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1. Male secondary sexu al characters in Aphnaeinae wings (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

Author

Bálint, Zsolt, Heath, Alan, Katona, Gergely, Kertész, Krisztián, and Sáfián, Szabolcs

Subjects
Androconia, hair tuft, classifi cation, Palaeotropics, scaling, Ecology, QH540-549.5, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Male secondary sexual characters have been discovered on the hindwing verso of genera Aphnaeus Hübner, [1819], Cigaritis Donzel, 1847, Lipaphnaeus Aurivillius, 1916 and Pseudaletis Druce, 1888 representing the Palaeotropical subfamily Aphnaeinae Lycaenidae: Lepidoptera). Relevant wing parts are illustrated, described, and some observations on the organs are briefly annotated. With an appendix and 14 figures.

Published
2017
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2. The story of my observatory.

Author

Heath, Alan W.

Subjects
*HAZARDOUS substances, *STOLEN goods, *TELEPHONE numbers, *SUN observations, *DUST storms
Published
2024

5. A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins

Author

Kawahara, Akito Y., Storer, Caroline, Carvalho, Ana Paula S., Plotkin, David M., Condamine, Fabien L., Braga, Mariana P., Ellis, Emily A., St Laurent, Ryan A., Li, Xuankun, Barve, Vijay, Cai, Liming, Earl, Chandra, Frandsen, Paul B., Owens, Hannah L., Valencia-Montoya, Wendy A., Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A., Dexter, Kelly M., Doleck, Tenzing, Markee, Amanda, Messcher, Rebeccah, Nguyen, Y-Lan, Badon, Jade Aster T., Benítez, Hugo A., Braby, Michael F., Buenavente, Perry A. C., Chan, Wei-Ping, Collins, Steve C., Childers, Richard A. Rabideau, Dankowicz, Even, Eastwood, Rod, Fric, Zdenek F., Gott, Riley J., Hall, Jason P. W., Hallwachs, Winnie, Hardy, Nate B., Sipe, Rachel L. Hawkins, Heath, Alan, Hinolan, Jomar D., Homziak, Nicholas T., Hsu, Yu-Feng, Inayoshi, Yutaka, Itliong, Micael G. A., Janzen, Daniel H., Kitching, Ian J., Kunte, Krushnamegh, Lamas, Gerardo, Landis, Michael J., Larsen, Elise A., Larsen, Torben B., Leong, Jing V., Lukhtanov, Vladimir, Maier, Crystal A., Martinez, Jose I., Martins, Dino J., Maruyama, Kiyoshi, Maunsell, Sarah C., Mega, Nicolás Oliveira, Monastyrskii, Alexander, Morais, Ana B. B., Müller, Chris J., Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Nielsen, Gregory, Padrón, Pablo Sebastián, Peggie, Djunijanti, Romanowski, Helena Piccoli, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saito, Motoki, Schröder, Stefan, Shirey, Vaughn, Soltis, Doug, Soltis, Pamela, Sourakov, Andrei, Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Vlasanek, Petr, Wang, Houshuai, Warren, Andrew D., Willmott, Keith R., Yago, Masaya, Jetz, Walter, Jarzyna, Marta A., Breinholt, Jesse W., Espeland, Marianne, Ries, Leslie, Guralnick, Robert P., Pierce, Naomi E., Lohman, David J., Kawahara, Akito Y., Storer, Caroline, Carvalho, Ana Paula S., Plotkin, David M., Condamine, Fabien L., Braga, Mariana P., Ellis, Emily A., St Laurent, Ryan A., Li, Xuankun, Barve, Vijay, Cai, Liming, Earl, Chandra, Frandsen, Paul B., Owens, Hannah L., Valencia-Montoya, Wendy A., Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A., Dexter, Kelly M., Doleck, Tenzing, Markee, Amanda, Messcher, Rebeccah, Nguyen, Y-Lan, Badon, Jade Aster T., Benítez, Hugo A., Braby, Michael F., Buenavente, Perry A. C., Chan, Wei-Ping, Collins, Steve C., Childers, Richard A. Rabideau, Dankowicz, Even, Eastwood, Rod, Fric, Zdenek F., Gott, Riley J., Hall, Jason P. W., Hallwachs, Winnie, Hardy, Nate B., Sipe, Rachel L. Hawkins, Heath, Alan, Hinolan, Jomar D., Homziak, Nicholas T., Hsu, Yu-Feng, Inayoshi, Yutaka, Itliong, Micael G. A., Janzen, Daniel H., Kitching, Ian J., Kunte, Krushnamegh, Lamas, Gerardo, Landis, Michael J., Larsen, Elise A., Larsen, Torben B., Leong, Jing V., Lukhtanov, Vladimir, Maier, Crystal A., Martinez, Jose I., Martins, Dino J., Maruyama, Kiyoshi, Maunsell, Sarah C., Mega, Nicolás Oliveira, Monastyrskii, Alexander, Morais, Ana B. B., Müller, Chris J., Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Nielsen, Gregory, Padrón, Pablo Sebastián, Peggie, Djunijanti, Romanowski, Helena Piccoli, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saito, Motoki, Schröder, Stefan, Shirey, Vaughn, Soltis, Doug, Soltis, Pamela, Sourakov, Andrei, Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Vlasanek, Petr, Wang, Houshuai, Warren, Andrew D., Willmott, Keith R., Yago, Masaya, Jetz, Walter, Jarzyna, Marta A., Breinholt, Jesse W., Espeland, Marianne, Ries, Leslie, Guralnick, Robert P., Pierce, Naomi E., and Lohman, David J.

