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2. ISSCR Education Committee syllabus and learning guide for enhancing stem cell literacy

Author

Perlin, Julie R, Anderson, William J, Bartfeld, Sina, Couturier, Anna, de Soysa, Yvanka, Hawley, R Scott, Hu, Ping, Loh, Yuin-Han, Mandal, Lolitika, Master, Zubin, Muotri, Alysson R, Piddini, Eugenia, Polo, Jose M, and Mazzoni, Esteban O

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human, Stem Cell Research, Quality Education, Curriculum, Literacy, Stem Cells, Clinical Sciences, Biochemistry and cell biology
Abstract

The rapidly evolving stem cell field puts much stress on developing educational resources. The ISSCR Education Committee has created a flexible stem cell syllabus rooted in core concepts to facilitate stem cell literacy. The free syllabus will be updated regularly to maintain accuracy and relevance.

Published
2023

3. Tight focal spots using azimuthally polarised light from a Fresnel cone

Author

Hawley, R. D., Offer, R., Radwell, N., and Franke-Arnold, S.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

When focusing a light beam at high numerical aperture, the resulting electric field profile in the focal plane depends on the transverse polarisation profile, as interference between different parts of the beam needs to be taken into account. It is well known that radial polarised light produces a longitudinal polarisation component and can be focused below the conventional diffraction limit for homogeneously polarised light, and azimuthally polarised light that carries one unit of angular momentum can achieve even tighter focal spots. This is of interest for example for enhancing resolution in scanning microscopy. There are numerous ways to generate such polarisation structures, however, setups can be expensive and usually rely on birefringent components, hence prohibiting broadband operation. We have recently demonstrated a passive, low-cost technique using a simple glass cone (Fresnel cone) to generate beams with structured polarisation. We show here that the polarisation structure generated by Fresnel cones focuses better than radial polarised light at all numerical apertures. Furthermore, we investigate in detail the application of polarised light structures for two-photon microscopy. Specifically we demonstrate a method that allows us to generate the desired polarisation structure at the back aperture of the microscope by pre-compensating any detrimental phase shifts using a combination of waveplates.

Published
2020
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5. Highly contiguous assemblies of 101 drosophilid genomes.

Author

Kim, Bernard Y, Wang, Jeremy R, Miller, Danny E, Barmina, Olga, Delaney, Emily, Thompson, Ammon, Comeault, Aaron A, Peede, David, D'Agostino, Emmanuel Rr, Pelaez, Julianne, Aguilar, Jessica M, Haji, Diler, Matsunaga, Teruyuki, Armstrong, Ellie E, Zych, Molly, Ogawa, Yoshitaka, Stamenković-Radak, Marina, Jelić, Mihailo, Veselinović, Marija Savić, Tanasković, Marija, Erić, Pavle, Gao, Jian-Jun, Katoh, Takehiro K, Toda, Masanori J, Watabe, Hideaki, Watada, Masayoshi, Davis, Jeremy S, Moyle, Leonie C, Manoli, Giulia, Bertolini, Enrico, Košťál, Vladimír, Hawley, R Scott, Takahashi, Aya, Jones, Corbin D, Price, Donald K, Whiteman, Noah, Kopp, Artyom, Matute, Daniel R, and Petrov, Dmitri A

Subjects
D. melanogaster, Drosophila, Drosophilidae, comparative genomics, evolutionary biology, genetics, genome assembly, genomics, long reads, nanopore, Biochemistry and Cell Biology
Abstract

Over 100 years of studies in Drosophila melanogaster and related species in the genus Drosophila have facilitated key discoveries in genetics, genomics, and evolution. While high-quality genome assemblies exist for several species in this group, they only encompass a small fraction of the genus. Recent advances in long-read sequencing allow high-quality genome assemblies for tens or even hundreds of species to be efficiently generated. Here, we utilize Oxford Nanopore sequencing to build an open community resource of genome assemblies for 101 lines of 93 drosophilid species encompassing 14 species groups and 35 sub-groups. The genomes are highly contiguous and complete, with an average contig N50 of 10.5 Mb and greater than 97% BUSCO completeness in 97/101 assemblies. We show that Nanopore-based assemblies are highly accurate in coding regions, particularly with respect to coding insertions and deletions. These assemblies, along with a detailed laboratory protocol and assembly pipelines, are released as a public resource and will serve as a starting point for addressing broad questions of genetics, ecology, and evolution at the scale of hundreds of species.

