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140 results on '"Groom, D. E."'

1. Quantum efficiency modeling for a thick back-illuminated astronomical CCD

Author: Groom, D. E., Haque, S., Holland, S. E., and Kolbe, W. F.
Subjects: Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract: The quantum efficiency and reflectivity of thick, back-illuminated CCD's being fabricated at LBNL for astronomical applications are modeled and compared with experiment. The treatment differs from standard thin-film optics in that (a) absorption is permitted in any film, (b) the 200--500~$\mu$m thick silicon substrate is considered as a thin film in order to observe the fringing behavior at long wavelengths, and (c) by using approximate boundary conditions, absorption in the surface films is separated from absorption in the substrate. For the quantum efficiency measurements the CCD's are normally operated as CCD's, usually at $T = -140^\circ$C, and at higher temperatures as photodiodes. They are mounted on mechanical substrates. Reflectivity is measured on air-backed wafer samples at room temperature. The agreement between model expectation and quantum efficiency measurement is in general satisfactory., Comment: 25 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2017
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2. Spectra and Light Curves of Six Type Ia Supernovae at 0.511 < z < 1.12 and the Union2 Compilation

Author: Amanullah, R., Lidman, C., Rubin, D., Aldering, G., Astier, P., Barbary, K., Burns, M. S., Conley, A., Dawson, K. S., Deustua, S. E., Doi, M., Fabbro, S., Faccioli, L., Fakhouri, H. K., Folatelli, G., Fruchter, A. S., Furusawa, H., Garavini, G., Goldhaber, G., Goobar, A., Groom, D. E., Hook, I., Howell, D. A., Kashikawa, N., Kim, A. G., Knop, R. A., Kowalski, M., Linder, E., Meyers, J., Morokuma, T., Nobili, S., Nordin, J., Nugent, P. E., Ostman, L., Pain, R., Panagia, N., Perlmutter, S., Raux, J., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Spadafora, A. L., Strovink, M., Suzuki, N., Wang, L., Wood-Vasey, W. M., and Yasuda, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We report on work to increase the number of well-measured Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) at high redshifts. Light curves, including high signal-to-noise HST data, and spectra of six SNe Ia that were discovered during 2001 are presented. Additionally, for the two SNe with z>1, we present ground-based J-band photometry from Gemini and the VLT. These are among the most distant SNe Ia for which ground based near-IR observations have been obtained. We add these six SNe Ia together with other data sets that have recently become available in the literature to the Union compilation (Kowalski et al. 2008). We have made a number of refinements to the Union analysis chain, the most important ones being the refitting of all light curves with the SALT2 fitter and an improved handling of systematic errors. We call this new compilation, consisting of 557 supernovae, the Union2 compilation. The flat concordance LambdaCDM model remains an excellent fit to the Union2 data with the best fit constant equation of state parameter w=-0.997^{+0.050}_{-0.054} (stat) ^{+0.077}_{-0.082} (stat+sys\ together) for a flat universe, or w=-1.035^{+0.055}_{-0.059} (stat)^{+0.093}_{-0.097} (stat+sys together) with curvature. We also present improved constraints on w(z). While no significant change in w with redshift is detected, there is still considerable room for evolution in w. The strength of the constraints depend strongly on redshift. In particular, at z > 1, the existence and nature of dark energy are only weakly constrained by the data., Comment: 33 pages, 18 figures; accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal. For data tables, code for cosmological analysis and full-resolution figures, see http://supernova.lbl.gov/Union/
Published: 2010
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3. Improved Cosmological Constraints from New, Old and Combined Supernova Datasets

Author: Kowalski, M., Rubin, D., Aldering, G., Agostinho, R. J., Amadon, A., Amanullah, R., Balland, C., Barbary, K., Blanc, G., Challis, P. J., Conley, A., Connolly, N. V., Covarrubias, R., Dawson, K. S., Deustua, S. E., Ellis, R., Fabbro, S., Fadeyev, V., Fan, X., Farris, B., Folatelli, G., Frye, B. L., Garavini, G., Gates, E. L., Germany, L., Goldhaber, G., Goldman, B., Goobar, A., Groom, D. E., Haissinski, J., Hardin, D., Hook, I., Kent, S., Kim, A. G., Knop, R. A., Lidman, C., Linder, E. V., Mendez, J., Meyers, J., Miller, G. J., Moniez, M., Mourao, A. M., Newberg, H., Nobili, S., Nugent, P. E., Pain, R., Perdereau, O., Perlmutter, S., Phillips, M. M., Prasad, V., Quimby, R., Regnault, N., Rich, J., Rubenstein, E. P., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Santos, F. D., Schaefer, B. E., Schommer, R. A., Smith, R. C., Soderberg, A. M., Spadafora, A. L., Strolger, L. -G., Strovink, M., Suntzeff, N. B., Suzuki, N., Thomas, R. C., Walton, N. A., Wang, L., Wood-Vasey, W. M., and Yun, J. L.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a new compilation of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), a new dataset of low-redshift nearby-Hubble-flow SNe and new analysis procedures to work with these heterogeneous compilations. This ``Union'' compilation of 414 SN Ia, which reduces to 307 SNe after selection cuts, includes the recent large samples of SNe Ia from the Supernova Legacy Survey and ESSENCE Survey, the older datasets, as well as the recently extended dataset of distant supernovae observed with HST. A single, consistent and blind analysis procedure is used for all the various SN Ia subsamples, and a new procedure is implemented that consistently weights the heterogeneous data sets and rejects outliers. We present the latest results from this Union compilation and discuss the cosmological constraints from this new compilation and its combination with other cosmological measurements (CMB and BAO). The constraint we obtain from supernovae on the dark energy density is $\Omega_\Lambda= 0.713^{+0.027}_{-0.029} (stat)}^{+0.036}_{-0.039} (sys)}$, for a flat, LCDM Universe. Assuming a constant equation of state parameter, $w$, the combined constraints from SNe, BAO and CMB give $w=-0.969^{+0.059}_{-0.063}(stat)^{+0.063}_{-0.066} (sys)$. While our results are consistent with a cosmological constant, we obtain only relatively weak constraints on a $w$ that varies with redshift. In particular, the current SN data do not yet significantly constrain $w$ at $z>1$. With the addition of our new nearby Hubble-flow SNe Ia, these resulting cosmological constraints are currently the tightest available., Comment: 49 pages, 17 figures; accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal. For data tables, code for cosmological analysis and full-resolution figures, see http://supernova.lbl.gov/Union
Published: 2008
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4. Quantitative comparison between Type Ia supernova spectra at low and high redshifts: A case study

Author: Garavini, G., Folatelli, G., Nobili, S., Aldering, G., Amanullah, R., Antilogus, P., Astier, P., Blanc, G., Bronder, J., Burns, M. S., Conley, A., Deustua, S. E., Doi, M., Fabbro, S., Fadeyev, V., Gibbons, R., Goldhaber, G., Goobar, A., Groom, D. E., Hook, I., Howell, D. A., Kashikawa, N., Kim, A. G., Kowalski, M., Kuznetsova, N., Lee, B. C., Lidman, C., Mendez, J., Morokuma, T., Motohara, K., Nugent, P. E., Pain, R., Perlmutter, S., Quimby, R., Raux, J., Regnault, N., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Sainton, G., Schahmaneche, K., Smith, E., Spadafora, A. L., Stanishev, V., Thomas, R. C., Walton, N. A., Wang, L., Wood-Vasey, W. M., and Project, N. Yasuda. The Supernova Cosmology
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: We develop a method to measure the strength of the absorption features in Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) spectra and use it to make a quantitative comparison between the spectra of Type Ia supernovae at low and high redshifts. In this case study, we apply the method to 12 high-redshift (0.212 < z < 0.912) SNe Ia observed by the Supernova Cosmology Project . Through measurements of the strengths of these features and of the blueshift of the absorption minimum in Ca II H&K, we show that the spectra of the high-redshift SNe Ia are quantitatively similar to spectra of nearby SNe Ia (z < 0.15). One supernova in our high redshift sample, SN 2002fd at z=0.279, is found to have spectral characteristics that are associated with peculiar SN 1991T/SN 1999aa-like supernovae., Comment: accepted for publication on A&A
Published: 2007
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5. Measurement of \Omega_m, \Omega_{\Lambda} from a blind analysis of Type Ia supernovae with CMAGIC: Using color information to verify the acceleration of the Universe