Abstract

Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have evolved with plants and dispersed throughout the world in response to key geological events. However, these hypotheses have not been extensively tested because a comprehensive phylogenetic framework and datasets for butterfly larval hosts and global distributions are lacking. We sequenced 391 genes from nearly 2,300 butterfly species, sampled from 90 countries and 28 specimen collections, to reconstruct a new phylogenomic tree of butterflies representing 92% of all genera. Our phylogeny has strong support for nearly all nodes and demonstrates that at least 36 butterfly tribes require reclassification. Divergence time analyses imply an origin ~100 million years ago for butterflies and indicate that all but one family were present before the K/Pg extinction event. We aggregated larval host datasets and global distribution records and found that butterflies are likely to have first fed on Fabaceae and originated in what is now the Americas. Soon after the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum, butterflies crossed Beringia and diversified in the Palaeotropics. Our results also reveal that most butterfly species are specialists that feed on only one larval host plant family. However, generalist butterflies that consume two or more plant families usually feed on closely related plants.

Published
2023

6. A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins

Author

Kawahara, Akito Y, Storer, Caroline, Carvalho, Ana Paula S, Plotkin, David M, Condamine, Fabien L, Braga, Mariana P, Ellis, Emily A, St Laurent, Ryan A, Li, Xuankun, Barve, Vijay, Cai, Liming, Earl, Chandra, Frandsen, Paul B, Owens, Hannah L, Valencia-Montoya, Wendy A, Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, Toussaint, Emmanuel FA, Dexter, Kelly M, Doleck, Tenzing, Markee, Amanda, Messcher, Rebeccah, Nguyen, Y-Lan, Badon, Jade Aster T, Benítez, Hugo A, Braby, Michael F, Buenavente, Perry AC, Chan, Wei-Ping, Collins, Steve C, Rabideau Childers, Richard A, Dankowicz, Even, Eastwood, Rod, Fric, Zdenek F, Gott, Riley J, Hall, Jason PW, Hallwachs, Winnie, Hardy, Nate B, Sipe, Rachel L Hawkins, Heath, Alan, Hinolan, Jomar D, Homziak, Nicholas T, Hsu, Yu-Feng, Inayoshi, Yutaka, Itliong, Micael GA, Janzen, Daniel H, Kitching, I, Kunte, Krushnamegh, Lamas, Gerardo, Landis, Michael J, Larsen, Elise A, Larsen, Torben B, Leong, Jing V, Lukhtanov, Vladimir, Maier, Crystal A, Martinez, Jose I, Martins, Dino J, Maruyama, Kiyoshi, Maunsell, Sarah C, Mega, Nicolás Oliveira, Monastyrskii, Alexander, Morais, Ana BB, Müller, Chris J, Naive, Mark Arcebal K, Nielsen, Gregory, Padrón, Pablo Sebastián, Peggie, Djunijanti, Romanowski, Helena Piccoli, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saito, Motoki, Schröder, Stefan, Shirey, Vaughn, Soltis, Doug, Soltis, Pamela, Sourakov, Andrei, Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Vlasanek, Petr, Wang, Houshuai, Warren, Andrew D, Willmott, Keith R, Yago, Masaya, Jetz, Walter, Jarzyna, Marta A, Breinholt, Jesse W, Espeland, Marianne, Ries, Leslie, Guralnick, Robert P, Pierce, Naomi E, Lohman, David J, Kawahara, Akito Y, Storer, Caroline, Carvalho, Ana Paula S, Plotkin, David M, Condamine, Fabien L, Braga, Mariana P, Ellis, Emily A, St Laurent, Ryan A, Li, Xuankun, Barve, Vijay, Cai, Liming, Earl, Chandra, Frandsen, Paul B, Owens, Hannah L, Valencia-Montoya, Wendy A, Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, Toussaint, Emmanuel FA, Dexter, Kelly M, Doleck, Tenzing, Markee, Amanda, Messcher, Rebeccah, Nguyen, Y-Lan, Badon, Jade Aster T, Benítez, Hugo A, Braby, Michael F, Buenavente, Perry AC, Chan, Wei-Ping, Collins, Steve C, Rabideau Childers, Richard A, Dankowicz, Even, Eastwood, Rod, Fric, Zdenek F, Gott, Riley J, Hall, Jason PW, Hallwachs, Winnie, Hardy, Nate B, Sipe, Rachel L Hawkins, Heath, Alan, Hinolan, Jomar D, Homziak, Nicholas T, Hsu, Yu-Feng, Inayoshi, Yutaka, Itliong, Micael GA, Janzen, Daniel H, Kitching, I, Kunte, Krushnamegh, Lamas, Gerardo, Landis, Michael J, Larsen, Elise A, Larsen, Torben B, Leong, Jing V, Lukhtanov, Vladimir, Maier, Crystal A, Martinez, Jose I, Martins, Dino J, Maruyama, Kiyoshi, Maunsell, Sarah C, Mega, Nicolás Oliveira, Monastyrskii, Alexander, Morais, Ana BB, Müller, Chris J, Naive, Mark Arcebal K, Nielsen, Gregory, Padrón, Pablo Sebastián, Peggie, Djunijanti, Romanowski, Helena Piccoli, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saito, Motoki, Schröder, Stefan, Shirey, Vaughn, Soltis, Doug, Soltis, Pamela, Sourakov, Andrei, Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Vlasanek, Petr, Wang, Houshuai, Warren, Andrew D, Willmott, Keith R, Yago, Masaya, Jetz, Walter, Jarzyna, Marta A, Breinholt, Jesse W, Espeland, Marianne, Ries, Leslie, Guralnick, Robert P, Pierce, Naomi E, and Lohman, David J

