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1. Trophic Structure and Dietary Overlap in the Sympatric Skinks Trachylepis punctatissima and Trachylepis varia From Central South Africa.

Author

Heideman, Neil, Bates, Michael, and Zhao, Zhongning

Subjects
*REDUCING diets, *GASTROINTESTINAL contents, *SKINKS, *ARACHNIDA, *SPECIES
Abstract

Diet diversity and overlap was investigated in the sympatric skinks Trachylepis punctatissima and Trachylepis varia from central South Africa using stomach and intestinal contents of museum specimens. Simpson's Index and the Shannon–Wiener Index were used to determine their food niche breadths and Pianka's Index to determine the extent to which they shared the food resource. Food items were identified from head capsules, mouthparts and appendages to order level. The two species contained similar prey types with T. varia having the wider niche breadth. Females also had wider niche breadths than males and isopterans were present in significantly higher quantities than the rest of the food items in both species. Larvae were found in both, but arachnids only in T. varia. Trophic niche overlap between the two was fairly high (Pianka's Index, 0.6915) and therefore did not support the hypothesis that similar species sharing a food resource should have well differentiated diets to reduce competition. This finding however requires further verification as the two species may consume different species of the corresponding orders identified. Intraspecifically trophic niche overlap between the sexes was low (T. punctatissima, 0.3889; T. varia, 0.4633) suggesting strong competition for the food resource. Notably lower niche breadth in males compared to females may be due to morphological and behavioural differences and should be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Additional file 1 of Climatic and topographic changes since the Miocene influenced the diversification and biogeography of the tent tortoise (Psammobates tentorius) species complex in Southern Africa

Author

Zhao, Zhongning, Heideman, Neil, Bester, Phillip, Jordaan, Adriaan, and Hofmeyr, Margaretha D.

Abstract

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The results of the Bayesian clustering analysis with STRUCTURE. The plot shows the values of ΔK calculated according to Evanno et al. [47]. Figure S2. (a) Results of BIC value versus the number of clusters to determine the optimal clustering scheme in the DAPC analyses. (b) The Cross-Validation test results determining the optimal number of PCs retained. Figure S3. The species tree chronograms generated from the BEAST calibration dating analyses, A: mtDNA chronogram, B: mtDNA+nDNA chronogram. The red dots were the five constrained calibration points for calibration dating analyses. Figure S4. The macroevolution cohort matrix for the seven clades of the P. tentorius species complex. BAMM Bayesian diversification rate analysis based on the mean phylorate plot trees, are shown at the top and on the left side of the cohort matrix, for purposes of comparison. The matrix shows pairwise probabilities of two groups sharing the same evolutionary dynamics. The “warm” colours represent high cohort similarities (highest value “1” refers to 100% similarity), whilst, the “cool” colours represent low cohort similarities (lowest value “0” refers to 0% similarity). Figure S5. Visualizing the single-chain MCMC diagnostics for a CoMET analysis with empirically estimated diversification hyperpriors. Blue bars/dots represent passed tests and red bars/dots mean failed tests (failed convergence). Table S3. The node age (Ma) and 95% HPD at each node (see Fig. 5 and Fig. S3) generated from BEAST calibration dating analyses in both gene trees and species trees of the mtDNA and (mtDNA+nDNA) datasets, respectively. Table S4. The independent BioGeoBEARS model test results for the six habitat reconstruction models with consideration of the “founder effect” parameter “J” on geographic regions, biome and topographic barriers datasets. The selected best model of each analysis with its criteria is shown in bold. Table S5. The ANOVA based LRT test results retrieved from the likelihood function models of different scenarios investigated under character dependency analyses BiSSE and MuSSE with different models of regions, biomes and the two sides of the Orange River. “Minimal”: the null model assumed all parameters are equal between different characters states; “all different”: the full parameter model considered lambda, mu and q as different between character states; “free.lambda”: the model considered lambda as different only between different character states, “free.mu”: the model considered only mu as different between different character states, “free.lambda.mu”: the model considered only lambda and mu as differ between different character states, “free.q”: the model considered only q as different between different character states. The best model with its criteria from the LRT test in each analysis is shown in bold. Table S6. The average test AUC criterion under the ROC curve and its standard deviation (SD) generated by ENM analyses for each group [P. t. tentorius (Ptt-A – Ptt-D), P. t. trimeni (Ptr), P. t. verroxii (Pv-A and Pv-B), and the entire P. tentorius species complex] through the given timeline. LIG: Last Interglacial, LGM: Last Glacial Maximum, and MIDH: Middle Holocene. Table S7. The results of the optimization of parameters settings for all ENM analyses across groups (group abbreviations as in Table S6, with All denoting the entire P. tentorius species complex) and timelines. Features: Linear features (L), Quadratic features (Q), Product features (P) and Hinge features (H); RM = Regularization multiplier. LIG: Last Interglacial, LGM: Last Glacial Maximum, and MIDH: Middle Holocene. Table S8. The pairwise results of niche difference analysis between clades (taxon abbreviations the same as group abbreviations in Table S6). The pairwise comparisons showing significant niche differences are in bold, whilst, comparisons without significant niche differences are underlined. Note: If the point estimated value (the matrix at the bottom-left) was lower than the 5% threshold value (the matrix at the top-right), then the niches were significantly different. Table S9. The ENM analyses estimating the area of suitable habitats of the seven clades (group abbreviations as in Table S6), as well as changes in the area of suitable habitats against the timeline (for details about the timeline see the Materials and Methods). The arrow " ↑ " represents increasing area, whilst, " ↓ " indicates decreasing area. Groups currently showing a decrease in the area of suitable habitats or future habitats are given in bold. Table S13. Optimal partition scheme, substitution model, likelihood score (-InL), Gamma shape, proportion of estimated invariable sites for the mtDNA+nDNA based BEAST phylogenetic inference. Table S16. Optimal partition scheme, substitution model, likelihood score (-InL), Gamma shap, and proportion of estimated invariant sites for the BEAST calibration dating analyses. Table S17. The constraint of the five most recent common ancestors used in the BEAST calibration dating analyses for the mtDNA and mtDNA+nDNA datasets.

