70 results on '"H, Aubert"'
Search Results
2. 3D Carbonaceous Foams Derived from High Internal Phase Emulsion for Energy Applications
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C. Jouanne, T. N. Pham‐Truong, C. Vancaeyzeele, F. N. Muya, K. Pokpas, P. G. L. Baker, and P. H. Aubert
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PolyHIPE synthesis ,porous carbonaceous monoliths ,functionalization ,supercapacitors ,batteries ,fuel-cells ,Industrial electrochemistry ,TP250-261 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Abstract In recent years, there has been a notable increase in interest regarding monolithic porous polymers known as poly(High Internal Phase Emulsion) – poly(HIPE) – which are synthesized from high internal phase emulsions. This is due to their exceptional capability to produce three‐dimensional structures with substantial porosity. Nevertheless, the exploitation of this family of materials in energy‐driven applications is still limited, mainly because of their lack of conductivity. The exploration of conducting materials with 3D polymeric frameworks remains a promising avenue for research. In this context, pyrolysed poly(HIPE) seems to be the simplest and most cost‐effective strategy to directly transform a 3D polymer into a 3D conductive carbon foam, that is, carboHIPE. Currently, CarboHIPE and its derivatives are becoming alternatives to commercially available activated carbon/graphite or expensive graphene and carbon nanotube‐based materials. Accordingly, gaining insight into the formation of these materials is crucial to accelerate their use in commercial energy devices. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of various synthesis pathways utilized to modify the characteristics of CarboHIPEs, as well as the recent developments in their application as active components in energy‐based systems.
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- 2024
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3. Gamified online surveys: Assessing experience with self-determination theory.
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Alice H Aubert, Andreas Scheidegger, and Sara Schmid
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
We developed four online interfaces supporting citizen participation in decision-making. We included (1) learning loops (LLs), good practice in decision analysis, and (2) gamification, to enliven an otherwise long and tedious survey. We investigated the effects of these features on drop-out rate, perceived experience, and basic psychological needs (BPNs): autonomy, competence, and relatedness, all from self-determination theory. We also investigated how BPNs and individual causality orientation influence experience of the four interfaces. Answers from 785 respondents, representative of the Swiss German-speaking population in age and gender, provided insightful results. LLs and gamification increased drop-out rate. Experience was better explained by the BPN satisfaction than by the interface, and this was moderated by respondents' causality orientations. LLs increased the challenge, and gamification enhanced the social experience and playfulness. LLs frustrated all three needs, and gamification satisfied relatedness. Autonomy and relatedness both positively influenced the social experience, but competence was negatively correlated with challenge. All observed effects were small. Hence, using gamification for decision-making is questionable, and understanding individual variability is a prerequisite; this study has helped disentangle the diversity of responses to survey design options.
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- 2023
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4. Gamifying quantitative face-to-face interviews in rural India: An empirical evaluation based on the basic psychological needs theory.
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Alice H Aubert and Max N D Friedrich
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
ObjectiveStandardized face-to-face interviews are widely used in low and middle-income countries to collect data for social science and health research. Such interviews can be long and tedious. In an attempt to improve the respondents' experience of interviews, we developed a concept of gamified interview format by including a game element. Gamification is reported to increase engagement in tasks, but results from rigorously developed research are equivocal, and a theory of gamification is still needed.Materials & methodsWe evaluated the proposed gamification with a randomized controlled trial based on self-determination theory, specifically on the basic psychological needs theory. In total, 1266 respondents were interviewed. Single and multiple mediation analyses were used to understand the effects of the gamified interview format.ResultsOur evaluation showed that the gamification we had developed did not improve the outcome, the experience of the interview reported by respondent. The effect of the gamified interview format depended on the ability of respondents: gamification can be counterproductive if it overburdens the respondents. However, the basic psychological needs theory explained the mechanisms of action of gamification well: feeling competent and related to others improved the reported experience of the interview.ConclusionWe emphasize the need to develop context-specific gamification and invite researchers to conduct equivalently rigorous evaluations of gamification in future studies.
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- 2021
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5. Innovative online survey about sustainable wastewater management: What young Swiss citizens know and value
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Alice H. Aubert, Sara Schmid, Philipp Beutler, and Judit Lienert
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Geography, Planning and Development ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law - Published
- 2022
6. Recommendations for online elicitation of swing weights from citizens in environmental decision-making
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Alice H. Aubert, Fabien Esculier, and Judit Lienert
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Behavioural Operational Research ,OR in environment and climate change ,Learning ,Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis ,Decision Support System ,Public participation ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
There is a growing demand for public participation in environmental decision-making. However, it is unclear how a large number of citizens can best engage in such complex public policy decision processes. This need from the civil society challenges the OR community to develop online decision-making tools. This article reports on a feasibility assessment of swing weight elicitation, implemented online, for real-world decisions about future wastewater infrastructure. Eliciting weights with the swing method is common in MAVT/MAUT, but not online. A total of 298 affected citizens from the Paris region answered the online swing weight elicitation survey. Another 357 citizens directly rated objectives. Three aspects of learning in the context of MCDA were considered: did participants learn facts about the wastewater topic? Did they comply with the swing elicitation process, i.e. follow the instructions? Did participants learn about their preferences? Factual learning was limited. Process compliance was really low (12%), leading to a number of recommendations for improving the interface for online swing weight elicitation. The collected preferences differed statistically significantly between the compliant and non-compliant participants, and also between the non-compliant and direct rating respondents. This emphasised the effect of the elicitation method on preference construction. Moreover, more participants experienced a strengthening of pre-existing opinions than a change in opinion, and most reported being uncertain about their answers. This calls for better understanding process learning and preference construction. We discuss our developed procedure for online swing weight elicitation, recommend ways to improve swing online surveys, and suggest interesting future research lines that would allow empirically verifying our propositions.
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- 2020
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7. Citizens AND HYdrology (CANDHY): on the application of a transdisciplinary framework for assessing citizen science projects addressing hydrological challenges
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Fernando Nardi, Christophe Cudennec, Tommaso Abrate, Antonio Annis, Thaine H. Assumpção, Alice H. Aubert, Dominique Berod, Alessio Maria Braccini, Wouter Buytaert, Antara Dasgupta, David M. Hannah, Maurizio Mazzoleni, Maria J. Polo, Øystein Sæbø, Jan Seibert, Flavia Tauro, Rita Teutonico, Stefan Uhlenbrook, Cristina Wahrmann Vargas, and Salvatore Grimaldi
- Abstract
Earth and water monitoring and observation systems provide open geo data to scientists and professionals supporting distributed knowledge of major hydromet dynamics and extremes. Mobile technologies, at the same time, are empowering citizens who are nowadays informed and involved in volunteering actions designed and implemented to make our communities more safe and sustainable. Citizen science, as a consequence, is gaining momentum empowering the general public, from the “pleasure of doing science” to complementing observations, increasing scientific literacy, and supporting collaborative behaviour to solve specific water-related challenges. This work illustrates a conceptual transdisciplinary assessment model that was designed with the goal of standardizing the use of citizen science for advancing hydrology. This work was promoted by the Citizens AND HYdrology (CANDHY) Working Group established by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS), and that is composed by a diverse group of hydrological, computer and social science experts. A community paper (Nardi et al., in press) presented the conceptualization of this transdisciplinary framework by identifying the shared constituents, interfaces and interlinkages between hydrological sciences and other academic and non-academic disciplines. Particular emphasis was given to the integration of human sensing and behavioural mechanisms into citizen science programs addressing hydrological problems. The proposed CANDHY transdisciplinary framework is here further tested and applied to assess some selected citizen science programs to understand the knowledge gaps and opportunities arising from ongoing citizen science programs. This comparative assessment shows some interesting preliminary results demonstrating the capacity of the proposed framework in homogenizing and accumulating knowledge from the collaboration of diverse participatory programs addressing similar or complementary hydrological challenges. Nardi F. et al., in press. Citizens AND HYdrology (CANDHY): conceptualizing a transdisciplinary framework for citizen science addressing hydrological challenges. Hydrological Sciences Journal, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2020.1849707
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- 2022
8. Gamified environmental multi‐criteria decision analysis: information on objectives and range insensitivity bias
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Alice H. Aubert, Bettina Von Helversen, and Judit Lienert
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Management of Technology and Innovation ,Strategy and Management ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Business and International Management ,Computer Science Applications - Published
- 2022
9. Towards a Framework for Designing and Assessing Game-Based Approaches for Sustainable Water Governance
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Alice H. Aubert, Wietske Medema, and Arjen E. J. Wals
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gamification ,serious games ,water governance ,stakeholder participation ,sustainability ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
Most of the literature on serious games and gamification calls for a shift from evaluating practices to using theories to assess them. While the former is necessary to justify using game-based approaches, the latter enables understanding “why” game-based approaches are beneficial (or not). Based on earlier review papers and the papers in this special issue of Water entitled “Understanding game-based approaches for improving sustainable water governance: the potential of serious games to solve water problems”, we show that game-based approaches in a water governance context are relatively diverse. In particular, the expected aims, targeted audience, and spatial and temporal scales are factors that differentiate game-based approaches. These factors also strongly influence the design of game-based approaches and the research developed to assess them. We developed a framework to guide and reflect on the design and assessment of game-based approaches, and we suggest opportunities for future research. In particular, we highlight the lack of game-based approaches that can support “society-driven” sustainable water governance.