Abstract

Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have evolved with plants and dispersed throughout the world in response to key geological events. However, these hypotheses have not been extensively tested because a comprehensive phylogenetic framework and datasets for butterfly larval hosts and global distributions are lacking. We sequenced 391 genes from nearly 2,300 butterfly species, sampled from 90 countries and 28 specimen collections, to reconstruct a new phylogenomic tree of butterflies representing 92% of all genera. Our phylogeny has strong support for nearly all nodes and demonstrates that at least 36 butterfly tribes require reclassification. Divergence time analyses imply an origin ~100 million years ago for butterflies and indicate that all but one family were present before the K/Pg extinction event. We aggregated larval host datasets and global distribution records and found that butterflies are likely to have first fed on Fabaceae and originated in what is now the Americas. Soon after the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum, butterflies crossed Beringia and diversified in the Palaeotropics. Our results also reveal that most butterfly species are specialists that feed on only one larval host plant family. However, generalist butterflies that consume two or more plant families usually feed on closely related plants.

Published
2023

7. Rapid radiation of ant parasitic butterflies during the Miocene aridification of Africa

Author

Research Council of Norway, German Research Foundation, Synthesys, Museum of Comparative Zoology (US), Hintelmann Award for Zoological Systematics, Espeland, Marianne, Chazot, Nicolas, Condamine, Fabien L., Lemmon, Alan R., Moriarty Lemmon, Emily, Pringle, Ernest, Heath, Alan, Collins, Steve, Tiren, Wilson, Mutiso, Martha, Lees, David C., Fisher, Stewart, Murphy, Raymond, Woodhall, Stephen, Tropek, Robert, Ahlborn, Svenja S., Cockburn, Kevin, Dobson, Jeremy, Bouyer, Thierry, Kaliszewska, Zofia A., Baker, Christopher C. M., Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Gardiner, Alan J., Williams, Mark, Martins, Dino J., Sáfián, Szabolcs, Edge, David A., Pierce, Naomi E., Research Council of Norway, German Research Foundation, Synthesys, Museum of Comparative Zoology (US), Hintelmann Award for Zoological Systematics, Espeland, Marianne, Chazot, Nicolas, Condamine, Fabien L., Lemmon, Alan R., Moriarty Lemmon, Emily, Pringle, Ernest, Heath, Alan, Collins, Steve, Tiren, Wilson, Mutiso, Martha, Lees, David C., Fisher, Stewart, Murphy, Raymond, Woodhall, Stephen, Tropek, Robert, Ahlborn, Svenja S., Cockburn, Kevin, Dobson, Jeremy, Bouyer, Thierry, Kaliszewska, Zofia A., Baker, Christopher C. M., Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Gardiner, Alan J., Williams, Mark, Martins, Dino J., Sáfián, Szabolcs, Edge, David A., and Pierce, Naomi E.

Abstract

Africa has undergone a progressive aridification during the last 20 My that presumably impacted organisms and fostered the evolution of life history adaptations. We test the hypothesis that shift to living in ant nests and feeding on ant brood by larvae of phyto-predaceous Lepidochrysops butterflies was an adaptive response to the aridification of Africa that facilitated the subsequent radiation of butterflies in this genus. Using anchored hybrid enrichment we constructed a time-calibrated phylogeny for Lepidochrysops and its closest, non-parasitic relatives in the Euchrysops section (Poloyommatini). We estimated ancestral areas across the phylogeny with process-based biogeographical models and diversification rates relying on time-variable and clade-heterogeneous birth-death models. The Euchrysops section originated with the emerging Miombo woodlands about 22 million years ago (Mya) and spread to drier biomes as they became available in the late Miocene. The diversification of the non-parasitic lineages decreased as aridification intensified around 10 Mya, culminating in diversity decline. In contrast, the diversification of the phyto-predaceous Lepidochrysops lineage proceeded rapidly from about 6.5 Mya when this unusual life history likely first evolved. The Miombo woodlands were the cradle for diversification of the Euchrysops section, and our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that aridification during the Miocene selected for a phyto-predaceous life history in species of Lepidochrysops, with ant nests likely providing caterpillars a safe refuge from fire and a source of food when vegetation was scarce.