Published
2020
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8. Codon‐based analysis of selection pressure and genetic structure in the Psammobates tentorius (Bell, 1828) species complex, and phylogeny inferred from both codons and amino acid sequences.

Author

Zhao, Zhongning, Heideman, Neil, and Hofmeyr, Margaretha D.

Subjects
*AMINO acid sequence, *MOLECULAR phylogeny, *GENETIC code, *DNA sequencing, *PHYLOGENY, *SPECIES, *NUCLEOTIDE sequence
Abstract

This study used codon analysis (dN/dS and Tv/Ti) to investigate selection pressure and genetic structure in the highly polymorphic Psammobates tentorius species complex, and amino acid sequences to construct a phylogeny tree for it. Our results revealed a strong selection signal at node 'C2 + C3', possibly driven by aridity intensification resulting from the development of the Benguela Current. A similar signal was noticed at C3, possibly due to the same driving force. These findings suggest that environmental selection pressure favoured those groups and that further cladogenic events were possible. Selection pressure was also found to be high at C1, C4 and C7, which may indicate that they are also favoured by the current selection pressure. The codon‐based phylogeny did not retrieve any potentially undescribed species, but nonetheless provided support for the validity of the seven distinct clades retrieved with the DNA sequence data. The amino acid sequence‐based phylogeny generally supported the seven lineages as valid putative species. Investigation at the genomic scale could, however, help to solve the issue. In general, we found the codon, dN, dS, Tv, Ti and amino acid sequence‐based phylogenetic inferences useful in species delimitation and recommend their use in species delimitation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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9. Reproduction, predation, sexual dimorphism and diet in Agama anchietae (Reptilia: Agamidae) from Namibia.

Author

Buiswalelo, Bertha, Eiseb, Seth, Goedhals, Jacqueline, Verdú‐Ricoy, Joaquín, and Heideman, Neil

Subjects
SEXUAL dimorphism, AGAMIDAE, REPTILES, PREDATION, NEMATODE infections
Abstract

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2020
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10. The conservation status of the world’s reptiles