Author: Conley, A., Goldhaber, G., Wang, L., Aldering, G., Amanullah, R., Commins, E. D., Fadeyev, V., Folatelli, G., Garavini, G., Gibbons, R., Goobar, A., Groom, D. E., Hook, I., Howell, D. A., Kim, A. G., Knop, R. A., Kowalski, M., Kuznetsova, N., Lidman, C., Nobili, S., Nugent, P. E., Pain, R., Perlmutter, S., Smith, E., Spadafora, A. L., Stanishev, V., Strovink, M., Thomas, R. C., and Wood-Vasey, W. M.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: We present measurements of \Omega_m and \Omega_{\Lambda} from a blind analysis of 21 high-redshift supernovae using a new technique (CMAGIC) for fitting the multi-color lightcurves of Type Ia supernovae, first introduced in Wang et al. (2003). CMAGIC takes advantage of the remarkably simple behavior of Type Ia supernovae on color-magnitude diagrams, and has several advantages over current techniques based on maximum magnitudes. Among these are a reduced sensitivity to host galaxy dust extinction, a shallower luminosity-width relation, and the relative simplicity of the fitting procedure. This allows us to provide a cross check of previous supernova cosmology results, despite the fact that current data sets were not observed in a manner optimized for CMAGIC. We describe the details of our novel blindness procedure, which is designed to prevent experimenter bias. The data are broadly consistent with the picture of an accelerating Universe, and agree with a flat Universe within 1.7\sigma, including systematics. We also compare the CMAGIC results directly with those of a maximum magnitude fit to the same SNe, finding that CMAGIC favors more acceleration at the 1.6\sigma level, including systematics and the correlation between the two measurements. A fit for w assuming a flat Universe yields a value which is consistent with a cosmological constant within 1.2\sigma., Comment: 53 pages, 15 figures, published in the Astrophysical Journal. Minor (spelling and grammatical) changes to bring in line with published version
Published: 2006
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6. Spectra of High-Redshift Type Ia Supernovae and a Comparison with their Low-Redshift Counterparts

Author: Hook, I. M., Howell, D. A., Aldering, G., Amanullah, R., Burns, M. S., Conley, A., Deustua, S. E., Ellis, R., Fabbro, S., Fadeyev, V., Folatelli, G., Garavini, G., Gibbons, R., Goldhaber, G., Goobar, A., Groom, D. E., Kim, A. G., Knop, R. A., Kowalski, M., Lidman, C., Nobili, S., Nugent, P. E., Pain, R., Pennypacker, C. R., Perlmutter, S., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Sainton, G., Schaefer, B. E., Smith, E., Spadafora, A. L., Stanishev, V., Thomas, R. C., Walton, N. A., Wang, L., and Wood-Vasey, W. M.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: We present spectra for 14 high-redshift (0.17 < z < 0.83) supernovae, which were discovered by the Supernova Cosmology Project as part of a campaign to measure cosmological parameters. The spectra are used to determine the redshift and classify the supernova type, essential information if the supernovae are to be used for cosmological studies. Redshifts were derived either from the spectrum of the host galaxy or from the spectrum of the supernova itself. We present evidence that these supernovae are of Type Ia by matching to spectra of nearby supernovae. We find that the dates of the spectra relative to maximum light determined from this fitting process are consistent with the dates determined from the photometric light curves, and moreover the spectral time-sequence for SNe Type Ia at low and high redshift is indistinguishable. We also show that the expansion velocities measured from blueshifted CaHK are consistent with those measured for low-redshift Type Ia supernovae. From these first-level quantitative comparisons we find no evidence for evolution in SNIa properties between these low- and high-redshift samples. Thus even though our samples may not be complete, we conclude that there is a population of SNe Ia at high redshift whose spectral properties match those at low redshift., Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ. Also available at http://supernova.lbl.gov/
Published: 2005
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7. Spectroscopic Observations and Analysis of the Unusual Type Ia SN 1999ac

Author: Project, The Supernova Cosmology, Garavini, G., Aldering, G., Amadon, A., Amanullah, R., Astier, P., Balland, C., Blanc, G., Conley, A., Dahlen, T., Deustua, S. E., Fabbro, R. Ellis S., Fadeyev, V., Fan, X., Folatelli, G., Frye, B., Gates, E. L., Gibbons, R., Goldhaber, G., Goldman, B., Goobar, A., Groom, D. E., Haissinski, J., Hardin, D., Hook, I., Howell, D. A., Kent, S., Kim, A. G., Knop, R. A., Kowalski, M., Kuznetsova, N., Lidman, B. C. Lee C., Mendez, J., Miller, G. J., Moniez, M., Mouchet, M., Mourao, A., Newberg, H., Nobili, S., Nugent, P. E., Pain, R., Perdereau, O., Perlmutter, S., Quimby, R., Regnault, N., Rich, J., Richards, G. T., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Schaefer, B. E., Schahmaneche, K., Smith, E., Spadafora, A. L., Stanishev, V., Thomas, R. C., Walton, N. A., Wang, L., and Wood-Vasey, W. M.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: We present optical spectra of the peculiar Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 1999ac. The data extend from -15 to +42 days with respect to B-band maximum and reveal an event that is unusual in several respects. Prior to B-band maximum, the spectra resemble those of SN 1999aa, a slowly declining event, but possess stronger SiII and CaII signatures (more characteristic of a spectroscopically normal SN). Spectra after B-band maximum appear more normal. The expansion velocities inferred from the Iron lines appear to be lower than average; whereas, the expansion velocity inferred from Calcium H and K are higher than average. The expansion velocities inferred from SiII are among the slowest ever observed, though SN 1999ac is not particularly dim. The analysis of the parameters v_10, R(SiII), dv(SiII)/dt, and d_m15 further underlines the unique characteristics of SN 1999ac. We find convincing evidence of CII 6580 in the day -15 spectrum with ejection velocity v > 16,000 km/s, but this signature disappears by day -9. This rapid evolution at early times highlights the importance of extremely early-time spectroscopy., Comment: 40 pages, 24 figures, accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
Published: 2005
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8. Restframe I-band Hubble diagram for type Ia supernovae up to redshift z ~0.5

Author: Project, The Supernova Cosmology, Nobili, S., Amanullah, R., Garavini, G., Goobar, A., Lidman, C., Stanishev, V., Aldering, G., Antilogus, P., Astier, P., Burns, M. S., Conley, A., Deustua, S. E., Ellis, R., Fabbro, S., Fadeyev, V., Folatelli, G., Gibbons, R., Goldhaber, G., Groom, D. E., Hook, I., Howell, D. A., Kim, A. G., Knop, R. A., Nugent, P. E., Pain, R., Perlmutter, S., Quimby, R., Raux, J., Regnault, N., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Sainton, G., Schahmaneche, K., Smith, E., Spadafora, A. L., Thomas, R. C., and Wang, L.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a novel technique for fitting restframe I-band light curves on a data set of 42 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Using the result of the fit, we construct a Hubble diagram with 26 SNe from the subset at 0.01< z<0.1. Adding two SNe at z~0.5 yields results consistent with a flat Lambda-dominated``concordance universe'' ($\Omega_M,\Omega_\Lambda$)=(0.25,0.75). For one of these, SN 2000fr, new near infrared data are presented. The high redshift supernova NIR data are also used to test for systematic effects in the use of SNe Ia as distance estimators. A flat, Lambda=0, universe where the faintness of supernovae at z~0.5 is due to grey dust homogeneously distributed in the intergalactic medium is disfavoured based on the high-z Hubble diagram using this small data-set. However, the uncertainties are large and no firm conclusion may be drawn. We explore the possibility of setting limits on intergalactic dust based on B-I and B-V colour measurements, and conclude that about 20 well measured SNe are needed to give statistically significant results. We also show that the high redshift restframe I-band data points are better fit by light curve templates that show a prominent second peak, suggesting that they are not intrinsically underluminous., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A (01/04/2005)
Published: 2005
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9. Spectroscopic confirmation of high-redshift supernovae with the ESO VLT