Published
2021

6. Rapid Low-Cost Assembly of the Drosophila melanogaster Reference Genome Using Low-Coverage, Long-Read Sequencing.

Author

Solares, Edwin A, Chakraborty, Mahul, Miller, Danny E, Kalsow, Shannon, Hall, Kate, Perera, Anoja G, Emerson, JJ, and Hawley, R Scott

Subjects
Animals, Drosophila melanogaster, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Computational Biology, Genomics, Gene Library, Genome, Insect, Genome, Mitochondrial, Genetic Variation, Molecular Sequence Annotation, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Drosophila, genome assembly, nanopore sequencing, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Genome, Insect, Mitochondrial, Genetics, Human Genome, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Biotechnology, Behavioral and Social Science, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Generic Health Relevance
Abstract

Accurate and comprehensive characterization of genetic variation is essential for deciphering the genetic basis of diseases and other phenotypes. A vast amount of genetic variation stems from large-scale sequence changes arising from the duplication, deletion, inversion, and translocation of sequences. In the past 10 years, high-throughput short reads have greatly expanded our ability to assay sequence variation due to single nucleotide polymorphisms. However, a recent de novo assembly of a second Drosophila melanogaster reference genome has revealed that short read genotyping methods miss hundreds of structural variants, including those affecting phenotypes. While genomes assembled using high-coverage long reads can achieve high levels of contiguity and completeness, concerns about cost, errors, and low yield have limited widespread adoption of such sequencing approaches. Here we resequenced the reference strain of D. melanogaster (ISO1) on a single Oxford Nanopore MinION flow cell run for 24 hr. Using only reads longer than 1 kb or with at least 30x coverage, we assembled a highly contiguous de novo genome. The addition of inexpensive paired reads and subsequent scaffolding using an optical map technology achieved an assembly with completeness and contiguity comparable to the D. melanogaster reference assembly. Comparison of our assembly to the reference assembly of ISO1 uncovered a number of structural variants (SVs), including novel LTR transposable element insertions and duplications affecting genes with developmental, behavioral, and metabolic functions. Collectively, these SVs provide a snapshot of the dynamics of genome evolution. Furthermore, our assembly and comparison to the D. melanogaster reference genome demonstrates that high-quality de novo assembly of reference genomes and comprehensive variant discovery using such assemblies are now possible by a single lab for under $1,000 (USD).

Published
2018

7. Rare recombination events generate sequence diversity among balancer chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster

Author

Miller, Danny E., Cook, Kevin R., Yeganehkazemi, Nazanin, Smith, Clarissa B., Cockrell, Alexandria J., Hawley, R. Scott, and Bergman, Casey M.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Genomics
Abstract

Multiply inverted balancer chromosomes that suppress exchange with their homologs are an essential part of the genetic toolkit in Drosophila melanogaster. Despite their widespread use, the organization of balancer chromosomes has not been characterized at the molecular level, and the degree of sequence variation among copies of any given balancer chromosome is unknown. To map inversion breakpoints and study potential sequence diversity in the descendants of a structurally identical balancer chromosome, we sequenced a panel of laboratory stocks containing the most widely used X-chromosome balancer, First Multiple 7 (FM7). We mapped the locations of FM7 breakpoints to precise euchromatic coordinates and identified the flanking sequence of breakpoints in heterochromatic regions. Analysis of SNP variation revealed megabase-scale blocks of sequence divergence among currently used FM7 stocks. We present evidence that this divergence arose by rare double crossover events that replaced a female-sterile allele of the singed gene (sn[X2]) on FM7c with wild type sequence from balanced chromosomes, and propose that many FM7c chromosomes in the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center have lost sn[X2] by this mechanism. Finally, we characterize the original allele of the Bar gene (B[1]) that is carried on FM7 and validate the hypothesis that the origin and subsequent reversion of the B1 duplication is mediated by unequal exchange. Our results reject a simple non-recombining, clonal mode for the laboratory evolution of balancer chromosomes and have implications for how balancer chromosomes should be used in the design and interpretation of genetic experiments in Drosophila., Comment: 40 pages, 3 figures, 4 supplemental files available on request