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- 2019
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10. Solute transport dynamics in small, shallow groundwater-dominated agricultural catchments: insights from a high-frequency, multisolute 10 yr-long monitoring study
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A. H. Aubert, C. Gascuel-Odoux, G. Gruau, N. Akkal, M. Faucheux, Y. Fauvel, C. Grimaldi, Y. Hamon, A. Jaffrézic, M. Lecoz-Boutnik, J. Molénat, P. Petitjean, L. Ruiz, and P. Merot
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Technology ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
High-frequency, long-term and multisolute measurements are required to assess the impact of human pressures on water quality due to (i) the high temporal and spatial variability of climate and human activity and (ii) the fact that chemical solutes combine short- and long-term dynamics. Such data series are scarce. This study, based on an original and unpublished time series from the Kervidy-Naizin headwater catchment (Brittany, France), aims to determine solute transfer processes and dynamics that characterise this strongly human-impacted catchment. The Kervidy-Naizin catchment is a temperate, intensive agricultural catchment, hydrologically controlled by shallow groundwater. Over 10 yr, five solutes (nitrate, sulphate, chloride, and dissolved organic and inorganic carbon) were monitored daily at the catchment outlet and roughly every four months in the shallow groundwater. The concentrations of all five solutes showed seasonal variations but the patterns of the variations differed from one solute to another. Nitrate and chloride exhibit rather smooth variations. In contrast, sulphate as well as organic and inorganic carbon is dominated by flood flushes. The observed nitrate and chloride patterns are typical of an intensive agricultural catchment hydrologically controlled by shallow groundwater. Nitrate and chloride originating mainly from organic fertilisers accumulated over several years in the shallow groundwater. They are seasonally exported when upland groundwater connects with the stream during the wet season. Conversely, sulphate as well as organic and inorganic carbon patterns are not specific to agricultural catchments. These solutes do not come from fertilisers and do not accumulate in soil or shallow groundwater; instead, they are biogeochemically produced in the catchment. The results allowed development of a generic classification system based on the specific temporal patterns and source locations of each solute. It also considers the stocking period and the dominant process that limits transport to the stream, i.e. the connectivity of the stocking compartment. This mechanistic classification can be applied to any chemical solute to help assess its origin, storage or production location and transfer mechanism in similar catchments.
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- 2013
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11. New Seasonal Shift in In-Stream Diurnal Nitrate Cycles Identified by Mining High-Frequency Data.
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Alice H Aubert and Lutz Breuer
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The recent development of in-situ monitoring devices, such as UV-spectrometers, makes the study of short-term stream chemistry variation relevant, especially the study of diurnal cycles, which are not yet fully understood. Our study is based on high-frequency data from an agricultural catchment (Studienlandschaft Schwingbachtal, Germany). We propose a novel approach, i.e. the combination of cluster analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis, to mine from these data nitrate behavior patterns. As a result, we observe a seasonality of nitrate diurnal cycles, that differs from the most common cycle seasonality described in the literature, i.e. pre-dawn peaks in spring. Our cycles appear in summer and the maximum and minimum shift to a later time in late summer/autumn. This is observed both for water- and energy-limited years, thus potentially stressing the role of evapotranspiration. This concluding hypothesis on the role of evapotranspiration on nitrate stream concentration, which was obtained through data mining, broadens the perspective on the diurnal cycling of stream nitrate concentrations.
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- 2016
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12. Tattoo complications in treated and non‐treated psoriatic patients
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E. Mahé, S. Marc, C. Grodner, B. Solyga, J. Delaunay, A. Beauchet, M. Kemula, Nicolas Kluger, J.-L. Perrot, Anne-Claire Fougerousse, C. Jacobzone, J. Parier, Céline Girard, P. Bilan, C. Boulard, H. Barthelemy, M. Ruer-Mulard, D. Bouilly-Auvray, H. Aubert, Nathalie Beneton, M. Steff, Guillaume Chaby, L. Mery-Bossard, François Maccari, A.‐L. Liégeon, D. Pourchot, A. Vermersch-Langlin, Ab. Duval-Modeste, N. Quiles-Tsimaratos, D. Thomas-Beaulieu, HUS Inflammation Center, Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University of Helsinki, and Clinicum
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Allergy ,BLACK ,Koebner phenomenon ,Dermatology ,Disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Psoriasis ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,Tattooing ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,SERIES ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Infectious Diseases ,DEMOGRAPHICS ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,Granuloma ,Superinfection ,Female ,France ,Objective information ,business - Abstract
Background Tattooing is a widespread phenomenon, with an estimated prevalence of 10-30% in Western populations. For psoriasis patients, current recommendations are to avoid having a tattoo if the disease is active and they are receiving immunosuppressive treatments. Although scientific data supporting these recommendations are lacking, dermatologists are often reluctant to advocate tattooing in psoriasis patients. Objective We aimed to evaluate the frequency of tattoo complications in patients with psoriasis and determine whether the occurrence of complications was associated with psoriasis status and treatments received at the time of tattooing. Methods We performed a multicentre cross-sectional study. Adults with psoriasis were consecutively included and classified as tattooed or non-tattooed. Prevalence of complications associated with tattoos was then evaluated according to psoriasis onset and treatments. The study was divided into three parts, in which data were collected through a series of questionnaires filled in by the dermatologist. Complications included pruritus, oedema, allergic reaction/eczema, infection/superinfection, granuloma, lichenification, photosensitivity, Koebner phenomenon and psoriasis flare after tattooing. Diagnosis of complications was made retrospectively. Results We included 2053 psoriatic patients, 20.2% had 894 tattoos. Amongst non-tattooed patients, 15.4% had wished to be tattooed, with psoriasis being stated as a reason for not having a tattoo by 44.0% and 5.7% indicating that they planned to have a tattoo in the future. Local complications, such as oedema, pruritus, allergy and Koebner phenomenon, were reported in tattoos in 6.6%, most frequently in patients with psoriasis requiring treatment at the time of tattooing (P
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- 2020
13. Citizens AND HYdrology (CANDHY) : conceptualizing a transdisciplinary framework for citizen science addressing hydrological challenges
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Rita Teutonico, Wouter Buytaert, Florian Teichert, Maurizio Mazzoleni, Dominique Berod, Cristina Wahrmann Vargas, Antonio Annis, Øystein Sæbø, María José Polo, Alessio Maria Braccini, Antara Dasgupta, Tommaso Abrate, Salvatore Grimaldi, Christophe Cudennec, Alice H. Aubert, Fernando Nardi, Stefan Uhlenbrook, Candice Allouch, Thaine H. Assumpção, David M. Hannah, Flavia Tauro, and Jan Seibert
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Policy making ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS ,Oceanography, Hydrology, Water Resources ,02 engineering and technology ,Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser ,Crowdsourcing ,Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources ,Hydrology (agriculture) ,Transdisciplinarity ,Political science ,Regional planning ,citizen science ,Citizen science ,Information system ,Environmental planning ,Water Science and Technology ,Data collection ,business.industry ,transdisciplinarity ,human behaviour ,human sensors ,020801 environmental engineering ,Citizens AND HYdrology (CandHy) ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_MISCELLANEOUS ,unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) ,crowdsourcing ,business ,volunteered geographic information (VGI) - Abstract
Widely available digital technologies are empowering citizens who are increasingly well informed and involved in numerous water, climate, and environmental challenges. Citizen science can serve many different purposes, from the "pleasure of doing science" to complementing observations, increasing scientific literacy, and supporting collaborative behaviour to solve specific water management problems. Still, procedures on how to incorporate citizens' knowledge effectively to inform policy and decision-making are lagging behind. Moreover, general conceptual frameworks are unavailable, preventing the widespread uptake of citizen science approaches for more participatory cross-sectorial water governance. In this work, we identify the shared constituents, interfaces, and interlinkages between hydrological sciences and other academic and non-academic disciplines in addressing water issues. Our goal is to conceptualize a transdisciplinary framework for valuing citizen science and advancing the hydrological sciences. Joint efforts between hydrological, computer, and social sciences are envisaged for integrating human sensing and behavioural mechanisms into the framework. Expanding opportunities of online communities complement the fundamental value of on-site surveying and indigenous knowledge. This work is promoted by the Citizens AND HYdrology (CANDHY) Working Group established by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS).
