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Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:55:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-07-01 Catch-and-release (C&R) angling is rapidly increasing in many tropical countries. In South America, the common wolf fish Hoplias malabaricus (also named as “trahira”) has a widespread distribution and is highly targeted by C&R anglers. However, no data about C&R effects on the species are available. Thus, hook injuries, reflex impairment, and physiological parameters relative to C&R angling were quantified in individuals of H. malabaricus submitted to minimum fight time (control; treatment 1) and air exposed for 30 and 60 s (treatments 2 and 3, respectively). Most fish (n = 46) were hooked in non-critical locations, while 14 had wounds at critical locations. Forty-three of the 60 fish caught exhibited reflex impairment, but without statistical differences among the control and the air exposed groups. Fish weight had significant contribution to reflex impairment, which individuals with smaller weight had a higher impairment of reflexes than heavier individuals. No differences in physiological parameters (glucose, lactate, K+, osmolality) were found between the treatments. Plasma concentrations of Na+ increased in relation to air exposure, while differences in plasma concentration of K+ were related to fish weight. These findings suggest that H. malabaricus is resilient to C&R angling when fight and handling times are short, but that smallest individuals are more susceptible to reflex impairment, especially in warmer waters. The low levels of basal glucose presented by H. malabaricus revealed to be an important information when evaluating the effects of the C&R on fish species tolerant to hypoxia, once could lead to bias in data interpretation and, consequently, in C&R evaluation. Thus, anglers and fisheries managers need to be aware this information, in order to support sustainable C&R angling of H. malabaricus (and also for its congeners) while increasing environmental awareness and stimulating recreational fishing tourism in South America. Laboratory of Biology of Marine and Coastal Organisms (LABOMAC) Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA) UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista Campus Experimental de Registro Curso de Graduação em Engenharia de Pesca UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista Campus do Litoral Paulista Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade de Ambientes Costeiros Instituto de Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento – Lactec UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista Campus Experimental de Registro Curso de Graduação em Engenharia de Pesca UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista Campus do Litoral Paulista Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade de Ambientes Costeiros

Studies accounting the ichthyofauna composition of the Santos-São Vincente estuary-bay and Bertioga channel complex (SSEBBC) are scarce, even with its high ecological and economical importance. In this sense, the present study performed a checklist of the ichthyofauna from the SSEBBC aiming to report the distribution, diet, habitat, economic importance, and conservation status of the collected fish species. Twenty-four (24) monthly collecting campaigns were conducted between March 2013 and February 2015. In each survey, four locations around Bagres Island were sampled with the aid of gill nets with standardized effort. Dead fish specimens were also collected during the accidental fire that occurs on the Terminal Químico de Aratú S.A. (TEQUIMAR) between April 2nd and 10th of 2015. A total of 172 fish specimens were collected, where 50.6% were carnivorous; 35.5% were marine-estuarine; 44.2% with high occidental Atlantic Ocean distribution; 44.8% were a high important food resource. Regarding the conservation status, these fish species were classified as “low-worries” in 76.2% for the global evaluation; 95.3% in national evaluation; and 55.2% in São Paulo State evaluation. Moreover, 53 new fish species were catalogued for the Santos-São Vincente estuary-bay, where 12 were collected during the field monitoring and 41 during the fire monitoring. Fifty-eight (58) fish species collected during the field campaigns were categorized like “insufficient data”; 3 as alien species (Oreochromis niloticus, Opsanus beta e Butis koilomatodon); and there was a rare record of Megalops atlanticus in São Paulo State. Besides of the high anthropization, the studied area presented high fish species richness and should be monitored to ensure the fish species conservation status. A pesar de la importancia ecológica y económica del complejo bahía-estuario Santos-São Vicente y del canal Bertioga, los estudios sobre la composición de la ictiofauna en la región alta del complejo son aún incipientes. Así, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo enumerar las especies de peces en la región del estuario alto de Santos-São Vicente, informando la distribución, dieta, tipos de hábitats, importancia económica y estado de conservación. Para lograr este objetivo, se realizaron 24 campañas mensuales entre marzo de 2013 y febrero de 2015, en cuatro puntos diferentes, utilizando una red de espera con un esfuerzo de captura estandarizado. También se recolectaron peces muertos durante el incendio que afectó al Terminal Químico de Aratú S.A. (TEQUIMAR) entre el 2 y el 10 de abril de 2015. En total se registraron 172 especies, predominantemente carnívoras (50,6%), marino-estuarinas (35, 5%), con amplia distribución en el Atlántico Occidental (44,2%), con importancia económica para la alimentación (44,8%) y categorizada como “poca preocupación” en el global (76,2%), nacional (95,3%) y estatal (55,2%). El presente estudio registró 53 especies aún no catalogadas para el estuario alto de Santos-São Vicente, 12 por monitoreo y 41 por incendio. También se observaron 58 especies categorizadas como "datos deficientes" y tres especies exóticas (Oreochromis niloticus, Opsanus beta y Butis koilomatodon), además de un registro raro de Megalops atlanticus en el estado de São Paulo. A pesar de la alta antropización, el área de estudio tiene una gran riqueza de peces y debe ser monitoreada adecuadamente para asegurar la conservación de las especies. Apesar da importância ecológica e econômica do complexo baía-estuário de Santos-São Vicente e canal de Bertioga, ainda são incipientes os estudos sobre a composição da ictiofauna na região alta do complexo. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo listar as espécies de peixes da região do alto estuário de Santos-São Vicente, relatando a distribuição, dieta, tipos de habitats, importância econômica e status de conservação. Para cumprir este objetivo foram realizadas 24 campanhas mensais entre março de 2013 e fevereiro de 2015, em quatro pontos distintos, utilizando rede de espera com esforço de captura padronizado. Também foram recolhidos peixes mortos durante o incêndio que acometeu o Terminal Químico de Aratú S.A. (TEQUIMAR) entre 2 e 10 de abril de 2015. No total, foram registradas 172 espécies, predominantemente carnívoras (50,6%), marinha-estuarinas (35,5%), com ampla distribuição no Oceano Atlântico Ocidental (44,2%), com importância econômica para alimentação (44,8%) e categorizadas como “pouco preocupante” na avaliação global (76,2%), nacional (95,3%) e estadual (55,2%). O presente estudo registrou 53 espécies ainda não catalogadas para o alto estuário de Santos-São Vicente, sendo 12 através do monitoramento e 41 do incêndio. Também foram observadas 58 espécies categorizadas como “dados deficientes” e três espécies exóticas (Oreochromis niloticus, Opsanus beta e Butis koilomatodon), além de um raro registro de Megalops atlanticus no estado de São Paulo. Apesar da elevada antropização, a área de estudo apresenta uma grande riqueza de peixes e deve ser monitorada adequadamente para garantir a conservação das espécies.

