Search

Abstract A flavor-dependent model (FDM) is proposed in this work. The model extends the Standard Model by an extra $$U(1)_F$$ U ( 1 ) F local gauge group, two scalar doublets, one scalar singlet and two right-handed neutrinos, where the additional $$U(1)_F$$ U ( 1 ) F charges are related to the particles’ flavor. The new fermion sector in the FDM can explain the flavor mixings puzzle and the mass hierarchy puzzle simultaneously, and the nonzero Majorana neutrino masses can be obtained naturally by the Type I see-saw mechanism. In addition, the B meson rare decay processes $${\bar{B}} \rightarrow X_s\gamma ,$$ B ¯ → X s γ , $$B_s^0 \rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-,$$ B s 0 → μ + μ - , the top quark rare decay processes $$t\rightarrow ch,$$ t → c h , $$t\rightarrow uh$$ t → u h and the $$\tau $$ τ lepton flavor violation processes $$\tau \rightarrow 3e,$$ τ → 3 e , $$\tau \rightarrow 3\mu ,$$ τ → 3 μ , $$\mu \rightarrow 3e$$ μ → 3 e predicted in the FDM are analyzed.

People extend the MSSM with the local gauge group U(1)X to obtain the U(1)XSSM. In the framework of the U(1)XSSM, we study the flavor transition process b→sγ with the mass insertion approximation (MIA). By the MIA method and some reasonable parameter assumptions, we can intuitively find the parameters that have obvious effect on the analytic results of the flavor transition process b→sγ. By means of the influences of different sensitive parameters, we can obtain reasonable results to better fit the experimental data.

Abstract The B-L symmetric SUSY model (B-LSSM) introduces a new $$Z'$$ Z ′ gauge boson and two singlet scalars, which indicates there are more neutralinos in the B-LSSM comparing with the minimal SUSY extension of standard model (MSSM). These new neutralinos provide more dark matter (DM) candidates in the B-LSSM, we find that the super partner of the new scalar singlet can serve as the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) and be considered as a DM candidate. The properties of this new DM candidate are analyzed in this work. Taking into account the experimental constraints on Higgs boson mass, B meson rare decays and muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment, the numerical results are obtained and presented. The properties of new DM candidate in the B-LSSM satisfy the observed relic density $$\Omega h^2$$ Ω h 2 and comply with the latest upper bounds on $$\sigma _\textrm{SI}^{\chi _1^0-n}$$ σ SI χ 1 0 - n , and its mass is expected to greater than $$80\;\textrm{GeV}$$ 80 GeV approximately.

Abstract In the present study, the dense Cr and Cr0.92Si0.08 coatings have been deposited on Zircaloy-4 substrates by the magnetron sputtering technique. The high-temperature oxidation resistance of coatings is evaluated in 1200 °C steam for 1–4 h. The Cr0.92Si0.08 coating shows better oxidation resistance than the Cr coating. The in-situ formed Zr2Si diffusion barrier inhibits the mutual diffusion of Cr and Zr. And the formation of a Cr2O3/SiO2 double-layer scale effectively improves the oxidation resistance of a single Cr2O3 layer. The formation of the in-situ diffusion barrier, Cr2O3/SiO2 scales and oxidation protection mechanisms of the Cr0.92Si0.08 coating have been discussed in detail.

In this paper, we study the lepton flavor violating decays of the lj→liγγ (j=2, 3; i=1, 2) processes under the U(1)XSSM. The U(1)XSSM is the addition of three singlet new Higgs superfields and right-handed neutrinos to the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). Based on the latest experimental constraints of lj→liγγ, we analyze the effects of different sensitive parameters on the results and made reasonable predictions for future experimental development. Numerical analysis shows that many parameters have a greater or lesser effect on lepton flavor violation (LFV), but the main sensitive parameters and sources leading to LFV are the non-diagonal elements involving the initial and final leptons. This work could provide a basis for the discovery of the existence of new physics (NP).

Abstract We study the lightest Higgs boson decays h → MZ in the μ from ν supersymmetric standard model (μνSSM), where M is a vector meson (ρ, ω, ϕ, J/Ψ, Υ). Compared to the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), the μνSSM introduces three right-handed neutrino superfields, which lead to the mixing of the Higgs doublets with the right-handed sneutrinos. The mixing affects the lightest Higgs boson mass and the Higgs couplings. In suitable parameter space, the μνSSM can give large new physics (NP) contributions to the signal strengths of h → MZ and h → γγ, which may be detected by a 100 TeV collider or the other future high energy colliders.

