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This study mainly focuses on the K user multiple input multiple output (MIMO) Gaussian interference channel with M antennas at each transmitter and N antennas at each receiver, in which min(M, N)/max(M, N) ≥ (K − 1)/[K(K − 2)] and K > 3. The channel coefficients are time varying/frequency selective and drawn from a continuous distribution. Based on ergodic interference alignment (IA), an achievable scheme is proposed to achieve the KMN/(M + N) total degrees of freedom (DoF). Benefited from ergodic IA, the scheme can reach the goal with simply linear beamforming and finite symbols. Nevertheless, the limitation of ergodic IA is the long delay waiting for the desired channels. Hence, the actual delay is derived. Then, by multiplying factors on channel coefficients and adjusting orders of symbols, the authors optimise the delay. The formula shows that the new delay can be effectively reduced. In addition, the simplicity of coding scheme allows us to derive the closed form of achievable rate expression at any signal-to-noise ratio. And the optimisation of latency does not affect the data rate at all. The simulation shows that the achievable rate is close to the rate upper bound.

HarpinXoo, encoded by the hpaGXoo gene of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is a member of the harpin group of proteins that induce pathogen resistance and hypersensitive cell death (HCD) in plants. We elaborated whether both processes are correlated in hpaGXoo-expressing tobacco (HARTOB) plants, which produced harpinXoo intracellularly. Resistance to fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens increased in HARTOB, in correlation with the expression of hpaGXoo, the gene NPR1 that regulates several resistance pathways, and defense genes GST1, Chia5, PR-1a, and PR-1b that are mediated by different signals. However, reactive oxygen intermediate burst, the expression of HCD marker genes hsr203 and hin1, and cell death did not occur spontaneously in HARTOB, though they did in untransformed and HARTOB plants treated exogenously with harpinXoo. Thus, the transgenic expression of harpinXoo confers nonspecific pathogen defense in the absence of HCD.