Author: Lidman, C., Howell, D. A., Folatelli, G., Garavini, G., Nobili, S., Aldering, G., Amanullah, R., Antilogus, P., Astier, P., Blanc, G., Burns, M. S., Conley, A., Deustua, S. E., Doi, M., Ellis, R., Fabbro, S., Fadeyev, V., Gibbons, R., Goldhaber, G., Goobar, A., Groom, D. E., Hook, I., Kashikawa, N., Kim, A. G., Knop, R. A., Lee, B. C., Mendez, J., Morokuma, T., Motohara, K., Nugent, P. E., Pain, R., Perlmutter, S., Prasad, V., Quimby, R., Raux, J., Regnault, N., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Sainton, G., Schaefer, B. E., Schahmaneche, K., Smith, E., Spadafora, A. L., Stanishev, V., Walton, N. A., Wang, L., Wood-Vasey, W. M., and Yasuda, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: We present VLT FORS1 and FORS2 spectra of 39 candidate high-redshift supernovae that were discovered as part of a cosmological study using Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) over a wide range of redshifts. From the spectra alone, 20 candidates are spectrally classified as SNe Ia with redshifts ranging from z=0.212 to z=1.181. Of the remaining 19 candidates, 1 might be a Type II supernova and 11 exhibit broad supernova-like spectral features and/or have supernova-like light curves. The candidates were discovered in 8 separate ground-based searches. In those searches in which SNe Ia at z ~ 0.5 were targeted, over 80% of the observed candidates were spectrally classified as SNe Ia. In those searches in which SNe Ia with z > 1 were targeted, 4 candidates with z > 1 were spectrally classified as SNe Ia and later followed with ground and space based observatories. We present the spectra of all candidates, including those that could not be spectrally classified as supernova., Comment: 30 pages, 43 figures. Accepted by A&A. A version with higher resolution finding charts is available at http://supernova.lbl.gov/
Published: 2004
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10. Spectroscopic Observations and Analysis of the Peculiar SN 1999aa

Author: Garavini, G., Folatelli, G., Goobar, A., Nobili, S., Aldering, G., Amadon, A., Amanullah, R., Astier, P., Balland, C., Blanc, G., Burns, M. S., Conley, A., Dahlen, T., Deustua, S. E., Ellis, R., Fabbro, S., Fan, X., Frye, B., Gates, E. L., Gibbons, R., Goldhaber, G., Goldman, B., Groom, D. E., Haissinski, J., Hardin, D., Hook, I. M., Howell, D. A., Kasen, D., Kent, S., Kim, A. G., Knop, R. A., Lee, B. C., Lidman, C., Mendez, J., Miller, G. J., Moniez, M., Mourao, A., Newberg, H., Nugent, P. E., Pain, R., Perdereau, O., Perlmutter, S., Prasad, V., Quimby, R., Raux, J., Regnault, N., Rich, J., Richards, G. T., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Sainton, G., Schaefer, B. E., Schahmaneche, K., Smith, E., Spadafora, A. L., Stanishev, V., Walton, N. A., Wang, L., and Wood-Vasey, W. M.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: We present an extensive new time-series of spectroscopic data of the peculiar SN 1999aa in NGC 2595. Our data set includes 25 optical spectra between -11 and +58 days with respect to B-band maximum light, providing an unusually complete time history. The early spectra resemble those of a SN 1991T-like object but with a relatively strong Ca H&K absorption feature. The first clear sign of Si II 6355, characteristic of Type Ia supernovae, is found at day -7 and its velocity remains constant up to at least the first month after B-band maximum light. The transition to normal-looking spectra is found to occur earlier than in SN 1991T suggesting SN 1999aa as a possible link between SN 1991T-like and Branch-normal supernovae. Comparing the observations with synthetic spectra, doubly ionized Fe, Si and Ni are identified at early epochs. These are characteristic of SN 1991T-like objects. Furthermore, in the day -11 spectrum, evidence is found for an absorption feature which could be identified as high velocity C II 6580 or H-alpha. At the same epoch C III 4648.8 at photospheric velocity is probably responsible for the absorption feature at 4500 A. High velocity Ca is found around maximum light together with Si II and Fe II confined in a narrow velocity window. Implied constraints on supernovae progenitor systems and explosion hydrodynamical models are briefly discussed., Comment: 46 pages including 23 figures. Accepted for publication by AJ. For full-resolution figures see http://www.physto.se/~gabri/sn99aa/
Published: 2004
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11. New Constraints on $\Omega_M$, $\Omega_\Lambda$, and w from an Independent Set of Eleven High-Redshift Supernovae Observed with HST

Author: Knop, R. A., Aldering, G., Amanullah, R., Astier, P., Blanc, G., Burns, M. S., Conley, A., Deustua, S. E., Doi, M., Ellis, R., Fabbro, S., Folatelli, G., Fruchter, A. S., Garavini, G., Garmond, S., Garton, K., Gibbons, R., Goldhaber, G., Goobar, A., Groom, D. E., Hardin, D., Hook, I., Howell, D. A., Kim, A. G., Lee, B. C., Lidman, C., Mendez, J., Nobili, S., Nugent, P. E., Pain, R., Panagia, N., Pennypacker, C. R., Perlmutter, S., Quimby, R., Raux, J., Regnault, N., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Sainton, G., Schaefer, B., Schahmaneche, K., Smith, E., Spadafora, A. L., Stanishev, V., Sullivan, M., Walton, N. A., Wang, L., Wood-Vasey, W. M., and Yasuda, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: We report measurements of $\Omega_M$, $\Omega_\Lambda$, and w from eleven supernovae at z=0.36-0.86 with high-quality lightcurves measured using WFPC-2 on the HST. This is an independent set of high-redshift supernovae that confirms previous supernova evidence for an accelerating Universe. Combined with earlier Supernova Cosmology Project data, the new supernovae yield a flat-universe measurement of the mass density $\Omega_M=0.25^{+0.07}_{-0.06}$ (statistical) $\pm0.04$ (identified systematics), or equivalently, a cosmological constant of $\Omega_\Lambda=0.75^{+0.06}_{-0.07}$ (statistical) $\pm0.04$ (identified systematics). When the supernova results are combined with independent flat-universe measurements of $\Omega_M$ from CMB and galaxy redshift distortion data, they provide a measurement of $w=-1.05^{+0.15}_{-0.20}$ (statistical) $\pm0.09$ (identified systematic), if w is assumed to be constant in time. The new data offer greatly improved color measurements of the high-redshift supernovae, and hence improved host-galaxy extinction estimates. These extinction measurements show no anomalous negative E(B-V) at high redshift. The precision of the measurements is such that it is possible to perform a host-galaxy extinction correction directly for individual supernovae without any assumptions or priors on the parent E(B-V) distribution. Our cosmological fits using full extinction corrections confirm that dark energy is required with $P(\Omega_\Lambda>0)>0.99$, a result consistent with previous and current supernova analyses which rely upon the identification of a low-extinction subset or prior assumptions concerning the intrinsic extinction distribution., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal; For data tables and full-resolution figures, see http://supernova.lbl.gov
Published: 2003
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12. The Hubble Diagram of Type Ia Supernovae as a Function of Host Galaxy Morphology