Abstract We present the Gel’fand-Kapranov-Zelevinsky (GKZ) hypergeometric systems of the Feynman integrals of the three-loop vacuum diagrams with arbitrary masses, basing on Mellin-Barnes representations and Miller’s transformation. The codimension of derived GKZ hypergeometric systems equals the number of independent dimensionless ratios among the virtual masses squared. Through GKZ hypergeometric systems, the analytical hypergeometric series solutions can be obtained in neighborhoods of origin including infinity. The linear independent hypergeometric series solutions whose convergent regions have non-empty intersection can constitute a fundamental solution system in a proper subset of the whole parameter space. The analytical expression of the vacuum integral can be formulated as a linear combination of the corresponding fundamental solution system in certain convergent region.

Abstract Applying the system of linear partial differential equations derived from the Mellin–Barnes representation and the Miller transformation, we present the GKZ-system of the Feynman integral of the 2-loop self energy diagram with 4 propagators. The codimension of the derived GKZ-system equals the number of independent dimensionless ratios among the external momentum squared and virtual mass squared. In total 536 hypergeometric functions are obtained in the neighborhoods of the origin and infinity, in which 30 linearly independent hypergeometric functions whose convergent regions have nonempty intersection constitute a fundamental solution system in a proper subset of the whole parameter space.

Abstract Background Laparoscopic colorectal surgery has been proved to have similar oncological outcomes with open surgery. Due to the lack of tactile perception, surgeons may have misjudgments in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Therefore, the accurate localization of a tumor before surgery is important, especially in the early stages of cancer. Autologous blood was thought a feasible and safe tattooing agent for preoperative endoscopic localization but its benefits remain controversial. We therefore proposed this randomized trial to the accuracy and safety of autogenous blood localization in small, serosa-negative lesion which will be resected by laparoscopic colectomy. Methods The current study is a single-center, open-label, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial. Eligible participants would be aged 18–80 years and diagnosed with large lateral spreading tumors that could not be treated endoscopically, malignant polyps treated endoscopically that required additional colorectal resection, and serosa-negative malignant colorectal tumors (≤ cT3). A total of 220 patients would be randomly assigned (1:1) to autologous blood group or intraoperative colonoscopy group. The primary outcome is the localization accuracy. The secondary endpoint is adverse events related to endoscopic tattooing. Discussion This trial will investigate whether autologous blood marker achieves similar localization accuracy and safety in laparoscopic colorectal surgery compared to intraoperative colonoscopy. If our research hypothesis is statistically proved, the rational introduction of autologous blood tattooing in preoperative colonoscopy can help improve identification of the location of tumors for laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery, performing an optimal resection, and minimizing unnecessary resections of normal tissues, thereby improving the patient’s quality of life. Our research data will also provide high quality clinical evidence and data support for the conduction of multicenter phase III clinical trials. Trial registration This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05597384. Registered 28 October 2022

Abstract Background Gastric cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. Social media has affected public’s daily lives in ways no one ever thought possible. Both TikoTok and its Chinese version Douyin are the most popular short video posting platform. This study aimed to evaluate the quality, accuracy, and completeness of videos for gastric cancer on TikTok and Douyin. Methods The terms “gastric cancer” was searched on TikTok in both English and Japanese, and on Douyin in Chinese. The first 100 videos in three languages (website’s default setting) were checked. QUality Evaluation Scoring Tool (QUEST) and DISCERN as the instrument for assessing the quality of the information in each video. Content was analysed under six categories (aetiology, anatomy, symptoms, preventions, treatments, and prognosis). The educational value and completeness were evaluated with a checklist developed by the researchers. Results A total of 78 videos in English, 63 in Japanese, and 99 in Chinese were analyzed. The types of sources were as follows: 6.4% in English, 4.8% in Japanese, and 57.6% in Chinese for health professionals; 93.6% in English, 95.2% in Japanese, and 3.0% in Chinese for private users; none in English and Japanese, but 39.4% in Chinese for other sources. In all, 20.5% in English, 17.5% in Japanese, and 93.9% in Chinese of videos had useful information about gastric cancer. Among the useful videos, the videos published in Chinese had the highest QUEST(p

Abstract Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common malignancy of the hematological system, and there are currently a number of studies regarding abnormal alterations in energy metabolism, but fewer reports related to fatty acid metabolism (FAM) in AML. We therefore analyze the association of FAM and AML tumor development to explore targets for clinical prognosis prediction and identify those with potential therapeutic value. Methods The identification of AML patients with different fatty acid metabolism characteristics was based on a consensus clustering algorithm. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to calculate the proportion of infiltrating immune cells. We used Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis to construct a signature for predicting the prognosis of AML patients. The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database was used to predict the sensitivity of patient samples in high- and low-risk score groups to different chemotherapy drugs. Results The consensus clustering approach identified three molecular subtypes of FAM that exhibited significant differences in genomic features such as immunity, metabolism, and inflammation, as well as patient prognosis. The risk-score model we constructed accurately predicted patient outcomes, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.870, 0.878, and 0.950 at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The validation cohort also confirmed the prognostic evaluation performance of the risk score. In addition, higher risk scores were associated with stronger fatty acid metabolisms, significantly higher expression levels of immune checkpoints, and significantly increased infiltration of immunosuppressive cells. Immune functions, such as inflammation promotion, para-inflammation, and type I/II interferon responses, were also significantly activated. These results demonstrated that immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints and immunosuppressive cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and M2 macrophages, are more suitable for patients with high-risk scores. Finally, the prediction results of chemotherapeutic drugs showed that samples in the high-risk score group had greater treatment sensitivity to four chemotherapy drugs in vitro. Conclusions The analysis of the molecular patterns of FAM effectively predicted patient prognosis and revealed various tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics.