Author

Böhm, Monika, Collen, Ben, Baillie, Jonathan E. M., Bowles, Philip, Chanson, Janice, Cox, Neil, Hammerson, Geoffrey, Hoffmann, Michael, Livingstone, Suzanne R., Ram, Mala, Rhodin, Anders G. J., Stuart, Simon N., van Dijk, Peter Paul, Young, Bruce E., Afuang, Leticia E., Aghasyan, Aram, García, Andrés, Aguilar, César, Ajtic, Rastko, Akarsu, Ferdi, Alencar, Laura R. V., Allison, Allen, Ananjeva, Natalia, Anderson, Steve, Andrén, Claes, Ariano-Sánchez, Daniel, Arredondo, Juan Camilo, Auliya, Mark, Austin, Christopher C., Avci, Aziz, Baker, Patrick J., Barreto-Lima, André F., Barrio-Amorós, César L., Basu, Dhruvayothi, Bates, Michael F., Batistella, Alexandre, Bauer, Aaron, Bennett, Daniel, Böhme, Wolfgang, Broadley, Don, Brown, Rafe, Burgess, Joseph, Captain, Ashok, Carreira, Santiago, Castañeda, Maria del Rosario, Castro, Fernando, Catenazzi, Alessandro, Cedeño-Vázquez, José R., Chapple, David G., Cheylan, Marc, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F., Cogalniceanu, Dan, Cogger, Hal, Corti, Claudia, Costa, Gabriel C., Couper, Patrick J., Courtney, Tony, Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Jelka, Crochet, Pierre-André, Crother, Brian, Cruz, Felix, Daltry, Jennifer C., Daniels, R. J. Ranjit, Das, Indraneil, de Silva, Anslem, Diesmos, Arvin C., Dirksen, Lutz, Doan, Tiffany M., Dodd Jr, C. Kenneth, Doody, J. Sean, Dorcas, Michael E., Duarte de Barros Filho, Jose, Egan, Vincent T., El Mouden, El Hassan, Embert, Dirk, Espinoza, Robert E., Fallabrino, Alejandro, Feng, Xie, Feng, Zhao-Jun, Fitzgerald, Lee, Flores-Villela, Oscar, França, Frederico G. R., Frost, Darrell, Gadsden, Hector, Gamble, Tony, Ganesh, S. R., Garcia, Miguel A., García-Pérez, Juan E., Gatus, Joey, Gaulke, Maren, Geniez, Philippe, Georges, Arthur, Gerlach, Justin, Goldberg, Stephen, Gonzalez, Juan-Carlos T., Gower, David J., Grant, Tandora, Greenbaum, Eli, Grieco, Cristina, Guo, Peng, Hamilton, Alison M., Hare, Kelly, Hedges, S. Blair, Heideman, Neil, Hilton-Taylor, Craig, Hitchmough, Rod, Hollingsworth, Bradford, Hutchinson, Mark, Ineich, Ivan, Iverson, John, Jaksic, Fabian M., Jenkins, Richard, Joger, Ulrich, Jose, Reizl, Kaska, Yakup, Kaya, Uğur, Keogh, J. Scott, Köhler, Gunther, Kuchling, Gerald, Kumlutaş, Yusuf, Kwet, Axel, La Marca, Enrique, Lamar, William, Lane, Amanda, Lardner, Bjorn, Latta, Craig, Latta, Gabrielle, Lau, Michael, Lavin, Pablo, Lawson, Dwight, LeBreton, Matthew, Lehr, Edgar, Limpus, Duncan, Lipczynski, Nicola, Lobo, Aaron S., López-Luna, Marco A., Luiselli, Luca, Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi, Lundberg, Mikael, Lymberakis, Petros, Macey, Robert, Magnusson, William E., Mahler, D. Luke, Malhotra, Anita, Mariaux, Jean, Maritz, Bryan, Marques, Otavio A. V., Márquez, Rafael, Martins, Marcio, Masterson, Gavin, Mateo, José A., Mathew, Rosamma, Mathews, Nixon, Mayer, Gregory, McCranie, James R., Measey, G. John, Mendoza-Quijano, Fernando, Menegon, Michele, Métrailler, Sébastien, Milton, David A., Montgomery, Chad, Morato, Sérgio A. A., Mott, Tami, Muñoz-Alonso, Antonio, Murphy, John, Nguyen, Truong Q., Nilson, Göran, Nogueira, Cristiano, Núñez, Herman, Orlov, Nikolai, Ota, Hidetoshi, Ottenwalder, José, Papenfuss, Theodore, Pasachnik, Stesha, Passos, Paulo, Pauwels, Olivier S. G., Pérez-Buitrago, Néstor, Pérez-Mellado, Valentín, Pianka, Eric R., Pleguezuelos, Juan, Pollock, Caroline, Ponce-Campos, Paulino, Powell, Robert, Pupin, Fabio, Quintero Díaz, Gustavo E., Radder, Raju, Ramer, Jan, Rasmussen, Arne R., Raxworthy, Chris, Reynolds, Robert, Richman, Nadia, Rico, Edmund L., Riservato, Elisa, Rivas, Gilson, da Rocha, Pedro L. B., Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Rodríguez Schettino, Lourdes, Roosenburg, Willem M., Ross, James P., Sadek, Riyad, Sanders, Kate, Santos-Barrera, Georgina, Schleich, Hermann H., Schmidt, Benedikt R., Schmitz, Andreas, Sharifi, Mozafar, Shea, Glenn, Shi, Hai-Tao, Shine, Richard, Sindaco, Roberto, Slimani, Tahar, Somaweera, Ruchira, Spawls, Steve, Stafford, Peter, Stuebing, Rob, Sweet, Sam, Sy, Emerson, Temple, Helen J., Tognelli, Marcelo F., Tolley, Krystal, Tolson, Peter J., Tuniyev, Boris, Tuniyev, Sako, Üzüm, Nazan, van Buurt, Gerard, Van Sluys, Monique, Velasco, Alvaro, Vences, Miguel, Veselý, Milan, Vinke, Sabine, Vinke, Thomas, Vogel, Gernot, Vogrin, Milan, Vogt, Richard C., Wearn, Oliver R., Werner, Yehudah L., Whiting, Martin J., Wiewandt, Thomas, Wilkinson, John, Wilson, Byron, Wren, Sally, Zamin, Tara, Zhou, Kaiya, Zug, George, Böhm, Monika, Collen, Ben, Baillie, Jonathan