Author: Sullivan, M., Ellis, R. S., Aldering, G., Amanullah, R., Astier, P., Blanc, G., Burns, M. S., Conley, A., Deustua, S. E., Doi, M., Fabbro, S., Folatelli, G., Fruchter, A. S., Garavini, G., Gibbons, R., Goldhaber, G., Goobar, A., Groom, D. E., Hardin, D., Hook, I., Howell, D. A., Irwin, M., Kim, A. G., Knop, R. A., Lidman, C., McMahon, R., Mendez, J., Nobili, S., Nugent, P. E., Pain, R., Panagia, N., Pennypacker, C. R., Perlmutter, S., Quimby, R., Raux, J., Regnault, N., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Schaefer, B., Schahmaneche, K., Spadafora, A. L., Walton, N. A., Wang, L., Wood-Vasey, W. M., and Yasuda, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: (Abridged) We present new results on the Hubble diagram of distant type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) segregated according to the type of host galaxy. This makes it possible to check earlier evidence for a cosmological constant by explicitly comparing SNe residing in galaxies likely to contain negligible dust with the larger sample. The cosmological parameters derived from these SNe Ia hosted by presumed dust-free early-type galaxies supports earlier claims for a cosmological constant, which we demonstrate at 5 sigma significance, and the internal extinction implied is small even for late-type systems (A_B<0.2). Thus, our data demonstrate that host galaxy extinction is unlikely to systematically dim distant SNe Ia in a manner that would produce a spurious cosmological constant. We classify the host galaxies of 39 distant SNe discovered by the Supernova Cosmology Project (SCP) using the combination of HST STIS imaging, Keck ESI spectroscopy and ground-based broad-band photometry. We compare with a low-redshift sample of 25 SNe Ia. The scatter observed in the SNe Ia Hubble diagrams correlates closely with host galaxy morphology. We find the scatter in the SNe Ia Hubble diagram is smallest for SNe occurring in early-type hosts and largest for those occurring in late-type galaxies. Moreover, SNe residing in early-type hosts appear only ~0.14+/-0.09 mag brighter in their light-curve-width-corrected luminosity than those in late-type hosts, implying only a modest amount of dust extinction even in the late-type systems., Comment: MNRAS; post-referee version. 21 pages, 10 figures including 4 colour figures. Preprint also available at http://supernova.lbl.gov/
Published: 2002
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13. The distant Type Ia supernova rate

Author: Pain, R., Fabbro, S., Sullivan, M., Ellis, R. S., Aldering, G., Astier, P., Duestua, S. E., Fruchter, A. S., Goldhaber, G., Goobar, A., Groom, D. E., Hardin, D., Hook, I. M., Howell, D. A., Irwin, M. J., Kim, A. G., Kim, M. Y., Knop, R. A., Lee, J. C., Lidman, C., McMahon, R. G., Nugent, P. E., Panagia, N., Pennypacker, C. R., Perlmutter, S., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Schahmaneche, K., Schaefer, B., and Walton., N. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a measurement of the rate of distant Type Ia supernovae derived using 4 large subsets of data from the Supernova Cosmology Project. Within this fiducial sample, which surveyed about 12 square degrees, thirty-eight supernovae were detected at redshifts 0.25--0.85. In a spatially-flat cosmological model consistent with the results obtained by the Supernova Cosmology Project, we derive a rest-frame Type Ia supernova rate at a mean redshift $z\simeq0.55$ of $1.53 {^{+0.28}_{-0.25}} {^{+0.32}_{-0.31}} 10^{-4} h^3 {\rm Mpc}^{-3} {\rm yr}^{-1}$ or $0.58 {^{+0.10}_{-0.09}} {^{+0.10}_{-0.09}} h^2 {\rm SNu}$ (1 SNu = 1 supernova per century per $10^{10}$\Lbsun), where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second includes systematic effects. The dependence of the rate on the assumed cosmological parameters is studied and the redshift dependence of the rate per unit comoving volume is contrasted with local estimates in the context of possible cosmic star formation histories and progenitor models., Comment: 40 pages and 7 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Preprint also available at http://supernova.lbl.gov
Published: 2002
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14. Timescale Stretch Parameterization of Type Ia Supernova B-band Light Curves

Author: Goldhaber, G., Groom, D. E., Kim, A., Aldering, G., Astier, P., Conley, A., Deustua, S. E., Ellis, R., Fabbro, S., Fruchter, A. S., Goobar, A., Hook, I., Irwin, M., Kim, M., Knop, R. A., Lidman, C., McMahon, R., Nugent, P. E., Pain, R., Panagia, N., Pennypacker, C. R., Perlmutter, S., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Schaefer, B., Walton, N. A., York, T., and Project, The Supernova Cosmology
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: R-band intensity measurements along the light curve of Type Ia supernovae discovered by the Supernova Cosmology Project (SCP) are fitted in brightness to templates allowing a free parameter the time-axis width factor w = s(1+z). The data points are then individually aligned in the time-axis, normalized and K-corrected back to the rest frame, after which the nearly 1300 normalized intensity measurements are found to lie on a well-determined common rest-frame B-band curve which we call the ``composite curve''. The same procedure is applied to 18 low-redshift Calan/Tololo SNe with z < 0.11; these nearly 300 B-band photometry points are found to lie on the composite curve equally well. The SCP search technique produces several measurements before maximum light for each supernova. We demonstrate that the linear stretch factor, s, which parameterizes the light-curve timescale appears independent of z,and applies equally well to the declining and rising parts of the light curve. In fact, the B-band template that best fits this composite curve fits the individual supernova photometry data when stretched by a factor s with chi^2/DoF approx = 1, thus as well as any parameterization can, given the current data sets. The measurement of the date of explosion, however, is model dependent and not tightly constrained by the current data. We also demonstrate the 1+z light-curve time-axis broadening expected from cosmological expansion. This argues strongly against alternative explanations, such as tired light, for the redshift of distant objects., Comment: 27 pages,3 figures, accepted by ApJ
Published: 2001
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15. Cosmology from Type Ia Supernovae

Author: Perlmutter, S., Aldering, G., Deustua, S., Fabbro, S., Goldhaber, G., Groom, D. E., Kim, A. G., Kim, M. Y., Knop, R. A., Nugent, P., Pennypacker, C. R., Goobar, A., Pain, R., Hook, I. M., Lidman, C., Ellis, R. S., Irwin, M., McMahon, R. G., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Walton, N., Schaefer, B., Boyle, B. J., Filippenko, A. V., Matheson, T., Fruchter, A. S., Panagia, N., Newberg, H. J. M., and Couch, W. J.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: This presentation reports on first evidence for a low-mass-density/positive-cosmological-constant universe that will expand forever, based on observations of a set of 40 high-redshift supernovae. The experimental strategy, data sets, and analysis techniques are described. More extensive analyses of these results with some additional methods and data are presented in the more recent LBNL report #41801 (Perlmutter et al., 1998; accepted for publication in Ap.J.), astro-ph/9812133 . This Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory reprint is a reduction of a poster presentation from the Cosmology Display Session #85 on 9 January 1998 at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Washington D.C. It is also available on the World Wide Web at http://supernova.LBL.gov/ This work has also been referenced in the literature by the pre-meeting abstract citation: Perlmutter et al., B.A.A.S., volume 29, page 1351 (1997)., Comment: 9 pages, 8 color figs. Presented at Jan '98 AAS Meeting, also cited as BAAS,29,1351(1997). Archived here in response to requests; see more extensive analyses in ApJ paper (astro-ph/9812133)
Published: 1998

16. Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae

Author: Perlmutter, S., Aldering, G., Goldhaber, G., Knop, R. A., Nugent, P., Castro, P. G., Deustua, S., Fabbro, S., Goobar, A., Groom, D. E., Hook, I. M., Kim, A. G., Kim, M. Y., Lee, J. C., Nunes, N. J., Pain, R., Pennypacker, C. R., Quimby, R., Lidman, C., Ellis, R. S., Irwin, M., McMahon, R. G., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Walton, N., Schaefer, B., Boyle, B. J., Filippenko, A. V., Matheson, T., Fruchter, A. S., Panagia, N., Newberg, H. J. M., and Couch, W. J.
Subjects: Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We report measurements of the mass density, Omega_M, and cosmological-constant energy density, Omega_Lambda, of the universe based on the analysis of 42 Type Ia supernovae discovered by the Supernova Cosmology Project. The magnitude-redshift data for these SNe, at redshifts between 0.18 and 0.83, are fit jointly with a set of SNe from the Calan/Tololo Supernova Survey, at redshifts below 0.1, to yield values for the cosmological parameters. All SN peak magnitudes are standardized using a SN Ia lightcurve width-luminosity relation. The measurement yields a joint probability distribution of the cosmological parameters that is approximated by the relation 0.8 Omega_M - 0.6 Omega_Lambda ~= -0.2 +/- 0.1 in the region of interest (Omega_M <~ 1.5). For a flat (Omega_M + Omega_Lambda = 1) cosmology we find Omega_M = 0.28{+0.09,-0.08} (1 sigma statistical) {+0.05,-0.04} (identified systematics). The data are strongly inconsistent with a Lambda = 0 flat cosmology, the simplest inflationary universe model. An open, Lambda = 0 cosmology also does not fit the data well: the data indicate that the cosmological constant is non-zero and positive, with a confidence of P(Lambda > 0) = 99%, including the identified systematic uncertainties. The best-fit age of the universe relative to the Hubble time is t_0 = 14.9{+1.4,-1.1} (0.63/h) Gyr for a flat cosmology. The size of our sample allows us to perform a variety of statistical tests to check for possible systematic errors and biases. We find no significant differences in either the host reddening distribution or Malmquist bias between the low-redshift Calan/Tololo sample and our high-redshift sample. The conclusions are robust whether or not a width-luminosity relation is used to standardize the SN peak magnitudes., Comment: 21 pages and 10 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Individual color figures, supplementary tables, and preprint also available at http://www-supernova.lbl.gov/
Published: 1998
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17. Discovery of a Supernova Explosion at Half the Age of the Universe and its Cosmological Implications

Author: Perlmutter, S., Aldering, G., Della Valle, M., Deustua, S., Ellis, R. S., Fabbro, S., Fruchter, A., Goldhaber, G., Goobar, A., Groom, D. E., Hook, I. M., Kim, A. G., Kim, M. Y., Knop, R. A., Lidman, C., McMahon, R. G., Nugent, Peter, Pain, R., Panagia, N., Pennypacker, C. R., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Schaefer, B., and Walton, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: The ultimate fate of the universe, infinite expansion or a big crunch, can be determined by measuring the redshifts, apparent brightnesses, and intrinsic luminosities of very distant supernovae. Recent developments have provided tools that make such a program practicable: (1) Studies of relatively nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) have shown that their intrinsic luminosities can be accurately determined; (2) New research techniques have made it possible to schedule the discovery and follow-up observations of distant supernovae, producing well over 50 very distant (z = 0.3 -- 0.7) SNe Ia to date. These distant supernovae provide a record of changes in the expansion rate over the past several billion years. By making precise measurements of supernovae at still greater distances, and thus extending this expansion history back far enough in time, we can distinguish the slowing caused by the gravitational attraction of the universe's mass density Omega_M from the effect of a possibly inflationary pressure caused by a cosmological constant Lambda. We report here the first such measurements, with our discovery of a Type Ia supernova (SN 1997ap) at z = 0.83. Measurements at the Keck II 10-m telescope make this the most distant spectroscopically confirmed supernova. Over two months of photometry of SN 1997ap with the Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based telescopes, when combined with previous measurements of nearer SNe Ia, suggests that we may live in a low mass-density universe. Further supernovae at comparable distances are currently scheduled for ground and space-based observations., Comment: 12 pages and 4 figures (figure 4 is repeated in color and black and white) Nature, scheduled for publication in the 1 January, 1998 issue. Also available at http://www-supernova.lbl.gov
Published: 1997
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18. Implications For The Hubble Constant from the First Seven Supernovae at z >= 0.35

Author: Project, The Supernova Cosmology, Kim, A. G., Gabi, S., Goldhaber, G., Groom, D. E., Hook, I. M., Kim, M. Y., Lee, J. C., Pennypacker, C. R., Perlmutter, S., Small, I. A., Goobar, A., Pain, R., Ellis, R. S., McMahon, R. G., Boyle, B. J., Bunclark, P. S., Carter, D., Irwin, M. J., Glazebrook, K., Newberg, H. J. M., Filippenko, A. V., Matheson, T., Dopita, M., and Couch, W. J.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: The Supernova Cosmology Project has discovered over twenty-eight supernovae (SNe) at 0.35 = 0.2, we find that H_0^G < 70 km/s/Mpc in a Lambda=0 universe and H_0^G < 78 km/s/Mpc in a flat universe, correcting the distant and local SN apparent magnitudes for light curve width. Lower results for H_0^G are obtained if the magnitudes are not width corrected., Comment: 13 pages, 2 Postscript figures. Preprint also available at http://www-supernova.lbl.gov . To appear in ApJ Letters
Published: 1997
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19. Measurements of the Cosmological Parameters Omega and Lambda from the First 7 Supernovae at z >= 0.35

Author: Perlmutter, S., Gabi, S., Goldhaber, G., Groom, D. E., Hook, I. M., Kim, A. G., Kim, M. Y., Lee, J. C., Pennypacker, C. R., Small, I. A., Goobar, A., Pain, R., Ellis, R. S., McMahon, R. G., Boyle, B. J., Bunclark, P. S., Carter, D., Irwin, M. J., Glazebrook, K., Newberg, H. J. M., Filippenko, A. V., Matheson, T., Dopita, M., and Couch, W. J.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: We have developed a technique to systematically discover and study high-redshift supernovae that can be used to measure the cosmological parameters. We report here results based on the initial seven of >28 supernovae discovered to date in the high-redshift supernova search of the Supernova Cosmology Project. We find a dispersion in peak magnitudes of sigma_{M_B} = 0.27 this dispersion narrows to sigma_{M_B,corr} = 0.19 after "correcting" the magnitudes using the light-curve "width-luminosity" relation found for nearby (z <= 0.1) type Ia supernovae from the Calan/Tololo survey (Hamuy et al. 1996). Comparing lightcurve-width-corrected magnitudes as a function of redshift of our distant (z = 0.35-0.46) supernovae to those of nearby type Ia supernovae yields a global measurement of the mass density, Omega_M = 0.88^{+0.69}_{-0.60} for a Lambda = 0 cosmology. For a spatially flat universe (i.e., Omega_M +Omega_Lambda = 1), we find Omega_M = 0.94 ^{+0.34}_{-0.28} or, equivalently, a measurement of the cosmological constant, Omega_Lambda = 0.06 ^{+0.28}_{-0.34} (<0.51 at the 95% confidence level). For the more general Friedmann-Lemaitre cosmologies with independent Omega_M and Omega_Lambda, the results are presented as a confidence region on the Omega_M-Omega_Lambda plane. This region does not correspond to a unique value of the deceleration parameter q_0. We present analyses and checks for statistical and systematic errors, and also show that our results do not depend on the specifics of the width-luminosity correction. The results for Omega_Lambda-versus-Omega_M are inconsistent with Lambda-dominated, low density, flat cosmologies that have been proposed to reconcile the ages of globular cluster stars with higher Hubble constant values., Comment: Very minor revisions. Paper is 36 pages long, with 6 postscript figures. Also available on http://www-supernova.lbl.gov . Paper has been accepted by ApJ
Published: 1996
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20. Review Of Particle Physics