Abstract Based on the gauge symmetry group SU(3) C ⨂ SU(2) L ⨂ U(1) Y ⨂ U(1) B–L , the minimal supersymmetric extension of the SM with local B-L gauge symmetry(B-LSSM) has been introduced. In this model, we study the Higgs masses with the one-loop zero temperature effective potential corrections. Besides, the finite temperature effective potentials connected with two U(1) B-L Higgs singlets are deduced specifically. Then we can obtain the gravitational wave spectrums generated from the strong first-order phase transition. In the B-LSSM, with the fine-tuned parameter regions, we can obtain the strength parameter α θ ~ 0.14 and the ratio of speed to Hubble rate β/H n ~ 5 at nucleation temperature, and then obtain observable gravitational wave signals. The gravitational wave signals can be as strong as h 2Ω GW ~ 10–9, which may be detectable in the future experiments.

BackgroundAn increasing number of studies have revealed the influencing factors of ferroptosis. The influence of immune cell infiltration, inflammation development and lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME) on the ferroptosis of tumor cells requires further research and discussion.MethodsWe explored the relationship between ferroptosis-related genes and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from the perspective of large sample analysis and multiomics, used multiple groups to identify and verify ferroptosis-related molecular patterns, and analyzed the sensitivity to ferroptosis and the state of immune escape between different molecular pattern groups. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm was used to quantify the phenotypes of ferroptosis-related molecular patterns in individual patients. HL-60 and THP-1 cells were treated with ferroptosis inducer RSL3 to verify the therapeutic value of targeted inhibition of GPX4.ResultsThree ferroptosis-related molecular patterns and progressively worsening phenotypes including immune activation, immune exclusion and immunosuppression were found with the two different sequencing approaches. The FSscore we constructed can quantify the development of ferroptosis-related phenotypes in individual patients. The higher the FSscore is, the worse the patient’s prognosis. The FSscore is also highly positively correlated with pathological conditions such as inflammation development, immune escape, lipid metabolism, immunotherapy resistance, and chemotherapy resistance and is negatively correlated with tumor mutation burden. Moreover, RSL3 can induce ferroptosis of AML cells by reducing the protein level of GPX4.ConclusionsThis study revealed the characteristics of immunity, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in the TME of different AML patients and differences in the sensitivity of tumor cells to ferroptosis. The FSscore can be used as a biomarker to provide a reference for the clinical evaluation of the pathological characteristics of AML patients and the design of personalized treatment plans. And GPX4 is a potential target for AML treatment.

Abstract The difference between the updated experimental result on the muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment and the corresponding theoretical prediction of the standard model on that is about 4.2 standard deviations. In this work, we calculate the muon anomalous MDM at the two-loop level in the supersymmetric B − L extension of the standard model. Considering the experimental constraints on the lightest Higgs boson mass, Higgs boson decay modes h → γγ, WW, ZZ, b b ¯ $$ b\overline{b} $$ , τ τ ¯ $$ \tau \overline{\tau} $$ , B rare decay B ¯ $$ \overline{B} $$ → X s γ, and the transition magnetic moments of Majorana neutrinos, we analyze the theoretical predictions of the muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment in the B − L supersymmetric model. The numerical analyses indicate that the tension between the experimental measurement and the standard model prediction is remedied in the B − L supersymmetric model.

Abstract The MSSM is extended to the $$U(1)_X$$ U ( 1 ) X SSM, whose local gauge group is $$SU(3)_C \times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y \times U(1)_X$$ S U ( 3 ) C × S U ( 2 ) L × U ( 1 ) Y × U ( 1 ) X . To obtain the $$U(1)_X$$ U ( 1 ) X SSM, we add the new superfields to the MSSM, namely: three Higgs singlets $${\hat{\eta }},~\hat{{\bar{\eta }}},~{\hat{S}}$$ η ^ , η ¯ ^ , S ^ and right-handed neutrinos $${\hat{\nu }}_i$$ ν ^ i . It can give light neutrino tiny mass at the tree level through the seesaw mechanism. The study of the contribution of the two-loop diagrams to the MDM of muon under $$U(1)_X$$ U ( 1 ) X SSM provides the possibility for us to search for new physics. In the analytical calculation of the loop diagrams (one-loop and two-loop diagrams), the effective Lagrangian method is used to derive muon MDM. Here, the considered two-loop diagrams include Barr-Zee type diagrams and rainbow type two-loop diagrams, especially Z–Z rainbow two-loop diagram is taken into account. The obtained numerical results can reach $$7.4\times 10^{-10}$$ 7.4 × 10 - 10 , which can remedy the deviation between SM prediction and experimental data to some extent.