Published
2023

8. A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins

Author

National Science Foundation (US), National Geographic Society, Research Council of Norway, Hintelmann Award for Zoological Systematics, European Research Council, Swedish Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Russian Science Foundation, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Kawahara, Akito Y., Storer, Caroline, Carvalho, Ana Paula S., Plotkin, David M., Condamine, Fabien L., Braga, Mariana P., Ellis, Emily A., St Laurent, Ryan A., Li, Xuankun, Barve, Vijay, Cai, Liming, Earl, Chandra, Frandsen, Paul B., Owens, Hannah L., Valencia-Montoya, Wendy A., Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A., Dexter, Kelly M., Doleck, Tenzing, Markee, Amanda, Messcher, Rebeccah, Nguyen, Y-Lan, Badon, Jade Aster T., Benítez, Hugo A., Braby, Michael F., Buenavente, Perry A. C., Chan, Wei-Ping, Collins, Steve C., Rabideau Childers, Richard A., Dankowicz, Even, Eastwood, Rod, Fric, Zdenek F., Gott, Riley J., Hall, Jason P. W., Hallwachs, Winnie, Hardy, Nate B., Sipe, Rachel L. Hawkins, Heath, Alan, Hinolan, Jomar D., Homziak, Nicholas T., Hsu, Yu-Feng, Inayoshi, Yutaka, Itliong, Micael G. A., Janzen, Daniel H., Kitching, Ian J., Kunte, Krushnamegh, Lamas, Gerardo, Landis, Michael J., Larsen, Elise A., Larsen, Torben B., Leong, Jing V., Lukhtanov, Vladimir, Maier, Crystal A., Martínez, José I., Martins, Dino J., Maruyama, Kiyoshi, Maunsell, Sarah C., Mega, Nicolás Oliveira, Monastyrskii, Alexander, Morais, Ana B., Müller, Chris J., Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Nielsen, Gregory, Padrón, Pablo Sebastián, Peggie, Djunijanti, Romanowski, Helena Piccoli, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saito, Motoki, Schröder, Stefan, Shirey, Vaughn, Soltis, Doug, Soltis, Pamela, Sourakov, Andrei, Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Vlasanek, Petr, Wang, Houshuai, Warren, Andrew D., Willmott, K. R., Yago, Masaya, Jetz, Walter, Jarzyna, M.A., Breinholt, Jesse W., Espeland, Marianne, Ries, Leslie, Guralnick, Robert P., Pierce, Naomi E., Lohman, David J., National Science Foundation (US), National Geographic Society, Research Council of Norway, Hintelmann Award for Zoological Systematics, European Research Council, Swedish Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Russian Science Foundation, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Kawahara, Akito Y., Storer, Caroline, Carvalho, Ana Paula S., Plotkin, David M., Condamine, Fabien L., Braga, Mariana P., Ellis, Emily A., St Laurent, Ryan A., Li, Xuankun, Barve, Vijay, Cai, Liming, Earl, Chandra, Frandsen, Paul B., Owens, Hannah L., Valencia-Montoya, Wendy A., Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A., Dexter, Kelly M., Doleck, Tenzing, Markee, Amanda, Messcher, Rebeccah, Nguyen, Y-Lan, Badon, Jade Aster T., Benítez, Hugo A., Braby, Michael F., Buenavente, Perry A. C., Chan, Wei-Ping, Collins, Steve C., Rabideau Childers, Richard A., Dankowicz, Even, Eastwood, Rod, Fric, Zdenek F., Gott, Riley J., Hall, Jason P. W., Hallwachs, Winnie, Hardy, Nate B., Sipe, Rachel L. Hawkins, Heath, Alan, Hinolan, Jomar D., Homziak, Nicholas T., Hsu, Yu-Feng, Inayoshi, Yutaka, Itliong, Micael G. A., Janzen, Daniel H., Kitching, Ian J., Kunte, Krushnamegh, Lamas, Gerardo, Landis, Michael J., Larsen, Elise A., Larsen, Torben B., Leong, Jing V., Lukhtanov, Vladimir, Maier, Crystal A., Martínez, José I., Martins, Dino J., Maruyama, Kiyoshi, Maunsell, Sarah C., Mega, Nicolás Oliveira, Monastyrskii, Alexander, Morais, Ana B., Müller, Chris J., Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Nielsen, Gregory, Padrón, Pablo Sebastián, Peggie, Djunijanti, Romanowski, Helena Piccoli, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saito, Motoki, Schröder, Stefan, Shirey, Vaughn, Soltis, Doug, Soltis, Pamela, Sourakov, Andrei, Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Vlasanek, Petr, Wang, Houshuai, Warren, Andrew D., Willmott, K. R., Yago, Masaya, Jetz, Walter, Jarzyna, M.A., Breinholt, Jesse W., Espeland, Marianne, Ries, Leslie, Guralnick, Robert P., Pierce, Naomi E., and Lohman, David J.