Author: Workman, R. L., Burkert, V. D., Crede, V, Klempt, E., Thoma, U., Tiator, L., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Allanach, B. C., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Aschenauer, E. C., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw, Barnett, R. M., Baudis, L., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V., I, Beringer, J., Bettini, A., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Bryzgalov, V. V., Buchmuller, O., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chivukula, R. Sekhar, Cowan, G., Cranmer, K., Cremonesi, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Demers, S., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Dreiner, H. K., Eerola, P., Egede, U., Eidelman, S., El-Khadra, A. X., Ellis, J., Eno, S. C., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A., V, Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hamel, Matthieu, Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hocker, A., Holder, J., Hsu, L., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Ianni, Al, Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Kenzie, M., Khoze, V. A., Klein, S. R., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krizan, P., Krusche, B., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lellouch, L. P., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A. R., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C-J, Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lourenco, C., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A., V, Marciano, W. J., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U-G, Melzer-Pellmann, I-A, Mikhasenko, M., Miller, D. J., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Moenig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Nelles, A., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Pich, A., Piepke, A., Pietropaolo, F., Pomarol, A., Pordes, S., Profumo, S., Quadt, A., Rabbertz, K., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ramsey-Musolf, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Robinson, D. J., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryskin, M. G., Ryutin, R. A., Sakai, Y., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Schoenert, S., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Schwiening, J., Scott, D., Sefkow, F., Seljak, U., Sharma, V, Sharpe, S. R., Shiltsev, V, Signorelli, G., Silari, M., Simon, F., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smoot, G. F., Soffer, A., Sozzi, M. S., Spanier, S., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Tanaka, J., Tasevsky, M., Terao, K., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tovey, D. R., Trabelsi, K., Urquijo, P., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vivarelli, I, Vogel, P., Vogelsang, W., Vorobyev, V., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., Wermes, N., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C. G., Woody, C. L., Yao, W-M, Yokoyama, M., Yoshida, R., Zanderighi, G., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O., V, Zhu, R-Y, Zhu, Shi-Lin, Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Basaglia, T., Schaffner, P., Zheng, W., Workman, R. L., Burkert, V. D., Crede, V, Klempt, E., Thoma, U., Tiator, L., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Allanach, B. C., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Aschenauer, E. C., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw, Barnett, R. M., Baudis, L., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V., I, Beringer, J., Bettini, A., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Bryzgalov, V. V., Buchmuller, O., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chivukula, R. Sekhar, Cowan, G., Cranmer, K., Cremonesi, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Demers, S., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Dreiner, H. K., Eerola, P., Egede, U., Eidelman, S., El-Khadra, A. X., Ellis, J., Eno, S. C., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A., V, Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hamel, Matthieu, Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hocker, A., Holder, J., Hsu, L., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Ianni, Al, Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Kenzie, M., Khoze, V. A., Klein, S. R., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krizan, P., Krusche, B., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lellouch, L. P., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A. R., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C-J, Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lourenco, C., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A., V, Marciano, W. J., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U-G, Melzer-Pellmann, I-A, Mikhasenko, M., Miller, D. J., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Moenig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Nelles, A., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Pich, A., Piepke, A., Pietropaolo, F., Pomarol, A., Pordes, S., Profumo, S., Quadt, A., Rabbertz, K., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ramsey-Musolf, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Robinson, D. J., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryskin, M. G., Ryutin, R. A., Sakai, Y., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Schoenert, S., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Schwiening, J., Scott, D., Sefkow, F., Seljak, U., Sharma, V, Sharpe, S. R., Shiltsev, V, Signorelli, G., Silari, M., Simon, F., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smoot, G. F., Soffer, A., Sozzi, M. S., Spanier, S., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Tanaka, J., Tasevsky, M., Terao, K., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tovey, D. R., Trabelsi, K., Urquijo, P., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vivarelli, I, Vogel, P., Vogelsang, W., Vorobyev, V., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., Wermes, N., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C. G., Woody, C. L., Yao, W-M, Yokoyama, M., Yoshida, R., Zanderighi, G., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O., V, Zhu, R-Y, Zhu, Shi-Lin, Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Basaglia, T., Schaffner, P., and Zheng, W.
Abstract: The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,143 new measurements from 709 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Machine Learning, and one on Spectroscopy of Light Meson Resonances., The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 97 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 23 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings., The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print, as a web version optimized for use on phones, and as an Android app.
Published: 2022
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21. Review of Particle Physics and 2021 Update

Author: Zyla, P. A., Barnett, R. M., Wohl, C. G., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lellouch, L. P., Lesgourgues, J., Yao, W. -M., Liddle, A. R., Ligeti, Z., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lourengo, C., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Agashe, K., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meißner, U. -G., Mikhasenko, M., Miller, D. J., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Aielli, G., Mönig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Allanach, B. C., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pich, A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Profumo, S., Amsler, C., Quadt, A., Rabbertz, K., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ramani, H., Ramsey-Musolf, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Antonelli, M., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryskin, M., Ryutin, R. A., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Aschenauer, E. C., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Schwiening, J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Asner, D. M., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smoot, G. F., Soffer, A., Sozzi, M. S., Spanier, S., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Baer, H., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Tanaka, J., Taševský, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Beringer, J., Banerjee, Sw, Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tovey, D. R., Trabelsi, K., Urquijo, P., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Baudis, L., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogelsang, W., Vogt, A., Vorobyev, V., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Bauer, C. W., Wands, D., Wascko, M. O., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yokoyama, M., Beatty, J. J., Yoshida, R., Zanderighi, G., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Anderson, J., Basaglia, T., Lugovsky, V. S., Belousov, V. I., Schaffner, P., Zheng, W., Group, Particle Data, Sefkow, Felix, Simon, Frank, Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Dahl, O., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chivukula, R. Sekhar, Cowan, G., Dwyer, D. A., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvêa, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Groom, D. E., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Eerola, P., Egede, U., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Lin, C. -J., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Lugovsky, K. S., Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Grünewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Pianori, E., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Höcker, A., Holder, J., Robinson, D. J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Kenzie, M., Khoze, V. A., and Klein, S. R.
Subjects: heavy [boson], lepton, mixing [neutrino], diffraction, dark matter: density, Higgs particle, quark, cosmological model: parameter space, quantum chromodynamics, ddc:530, sparticle, energy: high, gauge boson, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, photon, C50 Other topics in experimental particle physics, density [dark matter], parameter space [cosmological model], baryon, density [dark energy], grand unified theory, boson: heavy, dark energy: density, statistics, CKM matrix, axion, high [energy], High Energy Physics::Experiment, hadron, supersymmetry, neutrino: mixing
Abstract: Progress of theoretical and experimental physics 2020(8), 083C01 (2021). doi:10.1093/ptep/ptaa104, The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,324 new measurements from 878 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on High Energy Soft QCD and Diffraction and one on the Determination of CKM Angles from B Hadrons., Published by Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford
Published: 2021
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22. Review of Particle Physics

Author: Baudis, Laura, Zyla, P A, Barnett, R M, Beringer, J, Dahl, O, Dwyer, D A, Groom, D E, Lin, C -J, Lugovsky, K S, Pianori, E, Robinson, D J, Wohl, C G, Yao, W -M, et al, and University of Zurich
Subjects: 530 Physics, 10192 Physics Institute, 3100 General Physics and Astronomy
Published: 2020