A externalização de órgãos internos em peixes tem sido registrada ao longo do tempo na literatura científica. Grande parte dos registros está relacionada à eversão ou protrusão do estômago e/ou intestino, devido principalmente ao barotrauma. Porém uma pequena parcela dos registros é referente a diversas causas naturais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo registrar a ocorrência de um raro evento de eversão vaginal na raia anã espinhosa Psammobatis rutrum. Em 15/06/2020 três exemplares (2 fêmeas e 1 macho) foram capturados como fauna acompanhante da pesca de parelha nas proximidades da Barra de Santos SP, com profundidade média de 27 metros. Dentre eles, uma exemplar fêmea apresentava uma protrusão via abertura cloacal. Através de necropsia, avaliação comparativa e estudo das vias reprodutivas foi identificado que o órgão externalizado era a parede vaginal. Embora existam muitos registros de externalização de órgãos de Elasmobranchii, principalmente relacionados ao comportamento natural de eversão do estômago e intestino, apenas um registro deste tipo de evento foi reportado para órgão reprodutivo. Não foi possível identificar a causa da eversão vaginal, porém tal evento está associado a um quadro de prolapso pélvico, que pode ter sido intensificado por causas naturais ou devido a captura.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:07:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-02-01 Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos Here we explore the dose-dependent response of the tropical fish tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) to intraperitoneal injection of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) at doses of 0 (carrier control), 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μmolar BaP Kg−1 Hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity showed a bell-shaped dose-dependent response curve, where the highest injected BaP dose caused enzyme inactivation. Activities of hepatic catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased at the highest dose relative to the carrier control group. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), serum-sorbitol dehydrogenase (s-SDH) and DNA damage in blood cells were higher for all BaP doses when compared to the carrier control group. At high dosage, the production of BaP metabolites was paralleled by induced activity of the antioxidant enzyme SOD, and high levels of DNA damage in blood cells. In a similar way, high LPO was concomitant to elevated s-SDH in the bloodstream, suggesting that lipid peroxidation caused the loss of membrane integrity and leakage of s-SDH from hepatocytes into the bloodstream. These biomarkers were also positively co-correlated. The results demonstrate the potential use of a suite of biomarkers for tambaqui living in contaminated tropical aquatic environments. In particular, we recommend the analysis of DNA damage in blood cells, as this was highly correlated with all other biomarkers. Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Ave André Araújo 2936 Biosciences Institute São Paulo State University − UNESP Coastal Campus, Pça Infante Dom Henrique s/n°, P.O. Box 73601, São Vicente Department of Environment and Agriculture Curtin University, P.O. Box U1987 Biosciences Institute São Paulo State University − UNESP Coastal Campus, Pça Infante Dom Henrique s/n°, P.O. Box 73601, São Vicente