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- 2022
14. Gamified online survey to elicit citizens’ preferences and enhance learning for environmental decisions
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Judit Lienert and Alice H. Aubert
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021103 operations research ,Environmental Engineering ,Ecological Modeling ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Applied psychology ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Qualitative property ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Multiple-criteria decision analysis ,01 natural sciences ,Preference ,Originality ,Learning theory ,Preference elicitation ,Affordance ,Psychology ,Software ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Decision analysis ,media_common - Abstract
Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) requires a critical step, namely to elicit individual preferences. On the basis of learning theories, we formalize preference construction as learning about facts and values, and as a process; we also conceptualize an online preference elicitation survey that offers learning loops to increase factual learning and support preference construction. Another originality is gamification. Game elements (a narrative and non-player characters as motivational affordance) keep respondents engaged in the demanding task of weight elicitation. Our tool enables broad public participation in MCDA, allowing reliable online preference elicitation. The survey concept was tested with 107 students and a control treatment. Quantitative and qualitative data indicate that the concept works. Participants’ factual knowledge increased. The survey helped students to learn about their own preferences concerning the importance of objectives. The practical implication is that weighting can be reliably elicited by online surveys. Participants reported a positive experience; further ways to improve it are thoroughly discussed.
- Published
- 2019
15. ValueDecisions, a web app to support decisions with conflicting objectives, multiple stakeholders, and uncertainty
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Fridolin Haag, Alice H. Aubert, and Judit Lienert
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Environmental Engineering ,Ecological Modeling ,Software - Published
- 2022
16. A fidelidade no processo e no produto do traduzir
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Francis H. Aubert
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Romanic languages ,PC1-5498 ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
Sem resumo
- Published
- 2012
17. Gamifying and evaluating problem structuring: A card game workshop for generating decision objectives
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Alice H. Aubert, Jennifer McConville, Sara Schmid, and Judit Lienert
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Statistics and Probability ,Computational Mathematics ,Social Sciences Interdisciplinary (Peace and Conflict Research and Studies on Sustainable Society) ,Interaction Technologies ,Applied Mathematics ,Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) ,General Decision Sciences - Abstract
Serious games, gamification, or game-based interventions are increasingly used as tools to aid participatory decision-making processes, but their evaluation is often not very rigorous. Therefore, it is still unclear whether game-based interventions are really beneficial. We focused on the following overarching question: how effective are game-based interventions specifically designed to support decision-making processes. We used an illustrative case to reflect on this question. Using a published framework proposing that design processes of game-based interventions and their evaluation are intertwined, we designed simultaneously (1) a game-based intervention, specifically a card game and a workshop structure in which this card game is to be used, and (2) its evaluation procedure, formulating evaluation questions and proposing measure instruments based on the literature. We pre-tested the evaluation procedure in a small pilot study with 10 students. We illustrate the use of the design framework for an intervention to generate objectives in a decision-making process about sustainable wastewater management. Through our illustrative case, we identify future research opportunities about designing game-based interventions and evaluating their effectiveness. We found that it is possible to address the dual challenge of game-based interventions for participatory decision-making processes: (1) designing an informative and engaging game-based intervention without telling participants what to think and (2) designing a tailored evaluation procedure. Designing the game-based intervention and its evaluation simultaneously is valuable, because both are strongly intertwined. However, conducting the evaluation is demanding and requires the collaborative efforts of scientists, including across disciplinary boundaries. For instance, the data collection effort could be distributed among different research groups to increase sample size. This would allow including control treatment(s) and covering the variation span of the confounding factors more broadly. All material is made openly available to foster collaborative future research.
- Published
- 2022
18. A review of water-related serious games to specify use in environmental Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
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Judit Lienert, René Bauer, and Alice H. Aubert
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Environmental Engineering ,Computer science ,Ecological Modeling ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Rationality ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Multiple-criteria decision analysis ,01 natural sciences ,Preference ,020801 environmental engineering ,Terminology ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Citizen science ,Stakeholder analysis ,Preference elicitation ,Software ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Decision analysis - Abstract
Serious games and gamification are nowadays pervasive. They are used to communicate about science and sometimes to involve citizens in science (e.g. citizen science). Concurrently, environmental decision analysis is challenged by the high cognitive load of the decision-making process and the possible biases threatening the rationality assumptions. Difficult decision-making processes can result in incomplete preference construction, and are generally limited to few participants. We reviewed 43 serious games and gamified applications related to water. We covered the broad diversity of serious games, which could be explained by the still unsettled terminology in the research area of gamification and serious gaming. We discuss how existing games could benefit early steps of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), including problem structuring, stakeholder analysis, defining objectives, and exploring alternatives. We argue that no existing game allows for preference elicitation; one of the most challenging steps of MCDA. We propose many research opportunities for behavioral operational research.
- Published
- 2018
19. Towards a framework for designing and assessing game-based approaches for sustainable water governance
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Wietske Medema, Arjen E. J. Wals, and Alice H. Aubert
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Serious games ,lcsh:Hydraulic engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Computer science ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0207 environmental engineering ,Context (language use) ,WASS ,02 engineering and technology ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,lcsh:TC1-978 ,Stakeholder participation ,Education and Learning Sciences ,020701 environmental engineering ,Temporal scales ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,lcsh:TD201-500 ,Management science ,Corporate governance ,ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING ,Gamification ,Sustainability ,Onderwijs- en leerwetenschappen ,Game based ,Water governance - Abstract
Most of the literature on serious games and gamification calls for a shift from evaluating practices to using theories to assess them. While the former is necessary to justify using game-based approaches, the latter enables understanding “why” game-based approaches are beneficial (or not). Based on earlier review papers and the papers in this special issue of Water entitled “Understanding game-based approaches for improving sustainable water governance: the potential of serious games to solve water problems”, we show that game-based approaches in a water governance context are relatively diverse. In particular, the expected aims, targeted audience, and spatial and temporal scales are factors that differentiate game-based approaches. These factors also strongly influence the design of game-based approaches and the research developed to assess them. We developed a framework to guide and reflect on the design and assessment of game-based approaches, and we suggest opportunities for future research. In particular, we highlight the lack of game-based approaches that can support “society-driven” sustainable water governance.
- Published
- 2019
20. Motifs temporels de la qualité de l'eau. Analyse d'une décennie de données haute-fréquence mesurées dans un observatoire agro-hydrologique
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Chantal Gascuel-Odoux, Alice H. Aubert, and Philippe Merot
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Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Le present article est une synthese de doctorat, portant sur l'analyse de donnees issues du bassin versant agricole Kervidy-Naizin, appartenant a l'Observatoire de Recherche en Environnement (ORE) AgrHys. Des 2000, face aux enjeux de la qualite de l'eau et du changement climatique, le site a beneficie d'un suivi hydrologique et chimique particulierement fin. Les travaux presentes ci-apres sont la premiere exploration de l'ensemble des chroniques longues de 12 ans du site de Kervidy-Naizin. Ces chroniques remarquables ont permis de repondre aux questions suivantes : quels sont les processus hydrologiques qui controlent les exportations de solutes dans le bassin versant ? Comment la dynamique temporelle d'humectation du bassin influence ces processus dominants ?Quatre methodes originales d'analyse fonctionnelle du bassin versant ont permis de repondre, en etudiant les trois niveaux de variabilite temporelle : la crue, la saisonnalite et les variations interannuelles. Ainsi, un modele conceptuel d'exportation des solutes a quatre compartiments est propose pour expliquer la diversite des dynamiques d'exportation dans ce bassin. Ces resultats montrent une structuration temporelle du signal de qualite de l'eau. Le signal, marque pour certains solutes par l'activite agricole intensive, est domine par la saisonnalite et varie sensiblement selon les conditions hydrometeorologiques de l'annee, et notamment le changement d'etat d'humidite du bassin.