23. Review of Particle Physics, 2020-2021

Author: Zyla, P A, Barnett, R M, Beringer, J, Dahl, O, Dwyer, D A, Groom, D E, Lin, C -J, Lugovsky, K S, Pianori, E, Robinson, D J, Wohl, C G, Yao, W -M, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Allanach, B C, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Aschenauer, E C, Asner, D M, Baer, H, Banerjee, Sw, Baudis, L, Bauer, C W, Beatty, J J, Belousov, V I, Bethke, S, Bettini, A, Biebel, O, Black, K M, Blucher, E, Buchmuller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M A, Cahn, R N, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chivukula, R Sekhar, Cowan, G, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvêa, A, DeGrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B A, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H K, Eerola, P, Egede, U, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B D, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H -J, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gershtein, Y, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A A, Gonzalez-Garcia, M C, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A V, Grojean, C, Grünewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H E, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hebecker, A, Heinemeyer, S, Heltsley, B, Hernández-Rey, J J, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Höcker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Johnson, K F, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U F, Kenzie, M, Khoze, V A, Klein, S R, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R V, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Lellouch, L P, Lesgourgues, J, Liddle, A R, Ligeti, Z, Lippmann, C, Liss, T M, Littenberg, L, Lourengo, C, Lugovsky, S B, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A V, Marciano, W J, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meißner, U -G, Mikhasenko, M, Miller, D J, Milstead, D, Mitchell, R E, Mönig, K, Molaro, P, Moortgat, F, Moskovic, M, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K A, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J A, Petcov, S T, Petrov, V A, Pich, A, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Profumo, S, Quadt, A, Rabbertz, K, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ramani, H, Ramsey-Musolf, M, Ratcliff, B N, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L J, Rosner, J L, Rybka, G, Ryskin, M, Ryutin, R A, Sakai, Y, Salam, G P, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A J, Schwiening, J, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S R, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjöstrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smoot, G F, Soffer, A, Sozzi, M S, Spanier, S, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, S L, Sumino, Y, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M J, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Tanaka, J, Taševský, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thoma, U, Thorne, R S, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N P, Tovey, D R, Trabelsi, K, Urquijo, P, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Verde, L, Vincter, M G, Vogel, P, Vogelsang, W, Vogt, A, Vorobyev, V, Wakely, S P, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C W, Wands, D, Wascko, M O, Weinberg, D H, Weinberg, E J, White, M, Wiencke, L R, Willocq, S, Woody, C L, Workman, R L, Yokoyama, M, Yoshida, R, Zanderighi, G, Zeller, G P, Zenin, O V, Zhu, R -Y, Zhu, S -L, Zimmermann, F, Anderson, J, Basaglia, T, Lugovsky, V S, Schaffner, P, and Zheng, W
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Particle Physics - Experiment, Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Published: 2020

24. Review of Particle Physics

Author: Baudis, Laura; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4710-1768, Zyla, P A, Barnett, R M, Beringer, J, Dahl, O, Dwyer, D A, Groom, D E, Lin, C -J, Lugovsky, K S, Pianori, E, Robinson, D J, Wohl, C G, Yao, W -M, et al, Baudis, Laura; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4710-1768, Zyla, P A, Barnett, R M, Beringer, J, Dahl, O, Dwyer, D A, Groom, D E, Lin, C -J, Lugovsky, K S, Pianori, E, Robinson, D J, Wohl, C G, Yao, W -M, and et al
Abstract: The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,324 new measurements from 878 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on High Energy Soft QCD and Diffraction and one on the Determination of CKM Angles from B Hadrons. The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 98 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 22 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print and as a web version optimized for use on phones as well as an Android app.
Published: 2020

25. Probability

Author: Groom, D. E. and James, F.
Published: 2000
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26. Passage of particles through matter

Author: Groom, D. E. and Klein, S. R.
Published: 2000
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27. Discovery of a supernova explosion at half the age of the Universe

Author: Perlmutter, S., Aldering, G., Valle, M. Della, Deustua, S., Ellis, R. S., Fabbro, S., Fruchter, A., Goldhaber, G., Groom, D. E., Hook, I. M., Kim, A. G., Kim, M. Y., Knop, R. A., Lidman, C., McMahon, R. G., Nugent, P., Pain, R., Panagia, N., Pennypacker, C. R., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Schaefer, B., and Walton, N.
Published: 1998
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28. Review of Particle Physics: particle data groups

Author: Tanabashi, M., Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, S., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., De Florian, D., De Gouvêa, A., Degrand, T., De Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Firestone, R., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grünewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hisano, J., Höcker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meißner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Mönig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pagan Griso, S., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Törnqvist, N. A., Tovey, D. R., Valencia, G., Van De Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C. G., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Fuller, L., Lugovsky, V. S., and Schaffner, P
Subjects: Settore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica, Modelli e Metodi Matematici
Published: 2018

29. Review of Particle Physics (RPP2018)

Author: Tanabashi, M., Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., De Florian, D., De Gouvêa, A., Degrand, T., De Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Firestone, R., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grünewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hisano, J., Höcker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meißner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Mönig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pagan Griso, S., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Törnqvist, N. A., Tovey, D. R., Valencia, G., Van De Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C. G., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Fuller, L., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Tanabashi, M., Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D.M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R.M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C.W., Beatty, J.J., Belousov, V.I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Black, K.M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M.A., Cahn, R.N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M.-C., Chivukula, R.S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., De Florian, D., De Gouvêa, A., Degrand, T., De Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B.A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H.K., Dwyer, D.A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V.V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B.D., Firestone, R., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H.-J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A.A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A.V., Grojean, C., Groom, D.E., Grünewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H.E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K.G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernández-Rey, J.J., Hisano, J., Höcker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K.D., Johnson, K.F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U.F., Klein, S.R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R.V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu.V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C.-J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T.M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K.S., Lugovsky, S.B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A.V., Marciano, W.J., Martin, A.D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meißner, U.-G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R.E., Mönig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K.A., Pagan Griso, S., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J.A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S.T., Petrov, V.A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B.N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L.J., Rosner, J.L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R.A., Sachrajda, C.T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G.P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A.J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S.R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J.G., Smoot, G.F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S.L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M.J., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R.S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N.P., Törnqvist, N.A., Tovey, D.R., Valencia, G., Van De Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M.G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S.P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C.W., Wands, D., Ward, D.R., Wascko, M.O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D.H., Weinberg, E.J., White, M., Wiencke, L.R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C.G., Womersley, J., Woody, C.L., Workman, R.L., Yao, W.-M., Zeller, G.P., Zenin, O.V., Zhu, R.-Y., Zhu, S.-L., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P.A., Anderson, J., Fuller, L., Lugovsky, V.S., and Schaffner, P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, HEP, PDG
Abstract: The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,873 new measurements from 758 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 118 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Neutrinos in Cosmology.Starting with this edition, the Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and all review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings. Review articles that were previously part of the Listings are now included in volume 1.The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is also available.The 2018 edition of the Review of Particle Physics should be cited as: M. Tanabashi (Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D 98, 030001 (2018).
Published: 2018

30. Review of particle physics - Particle Data Group

Author: Tanabashi, M., Grp, Particle Data, Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Firestone, R., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hisano, J., Hocker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitche, R. E., Moenig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stah, A., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D. R., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Voge, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Woh, C. C., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Fuller, L., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Patrignani, C, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Copic, K, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Dwyer, D, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Gruenewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Hebecker, A, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Lippmann, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, U, Milstead, D, Mitchell, R, Molaro, P, Monig, K, Moortgat, F, Mortonson, M, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Griso, S, Parsons, J, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Petrov, V, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, S, Sumino, Y, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thorne, R, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Wands, D, Ward, D, Wascko, M, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Wiliocq, S, Wohl, C, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhu, R, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Anderson, J, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Patrignani, C., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, S. w., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., Degrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Gruenewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heltsley, B., Hernandez Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Y. u. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, Alberto, Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Molaro, P., Monig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Wiliocq, S., Wohl, C. C., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Arguin, J, Band, H, Bernardi, G, Blusk, S, Edwards, D, Gaisser, T, Golwala, S, Grunewald, M, Heffner, M, Junk, T, Karlen, D, Moenig, K, Pape, L, Stah, A, Stanev, T, Sphers, M, Woh, C, Wofenstein, L, Yamamoto, A, and Zhang, J
Subjects: PRODUCTION, MAGNETIC-MOMENT, PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, anomalous magnetic-moment, HEAVY FLAVOUR, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION, GRAND UNIFIED THEORIES, DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING, QUARK-PAIR PRODUCTION, higgs-boson production, double-beta-decay, deep-inelastic-scattering, ANOMALOUS, High Energy Physics::Experiment, STRONG-COUPLING CONSTANT, supersymmetric standard model, ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING, TAU LEPTONS, chiral perturbation-theory, TO-LEADING-ORDER, HADRONIC-Z-DECAYS, HIGGS-BOSON
Abstract: The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,873 new measurements from 758 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 118 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Neutrinos in Cosmology., Starting with this edition, the Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and all review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings. Review articles that were previously part of the Listings are now included in volume 1., The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.1b1.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is also available.
Published: 2016

