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Nashwa M Abd-Allah,1 Amal Aly Hassan,1 Gihan Omar,1 Mona Hamdy,1 Sahar Torky A Abdelaziz,2 Waleed Mahmoud Abd El Hamid,3 Rabab A Moussa4 1Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; 2Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; 3Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; 4Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, EgyptCorrespondence: Nashwa M Abd-AllahRheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, New Minia City, first district, Youssef El-Sbaie Street, building (1), Minia 61511, EgyptTel +20 111 667 2116Email abdallahnashwa@yahoo.comPurpose: To assess the frequency of SjÓ§gren’s syndrome (SS), either primary or secondary to rheumatic disease, in a cohort of patients with aqueous-deficient dry eye and to determine the most accurate objective test for diagnosis of SS.Methods: A total of 111 patients with dry eye were recruited from Minia University’s ​Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic (69 patients) and Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic (42 patients). The patients were screened for aqueous tear–deficient dry eye by abnormal test results of Schirmer test I (