Published
2015
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8. Dynamics of Wolbachia pipientis gene expression across the Drosophila melanogaster life cycle

Author

Gutzwiller, Florence, Carmo, Catarina R., Miller, Danny E., Rice, Danny W., Newton, Irene L., Hawley, R. Scott, Teixeira, Luis, and Bergman, Casey M.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Genomics
Abstract

Symbiotic interactions between microbes and their multicellular hosts have manifold impacts on molecular, cellular and organismal biology. To identify candidate bacterial genes involved in maintaining endosymbiotic associations with insect hosts, we analyzed genome-wide patterns of gene expression in the alpha-proteobacteria Wolbachia pipientis across the life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster using public data from the modENCODE project that was generated in a Wolbachia-infected version of the ISO1 reference strain. We find that the majority of Wolbachia genes are expressed at detectable levels in D. melanogaster across the entire life cycle, but that only 7.8% of 1195 Wolbachia genes exhibit robust stage- or sex-specific expression differences when studied in the "holo-organism" context. Wolbachia genes that are differentially expressed during development are typically up-regulated after D. melanogaster embryogenesis, and include many bacterial membrane, secretion system and ankyrin-repeat containing proteins. Sex-biased genes are often organised as small operons of uncharacterised genes and are mainly up-regulated in adult males D. melanogaster in an age-dependent manner suggesting a potential role in cytoplasmic incompatibility. Our results indicate that large changes in Wolbachia gene expression across the Drosophila life-cycle are relatively rare when assayed across all host tissues, but that candidate genes to understand host-microbe interaction in facultative endosymbionts can be successfully identified using holo-organism expression profiling. Our work also shows that mining public gene expression data in D. melanogaster provides a rich set of resources to probe the functional basis of the Wolbachia-Drosophila symbiosis and annotate the transcriptional outputs of the Wolbachia genome., Comment: 58 pages, 6 figures, 6 supplemental figures, 4 supplemental files (available at https://github.com/bergmanlab/wolbachia/tree/master/gutzwiller_et_al/arxiv)

Published
2015
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11. The deubiquitinase Usp7 in Drosophila melanogaster is required for synaptonemal complex maintenance.

Author

Lake, Cathleen M., Gardner, Jennifer, Briggs, Salam, Zulin Yu, McKown, Grace, and Hawley, R. Scott

Subjects
POST-translational modification, DROSOPHILA melanogaster, CELL division, MEIOSIS, UBIQUITINATION
Abstract

Meiosis is a form of cell division that is essential to sexually reproducing organisms and is therefore highly regulated. Each event of meiosis must occur at the correct developmental stage to ensure that chromosomes are segregated properly during both meiotic divisions. One unique meiosis-specific structure that is tightly regulated in terms of timing of assembly and disassembly is the synaptonemal complex (SC). While the mechanism(s) for assembly and disassembly of the SC are poorly understood in Drosophila melanogaster, posttranslational modifications, including ubiquitination and phosphorylation, are known to play a role. Here, we identify a role for the deubiquitinase Usp7 in the maintenance of the SC in early prophase and show that its function in SC maintenance is independent of the meiotic recombination process. Using two usp7 shRNA constructs that result in different knockdown levels, we have shown that the presence of SC through early/mid-pachytene is critical for normal levels and placement of crossovers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. SYCP1 head-to-head assembly is required for chromosome synapsis in mouse meiosis

Author

Billmyre, Katherine Kretovich, primary, Kesler, Emily A., additional, Tsuchiya, Dai, additional, Corbin, Timothy J., additional, Weaver, Kyle, additional, Moran, Andrea, additional, Yu, Zulin, additional, Adams, Lane, additional, Delventhal, Kym, additional, Durnin, Michael, additional, Davies, Owen Richard, additional, and Hawley, R. Scott, additional

Published
2023
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20. Dominant negative mutants implicate STAT5 in myeloid cell proliferation and neutrophil differentiation.