Abstract In order to interpret the Higgs boson mass and its decays naturally, we hope to examine the BLMSSM and B-LSSM. In the both models, the right-handed neutrino superfields are introduced to better explain the neutrino mass problems. In this paper, we introduce the fine-tuning to acquire the physical Higgs boson mass. Besides, the method of $$\chi ^2$$ χ 2 analyses will be adopted in the BLMSSM and B-LSSM to fit the experimental data. Therefore, we can obtain the reasonable theoretical values of the Higgs decays and muon $$g-2$$ g - 2 that are in accordance with the experimental results respectively in the BLMSSM and B-LSSM.

Abstract The experimental data of the magnetic dipole moment(MDM) of lepton(e, $$\mu $$ μ ) is very exact. The deviation between the experimental data and the standard model prediction maybe come from new physics contribution. In the supersymmetric models, there are very many two loop diagrams contributing to the lepton MDM. In supersymmetric models, we suppose two mass scales $$M_{SH}$$ M SH and M with $$M_{SH}\gg M$$ M SH ≫ M for supersymmetric particles. Squarks belong to $$M_{SH}$$ M SH and the other supersymmetric particles belong to M. We analyze the order of the contributions from the two loop diagrams. The two loop triangle diagrams corresponding to the two loop self-energy diagram satisfy Ward-identity, and their contributions possess particular factors. This work can help to distinguish the important two loop diagrams giving corrections to lepton MDM.

Abstract To solve the μ problem and generate three tiny neutrino masses in the MSSM, the μ from ν Supersymmetric Standard Model (μνSSM) introduces three singlet right- handed neutrino superfields, which lead to the mixing of the Higgs doublets with the sneutrinos. The mixing affects the lightest Higgs boson mass and the Higgs couplings. The present observed 95% CL upper limit on signal strength of the 125 GeV Higgs boson decay h → Zγ is 6.6, which still is plenty of space to prove the existence of new physics. In this work, we investigate the signal strength of the 125 GeV Higgs boson decay channel h → Zγ in the μνSSM. Besides, we consider the two-loop electroweak corrections of muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment (MDM) in the model, which also make important contributions compared with one-loop electroweak corrections.

Abstract The searching for the electric dipole moments (EDMs) of neutron (d n ), b quark (d b ) and c quark (d c ) gives strict upper bounds on these quantities. And recently, new up- per bounds on d b , d c are obtained by the strict limit on d n . The models of new physics (NP) with additional CP-violating (CPV) sources are constrained strictly by these EDMs. In this work, we focus on the CPV effects on these EDMs in the minimal supersymmetric extension (MSSM) of the SM with local B − L gauge symmetry (B-LSSM). The contributions from one-loop and some two-loop diagrams to the quark EDM are given in general form, which can also be used in the calculation of quark EDM in other models of NP. Considering the constrains from updated experimental data, the numerical results show that the two-loop corrections can make important contributions to these EDMs. Compared with the MSSM, the effects of new CPV phases and new parameters in the B-LSSM on these EDMs are also explored.

Abstract Electroweak baryogenesis (EWB) and electric dipole moment (EDM) have close relation with the new physics beyond the standard model (SM), because the SM CP-violating (CPV) interactions are not sufficient to provide the baryon asymmetry of the universe by many orders of magnitude, and the theoretical predictions for the EDM of electron ($$d_e$$ de ) in the SM are too tiny to be detected in near future. In this work, we explore the CPV effects on EWB and the electron EDM in the minimal supersymmetric extension (MSSM) of the SM with local $$B-L$$ B-L gauge symmetry (B-LSSM). And the two-step transition via tree-effects in this model is discussed. Including two-loop corrections to $$d_e$$ de and considering the constrains from updated experimental data, the numerical results show that the B-LSSM can account for the observed baryon asymmetry. In addition, when the cancellation between different contributions to $$d_e$$ de takes place, the region favored by EWB can be compatible with the corresponding EDM bound.