Abstract

Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have evolved with plants and dispersed throughout the world in response to key geological events. However, these hypotheses have not been extensively tested because a comprehensive phylogenetic framework and datasets for butterfly larval hosts and global distributions are lacking. We sequenced 391 genes from nearly 2,300 butterfly species, sampled from 90 countries and 28 specimen collections, to reconstruct a new phylogenomic tree of butterflies representing 92% of all genera. Our phylogeny has strong support for nearly all nodes and demonstrates that at least 36 butterfly tribes require reclassification. Divergence time analyses imply an origin ~100 million years ago for butterflies and indicate that all but one family were present before the K/Pg extinction event. We aggregated larval host datasets and global distribution records and found that butterflies are likely to have first fed on Fabaceae and originated in what is now the Americas. Soon after the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum, butterflies crossed Beringia and diversified in the Palaeotropics. Our results also reveal that most butterfly species are specialists that feed on only one larval host plant family. However, generalist butterflies that consume two or more plant families usually feed on closely related plants.

Published
2023

9. Dataset from: Rapid radiation of ant parasitic butterflies during the Miocene aridification of Africa

Author

Espeland, Marianne, Chazot, Nicolas, Condamine, Fabien L., Lemmon, Alan R., Moriarty Lemmon, Emily, Pringle, Ernest, Heath, Alan, Collins, Steve, Tiren, Wilson, Mutiso, Martha, Lees, David C., Fisher, Stewart, Murphy, Raymond, Woodhall, Stephen, Tropek, Robert, Baker, Christopher C. M., Ahlborn, Svenja S., Cockburn, Kevin, Dobson, Jeremy, Bouyer, Thierry, Kaliszewska, Zofia A., Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Gardiner, Alan J., Williams, Mark, Martins, Dino J., Sáfián, Szabolcs, Edge, David A., Pierce, Naomi E., Espeland, Marianne, Chazot, Nicolas, Condamine, Fabien L., Lemmon, Alan R., Moriarty Lemmon, Emily, Pringle, Ernest, Heath, Alan, Collins, Steve, Tiren, Wilson, Mutiso, Martha, Lees, David C., Fisher, Stewart, Murphy, Raymond, Woodhall, Stephen, Tropek, Robert, Baker, Christopher C. M., Ahlborn, Svenja S., Cockburn, Kevin, Dobson, Jeremy, Bouyer, Thierry, Kaliszewska, Zofia A., Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Gardiner, Alan J., Williams, Mark, Martins, Dino J., Sáfián, Szabolcs, Edge, David A., and Pierce, Naomi E.

Abstract

Africa has undergone a progressive aridification during the last 20 My that presumably impacted organisms and fostered the evolution of life history adaptations. We test the hypothesis that shift to living in ant nests and feeding on ant brood by larvae of phyto-predaceous Lepidochrysops butterflies was an adaptive response to the aridification of Africa that facilitated the subsequent radiation of butterflies in this genus. Using anchored hybrid enrichment we constructed a time-calibrated phylogeny for Lepidochrysops and its closest, non-parasitic relatives in the Euchrysops section (Poloyommatini). We estimated ancestral areas across the phylogeny with process-based biogeographical models and diversification rates relying on time-variable and clade-heterogeneous birth-death models. The Euchrysops section originated with the emerging Miombo woodlands about 22 million years ago (Mya), and spread to drier biomes as they became available in the late Miocene. The diversification of the non-parasitic lineages decreased as aridification intensified around 10 Mya, culminating in diversity decline. In contrast, the diversification of the phyto-predaceous Lepidochrysops lineage proceeded rapidly from about 6.5 Mya when this unusual life history likely first evolved. The Miombo woodlands were the cradle for diversification of the Euchrysops section, and our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that aridification during the Miocene selected for a phyto-predaceous life history in species of Lepidochrysops, with ant nests likely providing caterpillars a safe refuge from fire and a source of food when vegetation was scarce.

Published
2023

10. Rapid radiation of ant parasitic butterflies during the Miocene aridification of Africa

Author

Espeland, Marianne, primary, Chazot, Nicolas, additional, Condamine, Fabien L., additional, Lemmon, Alan R., additional, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, additional, Pringle, Ernest, additional, Heath, Alan, additional, Collins, Steve, additional, Tiren, Wilson, additional, Mutiso, Martha, additional, Lees, David C., additional, Fisher, Stewart, additional, Murphy, Raymond, additional, Woodhall, Stephen, additional, Tropek, Robert, additional, Ahlborn, Svenja S., additional, Cockburn, Kevin, additional, Dobson, Jeremy, additional, Bouyer, Thierry, additional, Kaliszewska, Zofia A., additional, Baker, Christopher C. M., additional, Talavera, Gerard, additional, Vila, Roger, additional, Gardiner, Alan J., additional, Williams, Mark, additional, Martins, Dino J., additional, Sáfián, Szabolcs, additional, Edge, David A., additional, and Pierce, Naomi E., additional