The present work aimed to investigate the effects of acute (12, 24, 48 and 96 h) and subchronic (168 and 336 h) exposure of seahorse, Hippocampus reidi to water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of diesel fuel on biotransformation parameters, antioxidant defenses and DNA integrity. In addition, a recovery experiment was performed, where the organisms remained in absence of the contaminant for 336 h, after WAF exposure for 168 h (totaling 504 h). At the end of each experimental protocol, the concentration of pyrene-, benzo(a)pyrene- and naphthalene-type metabolites in bile, hepatic activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), as well as lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in hepatocytes, were analyzed, in addition to the DNA damage and the micronucleus (MN) test in the peripheral blood. It was observed that both acute and subchronic WAF exposure affected the investigated parameters in different ways. In general, the exposed groups presented higher mean values for the investigated parameters if compared with their respective controls. After the recovery experiment, the mean values of PAH metabolites, LPO, DNA damage and MN frequency were significantly lower than those of animals exposed for 168 h, indicating that the recovery period was appropriately long for the evaluated biomarkers return to the control levels. The results indicated that the selected H. reidi biomarkers proved to be adequate and complementary tools in determining the first impacts of acute and subchronic exposure caused by WAF of diesel fuel in fish, as well as their recovery in clean water.

Hoplosternum littorale is an Amazon fish that lives in urban areas surrounded by polluted igarapes, where elevated copper concentrations eventually occur. The central goal of this study was to evaluate the associated effects of high temperature and copper contamination on survival time and biochemical responses of the Amazonian fish species H. littorale. We exposed fish to two nominal dissolved copper concentrations (50 and 500 µg l−1) and combined temperatures of 28 and 34°C. Our findings showed that the combination of these variables affects the survival time of this species. The activity of the biotransformation enzymes ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and glutathione-S-transferase showed no alterations in fish within all treatments. The increase of reactive oxygen species and the decrease in potential total antioxidant capacity promoted the imbalance in the antioxidant system. An induction in superoxide dismutase activity occurred in fish exposed to copper concentrations of 50 and 500 µg l−1 at both temperatures, suggesting liver impairments. Thus, we suggest that H. littorale is sensitive to copper, and this sensitivity is increased further with exposure to high temperatures, particularly in the survival time and reactive oxygen species formation of this fish species.

Given the reported degraded nature of DOC in the Rio Negro, and low oxygen, pH, and bacterial riverine levels, we hypothesized: (1) DOC would have strong humic and fulvic acid fluorescence signals with high aromaticity and large mean molecular weight; and (2) photo-oxidation rates would be slow, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations low, producing no oxidative stress in biota. We surveyed the environment and properties of DOC and explored DOC photo-oxidation and fish sensitivity to DOC products. DOC properties were investigated using absorption and fluorescence indices and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of excitation–emission matrices. ROS concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically. A native fish, Hemigrammus levis, was exposed to photo-oxidizing DOC and its tissues (brain, gill, liver) assayed for changes in antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes. With respect to our hypotheses, (1) DOC was highly terrigenous, with high SAC340 values (aromaticity), high capacity to produce ROS, and high tryptophan-like fluorescence (bacterial, autochthonous signal); (2) photo-oxidation rates were appreciable, while products were related to mean UV-radiation levels (total radiation was constant). ROS levels were often higher than freshwater averages, yet fish experienced no oxidative stress. Results suggest photo-oxidation influences patterns in C-cycling, bacterial production and community dynamics between wet and dry seasons.