Author

Ilaria, R L, Jr, Hawley, R G, and Van Etten, R A

Subjects
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cell Division, Cell Line, DNA: metabolism, DNA-Binding Proteins: chemistry, genetics, physiology, Dimerization, Erythropoietin: pharmacology, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor: pharmacology, Granulocytes: cytology, Janus Kinase 2, Mice, Milk Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagenesis, Neutrophils: cytology, Phosphotyrosine: metabolism, Point Mutation, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases: metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Rats, STAT5 Transcription Factor, Trans-Activators: chemistry, genetics, physiology, Transcriptional Activation
Abstract

STAT5 is a member of the signal transducers and activation of transcription (STAT) family of latent transcription factors activated in a variety of cytokine signaling pathways. We introduced alanine substitution mutations in highly conserved regions of murine STAT5A and studied the mutants for dimerization, DNA binding, transactivation, and dominant negative effects on erythropoietin-induced STAT5-dependent transcriptional activation. The mutations included two near the amino-terminus (W255KR-->AAA and R290QQ-->AAA), two in the DNA-binding domain (E437E-->AA and V466VV-->AAA), and a carboxy-terminal truncation of STAT5A (STAT5A/triangle up53C) analogous to a naturally occurring isoform of rat STAT5B. All of the STAT mutant proteins were tyrosine phosphorylated by JAK2 and heterodimerized with STAT5B except for the WKR mutant, suggesting an important role for this region in STAT5 for stabilizing dimerization. The WKR, EE, and VVV mutants had no detectable DNA-binding activity, and the WKR and VVV mutants, but not EE, were defective in transcriptional induction. The VVV mutant had a moderate dominant negative effect on erythropoietin-induced STAT5 transcriptional activation, which was likely due to the formation of heterodimers that are defective in DNA binding. Interestingly, the WKR mutant had a potent dominant negative effect, comparable to the transactivation domain deletion mutant, triangle up53C. Stable expression of either the WKR or triangle up53C STAT5 mutants in the murine myeloid cytokine-dependent cell line 32D inhibited both interleukin-3-dependent proliferation and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-dependent differentiation, without induction of apoptosis. Expression of these mutants in primary murine bone marrow inhibited G-CSF-dependent granulocyte colony formation in vitro. These results demonstrate that mutations in distinct regions of STAT5 exert dominant negative effects on cytokine signaling, likely through different mechanisms, and suggest a role for STAT5 in proliferation and differentiation of myeloid cells.

Published
1999

24. Off-target piRNA gene silencing in Drosophila melanogaster rescued by a transposable element insertion

Author

Miller, Danny E., primary, Dorador, Ana P., additional, Van Vaerenberghe, Kelley, additional, Li, Angela, additional, Grantham, Emily K., additional, Cerbin, Stefan, additional, Cummings, Celeste, additional, Barragan, Marilyn, additional, Egidy, Rhonda R., additional, Scott, Allison R., additional, Hall, Kate E., additional, Perera, Anoja, additional, Gilliland, William D., additional, Hawley, R. Scott, additional, and Blumenstiel, Justin P., additional

Published
2023
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36. Closing the gap on wicked urban stream restoration problems: A framework to integrate science and community values

Author

Murphy, BM, Russell, KL, Stillwell, CC, Hawley, R, Scoggins, M, Hopkins, KG, Burns, MJ, Taniguchi-Quan, KT, Macneale, KH, Smith, RF, Murphy, BM, Russell, KL, Stillwell, CC, Hawley, R, Scoggins, M, Hopkins, KG, Burns, MJ, Taniguchi-Quan, KT, Macneale, KH, and Smith, RF