Abstract U(1) X SSM is the extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) and its local gauge group is SU(3) C × SU(2) L × U(1) Y × U(1) X . To obtain this model, three singlet new Higgs superfields and right-handed neutrinos are added to MSSM. In the framework of U(1) X SSM, we study the Higgs mass and take the lightest CP-even sneutrino as a cold dark matter candidate. For the lightest CP-even sneutrino, the relic density and the cross section for dark matter scattering off nucleon are both researched. In suitable parameter space of the model, the numerical results satisfy the constraints of the relic density and the cross section with the nucleon.

BackgroundImatinib (IM), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has markedly improved the survival and life quality of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. However, the lack of specific biomarkers for IM resistance remains a serious clinical challenge. Recently, growing evidence has suggested that exosome-harbored proteins were involved in tumor drug resistance and could be novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and drug sensitivity prediction of cancer. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the proteomic profile of plasma exosomes derived from CML patients to identify ideal biomarkers for IM resistance.MethodsWe extracted exosomes from pooled plasma samples of 9 imatinib-resistant CML patients and 9 imatinib-sensitive CML patients by ultracentrifugation. Then, we identified the expression levels of exosomal proteins by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based label free quantification. Bioinformatics analyses were used to analyze the proteomic data. Finally, the western blot (WB) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analyses were applied to validate the candidate proteins.ResultsA total of 2812 proteins were identified in plasma exosomes from imatinib-resistant and imatinib-sensitive CML patients, including 279 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) with restricted criteria (fold change≥1.5 or ≤0.667, p

As the U(1) extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model, the U(1)XSSM has new superfields, such as right-handed neutrinos, and three Higgs singlets. In the U(1)XSSM, the lightest CP-even Higgs mass mh0 is studied by using the Higgs effective potential with one-loop corrections. We also calculate the Higgs decays h0→γγ, h0→VV(V=W,Z), h0→ll¯Z, and h0→νν¯Z. The obtained results are reasonable, and they are in favor of the study of the Higgs characteristic and the phenomenology of the U(1)XSSM.

The U(1)X extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) is called as U(1)XSSM with the local gauge group SU(3)C×SU(2)L×U(1)Y×U(1)X. U(1)XSSM has three singlet Higgs superfields beyond MSSM. In U(1)XSSM, the mass matrix of neutralino is 8×8, whose lightest mass eigenstate possesses cold dark matter characteristic. Supposing the lightest neutralino as dark matter candidate, we study the relic density. For dark matter scattering off nucleus, the cross sections including spin-independent and spin-dependent are both researched. In our numerical results, some parameter space can satisfy the constraints from the relic density and the experiments of dark matter direct detection.

We present an approach to analyze the scalar integrals of any Feynman diagrams in detail here. This method not only completely recovers some well-known results in the literature, but also produces some new results on the C0 function. The approach can be employed to evaluate the coefficient of arbitrary power of ε in the expansion of a scalar integral, where D=4−2ε denotes the time–space dimension.

Abstract Within the extended BLMSSM, the exotic Higgs superfields $$(\Phi _{NL},\varphi _{NL})$$ (ΦNL,φNL) are added to make the exotic leptons heavy, and the superfields ($$Y,Y^\prime $$ Y,Y′ ) are also introduced to make exotic leptons unstable. This new model is named as the EBLMSSM. We study some charged lepton flavor violating (CLFV) processes in detail in the EBLMSSM, including $$l_j\rightarrow l_i \gamma $$ lj→liγ , muon conversion to electron in nuclei, the $$\tau $$ τ decays and $$h^0\rightarrow l_i l_j$$ h0→lilj . Being different from BLMSSM, some particles are redefined in this new model, such as slepton, sneutrino, exotic lepton (neutrino), exotic slepton (sneutrino) and lepton neutralino. We also introduce the mass matrices of superfields Y and spinor $$\tilde{Y}$$ Y~ in the EBLMSSM. All of these lead to new contributions to the CLFV processes. In the suitable parameter space, we obtain the reasonable numerical results. The results of this work will encourage physicists to explore new physics beyond the SM.

Basing on the systems of linear partial differential equations derived from Mellin-Barnes representations and Miller's transformation, we obtain GKZ-hypergeometric systems of one-loop self energy, one-loop triangle, two-loop vacuum, and two-loop sunset diagrams, respectively. The codimension of derived GKZ-hypergeometric system equals the number of independent dimensionless ratios among the external momentum squared and virtual mass squared. Taking GKZ-hypergeometric systems of one-loop self energy, massless one-loop triangle, and two-loop vacuum diagrams as examples, we present in detail how to perform triangulation and how to construct canonical series solutions in the corresponding convergent regions. The series solutions constructed for these hypergeometric systems recover the well known results in literature.

