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Acute dietary salt intake may cause an elevation in blood pressure (BP). The study aimed to assess the acute effect of saline loading on BP in subjects with different levels of salt intake. This study is based on the baseline survey of systemic epidemiology of salt sensitivity study. The sodium excretion in the 24‐hour urine was calculated for estimating the level of salt intake. Subjects were performed an acute oral saline loading test (1 L), and data of 2019 participants were included for analyses. Multivariate linear regression and stratified analyses were performed to identify associations between 24‐hour urinary sodium (24hUNa) with BP changes. Due to saline loading, systolic BP (SBP), pulse pressure, and urinary sodium concentration were significantly increased, while diastolic BP, heart rate, and urinary potassium concentration were significantly decreased. The SBP increments were more significant in subjects with lower salt intake, normotensives, elders, males, smokers, and drinkers. There was a significant linear negative dose‐response association between SBP increment with 24hUNa (β = −0.901, 95% CI: −1.253, −0.548), especially in lower salt intake individuals (β = −1.297, 95% CI: −2.338, −0.205) and hypertensive patients (β = −1.502, 95% CI: −2.037, −0.967). After excluding patients who received antidiabetic or antihypertensive medicines, the effects of negative associations weakened but remained significantly. In conclusion, acute salt loading leads to an increment in SBP, and the increased SBP was negatively related with 24hUNa. This study indicated avoiding acute salt loading was important for escaping acute BP changes, especially in lower salt intake populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To identify long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and construct a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network for essential hypertension., Methods: An RNA microarray and two-step quantitative real-time PCR were applied to identify differentially expressed RNAs (DE-RNAs), and a luciferase assay was performed to explore the binding relationship between RNAs. A generalized linear model and logistic regression model were used to analyze the associations between different RNAs and of RNAs with hypertension. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was executed to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Bioinformatics analysis was applied for network construction., Results: In total, 439 DE-RNAs (387 lncRNAs and 52 mRNAs) were identified in the microarray, and 71 'lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA' loops formed the ceRNA network. The first validation confirmed that five RNAs (NR&#95;104160, lnc-GPR63-8:1, lnc-HPRT1-9:1, ID1 and RSL24D1 ) were significantly upregulated in hypertensives ( P < 0.05). NR&#95;104160 was significantly associated with hypertension (OR = 2.863, 95% CI: 1.143-7.172; P = 0.025) after adjusting for confounding factors. NR&#95;104160 was included in the hypertension diagnostic model, with an area under the curve of 0.852 (95% CI: 0.761-0.944). In the second validation, NR&#95;104160 showed a constant significant difference ( P = 0.001). An elevated expression level of NR&#95;104160 was associated with the expression of ID1 ( β = 0.2235, P = 0.005). Luciferase assays showed hsa-miR-101-3p stimulation significantly inhibited the reporter gene activation ability of the NR&#95;104160 wild-type plasmid ( P < 0.001)., Conclusions: Our study constructed a ceRNA network to provide hypotheses regarding the mechanism of hypertension development. lncRNA-NR&#95;104160 was identified as a hub element that participates in hypertension transcriptional regulation and as a potential biomarker., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2020.)