCullough, Kevin McDermott, P Mermod, David Milstead, Siddharth Mishra-Sharma, Vasiliki A Mitsou, Javier Montejo Berlingen, Filip Moortgat, Alessandro Morandini, Alice Polyxeni Morris, David Michael Morse, Stephen Mrenna, Benjamin Nachman, Miha Nemevs̆ek, Fabrizio Nesti, Christian Ohm, Silvia Pascoli, Kevin Pedro, Cristián Peña, Karla Josefina Pena Rodriguez, Jónatan Piedra, James L Pinfold, Antonio Policicchio, Goran Popara, Jessica Prisciandaro, Mason Proffitt, Giorgia Rauco, Federico Redi, Matthew Reece, Allison Reinsvold Hall, H Rejeb Sfar, Sophie Renner, Dean Robinson, Amber Roepe, Manfredi Ronzani, Ennio Salvioni, Arka Santra, Ryu Sawada, Jakub Scholtz, Philip Schuster, Pedro Schwaller, Cristiano Sebastiani, Sezen Sekmen, Michele Selvaggi, Weinan Si, Livia Soffi, Daniel Stolarski, David Stuart, John Stupak III, Kevin Sung, Wendy Taylor, Sebastian Templ, Brooks Thomas, Emma Torró-Pastor, Daniele Trocino, Sebastian Trojanowski, Marco Trovato, Yuhsin Tsai, C G Tully, Tamás Álmos Vámi, Juan Carlos Vasquez, Carlos Vázquez Sierra, K Vellidis, Basile Vermassen, Martina Vit, Devin G E Walker, Xiao-Ping Wang, Gordon Watts, Si Xie, Melissa Yexley, Charles Young, Jiang-Hao Yu, Piotr Zalewski, Yongchao Zhang, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Theoretical Physics, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Mitsou, Vasiliki A, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Alimena J, Beacham J, Borsato M, Cheng YY, Vidal XC, Cottin G, Curtin D, De Roeck A, Desai N, Evans JA, Knapen S, Kraml S, Lessa A, Liu Z, Mehlhase S, Ramsey-Musolf MJ, Russell H, Shelton J, Shuve B, Verducci M, Zurita J, Adams T, Adersberger M, Alpigiani C, Apresyan A, Bainbridge RJ, Batozskaya V, Beauchesne H, Benato L, Berlendis S, Bhal E, Blekman F, Borovilou C, Boyd J, Brau BP, Bryngemark L, Buchmueller O, Buschmann M, Buttinger W, Campanelli M, Cesarotti C, Chen CH, Cheng HC, Cheong SH, Citron M, Coccaro A, Coco V, Conte E, Cormier F, Corpe LD, Craig N, Cui YO, Dall'Occo E, Dallapiccola C, Darwish MR, Davoli A, Cosa AD, Simone AD, Rose LD, Deppisch FF, Dey B, Diamond MD, Dienes KR, Dildick S, Dobrich B, Drewes M, Eich M, ElSawy M, Valle AED, Facini G, Farina M, Feng JL, Fischer O, Flaecher HU, Foldenauer P, Freytsis M, Fuks B, Galon I, Gershtein Y, Giagu S, Giammanco A, Gligorov VV, Golling T, Grancagnolo S, Gustavino G, Haas A, Hahn K, Hajer J, Hammad A, Heinrich L, Heisig J, Helo JC, Hesketh G, Hill CS, Hirsch M, Hohlmann M, Holmes T, Hulsbergen W, Huth J, Ilten P, Jacques T, Jayatilaka B, Jeng GY, Johns KA, Kaji T, Kasieczka G, Kats Y, Kazana M, Keller H, Khlopov MY, Kling F, Kolberg TR, Kostiuk I, Kuwertz ES, Kvam A, Landsberg G, Lanfranchi G, Lara I, Ledovskoy A, Linthorne D, Liu J, Longarini I, Lowette S, Lubatti H, Lutz M, Luo JY, Mamuzic J, Marinangeli M, Mariotti A, Marlow D, McCullough M, McDermott K, Mermod P, Milstead D, Mishra-Sharma S, Mitsou VA, Berlingen JM, Moortgat F, Morandini A, Morris AP, Morse DM, Mrenna S, Nachman B, Nemevsek M, Nesti F, Ohm C, Pascoli S, Pedro K, Pena C, Rodriguez KJP, Piedra J, Pinfold JL, Policicchio A, Popara G, Prisciandaro J, Proffitt M, Rauco G, Redi F, Reece M, Hall AR, Sfar HR, Renner S, Robinson D, Roepe A, Ronzani M, Salvioni E, Santra A, Sawada R, Scholtz J, Schuster P, Schwaller P, Sebastiani C, Sekmen S, Selvaggi M, Si WN, Soffi L, Stolarski D, Stuart D, Iii JS, Sung KV, Taylor W, Templ S, Thomas B, Torro-Pastor E, Trocino D, Trojanowski S, Trovato M, Tsai YH, Tully CG, Vami TA, Vasquez JC, Sierra CV, Vellidis K, Vermassen B, Vit M, Walker DGE, Wang XP, Watts G, Xie S, Yexley M, Young C, Yu JH, Zalewski P, Zhang YC, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