Abstract The rare decays $$\bar{B}\rightarrow X_s\gamma $$ B¯→Xsγ and $$B_s^0\rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$$ Bs0→μ+μ- are important to research new physics beyond the standard model (SM). In this work, we investigate two loop electroweak corrections to $$\bar{B}\rightarrow X_s\gamma $$ B¯→Xsγ and $$B_s^0\rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$$ Bs0→μ+μ- in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the SM with local $$B-L$$ B-L gauge symmetry (B-LSSM), under a minimal flavor violating assumption for the soft breaking terms. In this framework, new particles and new definition of squarks can affect the theoretical predictions of these two processes, with respect to the MSSM. Considering the constraints from updated experimental data, the numerical results show that the B-LSSM can fit the experimental data for the branching ratios of $$\bar{B}\rightarrow X_s\gamma $$ B¯→Xsγ and $$B_s^0\rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$$ Bs0→μ+μ- . The results of the rare decays also further constrain the parameter space of the B-LSSM.

Abstract The decays of top quark $$t\rightarrow c\gamma ,\;t\rightarrow cg,\;t\rightarrow cZ,\;t\rightarrow ch$$ t→cγ,t→cg,t→cZ,t→ch are extremely rare processes in the standard model (SM). The predictions on the corresponding branching ratios in the SM are too small to be detected in the future, hence any measurable signal for the processes at the LHC is a smoking gun for new physics. In the extension of minimal supersymmetric standard model with an additional local $$U(1)_B\text {--}L$$ U(1)B--L gauge symmetry (B-LSSM), new gauge interaction and new flavor changing interaction affect the theoretical evaluations on corresponding branching ratios of those processes. In this work, we analyze those processes in the B-LSSM, under a minimal flavor violating assumption for the soft breaking terms. Considering the constraints from updated experimental data, the numerical results imply $$Br(t\rightarrow c\gamma )\sim 5\times 10^{-7}$$ Br(t→cγ)∼5×10-7 , $$Br(t\rightarrow cg)\sim 2\times 10^{-6}$$ Br(t→cg)∼2×10-6 , $$Br(t\rightarrow cZ)\sim 4\times 10^{-7}$$ Br(t→cZ)∼4×10-7 and $$Br(t\rightarrow ch)\sim 3\times 10^{-9}$$ Br(t→ch)∼3×10-9 in our chosen parameter space. Simultaneously, new gauge coupling constants $$g_{_B},\;g_{_{YB}}$$ gB,gYB in the B-LSSM can also affect the numerical results of $$Br(t\rightarrow c\gamma ,\;cg,\;cZ,\;ch)$$ Br(t→cγ,cg,cZ,ch) .

Abstract To extend the BLMSSM, we not only add exotic Higgs superfields $$(\Phi _{NL},\varphi _{NL})$$ (ΦNL,φNL) to make the exotic lepton heavy, but also introduce the superfields (Y,$$Y^\prime $$ Y′ ) having couplings with lepton and exotic lepton at tree level. The obtained model is called as EBLMSSM, which has difference from BLMSSM especially for the exotic slepton (lepton) and exotic sneutrino (neutrino). We deduce the mass matrices and the needed couplings in this model. To confine the parameter space, the Higgs boson mass $$m_{h^0}$$ mh0 and the processes $$h^0\rightarrow \gamma \gamma $$ h0→γγ , $$h^0\rightarrow VV, V=(Z,W)$$ h0→VV,V=(Z,W) are studied in the EBLMSSM. With the assumed parameter space, we obtain reasonable numerical results according to data on Higgs from ATLAS and CMS. As a cold dark mater candidate, the relic density for the lightest mass eigenstate of Y and $$Y'$$ Y′ mixing is also studied.

The hypergeometric function method naturally provides the analytic expressions of scalar integrals from concerned Feynman diagrams in some connected regions of independent kinematic variables, also presents the systems of homogeneous linear partial differential equations satisfied by the corresponding scalar integrals. Taking examples of the one-loop B0 and massless C0 functions, as well as the scalar integrals of two-loop vacuum and sunset diagrams, we verify our expressions coinciding with the well-known results of literatures. Based on the multiple hypergeometric functions of independent kinematic variables, the systems of homogeneous linear partial differential equations satisfied by the mentioned scalar integrals are established. Using the calculus of variations, one recognizes the system of linear partial differential equations as stationary conditions of a functional under some given restrictions, which is the cornerstone to perform the continuation of the scalar integrals to whole kinematic domains numerically with the finite element methods. In principle this method can be used to evaluate the scalar integrals of any Feynman diagrams.