Published
2023
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11. Chyrsoritis: Part I. Table S4.Pairwise Φst matrix for thysbe clade species.xlsx

Author

Quek, Swee Peck, Heath, Alan, and Pringle, Ernest

Abstract

Pairwise ΦST values (and corresponding p values) among Chrysoritis species within the thysbe clade, obtained from analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA). In the sheet entitled " FST (p value range color coded)," the pairwise ΦST values are shown, while the p value range for each ΦST value is noted by the color of the cell. A color key for the p value ranges is shown at the bottom end of the data. Actual p values can be found in the sheet entitled "p value."

Published
2023
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19. Chrysoritis: Part I. Table S5. Pairwise Φst matrix for thysbe clade subspecies.xlsx

Author

Quek, Swee Peck, Heath, Alan, and Pringle, Ernest

Abstract

Pairwise ΦST values (and corresponding p values) among Chrysoritis subspecies within the thysbe clade, obtained from analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA). In the sheet entitled "Fst (p value range color coded)," the pairwise ΦST values are shown, while the p value range for each ΦST value is noted by the color of the cell. A color key for the p value ranges is shown at the bottom end of the data. Actual p values can be found in the sheet entitled "p value."

Published
2023
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24. Table S4.Pairwise Φst matrix for Chyrsoritis (thysbe clade) species.xlsx

Author

Quek, Swee Peck, Heath, Alan, and Pringle, Ernest

Abstract

Pairwise ΦST values (and corresponding p values) among Chrysoritis species within the thysbe clade, obtained from analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA). In the sheet entitled " FST (p value range color coded)," the pairwise ΦST values are shown, while the p value range for each ΦST value is noted by the color of the cell. A color key for the p value ranges is shown at the bottom end of the data. Actual p values can be found in the sheet entitled "p value."

Published
2022
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28. Table S5. Pairwise Φst matrix for Chrysoritis (thysbe clade) subspecies.xlsx

Author

Quek, Swee Peck, Heath, Alan, and Pringle, Ernest

Abstract

Pairwise ΦST values (and corresponding p values) among Chrysoritis subspecies within the thysbe clade, obtained from analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA). In the sheet entitled "Fst (p value range color coded)," the pairwise ΦST values are shown, while the p value range for each ΦST value is noted by the color of the cell. A color key for the p value ranges is shown at the bottom end of the data. Actual p values can be found in the sheet entitled "p value."

Published
2022
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33. Reproducibility of serologic assays for influenza virus A (H5N1)

Author

Stephenson, Iain, Heath, Alan, Major, Diane, Newman, Robert W., Hoschler, Katja, Junzi, Wang, Katz, Jacqueline M., Weir, Jerry P., Zambon, Maria C., and Wood, John M.

Subjects
Diagnosis, Usage, Research, Genetic aspects, Causes of, Health aspects, Influenza viruses -- Health aspects -- Genetic aspects -- Research, Avian influenza -- Causes of -- Diagnosis -- Research, Serologic tests -- Usage, Serodiagnosis -- Usage
Abstract

Influenza viruses agglutinate erythrocytes by binding to cell surface sialic acid. Agglutination may be blocked by strain-specific antibody detectable in hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests (1). Because serum HI titers correlate with [...]

Published
2009
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34. Transgenic mice as an alternative to monkeys for neurovirulence testing of live oral poliovirus vaccine: validation by a WHO collaborative study

Author

Dragunsky, Eugenia, Nomura, Tatsuji, Karpinski, Kazimir, Furesz, John, Wood, David J., Pervikov, Yuri, Abe, Shinobu, Kurata, Takeshi, Vanloocke, Olivier, Karganova, Galina, Taffs, Rolf, Heath, Alan, Ivshina, Anna, and Levenbook, Inessa

Subjects
Testing, Evaluation, Usage, Animal research models -- Usage -- Evaluation, Neurological tests -- Usage, Virulence (Microbiology) -- Testing -- Usage, Diagnosis -- Usage, Neurology -- Usage, Genetically modified mice -- Evaluation -- Usage, Poliovirus vaccines -- Testing -- Usage -- Evaluation, Animal models in research -- Usage -- Evaluation, Poliomyelitis vaccine -- Testing -- Usage -- Evaluation
Abstract