The contamination of waterbodies is a worldwide concern due to the increasing urbanization and industrialization of the cities without good effluent management. Touristic cities can suffer with the number of people during high seasons periods, which can lead to an elevated use of natural resources and effluents discharges. Moreover, raining seasons, either high or low, can also play an important role in contaminating waterbodies once a dilution or concentration of contaminants may take place. The present study evaluated the water quality of the Tejereba River (Guarujá, Brazil) during the high season (January) and low season (March and May) in 2018. Reduction in water quality was observed in May, a month with low pluviosity and low tourism. The integrated data analysis (PCA) showed a positive correlation between the physicochemical parameters and the month of May, in which they were negatively correlated with pluviosity and the percentage of tourists. Despite the deterioration of water quality in May, no toxicity to Daphnia magna was observed. Our work showed that water quality (physicochemical and microbiological parameters), during the studied months, is more related to raining seasons than to the presence of tourists in Guarujá, Brazil. La contaminación de los cuerpos del agua es una preocupación mundial debido a la creciente urbanización y industrialización de las ciudades sin una buena gestión de los efluentes. Las ciudades turísticas pueden sufrir por la cantidad de personas mientras los períodos de temporada alta, lo que puede conducir a un alto uso de los recursos naturales y descarga de efluentes. Además, las temporadas de lluvias, sean altas o bajas, también pueden jugar un papel importante en la contaminación de los cuerpos del agua, ya que pueden producirse diluciones o concentraciones de contaminantes. El presente trabajo evaluó la calidad del agua del río Tejereba (Guarujá, Brasil) durante la temporada alta (enero) y temporada baja (marzo y mayo) en 2018. La reducción de la calidad del agua se observó en mayo, un mes de escasas precipitaciones y escaso turismo. El análisis integrado de datos (PCA) mostró una correlación positiva entre los parámetros físico-químicos y el mes de mayo, en el que se correlacionaron negativamente con las precipitaciones y el porcentaje de turistas. A pesar del deterioro de la calidad del agua en mayo, no se observó toxicidad para Daphnia magna. Nuestro trabajo mostró que la calidad del agua (parámetros físico-químicos y microbiológicos) en los meses evaluados está más relacionada con las temporadas de lluvias que con la presencia de turistas en la ciudad de Guarujá, Brasil. A contaminação de corpos d'água é uma preocupação mundial devido à crescente urbanização e industrialização das cidades sem um bom gerenciamento de efluentes. As cidades turísticas podem sofrer com o número de pessoas durante os períodos de alta temporada, o que pode levar a um elevado uso de recursos naturais e lançamento de efluentes. Além disso, as estações chuvosas, sejam altas ou baixas, também podem desempenhar um papel importante na contaminação de corpos d'água, uma vez que pode ocorrer diluição ou concentração de contaminantes. O presente trabalho avaliou a qualidade da água do rio Tejereba (Guarujá, Brasil) durante os períodos turísticos de alta (janeiro) e baixa temporada, (março e maio) no ano de 2018. A redução da qualidade da água foi observada em maio, mês de baixa pluviosidade e baixo turismo. A análise integrada de dados (PCA) mostrou correlação positiva entre os parâmetros físico-químicos e o mês de maio, na qual se correlacionaram negativamente com a pluviosidade e o percentual de turistas. Apesar da deterioração da qualidade da água em maio, nenhuma toxicidade para Daphnia magna foi observada. Nosso trabalho mostrou que a qualidade da água (parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos), nos meses estudados, está mais relacionada às estações chuvosas do que à presença de turistas na cidade de Guarujá, Brasil.

Os impactos da visitação compreendem toda ação humana direta que provoque dano ao meio natural, relacionada ao comportamento inadequado do visitante ou aos problemas de planejamento para a demanda de uso. Portanto, o objetivo foi avaliar os possíveis impactos causados pela visitação de duas trilhas principais (Costão e Deserta), localizadas na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Barra do Una, durante o verão (alta visitação) e no outono (baixa visitação) de 2017. Para isso, as trilhas Costão e Deserta foram seccionadas, sendo respectivamente estabelecidos 4 e 10 pontos, onde foram avaliados indicadores de impactos físicos, biológicos e sociais por meio do método Visitor Impact Management. Os achados demonstraram, em ambas as trilhas, uma redução nos impactos relacionados aos problemas de drenagem, ao serem comparadas as estações do verão com o outono. A presença de lixo na trilha da Deserta na estação do outono foi menor quando comparada ao verão, enquanto os danos aos recursos naturais na trilha do Costão foram maiores no outono que no verão. Embora as trilhas estudadas estejam localizadas em uma Unidade de Conservação, a ausência de controle de visitação pública, assim como a falta de infraestrutura colaboram de forma negativa, resultando em danos de diferentes gravidades. Por fim, as ações propostas no presente estudo, como trilha guiada com monitor ambiental, controle de visitação pública, instalação de corrimãos, degraus e placas podem ser benéficas para reduzir e/ou reverter os impactos encontrados em ambas as trilhas.