- Published
- 2015
21. Clustering flood events from water quality time series using Latent Dirichlet Allocation model
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Rémi Emonet, Jean-Marc Odobez, Rene Quiniou, A. de Lavenne, Romain Tavenard, Alice H. Aubert, Chantal Gascuel-Odoux, Philippe Merot, Simon Malinowski, and Thomas Guyet
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Multivariate statistics ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Flood myth ,0207 environmental engineering ,Statistical model ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,Latent Dirichlet allocation ,6. Clean water ,symbols.namesake ,13. Climate action ,Statistics ,Principal component analysis ,symbols ,Data mining ,Time series ,020701 environmental engineering ,Cluster analysis ,computer ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
To improve hydro-chemical modeling and forecasting, there is a need to better understand flood-induced variability in water chemistry and the processes controlling it in watersheds. In the literature, assumptions are often made, for instance, that stream chemistry reacts differently to rainfall events depending on the season; however, methods to verify such assumptions are not well developed. Often, few floods are studied at a time and chemicals are used as tracers. Grouping similar events from large multivariate datasets using principal component analysis and clustering methods helps to explain hydrological processes; however, these methods currently have some limits (definition of flood descriptors, linear assumption, for instance). Most clustering methods have been used in the context of regionalization, focusing more on mapping results than on understanding processes. In this study, we extracted flood patterns using the probabilistic Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model, its first use in hydrology, to our knowledge. The LDA method allows multivariate temporal datasets to be considered without having to define explanatory factors beforehand or select representative floods. We analyzed a multivariate dataset from a long-term observatory (Kervidy-Naizin, western France) containing data for four solutes monitored daily for 12 years: nitrate, chloride, dissolved organic carbon, and sulfate. The LDA method extracted four different patterns that were distributed by season. Each pattern can be explained by seasonal hydrological processes. Hydro-meteorological parameters help explain the processes leading to these patterns, which increases understanding of flood-induced variability in water quality. Thus, the LDA method appears useful for analyzing long-term datasets.
- Published
- 2013
22. Sensors in the Stream:The High-Frequency Wave of the Present
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Robert T. Hensley, Andrew J. Wade, S. J. Halliday, Joachim Rozemeijer, Karsten Rinke, George B. Arhonditsis, Phil Jordan, Seifeddine Jomaa, Michael J. Bowes, Alice H. Aubert, Richard Skeffington, Michael Rode, James W. Kirchner, Brian Kronvang, and Matthew J. Cohen
- Subjects
Watershed ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Emerging technologies ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,NITRATE DYNAMICS ,TIME-SERIES ,02 engineering and technology ,STREAMS ,CATCHMENT-SCALE ,WATER-QUALITY DATA ,01 natural sciences ,Ecology and Environment ,Rivers ,Water Quality ,Evapotranspiration ,Streamflow ,Dissolved organic carbon ,PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT ,Environmental Chemistry ,SPRING-FED RIVER ,Turbidity ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing ,Hydrology ,IN-SITU ,Temperature ,General Chemistry ,020801 environmental engineering ,ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM ,Chemistry ,Biology and Microbiology ,ENVIRONMENTAL OBSERVATORIES ,Water quality ,HIGH-RESOLUTION - Abstract
New scientific understanding is catalyzed by novel technologies that enhance measurement precision, resolution or type, and that provide new tools to test and develop theory. Over the last 50, years, technology has transformed the hydrologic sciences by enabling direct measurements of watershed fluxes (evapotranspiration, stream flow) at time scales and spatial extents aligned with variation in physical drivers. High frequency water quality measurements, increasingly obtained by in situ water quality sensors, are extending that transformation. Widely available sensors for some physical (temperature) and chemical (conductivity, dissolved oxygen) attributes have become integral to aquatic science, and emerging sensors for nutrients, dissolved CO, turbidity, algal pigments, and dissolved organic matter are now enabling observations of watersheds and streams at time scales, commensurate with their fundamental hydrological, energetic, elemental, and biological drivers. Here we synthesize insights from emerging technologies across a suite of applications, and envision future advances, enabled by sensors, in our ability to understand, predict, and restore watershed and stream systems.
- Published
- 2016
23. Knowledge discovery from high-frequency stream nitrate concentrations: hydrology and biology contributions
- Author
-
Alice H. Aubert, Michael C. Thrun, Lutz Breuer, Alfred Ultsch, and Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management
- Subjects
Nitrates ,Databases, Factual ,Rivers ,ddc:630 ,Agriculture ,Article ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
High-frequency, in-situ monitoring provides large environmental datasets. These datasets will likely bring new insights in landscape functioning and process scale understanding. However, tailoring data analysis methods is necessary. Here, we detach our analysis from the usual temporal analysis performed in hydrology to determine if it is possible to infer general rules regarding hydrochemistry from available large datasets. We combined a 2-year in-stream nitrate concentration time series (time resolution of 15 min) with concurrent hydrological, meteorological and soil moisture data. We removed the low-frequency variations through low-pass filtering, which suppressed seasonality. We then analyzed the high-frequency variability component using Pareto Density Estimation, which to our knowledge has not been applied to hydrology. The resulting distribution of nitrate concentrations revealed three normally distributed modes: low, medium and high. Studying the environmental conditions for each mode revealed the main control of nitrate concentration: the saturation state of the riparian zone. We found low nitrate concentrations under conditions of hydrological connectivity and dominant denitrifying biological processes, and we found high nitrate concentrations under hydrological recession conditions and dominant nitrifying biological processes. These results generalize our understanding of hydro-biogeochemical nitrate flux controls and bring useful information to the development of nitrogen process-based models at the landscape scale.
- Published
- 2016
24. New Seasonal Shift in In-Stream Diurnal Nitrate Cycles Identified by Mining High-Frequency Data
- Author
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Alice H, Aubert and Lutz, Breuer
- Subjects
Periodicity ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Atmospheric Science ,Rain ,Soil Science ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Linear Discriminant Analysis ,Meteorology ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,Rivers ,Surface Water ,Germany ,Data Mining ,Statistical Methods ,Petrology ,Sedimentary Geology ,Nitrates ,Physics ,Electromagnetic Radiation ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Edaphology ,Chemical Compounds ,Water ,Agriculture ,Geology ,Chemistry ,Physical Sciences ,Earth Sciences ,Solar Radiation ,Sediment ,Seasons ,Hydrology ,Information Technology ,Mathematics ,Statistics (Mathematics) ,Environmental Monitoring ,Research Article - Abstract
The recent development of in-situ monitoring devices, such as UV-spectrometers, makes the study of short-term stream chemistry variation relevant, especially the study of diurnal cycles, which are not yet fully understood. Our study is based on high-frequency data from an agricultural catchment (Studienlandschaft Schwingbachtal, Germany). We propose a novel approach, i.e. the combination of cluster analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis, to mine from these data nitrate behavior patterns. As a result, we observe a seasonality of nitrate diurnal cycles, that differs from the most common cycle seasonality described in the literature, i.e. pre-dawn peaks in spring. Our cycles appear in summer and the maximum and minimum shift to a later time in late summer/autumn. This is observed both for water- and energy-limited years, thus potentially stressing the role of evapotranspiration. This concluding hypothesis on the role of evapotranspiration on nitrate stream concentration, which was obtained through data mining, broadens the perspective on the diurnal cycling of stream nitrate concentrations.