Applying qualitative and quantitative methods, this article explains the driving forces behind U.S. President Donald Trump's decision to withdraw from the Paris Agreement, assesses the impacts of this withdrawal on the compliance prospects of the agreement, and proposes how China should respond. The withdrawal undercuts the foundation of global climate governance and upsets the process of climate cooperation, and the impacts are manifold. The withdrawal undermines the universality of the Paris Agreement and impairs states' confidence in climate cooperation; it aggravates the leadership deficit in addressing global climate issues and sets a bad precedent for international climate cooperation. The withdrawal reduces other countries' emission space and raises their emission costs, and refusal to contribute to climate aid makes it more difficult for developing countries to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Cutting climate research funding will compromise the quality of future IPCC reports and ultimately undermine the scientific authority of future climate negotiations. China faces mounting pressure from the international community to assume global climate leadership after the U.S. withdraws, and this article proposes that China should reach the high ends of its domestic climate targets under the current Nationally Determined Contributions; internationally, China should facilitate the rebuilding of shared climate leadership, replacing the G2 with C5. Meanwhile, China needs to keep the U.S. engaged in climate cooperation.

Based on the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model and scenario analysis, the impacts of the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement on the carbon emission space and mitigation cost in China, European Union (EU), and Japan are assessed under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and 2 °C scenarios due to the changed emission pathway of the U.S. The results show that, under the condition of constant global cumulative carbon emissions and a fixed burden-sharing scheme among countries, the failure of the U.S. to honor its NDC commitment to different degrees will increase the U.S. carbon emission space and decrease its mitigation cost. However, the carbon emission space of other parties, including China, EU, and Japan, will be reduced and their mitigation costs will be increased. In 2030, under the 2 °C target, the carbon price will increase by 4.4–14.6 US$ t−1 in China, by 9.7–35.4 US$ t−1 in the EU, and by 16.0–53.5 US$ t−1 in Japan. In addition, China, EU, and Japan will incur additional Gross Domestic Production (GDP) loss. Under the 2 °C target, the GDP loss of China would increase by US$22.0–71.1 billion (equivalent to 16.4–53.1 US$ per capita), the EU's GDP loss would increase by US$9.4–32.1 billion (equivalent to 20.7–71.1 US$ per capita), and Japan's GDP loss will increase by US$4.1–13.5 billion (equivalent to 34.3–111.6 US$ per capita).

Abstract To understand the potential genetic basis of highland adaptation of fungal pathogenicity, we present here the ~116 Mb de novo assembled high-quality genome of Ophiocordyceps sinensis endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Compared with other plain-dwelling fungi, we find about 3.4-fold inflation of the O. sinensis genome due to a rapid amplification of long terminal repeat retrotransposons that occurred ~38 million years ago in concert with the uplift of the plateau. We also observe massive removal of thousands of genes related to the transport process and energy metabolism. O. sinensis displays considerable lineage-specific expansion of gene families functionally enriched in the adaptability of low-temperature of cold tolerance, fungal pathogenicity and specialized host infection. We detect signals of positive selection for genes involved in peroxidase and hypoxia to enable its highland adaptation. Resequencing and analyzing 31 whole genomes of O. sinensis, representing nearly all of its geographic range, exhibits latitude-based population divergence and nature selection for population inhabitation towards higher altitudes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

The neutrino masses and mixings are studied in the model which is the supersymmetric extension of the standard model with local gauged baryon and lepton numbers (BLMSSM). At tree level the neutrinos can obtain tiny masses through the See-Saw mechanism in the BLMSSM. The one-loop corrections to the neutrino masses and mixings are important, and they are studied in this work with the mass insertion approximation. We study the numerical results and discuss the allowed parameter space of BLMSSM. It can contribute to study the neutrino masses and to explore the new physics beyond the standard model (SM).

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type B trichothecenes mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species, often found in foodstuffs for humans and animals. DON is in great demand for the toxicological researches both in vivo and in vitro. In this work, wheat culture was inoculated with a Fusarium graminearum PH-1 strain for DON production. The solvent system for crude extraction was acetonitrile-water (84:16, v/v). A simple two-step silica gel column chromatography was employed to separate the DON mycotoxin from wheat culture, combined with preparative high performance liquid chromatography (preparative HPLC) to purify the compound. The solvent system for the second silica gel column chromatography was methylene chloride-methanol (17:1, v/v), which provided a good elution effect selected on thin layer chromatography (TLC). The target compound was identified by HPLC, and the chemical structure was confirmed by mass spectrometry (MS) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. A total of 433 mg of purified DON was obtained from 1 kg of wheat culture, with a purity of 99.01%. The study had provided an easy-operating and cost-effective method to isolate an expensive compound in a simple way.

We perform an analysis on B0–B¯0 mixing in the extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model where baryon and lepton numbers are local gauge symmetries (BLMSSM) by using the effective Hamiltonian method. And the constraint of a 125 GeV Higgs to the parameter space has also been considered. The numerical results indicate that the contributions of the extra particles can be sizeable in B0–B¯0 mixing. For certain parameter sets, the theoretical prediction of mass differences ΔmB agrees with the current experimental result. Furthermore, B0–B¯0 mixing in the BLMSSM can preliminarily constrain the parameter space. With the development of more precise theoretical analysis and experimental determinations, the B0–B¯0 mixing in the BLMSSM will have a clearer picture and the parameter space in this model will also be further constrained.

Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in dogs and cats in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, Eastern China, and to evaluate the main associated risk factors relating to exposure to T. gondii in this region. Methods: Sera from 160 dogs and 116 cats from Zhenjiang City were tested for anti-T. gondii antibodies using ELISA. The seropositivity by area of activity, sex and age was analyzed. Results: Overall, 21 dogs (13.1%) and 24 cats (20.7%) had antibodies to T. gondii. The infection rate in stray dogs (38.7%) and cats (28.6%) was significantly higher (P0.05). A high proportion of dogs at 3 to 6 years of age were positive to T. gondii (20.0%) while cats with relatively high seropositivity rates were at 0 to 1 year of age (33.3%). Conclusions: The prevalence of T. gondii infection in dogs and cats in Zhenjiang City was high, which is probably the main source of T. gondii infection in this area.

In order to generate an antibody against a small hapten molecule, the hapten is cross-linked with carrier protein to make it immunogenic. In this study, the hapten (ochratoxin A, OTA) was coupled to ovalbumin (OVA) by an active ester reaction. To develop a technique for detecting the conjugation, the hapten-protein conjugate (OTA-OVA) was characterized thoroughly by immunoarray technology, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), respectively. The molecular weight of OTA-OVA was 50 350.141 Da, and the molecular weight of OVA was 44 887.506 Da, which were determined by MALDI-TOF-MS, respectively. In OTA-OVA, the molecular coupling ratio was 13:1 by MALDI-TOF-MS while the molecular coupling ratio was 10:1 by UV. In this experiment, UV and MALDI-TOF-MS were selected as the efficient methods to evaluate the cross-linking effect and calculate the molecular coupling ratio.

Rapidly driven by the need for developing sustainable sources of nutritionally important fatty acids and the rising concerns about environmental impacts after using fossil oil, oil-plants have received increasing awareness nowadays. As an important oil-rich plant in China, Camellia oleifera has played a vital role in providing nutritional applications, biofuel productions and chemical feedstocks. However, the lack of C. oleifera genome sequences and little genetic information have largely hampered the urgent needs for efficient utilization of the abundant germplasms towards modern breeding efforts of this woody oil-plant.Here, using the 454 GS-FLX sequencing platform, we generated approximately 600,000 RNA-Seq reads from four tissues of C. oleifera. These reads were trimmed and assembled into 104,842 non-redundant putative transcripts with a total length of ∼38.9 Mb, representing more than 218-fold of all the C. oleifera sequences currently deposited in the GenBank (as of March 2014). Based on the BLAST similarity searches, nearly 42.6% transcripts could be annotated with known genes, conserved domains, or Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Comparisons with the cultivated tea tree, C. sinensis, identified 3,022 pairs of orthologs, of which 211 exhibited the evidence under positive selection. Pathway analysis detected the majority of genes potentially related to lipid metabolism. Evolutionary analysis of omega-6 fatty acid desaturase (FAD2) genes among 20 oil-plants unexpectedly suggests that a parallel evolution may occur between C. oleifera and Olea oleifera. Additionally, more than 2,300 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 20,200 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the C. oleifera transcriptome.The generated transcriptome represents a considerable increase in the number of sequences deposited in the public databases, providing an unprecedented opportunity to discover all related-genes associated with lipid metabolic pathway in C. oleifera. It will greatly enhance the generation of new varieties of C. oleifera with increased yields and high quality.

Plant chloroplast genes are usually co-transcribed while its posttranscriptional splicing is fairly complex and remains largely unsolved. On basis of sequencing the three complete Camellia (Theaceae) chloroplast genomes for the first time, we comprehensively analyzed the evolutionary patterns of ycf15, a plastid gene quite paradoxical in terms of its function and evolution, along the inferred angiosperm phylogeny. Although many species in separate lineages including the three species reported here contained an intact ycf15 gene in their chloroplast genomes, the phylogenetic mixture of both intact and obviously disabled ycf15 genes imply that they are all non-functional. Both intracellular gene transfer (IGT) and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) failed to explain such distributional anomalies. While, transcriptome analyses revealed that ycf15 was transcribed as precursor polycistronic transcript which contained ycf2, ycf15 and antisense trnL-CAA. The transcriptome assembly was surprisingly found to cover near the complete Camellia chloroplast genome. Many non-coding regions including pseudogenes were mapped by multiple transcripts, indicating the generality of pseudogene transcriptions. Our results suggest that plastid DNA posttranscriptional splicing may involve complex cleavage of non-functional genes.