E. M., Bowles, Philip, Chanson, Janice, Cox, Neil, Hammerson, Geoffrey, Hoffmann, Michael, Livingstone, Suzanne R., Ram, Mala, Rhodin, Anders G. J., Stuart, Simon N., van Dijk, Peter Paul, Young, Bruce E., Afuang, Leticia E., Aghasyan, Aram, García, Andrés, Aguilar, César, Ajtic, Rastko, Akarsu, Ferdi, Alencar, Laura R. V., Allison, Allen, Ananjeva, Natalia, Anderson, Steve, Andrén, Claes, Ariano-Sánchez, Daniel, Arredondo, Juan Camilo, Auliya, Mark, Austin, Christopher C., Avci, Aziz, Baker, Patrick J., Barreto-Lima, André F., Barrio-Amorós, César L., Basu, Dhruvayothi, Bates, Michael F., Batistella, Alexandre, Bauer, Aaron, Bennett, Daniel, Böhme, Wolfgang, Broadley, Don, Brown, Rafe, Burgess, Joseph, Captain, Ashok, Carreira, Santiago, Castañeda, Maria del Rosario, Castro, Fernando, Catenazzi, Alessandro, Cedeño-Vázquez, José R., Chapple, David G., Cheylan, Marc, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F., Cogalniceanu, Dan, Cogger, Hal, Corti, Claudia, Costa, Gabriel C., Couper, Patrick J., Courtney, Tony, Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Jelka, Crochet, Pierre-André, Crother, Brian, Cruz, Felix, Daltry, Jennifer C., Daniels, R. J. Ranjit, Das, Indraneil, de Silva, Anslem, Diesmos, Arvin C., Dirksen, Lutz, Doan, Tiffany M., Dodd Jr, C. Kenneth, Doody, J. Sean, Dorcas, Michael E., Duarte de Barros Filho, Jose, Egan, Vincent T., El Mouden, El Hassan, Embert, Dirk, Espinoza, Robert E., Fallabrino, Alejandro, Feng, Xie, Feng, Zhao-Jun, Fitzgerald, Lee, Flores-Villela, Oscar, França, Frederico G. R., Frost, Darrell, Gadsden, Hector, Gamble, Tony, Ganesh, S. R., Garcia, Miguel A., García-Pérez, Juan E., Gatus, Joey, Gaulke, Maren, Geniez, Philippe, Georges, Arthur, Gerlach, Justin, Goldberg, Stephen, Gonzalez, Juan-Carlos T., Gower, David J., Grant, Tandora, Greenbaum, Eli, Grieco, Cristina, Guo, Peng, Hamilton, Alison M., Hare, Kelly, Hedges, S. Blair, Heideman, Neil, Hilton-Taylor, Craig, Hitchmough, Rod, Hollingsworth, Bradford, Hutchinson, Mark, Ineich, Ivan, Iverson, John, Jaksic, Fabian M., Jenkins, Richard, Joger, Ulrich, Jose, Reizl, Kaska, Yakup, Kaya, Uğur, Keogh, J. Scott, Köhler, Gunther, Kuchling, Gerald, Kumlutaş, Yusuf, Kwet, Axel, La Marca, Enrique, Lamar, William, Lane, Amanda, Lardner, Bjorn, Latta, Craig, Latta, Gabrielle, Lau, Michael, Lavin, Pablo, Lawson, Dwight, LeBreton, Matthew, Lehr, Edgar, Limpus, Duncan, Lipczynski, Nicola, Lobo, Aaron S., López-Luna, Marco A., Luiselli, Luca, Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi, Lundberg, Mikael, Lymberakis, Petros, Macey, Robert, Magnusson, William E., Mahler, D. Luke, Malhotra, Anita, Mariaux, Jean, Maritz, Bryan, Marques, Otavio A. V., Márquez, Rafael, Martins, Marcio, Masterson, Gavin, Mateo, José A., Mathew, Rosamma, Mathews, Nixon, Mayer, Gregory, McCranie, James R., Measey, G. John, Mendoza-Quijano, Fernando, Menegon, Michele, Métrailler, Sébastien, Milton, David A., Montgomery, Chad, Morato, Sérgio A. A., Mott, Tami, Muñoz-Alonso, Antonio, Murphy, John, Nguyen, Truong Q., Nilson, Göran, Nogueira, Cristiano, Núñez, Herman, Orlov, Nikolai, Ota, Hidetoshi, Ottenwalder, José, Papenfuss, Theodore, Pasachnik, Stesha, Passos, Paulo, Pauwels, Olivier S. G., Pérez-Buitrago, Néstor, Pérez-Mellado, Valentín, Pianka, Eric R., Pleguezuelos, Juan, Pollock, Caroline, Ponce-Campos, Paulino, Powell, Robert, Pupin, Fabio, Quintero Díaz, Gustavo E., Radder, Raju, Ramer, Jan, Rasmussen, Arne R., Raxworthy, Chris, Reynolds, Robert, Richman, Nadia, Rico, Edmund L., Riservato, Elisa, Rivas, Gilson, da Rocha, Pedro L. B., Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Rodríguez Schettino, Lourdes, Roosenburg, Willem M., Ross, James P., Sadek, Riyad, Sanders, Kate, Santos-Barrera, Georgina, Schleich, Hermann H., Schmidt, Benedikt R., Schmitz, Andreas, Sharifi, Mozafar, Shea, Glenn, Shi, Hai-Tao, Shine, Richard, Sindaco, Roberto, Slimani, Tahar, Somaweera, Ruchira, Spawls, Steve, Stafford, Peter, Stuebing, Rob, Sweet, Sam, Sy, Emerson, Temple, Helen J., Tognelli, Marcelo F., Tolley, Krystal, Tolson, Peter J., Tuniyev, Boris, Tuniyev, Sako, Üzüm, Nazan, van Buurt, Gerard, Van Sluys, Monique, Velasco, Alvaro, Vences, Miguel, Veselý, Milan, Vinke, Sabine, Vinke, Thomas, Vogel, Gernot, Vogrin, Milan, Vogt, Richard C., Wearn, Oliver R., Werner, Yehudah L., Whiting, Martin J., Wiewandt, Thomas, Wilkinson, John, Wilson, Byron, Wren, Sally, Zamin, Tara, Zhou, Kaiya, and Zug, George