- Published
- 2015
25. Inkjet-printed 'Zero-Power' wireless sensor and power management nodes for IoT and 'Smart Skin' applications
- Author
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A. Traille, A. Georgiadis, A. Collado, Y. Kawahara, H. Aubert, and M. M. Tentzeris
- Published
- 2014
26. Unique B cell differentiation profile in tolerant kidney transplant patients
- Author
-
S. Le Gallou, Laure Michel, Pierrick Guerif, David-Axel Laplaud, Richard Danger, Magali Giral, gersende lacombe, Daniel Baron, A. Pallier, Faouzi Braza, H. Aubert-Wastiaux, Sophie Brouard, Jean-Paul Soulillou, Nicolas Degauque, Karin Tarte, Mélanie Chesneau, Antoine Néel, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Microenvironnement et cancer (MiCa), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut de transplantation urologie-néphrologie (ITUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), MC was supported by a ROTRF grant. FB was supported by a French research ministry grant. RD was supported by the 'Fondation Centaure' (RTRS) which supports a French transplantation research network. RD was also supported by a grant from the 'Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale' (FRM). This study was supported by the Agence de la Biomédecine Française (ABM)., and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_treatment ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Plasma Cells ,Naive B cell ,Down-Regulation ,Apoptosis ,030230 surgery ,CD38 ,Lymphocyte Activation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antigens, CD ,Immune Tolerance ,medicine ,cytokine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Lymphocyte Count ,Cells, Cultured ,B cell ,030304 developmental biology ,B-Lymphocytes ,0303 health sciences ,B cells ,CD40 ,tolerance ,biology ,CD24 ,Cell Differentiation ,differentiation ,Middle Aged ,Kidney Transplantation ,Molecular biology ,Interleukin-10 ,Cell biology ,B-1 cell ,Cytokine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology.protein ,Female ,Antibody ,transplantation - Abstract
The authors of this manuscript have no conflicts of interest to disclose as described by the American Journal of Transplantation.; International audience; Operationally tolerant patients (TOL) display a higher number of blood B cells and transcriptional B cell signature. As they rarely develop an allo-immune response, they could display an abnormal B cell differentiation. We used an in vitro culture system to explore T-dependent differentiation of B cells into plasma cells. B cell phenotype, apoptosis, proliferation, cytokine, immunoglobulin production and markers of differentiation were followed in blood of these patients. Tolerant recipients show a higher frequency of CD20(+) CD24(hi) CD38(hi) transitional and CD20(+) CD38(lo) CD24(lo) naïve B cells compared to patients with stable graft function, correlating with a decreased frequency of CD20(-) CD38(+) CD138(+) differentiated plasma cells, suggestive of abnormal B cell differentiation. B cells from TOL proliferate normally but produce more IL-10. In addition, B cells from tolerant recipients exhibit a defective expression of factors of the end step of differentiation into plasma cells and show a higher propensity for cell death apoptosis compared to patients with stable graft function. This in vitro profile is consistent with down-regulation of B cell differentiation genes and anti-apoptotic B cell genes in these patients in vivo. These data suggest that a balance between B cells producing IL-10 and a deficiency in plasma cells may encourage an environment favorable to the tolerance maintenance.
- Published
- 2014
27. Solute transport dynamics in small, shallow groundwater-dominated agricultural catchments: insights from a high-frequency, multisolute 10 yr-long monitoring study
- Author
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Gérard Gruau, Patrice Petitjean, Chantal Gascuel-Odoux, Philippe Merot, Y. Hamon, Y. Fauvel, M. Faucheux, Laurent Ruiz, Catherine Grimaldi, Jérôme Molénat, N. Akkal, Alice H. Aubert, Anne Jaffrézic, M. Lecoz-Boutnik, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro
- Subjects
RIVER WATER ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,0207 environmental engineering ,Drainage basin ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:Technology ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:TD1-1066 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Total inorganic carbon ,Nitrate ,Dissolved organic carbon ,Temperate climate ,DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON ,lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,020701 environmental engineering ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Hydrology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,lcsh:T ,NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,6. Clean water ,lcsh:G ,chemistry ,WATER-QUALITY ,13. Climate action ,TEMPORAL VARIATIONS ,CHLORIDE CONCENTRATIONS ,HEADWATER CATCHMENT ,STREAM WATER ,MID-WALES ,NITRATE ,Environmental science ,Spatial variability ,Water quality ,Groundwater - Abstract
High-frequency, long-term and multisolute measurements are required to assess the impact of human pressures on water quality due to (i) the high temporal and spatial variability of climate and human activity and (ii) the fact that chemical solutes combine short- and long-term dynamics. Such data series are scarce. This study, based on an original and unpublished time series from the Kervidy-Naizin headwater catchment (Brittany, France), aims to determine solute transfer processes and dynamics that characterise this strongly human-impacted catchment. The Kervidy-Naizin catchment is a temperate, intensive agricultural catchment, hydrologically controlled by shallow groundwater. Over 10 yr, five solutes (nitrate, sulphate, chloride, and dissolved organic and inorganic carbon) were monitored daily at the catchment outlet and roughly every four months in the shallow groundwater. The concentrations of all five solutes showed seasonal variations but the patterns of the variations differed from one solute to another. Nitrate and chloride exhibit rather smooth variations. In contrast, sulphate as well as organic and inorganic carbon is dominated by flood flushes. The observed nitrate and chloride patterns are typical of an intensive agricultural catchment hydrologically controlled by shallow groundwater. Nitrate and chloride originating mainly from organic fertilisers accumulated over several years in the shallow groundwater. They are seasonally exported when upland groundwater connects with the stream during the wet season. Conversely, sulphate as well as organic and inorganic carbon patterns are not specific to agricultural catchments. These solutes do not come from fertilisers and do not accumulate in soil or shallow groundwater; instead, they are biogeochemically produced in the catchment. The results allowed development of a generic classification system based on the specific temporal patterns and source locations of each solute. It also considers the stocking period and the dominant process that limits transport to the stream, i.e. the connectivity of the stocking compartment. This mechanistic classification can be applied to any chemical solute to help assess its origin, storage or production location and transfer mechanism in similar catchments.
- Published
- 2013
28. The chemical signature of a livestock farming catchment: synthesis from a high-frequency multi-element long term monitoring
- Author
-
Gérard Gruau, Patrice Petitjean, Chantal Gascuel-Odoux, Jérôme Molénat, M. Faucheux, Anne Jaffrézic, Catherine Grimaldi, Ph. Merot, Y. Fauvel, L. Ruiz, Alice H. Aubert, M. Lecoz-Boutnik, and Y. Hamon
- Subjects
Chemical signature ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Livestock farming ,Long term monitoring ,Environmental engineering ,Drainage basin ,Environmental science ,Water resource management ,Multi element - Abstract
Assessing the impact of human pressures on water quality is difficult. First, there is a high temporal and spatial variability of climate and human activity. Second, chemical elements have their own characteristics mixing short and long term dynamics. High frequency, long-term and multi-element measurements are required. But, such data series are scarce. This paper aims at determining what the hydro-chemical particularities of a livestock farming catchment are in a temperate climatic context. It is based on an original and never published time series, from Kervidy-Naizin headwater catchment. Stream chemistry was monitored daily and shallow groundwater roughly every four month, for 10 yr and five elements (nitrate, sulphate, chloride, and dissolved organic and inorganic carbon). The five elements present strong but different seasonal patterns. Nitrate and chloride present a seasonal flush, all along or at the beginning of the wet season, respectively. Sulphate, organic and inorganic carbon present storm flushes, with constant or decreasing peaks throughout the wet season. These depicted nitrate and chloride patterns are typical of a livestock farming catchment. There, nitrate and chloride coming from organic fertilisation have been accumulating over years in the shallow groundwater. They are seasonally flushed when the groundwater connects to the stream. Sulphate, organic and inorganic carbon patterns do not seem specific to agricultural catchments. These elements are produced each year and flushed by storms. Finally, a generic classification of temporal patterns and elements is established for agricultural catchments. It is based on the distance of the source component to the stream and the dominant controlling process (accumulation versus production). This classification could be applied to any chemical element and help assessing the level of water disturbances.