This study investigated the relationship between contaminant body burden and the oxidative stress status of the gills and livers of two wild fish species in the Furnas Hydroelectric Power Station (HPS) reservoir (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Gills and livers presented similar pathways of metals and organochlorine bioaccumulation. During June, organochlorines were associated with lipid peroxidation (LPO), indicating oxidative stress due to the inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. In the most polluted areas, metal concentrations in the liver were associated with metallothionein. During December, contaminants in the gills and liver were associated with catalase activity and LPO. Aldrin/dieldrin was the contaminant most associated with oxidative damage in the livers of both species. This integrated approach shed light on the relationship between adverse biological effects and bioaccumulation of contaminants inputted by intensive agricultural practices and proved to be a suitable tool for assessing the environmental quality of man-made reservoirs.

The condition factor and blood variables, including erythrocyte lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in two ecologically distinct fish species (Astyanax fasciatus and Pimelodus maculatus) were evaluated at five sites in the Furnas Hydroelectric Power Station reservoir (Brazil) to assess water quality. Aldrin/dieldrin, endosulfan, heptachlor epoxide, and metolachlor were detected at different concentrations in four of the sites. Condition factor was not directly affected by such contaminants. A negative correlation between hematocrit and heptachlor was detected in P. maculatus. Positive correlations between red blood cells and heptachlor as well as an interactive effect of metolachlor and aldrin/dieldrin were detected in A. fasciatus. The erythrocytes of both species collected from the contaminated sites showed high levels of LPO, an increase in SOD and GPx activities and a decrease in CAT activity. Although the leukocyte number and the differential percentage of leukocytes varied among the sites, the hematological variables, the LPO levels, and the antioxidant enzyme activities could be used to assess water quality, regardless of the differences in the responses of the fish species.

Roundup Original® (RD) is a glyphosate-based herbicide used to control weeds in agriculture. Contamination of Amazon waters has increased as a consequence of anthropogenic pressure, including the use of herbicides as RD. The central goal of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of RD on juveniles of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Our findings show that biomarkers in tambaqui are organ specific and dependent on RD concentration. Alterations in gills structural and respiratory epithelium were followed by changes in hematological parameters such as concentration of hemoglobin, particularly in fish exposed to the higher concentration tested (75% of RD LC50 96h). In addition, both RD concentrations affected the biotransformation process in gills of tambaqui negatively. Instead, liver responses suggest that a production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurred in fish exposed to RD, particularly in the animals exposed to 75% RD, as seen by imbalances in biotransformation and antioxidant systems. The increased DNA damage observed in red blood cells of tambaqui exposed to RD is in agreement with this hypothesis. Finally, both tested sub-lethal concentrations of RD markedly inhibited the cholinesterase activity in fish brain. Thus, we can suggest that RD is potentially toxic to tambaqui and possibly to other tropical fish species. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.

Through integrating chemical, biochemical and morphological analyses, this study investigated the effects of multiple pollutants on the gill mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs) in two fish species, Astyanax fasciatus and Pimelodus maculatus, collected from five sites (FU10, FU20, FU30, FU40 and FU50) in the Furnas Hydroelectric Power Station reservoir. Water analyses revealed aluminum, iron and zinc as well as organochlorine (aldrin/dieldrin, endosulfan, heptachlor/heptachlor epoxide and metolachlor) contamination at all of the sites, with the exception of FU10. Copper, chrome, iron and zinc were detected in the gills of both species, and aldrin/dieldrin, endosulfan and heptachlor/heptachlor epoxide were detected in the gills of fish from all of the sites, with the exception of FU10. Fish collected at FU20, FU30 and FU50 exhibited numerous alterations in the surface architecture of their pavement cells and MRCs. The surface MRC density and MRC fractional area were lower in fish from FU20, FU30, FU40 and FU50 than in those from the reference site (FU10) in the winter, and some variability between the sites was observed in the summer. The organochlorine contamination at FU20 and FU50 was associated with variable changes in the MRCs and inhibition of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) activity, especially in P. maculatus. At FU30, the alterations in the MRCs were associated with the contaminants present, especially metals. A multivariate analysis demonstrated a positive association between the biological responses of both species and environmental contamination, indicating that under realistic conditions, a mixture of organochlorines and metals affected the MRCs by inhibiting NKA activity and inducing morphological changes, which may cause an ionic imbalance.