Abstract

Effective and targeted conservation action requires detailed information about species, their distribution, systematics and ecology as well as the distribution of threat processes which affect them. Knowledge of reptilian diversity remains surprisingly disparate, and innovative means of gaining rapid insight into the status of reptiles are needed in order to highlight urgent conservation cases and inform environmental policy with appropriate biodiversity information in a timely manner. We present the first ever global analysis of extinction risk in reptiles, based on a random representative sample of 1500 species (16% of all currently known species). To our knowledge, our results provide the first analysis of the global conservation status and distribution patterns of reptiles and the threats affecting them, highlighting conservation priorities and knowledge gaps which need to be addressed urgently to ensure the continued survival of the world’s reptiles. Nearly one in five reptilian species are threatened with extinction, with another one in five species classed as Data Deficient. The proportion of threatened reptile species is highest in freshwater environments, tropical regions and on oceanic islands, while data deficiency was highest in tropical areas, such as Central Africa and Southeast Asia, and among fossorial reptiles. Our results emphasise the need for research attention to be focussed on tropical areas which are experiencing the most dramatic rates of habitat loss, on fossorial reptiles for which there is a chronic lack of data, and on certain taxa such as snakes for which extinction risk may currently be underestimated due to lack of population information. Conservation actions specifically need to mitigate the effects of human-induced habitat loss and harvesting, which are the predominant threats to reptiles.