- Published
- 2012
29. Morphological characterization of microcellular carbon foams
- Author
-
J. H. Aubert and A. P. Sylwester
- Subjects
Materials science ,Carbonization ,Mechanical Engineering ,Carbon nanofoam ,Polyacrylonitrile ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Porosimetry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,Porosity ,Pyrolysis ,Carbon ,BET theory - Abstract
Microcellular carbon foams have been prepared by the high-temperature carbonization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) foams in an inert atmosphere. The PAN precursor foams were first prepared by thermally induced phase separation of PAN solutions followed by gelation/extraction or freezing/freeze-drying processes. The resulting carbon foams have low densities and open-celled morphologies. We have developed two complementary techniques to characterize objectively carbon foam morphologies, BET surface area measurements and mercury porosimetry. These two measurement techniques, when used in conjunction with known stereological rules, allow us to calculate densities and average cell sizes or cell size distributions. As a bonus, values of the bulk modulus for low-density carbon foams also can be determined from mercury porosimetry. Unlike other techniques, our determinations do not require carefully prepared surfaces (such as for microscopy) or an assumed morphological model (required for most other techniques).
- Published
- 1991
30. Combined segregation-linkage analysis of plasma thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) antigen levels with TAFI gene polymorphisms
- Author
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Sophie Visvikis, Irène Juhan-Vague, P.E. Morange, M. Henry, Laurence Tiret, David-Alexandre Trégouët, and H. Aubert
- Subjects
Untranslated region ,Adult ,Male ,Linkage disequilibrium ,Carboxypeptidase B2 ,Adolescent ,Genotype ,Genetic Linkage ,Carboxypeptidases ,Quantitative trait locus ,Biology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Linkage Disequilibrium ,Quantitative Trait, Heritable ,Gene Frequency ,Genetic linkage ,Chromosome Segregation ,Genetics ,Humans ,Child ,Gene ,Genetics (clinical) ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,Molecular medicine ,Human genetics ,Minor allele frequency ,Haplotypes ,Female ,Lod Score - Abstract
By decreasing plasminogen binding to fibrin surface, the thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) has been hypothesized to constitute an early marker for atherothrombotic diseases. Previous studies have shown that plasma TAFI levels exhibit a high interindividual variability that is only poorly explained by lifestyle factors. Several polymorphisms of the TAFI gene have been described, and a combination of a C+1542G substitution in the 3′ untranslated region and an Ala147Thr amino acid change has been shown to explain 60% of TAFI variability in a sample of unrelated individuals. A segregation-linkage analysis was performed to determine whether these polymorphisms are directly involved in the genetic regulation of TAFI levels, or whether they are only markers in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with unmeasured TAFI-linked quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The sample consisted of 97 healthy nuclear families from the Stanislas Cohort. The C+1542G and Ala147Thr polymorphisms were in complete negative LD, with minor allele frequencies of 0.27 and 0.28, respectively. Results of the segregation-linkage analysis provided evidence of two TAFI-linked QTLs in LD with the two measured polymorphisms, which would explain 78% of the TAFI variance, as compared with 55% explained by the C+1542G and the Ala147Thr polymorphisms combined. The two putative QTLs would have minor allele frequencies of 0.45 and 0.32, respectively. The hypothesis that one of the measured polymorphisms is one of the QTLs was rejected. The putative QTLs also did not seem compatible with the other TAFI gene polymorphisms that we have previously described. More extensive sequencing of the TAFI gene is necessary to identify the functional variants.
- Published
- 2001
31. Low density, microcellular, dopable, agar/gelatin foams for pulsed power experiments
- Author
-
W. F. McNamara and J. H. Aubert
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,food.ingredient ,Doping ,Natural polymers ,Polymer ,Pulsed power ,Gelatin ,Metal ,food ,chemistry ,visual_art ,Low density ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Agar ,Composite material - Abstract
Low-density, microcellular foams prepared from the natural polymers agar and gelatin have been developed for pulsed-power physics experiments. Numerous experiments were supported with foams having densities at or below 10 mg/cm{sup 3}. For some of the experiments, the agar/gelatin foam was uniformly doped with metallic elements using soluble salts. Depending on the method of preparation, cell sizes were typically below 10 microns and for one process were below 1.0 micron.
- Published
- 1997
32. Combined segregation-linkage analysis of plasma thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) antigen levels with TAFI gene polymorphisms
- Author
-
D.-A., Trégouet, primary, H., Aubert, additional, M., Henry, additional, P., Morange, additional, S., Visvikis, additional, I., Juhan-Vague, additional, and L., Tiret, additional
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Ueber subjective Licht-Erscheinungen
- Author
-
H. Aubert
- Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy - Abstract
n/a
- Published
- 1862
34. Measurement of the adhesion of a desmid to a substrate
- Author
-
A. J. Brook, K. L. Shephard, and H. Aubert
- Subjects
biology ,Closterium acerosum ,Substrate (chemistry) ,Mineralogy ,Plant Science ,Adhesion ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Closterium ,Adhesion strength ,Mucilage ,Drag ,Adhesive ,Composite material - Abstract
The paper describes a hydrodynamic method by which the adhesive strength of the mucilage produced from the apical proes of Closterium acerosum has been measured. An equation used to determine the drag force on the cells is presented, as are some measured adhesive strengths of the Closterium mucus to glass slides.
- Published
- 1989
35. Erwiderung auf Dr. J. Bernsteins Bemerkung zu dem Aufsatze 'Ueber die vasomotorischen Wirkungen des Nervus vagus, laryngeus und sympathicus
- Author
-
G. Roever and H. Aubert
- Subjects
Physiology ,Physiology (medical) ,Philosophy ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Human physiology ,Anatomy - Abstract
n/a
- Published
- 1869
36. Ueber Augenmaass und optische Täuschungen Briefliche Mittheilung
- Author
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H. Aubert
- Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy - Abstract
n/a
- Published
- 1863
37. Analyse de la fonction de transfert générale d'un amplificateur à choppers
- Author
-
H. Aubert and M. Bazilinski
- Subjects
[PHYS.HIST]Physics [physics]/Physics archives ,amplifiers - Abstract
La fonction de transfert d'un ensemble d'amplification à choppers présente, dans la gamme d'utilisation, une déformation inhérente au principe de cet appareil, même si l'amplificateur proprement dit est supposé parfait, phénomène dont il semble que la théorie n'avait pas été élaborée. Par un passage à la limite laissant valables les conclusions pratiques, on montre que, bien que les processus mis en jeu soient essentiellement non linéaires, cette fonction obéit au principe de superposition. On la met sous la forme d'un produit dont les trois facteurs représentent respectivement le gain à fréquence nulle, le gain relatif complexe filtre non compris et l'effet du filtre. On en déduit des formules permettant de choisir au mieux les caractéristiques des composants en vue de minimiser ce défaut particulièrement gênant dans les travaux de recherche exigeant une réponse transitoire aussi fidèle que possible. On montre en outre que l'imperfection de l'amplificateur proprement dit entraîne un décalage entre l'abscisse du minimum d'amplitude et celle du passage à zéro de la phase. Les formules obtenues se simplifient beaucoup dans nombre de cas pratiques en donnant des approximations en général suffisantes.
- Published
- 1967
38. Design of air blast pressure sensors based on miniature silicon membrane and piezoresistive gauges.
- Author
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J Riondet, A. Coustou, H. Aubert, P. Pons, M. Lavayssière, J. Luc, and A. Lefrançois
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Bio-Impedance Spectroscopy of Retained Cells Using a Micro-Perforated Sensing Membrane Filtrating Whole Blood Samples under High Flowrate.
- Author
-
Sagot M, Bou E, Bourrier D, Cerf A, Aubert H, and Vieu C
- Subjects
- Microelectrodes, Electric Impedance, Dielectric Spectroscopy
- Abstract
Blood filtration using micro-fabricated devices is an interdisciplinary topic of research and innovation driven by clinical applications in cytapheresis, cardiovascular disease monitoring, or liquid biopsy. In this paper, we demonstrate that a micro-perforated membrane can be equipped with sensing microelectrodes for detecting, in situ and in real-time, the capture of cellular material during ex vivo filtration of whole blood under high flow rates. This work describes the fabrication process of the sift and detection microdevice. We demonstrate that reliable electrical signals can be measured in whole blood samples flowing inside a fluidic system at typical flow rates, as large as 11.5 mL/min, hence allowing for large-volume sample processing. The in situ monitoring of the electrical impedance of the microelectrodes is shown to characterize the accumulation of living circulating cells retained by the filtrating membrane, opening interesting applications for monitoring blood filtration processes.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Shock Properties Characterization of Dielectric Materials Using Millimeter-Wave Interferometry and Convolutional Neural Networks.