Introduction The neurovirulence test (NVT) for oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is a key test for monitoring the consistency of vaccine production (1), and following WHO guidelines is required for each [...], Objective Extensive WHO collaborative studies were performed to evaluate the suitability of transgenic mice susceptible to poliovirus (TgPVR mice, strain 21, bred and provided by the Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Japan) as an alternative to monkeys in the neurovirulence test (NVT) of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Methods Nine laboratories participated in the collaborative study on testing neurovirulence of 94 preparations of OPV and vaccine derivatives of all three serotypes in TgPVR21 mice. Findings Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that the TgPVR21 mouse NVT was of comparable sensitivity and reproducibility to the conventional WHO NVT in simians. A statistical model for acceptance/rejection of OPV lots in the mouse test was developed, validated, and shown to be suitable for all three vaccine types. The assessment of the transgenic mouse NVT is based on clinical evaluation of paralysed mice. Unlike the monkey NVT, histological examination of central nervous system tissue of each mouse offered no advantage over careful and detailed clinical observation. Conclusions Based on data from the collaborative studies the WHO Expert Committee for Biological Standardization approved the mouse NVT as an alternative to the monkey test for all three OPV types and defined a standard implementation process for laboratories that wish to use the test. This represents the first successful introduction of transgenic animals into control of biologicals. Keywords Poliovirus vaccine, Oral/toxicity; Mice, Transgenic/physiology; Macaca mulatta; Nervous system/virology; Virulence; Sensitivity and specificity; Reproducibility of results; World Health Organization; Comparative study; Validation studies (source: MESH, NLM). Mots cles Vaccin antipoliomyelitique Sabin/toxicite; Souris transgeniques/physiologie; Macaca mulatta; Systeme nerveux/virologie; Virulence; Sensibilite et specificite (Epidemiologie); Reproductibilite des resultats; Organisation mondiale de la Sante; Etude comparative; Etude validation (source: MESH, INSERM). Palabras clave Vacuna antipolio oral/toxicidad; Ratones transgenicos/fisiologia; Macaca mulatta; Sistema nervioso/virologia; Virulencia; Sensibilidad y especificidad; Reproducibilidad de resultados; Organizacion Mundial de la Salud; Estudio comparativo; Estudios de validacion (fuente: DeCS, BIREME).

Published
2003

37. Book reviews

Author

Dame, Richard F., Harrington, John P., Heath, Alan G., Blum, Linda, and Ambler, Julie W.

Published
1998
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38. Recent diversification of Chrysoritis butterflies in the South African Cape (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Fundación "la Caixa", European Commission, National Geographic Society, National Science Foundation (US), Museum of Comparative Zoology (US), Talavera, Gerard, Kaliszewska, Zofia A., Heath, Alan, Pierce, Naomi E., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Fundación "la Caixa", European Commission, National Geographic Society, National Science Foundation (US), Museum of Comparative Zoology (US), Talavera, Gerard, Kaliszewska, Zofia A., Heath, Alan, and Pierce, Naomi E.

Abstract

Although best known for its extraordinary radiations of endemic plant species, the South African fynbos is home to a great diversity of phytophagous insects, including butterflies in the genus Chrysoritis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). These butterflies are remarkably uniform morphologically; nevertheless, they comprise 43 currently accepted species and 68 currently valid taxonomic names. While many species have highly restricted, dot-like distributions, others are widespread. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic and biogeographic history underlying their diversification by analyzing molecular markers from 406 representatives of all described species throughout their respective ranges. We recover monophyletic clades for both C. chrysaor and C. thysbe species-groups, and identify a set of lineages that fall between them. The estimated age of divergence for the genus is 32 Mya, and we document significantly rapid diversification of the thysbe species-group in the Pleistocene (~2 Mya). Using ancestral geographic range reconstruction, we show that West Fynbos is the most likely region of origin for the radiation of the thysbe species-group. The colonization of this region occurred 9 Mya and appears to have been followed by a long period of relative stasis before a recent increase in diversification. Thus, the thysbe radiation does not appear to have resulted from the colonization of new biogeographic areas. Rather, the impact of species interactions (with ants and plants), the appearance of key innovations, and/or the opening of new ecological niche space in the region might explain the sudden burst of speciation that occurred in this group 2 Mya. The biogeographic model suggests two different diversification processes with few historical cross-colonisations, one in eastern South Africa for the C. chrysaor group and the other in western South Africa for the remaining taxa. Distributional range assessments and ecological niche models for each species show important niche ov

Published
2020

42. What you’re saying.

Author

Dagdagan, Arnold, Fan, Shue Khee, Richards, Todd, Walker, Tex, Littlewood, Martin, Heath, Alan, Flower, Dan, Valenzuela, Arnold, and Reeve, Chris

Published
2024

43. Male secondary sexual characters in Aphnaeinae wings (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

Author

Bálint, Zsolt, Heath, Alan, Katona, Gergely, Kertész, Krisztián, and Sáfián, Szabolcs

Subjects
Androconia, hair tuft, classification, Palaeotropics, scaling
Abstract

Male secondary sexual characters have been discovered on the hindwing verso of genera Aphnaeus Hübner, [1819], Cigaritis Donzel, 1847, Lipaphnaeus Aurivillius, 1916 and Pseudaletis Druce, 1888 representing the Palaeotropical subfamily Aphnaeinae (Lycaenidae: Lepidoptera). Relevant wing parts are illustrated, described, and some observations on the organs are briefly annotated. With an appendix and 14 figures.

Published
2017

44. The Physiology of Fishes, 2d ed

Author

Heath, Alan G.