Abstract

Restoring the health of urban streams has many of the characteristics of a wicked problem. Addressing a wicked problem requires managers, academics, practitioners, and community members to make negotiated tradeoffs and compromises to satisfy the values and perspectives of diverse stakeholders involved in setting restoration project goals and objectives. We conducted a gap analysis on 11 urban stream restoration projects to identify disconnections, underperformance issues, and missing processes in the project structures used to develop restoration project goals and objectives. We examined the gap analysis results to investigate whether managers appropriately identified problem statements and met stated objectives. Projects that aimed to restore overall stream health commonly fell short for various reasons, including limited stakeholder and community input and buy-in, revealing potential limitations in the breadth of objectives, values, and stakeholder perspectives and knowledge types. Projects that emphasized integrating community values and diverse knowledge types tended to meet the expected outcomes of restoring stream processes through incremental solutions. Managers implementing more holistic solutions and values-driven approaches are more likely to consider diverse viewpoints from a variety of community local institutions. Based on these and other results, we propose a conceptual framework that integrates diverse perspectives and knowledge to enhance social and ecological outcomes of urban stream restoration. The framework also emphasizes the importance of setting objectives that support incremental solutions to foster more realistic expectations amongst stakeholders.

Published
2022

39. Lawson Criterion for Ignition Exceeded in an Inertial Fusion Experiment

Author

Abu-Shawareb, H, Acree, R, Adams, P, Adams, J, Addis, B, Aden, R, Adrian, P, Afeyan, BB, Aggleton, M, Aghaian, L, Aguirre, A, Aikens, D, Akre, J, Albert, F, Albrecht, M, Albright, BJ, Albritton, J, Alcala, J, Alday, C, Alessi, DA, Alexander, N, Alfonso, J, Alfonso, N, Alger, E, Ali, SJ, Ali, ZA, Alley, WE, Amala, P, Amendt, PA, Amick, P, Ammula, S, Amorin, C, Ampleford, DJ, Anderson, RW, Anklam, T, Antipa, N, Appelbe, B, Aracne-Ruddle, C, Araya, E, Arend, M, Arnold, P, Arnold, T, Asay, J, Atherton, LJ, Atkinson, D, Atkinson, R, Auerbach, JM, Austin, B, Auyang, L, Awwal, AS, Ayers, J, Ayers, S, Ayers, T, Azevedo, S, Bachmann, B, Back, CA, Bae, J, Bailey, DS, Bailey, J, Baisden, T, Baker, KL, Baldis, H, Barber, D, Barberis, M, Barker, D, Barnes, A, Barnes, CW, Barrios, MA, Barty, C, Bass, I, Batha, SH, Baxamusa, SH, Bazan, G, Beagle, JK, Beale, R, Beck, BR, Beck, JB, Bedzyk, M, Beeler, RG, Behrendt, W, Belk, L, Bell, P, Belyaev, M, Benage, JF, Bennett, G, Benedetti, LR, Benedict, LX, Berger, R, Bernat, T, Bernstein, LA, Berry, B, Bertolini, L, Besenbruch, G, Betcher, J, Bettenhausen, R, Betti, R, Bezzerides, B, Bhandarkar, SD, Bickel, R, Biener, J, Biesiada, T, Bigelow, K, Bigelow-Granillo, J, Bigman, V, Bionta, RM, Birge, NW, Bitter, M, Black, AC, Bleile, R, Bleuel, DL, Bliss, E, Blue, B, Boehly, T, Boehm, K, Boley, CD, Bonanno, R, Bond, EJ, Bond, T, Bonino, MJ, Borden, M, Bourgade, J-L, Bousquet, J, Bowers, J, Bowers, M, Boyd, R, Bozek, A, Bradley, DK, Bradley, KS, Bradley, PA, Bradley, L, Brannon, L, Brantley, PS, Braun, D, Braun, T, Brienza-Larsen, K, Briggs, TM, Britten, J, Brooks, ED, Browning, D, Bruhn, MW, Brunner, TA, Bruns, H, Brunton, G, Bryant, B, Buczek, T, Bude, J, Buitano, L, Burkhart, S, Burmark, J, Burnham, A, Burr, R, Busby, LE, Butlin, B, Cabeltis, R, Cable, M, Cabot, WH, Cagadas, B, Caggiano, J, Cahayag, R, Caldwell, SE, Calkins, S, Callahan, DA, Calleja-Aguirre, J, Camara, L, Camp, D, Campbell, EM, Campbell, JH, Carey, B, Carey, R, Carlisle, K, Carlson, L, Carman, L, Carmichael, J, Carpenter, A, Carr, C, Carrera, JA, Casavant, D, Casey, A, Casey, DT, Castillo, A, Castillo, E, Castor, JI, Castro, C, Caughey, W, Cavitt, R, Celeste, J, Celliers, PM, Cerjan, C, Chandler, G, Chang, B, Chang, C, Chang, J, Chang, L, Chapman, R, Chapman, T, Chase, L, Chen, H, Chen, K, Chen, L-Y, Cheng, B, Chittenden, J, Choate, C, Chou, J, Chrien, RE, Chrisp, M, Christensen, K, Christensen, M, Christopherson, AR, Chung, M, Church, JA, Clark, A, Clark, DS, Clark, K, Clark, R, Claus, L, Cline, B, Cline, JA, Cobble, JA, Cochrane, K, Cohen, B, Cohen, S, Collette, MR, Collins, G, Collins, LA, Collins, TJB, Conder, A, Conrad, B, Conyers, M, Cook, AW, Cook, D, Cook, R, Cooley, JC, Cooper, G, Cope, T, Copeland, SR, Coppari, F, Cortez, J, Cox, J, Crandall, DH, Crane, J, Craxton, RS, Cray, M, Crilly, A, Crippen, JW, Cross, D, Cuneo, M, Cuotts, G, Czajka, CE, Czechowicz, D, Daly, T, Danforth, P, Darbee, R, Darlington, B, Datte, P, Dauffy, L, Davalos, G, Davidovits, S, Davis, P, Davis, J, Dawson, S, Day, RD, Day, TH, Dayton, M, Deck, C, Decker, C, Deeney, C, DeFriend, KA, Deis, G, Delamater, ND, Delettrez, JA, Demaret, R, Demos, S, Dempsey, SM, Desjardin, R, Desjardins, T, Desjarlais, MP, Dewald, EL, DeYoreo, J, Diaz, S, Dimonte, G, Dittrich, TR, Divol, L, Dixit, SN, Dixon, J, Dodd, ES, Dolan, D, Donovan, A, Donovan, M, Döppner, T, Dorrer, C, Dorsano, N, Douglas, MR, Dow, D, Downie, J, Downing, E, Dozieres, M, Draggoo, V, Drake, D, Drake, RP, Drake, T, Dreifuerst, G, DuBois, DF, DuBois, PF, Dunham, G, Dylla-Spears, R, Dymoke-Bradshaw, AKL, Dzenitis, B, Ebbers, C, Eckart, M, Eddinger, S, Eder, D, Edgell, D, Edwards, MJ, Efthimion, P, Eggert, JH, Ehrlich, B, Ehrmann, P, Elhadj, S, Ellerbee, C, Elliott, NS, Ellison, CL, Elsner, F, Emerich, M, Engelhorn, K, England, T, English, E, Epperson, P, Epstein, R, Erbert, G, Erickson, MA, Erskine, DJ, Erlandson, A, Espinosa, RJ, Estes, C, Estabrook, KG, Evans, S, Fabyan, A, Fair, J, Fallejo, R, Farmer, N, Farmer, WA, Farrell, M, Fatherley, VE, Fedorov, M, Feigenbaum, E, Feit, M, Ferguson, W, Fernandez, JC, Fernandez-Panella, A, Fess, S, Field, JE, Filip, CV, Fincke, JR, Finn, T, Finnegan, SM, Finucane, RG, Fischer, M, Fisher, A, Fisher, J, Fishler, B, Fittinghoff, D, Fitzsimmons, P, Flegel, M, Flippo, KA, Florio, J, Folta, J, Folta, P, Foreman, LR, Forrest, C, Forsman, A, Fooks, J, Foord, M, Fortner, R, Fournier, K, Fratanduono, DE, Frazier, N, Frazier, T, Frederick, C, Freeman, MS, Frenje, J, Frey, D, Frieders, G, Friedrich, S, Froula, DH, Fry, J, Fuller, T, Gaffney, J, Gales, S, Le Galloudec, B, Le