- Author
-
Mapas J, Lefrançois A, Aubert H, Comte S, Barbarin Y, Lavayssière M, Rougier B, and Dore A
- Abstract
In this paper, a neural network approach is applied for solving an electromagnetic inverse problem involving solid dielectric materials subjected to shock impacts and interrogated by a millimeter-wave interferometer. Under mechanical impact, a shock wave is generated in the material and modifies the refractive index. It was recently demonstrated that the shock wavefront velocity and the particle velocity as well as the modified index in a shocked material can be remotely derived from measuring two characteristic Doppler frequencies in the waveform delivered by a millimeter-wave interferometer. We show here that a more accurate estimation of the shock wavefront and particle velocities can be obtained from training an appropriate convolutional neural network, especially in the important case of short-duration waveforms of few microseconds.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. IL-4/IL-13 Inhibitors for Atopic Dermatitis Induce Psoriatic Rash Transcriptionally Close to Pustular Psoriasis.
- Author
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Grolleau C, Calugareanu A, Demouche S, Nosbaum A, Staumont-Sallé D, Aubert H, Cassius C, Jachiet M, Saussine A, Bagot M, Bachelez H, Battistella M, Hotz C, Du Thanh A, Crépy MN, Bergerat D, Merandet M, Onifarasoaniaina R, Alberdi A, How-Kit A, Bouaziz JD, and Le-Buanec H
- Subjects
- Humans, Interleukin-4 genetics, Interleukin-13 genetics, Dermatitis, Atopic drug therapy, Dermatitis, Atopic genetics, Psoriasis drug therapy, Psoriasis genetics, Exanthema
- Abstract
Dupilumab is a therapeutic antibody targeting IL-4 and IL-13 receptor subunit alpha used for the treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Cases of psoriasis-like reactions induced under dupilumab treatment (dupilumab-induced psoriatic eruption [DI-Pso]) for AD were recently reported. To understand the pathogenesis of DI-Pso, we performed gene expression profiling studies on skin biopsies of DI-Pso (n = 7) compared with those of plaque psoriasis, AD, and healthy controls (n = 4 each). Differential gene expression was performed using enrichment and Gene Ontology analysis. Gene expression was validated by qPCR, and protein levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Transcriptomic and protein analysis of DI-Pso compared with that of healthy controls, plaque psoriasis, and AD skins revealed activation of T helper 17/IL-23 pathways associated with a significant expression of IL-36, surrogate marker of pustular psoriasis. By contrast, T helper 2 representative genes' expression was strongly decreased in DI-Pso across comparison. Matching analysis with public data of pustular psoriasis skin corroborated that DI-Pso and pustular psoriasis upstream regulators overlap, greater than the overlap with plaque psoriasis. Furthermore, DI-Pso showed strongly decreased expression of many barrier skin genes compared with healthy controls, plaque psoriasis, and AD. Our data indicate that the pathogenesis of DI-Pso relied on a shift of skin immune responses from a T helper 2 to an IL-36 and T helper 17 polarization and on intensified skin barrier alterations., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Transient Response of Miniature Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Dedicated to Blast Wave Monitoring.
- Author
-
Sanchez K, Achour B, Coustou A, Lecestre A, Charlot S, Lavayssière M, Lefrançois A, Aubert H, and Pons P
- Abstract
Blast waves generated by energetic materials involve very fast time variations in the pressure. One important issue for blast wave metrology is the accurate measurement (typical precision in the range of ±5% or better) of the static overpressure peak. For most near field configurations, this measurement requires ultra-fast sensors with response times lower than a few microseconds. In this paper, we design, model, fabricate and characterize a new ultra-fast sensor using piezo-resistive gauges at the center of a miniaturized and rectangular silicon membrane. When a pressure step of 10 bar is applied to the membrane, the signal delivered to the sensor output presents dampened oscillations, with a resonant frequency of 20.6 MHz and quality factor of 24,700 ns after the arrival of the shock wave. After removing undesirable drifts that appear after 700 ns, we may expect the sensor to have a response time (at ±5%) of 1.2 µs. Consequently, the proposed pressure sensor could be advantageously used for the accurate measurement of static overpressure peaks in blast wave experiments.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Frequency Bandwidth of Pressure Sensors Dedicated to Blast Experiments.
- Author
-
Chalnot M, Pons P, and Aubert H
- Subjects
- Pressure, Explosions, Leukocytes
- Abstract
New broadband (>1 MHz) pressure sensors are regularly reported in the literature to measure the overpressure of blast waves. However, the frequency bandwidth needed to accurately measure such overpressure has not yet been clearly discussed. In this article, we present a methodology to determine the bandwidth required to estimate the overpressure magnitude at the front of a blast wave, in order to obtain a desired estimation accuracy. The bandwidth is derived here by using Kingery and Bulmash data.
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- 2022
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44. Treatment of two infants with PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum by alpelisib.
- Author
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Morin G, Degrugillier-Chopinet C, Vincent M, Fraissenon A, Aubert H, Chapelle C, Hoguin C, Dubos F, Catteau B, Petit F, Mezel A, Domanski O, Herbreteau G, Alesandrini M, Boddaert N, Boutry N, Broissand C, Han TK, Branle F, Sarnacki S, Blanc T, Guibaud L, and Canaud G
- Subjects
- Biomarkers, Diagnostic Imaging, Disease Management, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Growth Disorders diagnosis, Humans, Infant, Male, Phenotype, Thiazoles administration & dosage, Thiazoles adverse effects, Treatment Outcome, Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases genetics, Growth Disorders drug therapy, Growth Disorders etiology, Thiazoles therapeutic use
- Abstract
PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) includes rare genetic conditions due to gain-of-function mutations in the PIK3CA gene. There is no approved medical therapy for patients with PROS, and alpelisib, an approved PIK3CA inhibitor in oncology, showed promising results in preclinical models and in patients. Here, we report for the first time the outcome of two infants with PROS having life-threatening conditions treated with alpelisib (25 mg) and monitored with pharmacokinetics. Patient 1 was an 8-mo-old girl with voluminous vascular malformation. Patient 2 was a 9-mo-old boy presenting with asymmetrical body overgrowth and right hemimegalencephaly with West syndrome. After 12 mo of follow-up, alpelisib treatment was associated with improvement in signs and symptoms, morphological lesions and vascular anomalies in the two patients. No adverse events were reported during the study. In this case series, pharmacological inhibition of PIK3CA with low-dose alpelisib was feasible and associated with clinical improvements, including a smaller size of associated complex tissue malformations and good tolerability., Competing Interests: Disclosures: F. Dubos reported personal fees from Sanofi-Pasteur, MSD, and Takeda outside the submitted work. T.K. Han reported being an employee at Novartis. F. Branle reported "other" from Novartis.Pharma.AG during the conduct of the study; and is a full-time employee of Novartis.Pharma AG Switzerland. A patent application (“BYL719 [alpelisib] for use in the treatment of PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum”; #WO2017140828A1) has been filed by Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Descartes, and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris for the use of BYL719 (alpelisib) in the treatment of PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS/CLOVES syndrome). G. Canaud is the inventor. G. Canaud receives or has received consulting fees from Novartis, Vaderis, Fresenius Medical Care, Alkermes, IPSEN, and BridgeBio. No other disclosures were reported., (© 2022 Morin et al.)
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- 2022
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45. Chilblains during lockdown are associated with household exposure to SARS-CoV-2: a multicentre case-control study.