HIGH-ENERGY, beyond the Standard Model, large hadron collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS, Physics beyond the Standard Model, beyond the standard model, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), high-luminosity lhc, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), MAGNETIC MONOPOLES, long-lived [particle], high-energy collider experiments, decay: vertex, scattering [p p], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], long-lived particles, QC, proposed [detector], Physics, lifetime, dark gauge forces, Large Hadron Collider, CMS, ROOT-S=13 TEV, root-s=13 tev, new physics: search for, scale: electroweak interaction, hep-ph, ATLAS, electroweak interaction [scale], vertex [decay], upgrade [detector], High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, detector: upgrade, Settore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica, Modelli e Metodi Matematici, primary [vertex], ddc, CERN LHC Coll, baryon asymmetry, vertex: primary, LHC, colliding beams [p p], exclusion limits, pp collisions, Particle Physics - Experiment, signature, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, p p: scattering, CERN Lab, PAIR PRODUCTION, collider phenomenology, review, FOS: Physical sciences, DARK GAUGE FORCES, search for [new physics], BARYON ASYMMETRY, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, numerical calculations, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, EXCLUSION LIMITS, magnetic monopoles, PP COLLISIONS, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, background, bibliography, showers, MAJORANA NEUTRINOS, Collision, tracks, LHC-B, detector: proposed, high-luminosity LHC, pair production, MATHUSLA, Physics and Astronomy, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], proton-proton collisions, high-energy, majorana neutrinos, particle: long-lived, p p: colliding beams, Physics BSM, experimental results
Abstract

Particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) can generically have lifetimes that are long compared to SM particles at the weak scale. When produced at experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, these longlived particles (LLPs) can decay far from the interaction vertex of the primary proton–proton collision. Such LLP signatures are distinct from those of promptly decaying particles that are targeted by the majority of searches for new physics at the LHC, often requiring customized techniques to identify, for example, significantly displaced decay vertices, tracks with atypical properties, and short track segments. Given their non-standard nature, a comprehensive overview of LLP signatures at the LHC is beneficial to ensure that possible avenues of the discovery of new physics are not overlooked. Here we report on the joint work of a community of theorists and experimentalists with the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments—as well as those working on dedicated experiments such as MoEDAL, milliQan, MATHUSLA, CODEX-b, and FASER—to survey the current state of LLP searches at the LHC, and to chart a path for the development of LLP searches into the future, both in the upcoming Run 3 and at the high-luminosity LHC. The work is organized around the current and future potential capabilities of LHC experiments to generally discover new LLPs, and takes a signaturebased approach to surveying classes of models that give rise to LLPs rather than emphasizing any particular theory motivation. We develop a set of simplified models; assess the coverage of current searches; document known, often unexpected backgrounds; explore the capabilities of proposed detector upgrades; provide recommendations for the presentation of search results; and look towards the newest frontiers, namely high-multiplicity ‘dark showers’, highlighting opportunities for expanding the LHC reach for these signals.

Published
2020
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