Subjects
The Physiology of Fishes, 2d Ed (Book), Books -- Book reviews
Abstract

With the exception of Lynwood Smith's (1982) little book Introduction To Fish Physiology (now out of print), there has never been an attempt to distill the whole subject of fish [...]

Published
1994

45. Society Business

Author

McIntosh, Robert P., Zerfing, Richard, and Heath, Alan G.

Published
1976

49. International Laboratory Comparison of Influenza Microneutralization Assays for A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and A(H5N1) Influenza Viruses by CONSISE

Author

Laurie, Karen L., Engelhardt, Othmar G., Wood, John, Heath, Alan, Katz, Jacqueline M., Peiris, Malik, Hoschler, Katja, Hungnes, Olav, Zhang, Wenqing, Van Kerkhove, Maria D., Katz, Jaccqueline, Xiuhua, Lu, Levine, Min, Veguilla, Vic, Liu, Feng, Bai, Yaohui, Puthavathana, Pilaipan, Lerdsamran, Hatairat, Pooruk, Phisanu, Nateerom, Knnika, Castrucci, Maria Rita, Donatelli, Isabella, Facchini, Marzia, Kishida, Noriko, Tashiro, Masato, Odagiri, Takato, Pawar, Shailesh D., Kode, Sadhana S., Hawksworth, Anthony, Ortiguerra, Ryan, Brice, Gary, Martin, Nicholas, Kochel, Tad, Sanchez, Jose, Cooper, Michael, Cummings, James, Wagner, Ralf, Goepfert, Constanze, Alex, Nina, Hammann, Joanna, Neumann, Britta, Perera, Mahendra, Montomoli, Emanuele, Lapini, Guilia, Sbragi, Sara, Bai, Tian, Zaijiang, Yu, Zhou, Jianfang, Carolan, Louise, and Laurie, Karen

Subjects
Hemagglutination, International Cooperation, Clinical Biochemistry, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, Serology, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, REPRODUCIBILITY, INFECTION, Influenza A Virus, Immunology and Allergy, Viral, SEROLOGIC ASSAYS, biology, H5N1, Titer, Infectious Diseases, 1107 Immunology, H5N1 Subtype, Antibody, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human, Microbiology (medical), Immunology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Microbiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Virus, Antibodies, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Neutralization Tests, Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, Influenza, Human, medicine, Microneutralization Assay, Animals, Humans, H1N1 Subtype, Protocol (science), Science & Technology, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, Ferrets, Reproducibility of Results, Virology, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Influenza, ANTIBODY, biology.protein, CONSISE Laboratory Working Group participants
Abstract

The microneutralization assay is commonly used to detect antibodies to influenza virus, and multiple protocols are used worldwide. These protocols differ in the incubation time of the assay as well as in the order of specific steps, and even within protocols there are often further adjustments in individual laboratories. The impact these protocol variations have on influenza serology data is unclear. Thus, a laboratory comparison of the 2-day enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and 3-day hemagglutination (HA) microneutralization (MN) protocols, using A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and A(H5N1) viruses, was performed by the CONSISE Laboratory Working Group. Individual laboratories performed both assay protocols, on multiple occasions, using different serum panels. Thirteen laboratories from around the world participated. Within each laboratory, serum sample titers for the different assay protocols were compared between assays to determine the sensitivity of each assay and were compared between replicates to assess the reproducibility of each protocol for each laboratory. There was good correlation of the results obtained using the two assay protocols in most laboratories, indicating that these assays may be interchangeable for detecting antibodies to the influenza A viruses included in this study. Importantly, participating laboratories have aligned their methodologies to the CONSISE consensus 2-day ELISA and 3-day HA MN assay protocols to enable better correlation of these assays in the future.

Published
2015

50. USP compendial methods for analysis of heparin: chromatographic determination of molecular weight distributions for heparin sodium

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Shriver, Zachary H, Mulloy, Barbara, Heath, Alan, Jameison, Fabian, Al Hakim, Ali, Morris, Tina S., Szajek, Anita Y., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Shriver, Zachary H, Mulloy, Barbara, Heath, Alan, Jameison, Fabian, Al Hakim, Ali, Morris, Tina S., and Szajek, Anita Y.

Abstract

Heparin is a polysaccharide product isolated from glycosaminoglycans of porcine mucosa (or occasionally other tissues and species). It is a linear non-uniform polymer consisting of alternating glucosamine and uronic acid monosaccharide residues and is highly sulfated. Heparin sodium drug product (HP) used in medicine consists of chains with molecular weight (MW) ranging from under 5,000 to over 50,000. Although HP has been used as an injectable antithrombotic medicine for more than 70 years, many aspects of its structure and purity, including its MW, have not been specified by public standards until recent years. In 2008, a number of HP lots associated with severe adverse effects, including fatalities, were found to have been contaminated with oversulfated chondroitin sulfate. This incident led to thorough revision of compendial standards worldwide. In the USA, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) encouraged the inclusion of enhanced standards for purity and identity in the relevant monographs of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) including acceptance criteria for MW distribution.

Published
2016

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