- Author
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Poizeau F, Oger E, Barbarot S, Le Corre Y, Samimi M, Brenaut E, Aubert H, Chambrelan E, Droitcourt C, Gissot V, Heslan C, Laurent C, Martin L, Misery L, Tattevin P, Toubel A, Thibault V, and Dupuy A
- Subjects
- Case-Control Studies, Communicable Disease Control, Humans, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Chilblains epidemiology
- Abstract
Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous cases of chilblains have been reported. However, in most cases, RT-PCR or serology did not confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hypotheses have been raised about an interferon-mediated immunological response to SARS-CoV-2, leading to effective clearance of the SARS-CoV-2 without the involvement of humoral immunity. Our objective was to explore the association between chilblains and exposure to SARS-CoV-2., Methods: In this multicentre case-control study, cases were the 102 individuals referred to five referral hospitals for chilblains occurring during the first lockdown (March to May 2020). Controls were recruited from healthy volunteers' files held by the same hospitals. All members of their households were included, resulting in 77 case households (262 individuals) and 74 control households (230 individuals). Household exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during the first lockdown was categorized as high, intermediate or low, using a pre-established algorithm based on individual data on symptoms, high-risk contacts, activities outside the home and RT-PCR testing. Participants were offered a SARS-CoV-2 serological test., Results: After adjustment for age, the association between chilblains and viral exposure was estimated at OR 3.3, 95% CI (1.4-7.3) for an intermediate household exposure, and 6.9 (2.5-19.5) for a high household exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Out of 57 case households tested, six (11%) had positive serology for SARS-CoV-2, whereas all control households tested (n = 50) were seronegative (p = 0.03). The effect of potential misclassification on exposure has been assessed in a bias analysis., Discussion: This case-control study demonstrates the association between chilblains occurring during the lockdown and household exposure to SARS-CoV-2., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Long-term Outcome of Chilblains Associated with SARS-CoV-2.
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Poizeau F, Barbarot S, Le Corre Y, Brenaut E, Samimi M, Aubert H, Toubel A, and Dupuy A
- Subjects
- Biopsy, Female, Humans, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Chilblains diagnosis, Chilblains epidemiology
- Abstract
Numerous cases of chilblains have been observed in the course if the COVID-19 pandemic. The aims of this study were to provide comprehensive follow-up data for patients reporting chilblains, and to determine the risk factors for incomplete recovery. Patients referred to 5 hospitals in France between March and May 2020 for chilblains were surveyed on December 2020. A teleconsultation was offered. Among 82 patients reporting chilblains, 27 (33%) reported complete recovery, 33 (40%) had recurrences of chilblains after their hands and feet had returned to normal, and 22 (27%) developed persistent acral manifestations, mostly acrocyanosis, with or without further recurrences of chilblains. Most recurrences of chilblains occurred during the following autumn and winter. A past history of chilblains was not associated with recurrences or persistent acral manifestations. Women had a significantly higher risk of developing recurrences or persistent acral manifestations (odds ratio 1.30; 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.59). In conclusion, two-thirds of patients reporting chilblains at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic experienced persistent or recurrent acral manifestations after a 10-month follow-up.
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- 2021
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47. A Non-Invasive Millimetre-Wave Radar Sensor for Automated Behavioural Tracking in Precision Farming-Application to Sheep Husbandry.
- Author
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Dore A, Pasquaretta C, Henry D, Ricard E, Bompa JF, Bonneau M, Boissy A, Hazard D, Lihoreau M, and Aubert H
- Subjects
- Agriculture, Animals, Data Collection, Monitoring, Physiologic, Sheep, Movement, Radar
- Abstract
The automated quantification of the behaviour of freely moving animals is increasingly needed in applied ethology. State-of-the-art approaches often require tags to identify animals, high computational power for data collection and processing, and are sensitive to environmental conditions, which limits their large-scale utilization, for instance in genetic selection programs of animal breeding. Here we introduce a new automated tracking system based on millimetre-wave radars for real time robust and high precision monitoring of untagged animals. In contrast to conventional video tracking systems, radar tracking requires low processing power, is independent on light variations and has more accurate estimations of animal positions due to a lower misdetection rate. To validate our approach, we monitored the movements of 58 sheep in a standard indoor behavioural test used for assessing social motivation. We derived new estimators from the radar data that can be used to improve the behavioural phenotyping of the sheep. We then showed how radars can be used for movement tracking at larger spatial scales, in the field, by adjusting operating frequency and radiated electromagnetic power. Millimetre-wave radars thus hold considerable promises precision farming through high-throughput recording of the behaviour of untagged animals in different types of environments.
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- 2021
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48. Microelectromechanical Transducer to Monitor High-Doses of Nuclear Irradiation.
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Philippe J, Ferry M, Charlot S, Assié S, Lecestre A, Libaude G, Ferrand A, Pons P, and Aubert H
- Subjects
- Monitoring, Physiologic, Polymers, Radiation Dosimeters, Transducers
- Abstract
This paper reports the design, fabrication and measured performance of a passive microelectromechanical transducer for the wireless monitoring of high irradiation doses in nuclear environments. The sensing device is composed of a polymer material (high-density polyethylene) sealed inside a cavity. Subjected to ionizing radiation, this material releases various gases, which increases the pressure inside the cavity and deflects a dielectric membrane. From the measurement of the deflection, the variation of the applied pressure can be estimated, and, in turn, the dose may be determined. The microelectromechanical structure can also be used to study and validate the radiolysis properties of the polymer through its gas emission yield factor. Measurement of the dielectric membrane deflection is performed here to validate on the one hand the required airtightness of the cavity exposed to doses about 4 MGy and on the other hand, the functionality of the fabricated dosimeter for doses up to 80 kGy. The selection of appropriate materials for the microelectromechanical device is discussed, and the outgassing properties of the selected high-density polyethylene are analysed. Moreover, the technological fabrication process of the transducer is detailed.
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- 2021
- Full Text
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49. Management of Congenital Melanocytic Naevi in Children: A French National Survey Using Clinical Vignettes.
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Aubert H, Pere M, Bellier Waast F, Perrot P, and Barbarot S
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Melanoma, Nevus, Pigmented diagnosis, Nevus, Pigmented surgery, Skin Neoplasms epidemiology, Skin Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Management of congenital melanocytic naevi in childhood may vary depending on the habits and experience of the treating clinician. The aim of this study was to assess current practice and determinants of surgical excision decision-making among French physicians. A national survey was conducted among dermatologists, paediatricians and surgeons, using clinical vignettes illustrating 29 scenarios. The primary outcome was the decision to perform surgical excision in each vignette. Of the 11,310 decisions made by the 390 participants (257 dermatologists, 35 surgeons, and 98 paediatricians) surgical excision was chosen in 33% of cases. The stated motivations for performing surgical excision were: melanoma risk, aesthetic/psychosocial risk, or both, in 39%, 34% and 27% of cases, respectively. Physicians with a higher level of experience in oncodermatology were more likely to opt for surgical excision. The age of the child, the size of the congenital melanocytic naevi, and the visibility of the lesion had no influence on the decision to perform surgical excision.
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- 2020
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50. Rheumatic involvement and bone scan features in Schnitzler syndrome: initial and follow-up data from a single-center cohort of 25 patients.
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Darrieutort-Laffite C, Ansquer C, Aubert H, Kraeber-Bodéré F, Masseau A, Agard C, Hamidou M, Bernier C, Berthelot JM, Le Goff B, Barbarot S, and Néel A
- Subjects
- Cohort Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Musculoskeletal Pain etiology, Schnitzler Syndrome diagnostic imaging, Schnitzler Syndrome drug therapy, Schnitzler Syndrome immunology
- Abstract
Objective: To report on the characteristics and long-term course of rheumatic manifestations in Schnitzler syndrome (SchS)., Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients with SchS followed between 2000 and 2020. Inclusion criteria included a diagnosis of SchS (Strasbourg criteria). All available bone scans were reviewed and scored according to the intensity and number of pathological sites. The scintigraphic score was compared with the clinical activity score, CRP level, and treatments., Results: Twenty-five patients were included. Median age at diagnosis was 68 years. Eighty patients (72%) had SchS-related rheumatic pain. Most patients had a long-standing isolated rash before constitutional and/or rheumatic symptoms appeared. The monoclonal component level was usually very low (IgMκ in 22/25). Rheumatic pain predominated around the knees. Bone scans revealed abnormal tracer uptake in 15/18 (85%). The scintigraphic score correlated with clinical activity (r = 0.4, p < 0.02) and CRP level (r = 0.47, p < 0.01). The scintigraphic score was lower in patients receiving corticosteroids or IL1Ra (interleukin 1 receptor antagonist) than in untreated patients (median scores:2, 0, and 13, respectively; p < 0.05). Two patients developed Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Of the 22 surviving patients, median age at follow-up was 76 years. IL1Ra was used in 13 patients, with dramatic efficacy on both symptoms and bone scan features., Conclusions: Rheumatic manifestations are very prevalent in SchS. However, bone pain can be misleading and contribute to misdiagnosis. Bone scan abnormalities are very prevalent and correlate with disease activity and treatments. IL1-Ra has a dramatic and durable efficacy but may not be required in every patient early on.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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