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Background: Metaphors and analogies are a good way of explaining medical concepts to our patients to help them understand their condition and treatment strategies. Objectives: To find out the opinions of healthcare professionals (HCPs) who manage chronic pain regarding the metaphors and analogies, we have developed and used routinely in our clinical practice. Materials and Methods: HCPs from across the world working in pain clinic/centres were sent a SurveyMonkey link. They were asked to rate the five metaphors and analogies that explain the concepts of multimodal pain management, referred pain, diagnostic spinal interventions and the importance of doing regular physiotherapy exercises on a scale from 0 to 100 (with 0 being poor and 100 as an excellent description) in conveying the concepts they are supposed to communicate. They were also asked if they would consider using them in their clinical practice on a five point Likert scale (1 being very likely and 5 very unlikely). Results: We had 142 responses. Over 50% were from Asia. About 88.7% were practicing anesthesia and pain management. The average score for achieving consensus on the concepts ranged from 70 to 76 out of 100 for the five metaphors and analogies. Sixty-six percent to 76% of HCPs were "very likely" or "likely" to use them in their clinical practice. The average score for promoting self-management with the multimodal pain management metaphor and analogy was 63 and 68 out of 100, respectively. Conclusions: Most HCPs who manage chronic pain indicated that the metaphor and analogies surveyed convey their key concepts. Sixty-six percent to 76% of respondents were "very likely" or "likely" to use these in their clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Introduction: With increased urbanization the prevalence of important public health problems like road traffic accidents (RTA) and depression are surging. This study was aimed to determine the association between RTA and depression among Indian population aged ≥45 years. Methods: Using Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) dataset (April 2017–December 2018), we have conducted this study among older adults (45–59 years) and elderly (≥60 years) Indians. Bivariate analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of RTA and depression nationally and across aspirants, achievers, and front runner states. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted between RTA and depression, adjusted with demographic and socioeconomic; health related and behavioral factors. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Prevalence of RTA was 1.84 (1.74-1.94)% nationally, highest among achiever states (2.04 (1.82–2.30)%). Prevalence of depression was 6.08 (5.90–6.26)% nationally, highest among aspirant states (7.02 (6.74–7.30)%). The adjusted odds of having accident was significantly 1.75 times higher among depressed (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.44–2.13) than non-depressed participants which was highest across front runners (aOR 1.86, 95%CI 1.26–2.72) followed by aspirant states (aOR 1.79, 95%CI 1.37–2.33). Conclusion: This study established the association between depression and road traffic accidents among older adults and elderly. Therefore, efforts must be taken to address mental health issues specially focusing on depression in them with proper policy implication more focused on front runners followed by aspirant states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]