Galloudec, KK, Gambhir, A, Gao, L, Garbett, WJ, Garcia, A, Gates, C, Gaut, E, Gauthier, P, Gavin, Z, Gaylord, J, Geissel, M, Génin, F, Georgeson, J, Geppert-Kleinrath, H, Geppert-Kleinrath, V, Gharibyan, N, Gibson, J, Gibson, C, Giraldez, E, Glebov, V, Glendinning, SG, Glenn, S, Glenzer, SH, Goade, S, Gobby, PL, Goldman, SR, Golick, B, Gomez, M, Goncharov, V, Goodin, D, Grabowski, P, Grafil, E, Graham, P, Grandy, J, Grasz, E, Graziani, F, Greenman, G, Greenough, JA, Greenwood, A, Gregori, G, Green, T, Griego, JR, Grim, GP, Grondalski, J, Gross, S, Guckian, J, Guler, N, Gunney, B, Guss, G, Haan, S, Hackbarth, J, Hackel, L, Hackel, R, Haefner, C, Hagmann, C, Hahn, KD, Hahn, S, Haid, BJ, Haines, BM, Hall, BM, Hall, C, Hall, GN, Hamamoto, M, Hamel, S, Hamilton, CE, Hammel, BA, Hammer, JH, Hampton, G, Hamza, A, Handler, A, Hansen, S, Hanson, D, Haque, R, Harding, D, Harding, E, Hares, JD, Harris, DB, Harte, JA, Hartouni, EP, Hatarik, R, Hatchett, S, Hauer, AA, Havre, M, Hawley, R, Hayes, J, Hayes, S, Hayes-Sterbenz, A, Haynam, CA, Haynes, DA, Headley, D, Heal, A, Heebner, JE, Heerey, S, Heestand, GM, Heeter, R, Hein, N, Heinbockel, C, Hendricks, C, Henesian, M, Heninger, J, Henrikson, J, Henry, EA, Herbold, EB, Hermann, MR, Hermes, G, Hernandez, JE, Hernandez, VJ, Herrmann, MC, Herrmann, HW, Herrera, OD, Hewett, D, Hibbard, R, Hicks, DG, Hill, D, Hill, K, Hilsabeck, T, Hinkel, DE, Ho, DD, Ho, VK, Hoffer, JK, Hoffman, NM, Hohenberger, M, Hohensee, M, Hoke, W, Holdener, D, Holdener, F, Holder, JP, Holko, B, Holunga, D, Holzrichter, JF, Honig, J, Hoover, D, Hopkins, D, Berzak Hopkins, L, Hoppe, M, Hoppe, ML, Horner, J, Hornung, R, Horsfield, CJ, Horvath, J, Hotaling, D, House, R, Howell, L, Hsing, WW, Hu, SX, Huang, H, Huckins, J, Hui, H, Humbird, KD, Hund, J, Hunt, J, Hurricane, OA, Hutton, M, Huynh, KH-K, Inandan, L, Iglesias, C, Igumenshchev, IV, Izumi, N, Jackson, M, Jackson, J, Jacobs, SD, James, G, Jancaitis, K, Jarboe, J, Jarrott, LC, Jasion, D, Jaquez, J, Jeet, J, Jenei, AE, Jensen, J, Jimenez, J, Jimenez, R, Jobe, D, Johal, Z, Johns, HM, Johnson, D, Johnson, MA, Gatu Johnson, M, Johnson, RJ, Johnson, S, Johnson, SA, Johnson, T, Jones, K, Jones, O, Jones, M, Jorge, R, Jorgenson, HJ, Julian, M, Jun, BI, Jungquist, R, Kaae, J, Kabadi, N, Kaczala, D, Kalantar, D, Kangas, K, Karasiev, VV, Karasik, M, Karpenko, V, Kasarky, A, Kasper, K, Kauffman, R, Kaufman, MI, Keane, C, Keaty, L, Kegelmeyer, L, Keiter, PA, Kellett, PA, Kellogg, J, Kelly, JH, Kemic, S, Kemp, AJ, Kemp, GE, Kerbel, GD, Kershaw, D, Kerr, SM, Kessler, TJ, Key, MH, Khan, SF, Khater, H, Kiikka, C, Kilkenny, J, Kim, Y, Kim, Y-J, Kimko, J, Kimmel, M, Kindel, JM, King, J, Kirkwood, RK, Klaus, L, Klem, D, Kline, JL, Klingmann, J, Kluth, G, Knapp, P, Knauer, J, Knipping, J, Knudson, M, Kobs, D, Koch, J, Kohut, T, Kong, C, Koning, JM, Koning, P, Konior, S, Kornblum, H, Kot, LB, Kozioziemski, B, Kozlowski, M, Kozlowski, PM, Krammen, J, Krasheninnikova, NS, Kraus, B, Krauser, W, Kress, JD, Kritcher, AL, Krieger, E, Kroll, JJ, Kruer, WL, Kruse, MKG, Kucheyev, S, Kumbera, M, Kumpan, S, Kunimune, J, Kustowski, B, Kwan, TJT, Kyrala, GA, Laffite, S, Lafon, M, LaFortune, K, Lahmann, B, Lairson, B, Landen, OL, Langenbrunner, J, Lagin, L, Land, T, Lane, M, Laney, D, Langdon, AB, Langer, SH, Langro, A, Lanier, NE, Lanier, TE, Larson, D, Lasinski, BF, Lassle, D, LaTray, D, 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Subjects
General Physics, 02 Physical Sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Indirect Drive ICF Collaboration, 01 Mathematical Sciences, 09 Engineering
Abstract