Published
2013

11. Ecology, taxonomy and possible life cycles of blood protozoans infecting crag lizards (Pseudocordylus spp.) from the eastern Free State highlands

Author

Van As, Johann, Smit, Nico, Davies Russell, Angela, Heideman, Neil, Van As, Johann, Smit, Nico, Davies Russell, Angela, and Heideman, Neil

Abstract

English: The study of blood parasites of reptiles is a relatively new and unexplored field in South Africa. Therefore, the general aims of this research were to explore the haemoparasite fauna of cordylid lizards, Pseudocordylus melanotus, Pseudocordylus subviridis and Pseudocordylus langi, and especially to search for the definitive hosts and likely vectors of their haemogregarines. Surveys of lizard blood were conducted at various altitudinal gradients on the Sentinel Trail in the escarpment area of the Drakensberg, and at the top of Platberg, near Harrismith, both in the Free State. Five species of haemogregarines were identified, all suspected to belong to the genus Hepatozoon, and none was known from previously published records. These occurred in the blood of P. melanotus, P. langi and P. subviridis from the two disjunct study sites, and mostly were accompanied by other haemoparasites including a saurian malaria, so-called Sauroplasma, and filarial nematodes. Developmental stages of two of the Hepatozoon spp. were documented in the internal organs of P. melanotus and P. subviridis by means of light and confocal microscopy, histology, and transmission electron microscopy. Life stages were also observed in ectoparasitic lizard mites, by means of stained histological sections, and in stained squashes of mites and mosquitoes. Three species of experimentally reared mosquitoes were found to act as likely definitive hosts for Hepatozoon spp. of P. melanotus and P. subviridis, while wild caught Culex (Afroculex) lineata appeared to serve as a definitive host, and therefore possible vector for an Hepatozoon species of P. melanotus at the top of Platberg. A saurian malaria that appeared to have features of two previously described species was recorded in P. melanotus and P. subviridis. New locality records for so-called Sauroplasma and filarial nematodes were also documented for the three species of crag lizards. Some aspects of the fine structure of two haemogregarines, Afrikaans: Die bestudering van bloed parasiete van reptiele is ‘n relatiewe nuut en onbekende veld in Suid-Afrika. Dus was die algemene doelwit van hierdie navorsing om die bloed parasiet fauna van akkedisse in die Cordylidae, Pseudocordylus melanotus, Pseudocordylus subviridis en Pseudocordylus langi te ondersoek en veral die finale gashere en moontlike vektore op te spoor. Akkedis bloed is in die Vrystaat teen verskillende hoogtes versamel by die Sentinel voetslaanpad in die Drakensberg en bo-op Platberg naby Harrismith, wat afsonderlike geïsoleerde areas is. Vyf spesies haemogregarines is geïdentifiseer, waarvan almal klaarblyklik aan die genus Hepatozoon behoort en wat voorheen nog nie beskryf is nie. Hierdie haemogregarines het voorgekom in die bloed van P. melanotus, P. langi en P. subviridis en is gevind tesame met ander bloed parasiete, insluited akkedis malaria, sogenaamde Sauroplasma infeksies en filariale nematode. Die ontwikkelings-stadiums van twee Hepatozoon spp. in die interne organe van P. melanotus en P. subviridis is waargeneem deur middel van van lig, transmissie- en konfokale mikroskopie asook met behulp van histologiese tegnieke. Lewenssiklus-stadia in ektoparasitiese myte en muskiete is waargeneem deur middel van histologiese snitte asook in gekleurde preparate van myte en muskiete. Drie spesies eksperimenteel geteelde muskiete was heel moontlik die finale gashere van Hepatozoon spp. in P. melanotus en P. subviridis. Dit blyk of wilde muskiete Culex (Afroculex) lineata die finale gasheer en dus die vektor vir ‘n Hepatozoon sp. van P. melanotus op Platberg kon wees. ‘n Akkedis malaria met eienskappe van twee voorheen beskryfde spesies, is gevind in die bloed van P. melanotus en P. subviridis. Nuwe lokaliteits-rekords is opgeteken vir sogenaamde Sauroplasma en filariale nematood infeksies in hierdie gasheer spesies. Sommige aspekte van die fyn- struktuur van twee haemogregarines, die Plasmodium sp. asook die sogenaamde Sauroplasma infeksies in th

Published
2012

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