For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37 MJ of fusion for 1.92 MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion.

Published
2022

41. Correction: Highly contiguous assemblies of 101 drosophilid genomes

Author

Kim, Bernard Y, primary, Wang, Jeremy R, additional, Miller, Danny E, additional, Barmina, Olga, additional, Delaney, Emily, additional, Thompson, Ammon, additional, Comeault, Aaron A, additional, Peede, David, additional, D'Agostino, Emmanuel RR, additional, Pelaez, Julianne, additional, Aguilar, Jessica M, additional, Haji, Diler, additional, Matsunaga, Teruyuki, additional, Armstrong, Ellie, additional, Zych, Molly, additional, Ogawa, Yoshitaka, additional, Stamenković-Radak, Marina, additional, Jelić, Mihailo, additional, Veselinović, Marija Savić, additional, Tanasković, Marija, additional, Erić, Pavle, additional, Gao, Jian-Jun, additional, Katoh, Takehiro K, additional, Toda, Masanori J, additional, Watabe, Hideaki, additional, Watada, Masayoshi, additional, Davis, Jeremy S, additional, Moyle, Leonie C, additional, Manoli, Giulia, additional, Bertolini, Enrico, additional, Košťál, Vladimír, additional, Hawley, R Scott, additional, Takahashi, Aya, additional, Jones, Corbin D, additional, Price, Donald K, additional, Whiteman, Noah, additional, Kopp, Artyom, additional, Matute, Daniel R, additional, and Petrov, Dmitri A, additional

Published
2022
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