31. Review of Particle Physics:Particle Data Group

Author: Tanabashi, M., Grp, Particle Data, Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., D'Onofrio, M., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Masoni, A., Milstead, D., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Ringwald, A., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R. S., Tanabashi, M., Grp, Particle Data, Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., D'Onofrio, M., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Masoni, A., Milstead, D., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Ringwald, A., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Thoma, U., and Thorne, R. S.
Published: 2018

32. Review of Particle Physics

Author: Tanabashi, M, Grp, P, Hagiwara, K, Hikasa, K, Nakamura, K, Sumino, Y, Takahashi, F, Tanaka, J, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bettini, A, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Black, K, Blucher, E, Buchmuller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Dwyer, D, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Firestone, R, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gershtein, Y, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Hebecker, A, Heinemeyer, S, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hisano, J, Hocker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Johnson, K, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Lesgourgues, J, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Lippmann, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, U, Milstead, D, Mitche, R, Moenig, K, Molaro, P, Moortgat, F, Moskovic, M, Murayama, H, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Griso, S, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Petrov, V, Pianori, E, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stah, A, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thoma, U, Thorne, R, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Verde, L, Vincter, M, Voge, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Wands, D, Ward, D, Wascko, M, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Willocq, S, Woh, C, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhu, R, Zhu, S, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Anderson, J, Fuller, L, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Tanabashi, M., Grp, Particle Data, Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Firestone, R., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hisano, J., Hocker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitche, R. E., Moenig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stah, A., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D. R., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Voge, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Woh, C. C., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Fuller, L., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Tanabashi, M, Grp, P, Hagiwara, K, Hikasa, K, Nakamura, K, Sumino, Y, Takahashi, F, Tanaka, J, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bettini, A, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Black, K, Blucher, E, Buchmuller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Dwyer, D, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Firestone, R, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gershtein, Y, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Hebecker, A, Heinemeyer, S, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hisano, J, Hocker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Johnson, K, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Lesgourgues, J, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Lippmann, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, U, Milstead, D, Mitche, R, Moenig, K, Molaro, P, Moortgat, F, Moskovic, M, Murayama, H, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Griso, S, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Petrov, V, Pianori, E, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stah, A, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thoma, U, Thorne, R, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Verde, L, Vincter, M, Voge, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Wands, D, Ward, D, Wascko, M, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Willocq, S, Woh, C, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhu, R, Zhu, S, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Anderson, J, Fuller, L, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Tanabashi, M., Grp, Particle Data, Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Firestone, R., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hisano, J., Hocker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitche, R. E., Moenig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stah, A., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D. R., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Voge, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Woh, C. C., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Fuller, L., Lugovsky, V. S., and Schaffner, P.
Abstract: The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,873 new measurements from 758 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 118 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Neutrinos in Cosmology. Starting with this edition, the Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and all review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings. Review articles that were previously part of the Listings are now included in volume 1. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.1b1.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is also available
Published: 2018

33. Review of Particle Physics.

Author: Group, Particle Data, Zyla, P A, Barnett, R M, Beringer, J, Dahl, O, Dwyer, D A, Groom, D E, Lin, C -J, Lugovsky, K S, Pianori, E, Robinson, D J, Wohl, C G, Yao, W -M, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Allanach, B C, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Aschenauer, E C, and Asner, D M
Subjects: PARTICLE physics, BOSONS, WEBSITES, AXIONS, LEPTONS (Nuclear physics)
Abstract: The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,324 new measurements from 878 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on High Energy Soft QCD and Diffraction and one on the Determination of CKM Angles from B Hadrons. The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 98 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 22 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print and as a web version optimized for use on phones as well as an Android app. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Searches for massive neutrinos

Author: Groom, D. E.
Published: 2000
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Searches for monopoles, supersymmetry, technicolor, compositeness, etc.: Megnetic monopole searches

Author: Groom, D. E.
Published: 2000
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Review of Particle Physics, 2016-2017

Author: Patrignani, C, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D M, Baer, H, Banerjee, Sw, Barnett, R M, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C W, Beatty, J J, Belousov, V I, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M A, Cahn, R N, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M -C, Chivukula, R S, Copic, K, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, DeGrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B A, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H K, Dwyer, D A, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B D, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H -J, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A V, Grojean, C, Groom, D E, Grünewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H E, Hagiwara, K, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K G, Hebecker, A, Heltsley, B, Hernández-Rey, J J, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Höcker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Jackson, J D, Johnson, K F, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U F, Klein, S R, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R V, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Yu V, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C -J, Lippmann, C, Liss, T M, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K S, Lugovsky, S B, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A V, Marciano, W J, Martin, A D, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meißner, U -G, Milstead, D, Mitchell, R E, Molaro, P, Mönig, K, Moortgat, F, Mortonson, M J, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K A, Pagan Griso, S, Parsons, J, Peacock, J A, Pennington, M, Petcov, S T, Petrov, V A, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B N, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L J, Rosner, J L, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R A, Sachrajda, C T, Sakai, Y, Salam, G P, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A J, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S R, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjöstrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J G, Smoot, G F, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, S L, Sumino, Y, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M J, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thorne, R S, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N P, Törnqvist, N A, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M G, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S P, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C W, Wands, D, Ward, D R, Wascko, M O, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D H, Weinberg, E J, White, M, Wiencke, L R, Willocq, S, Wohl, C G, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C L, Workman, R L, Yao, W -M, Zeller, G P, Zenin, O V, Zhu, R -Y, Zimmermann, F, and Zyla, P A
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including those on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available.
Published: 2016

37. REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS : Particle Data Group

Author: Patrignani, C., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Gruenewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. -G., Milstead, David, Mitchell, R. E., Molaro, P., Monig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Wiliocq, S., Wohl, C. C., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Patrignani, C., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Gruenewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. -G., Milstead, David, Mitchell, R. E., Molaro, P., Monig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Wiliocq, S., Wohl, C. C., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., and Schaffner, P.
Abstract: The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including new reviews on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Review of particle physics - Particle Data Group

Author: Patrignani, C, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Copic, K, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Dwyer, D, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Gruenewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Hebecker, A, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Lippmann, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, U, Milstead, D, Mitchell, R, Molaro, P, Monig, K, Moortgat, F, Mortonson, M, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Griso, S, Parsons, J, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Petrov, V, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, S, Sumino, Y, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thorne, R, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Wands, D, Ward, D, Wascko, M, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Wiliocq, S, Wohl, C, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhu, R, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Anderson, J, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Patrignani, C., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Gruenewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Molaro, P., Monig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Wiliocq, S., Wohl, C. C., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Patrignani, C, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Copic, K, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Dwyer, D, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Gruenewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Hebecker, A, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Lippmann, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, U, Milstead, D, Mitchell, R, Molaro, P, Monig, K, Moortgat, F, Mortonson, M, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Griso, S, Parsons, J, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Petrov, V, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, S, Sumino, Y, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thorne, R, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Wands, D, Ward, D, Wascko, M, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Wiliocq, S, Wohl, C, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhu, R, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Anderson, J, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Patrignani, C., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Gruenewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Molaro, P., Monig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Wiliocq, S., Wohl, C. C., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., and Schaffner, P.
Abstract: The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including new reviews on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available
Published: 2016

39. Review of Particle Physics, 2014-2015

Author: Olive, K A, Agashe, K, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Arguin, J-F, Asner, D M, Baer, H, Band, H R, Barnett, R M, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C W, Beatty, J J, Belousov, V I, Beringer, J, Bernardi, G, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M A, Cahn, R N, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M-C, Chivukula, R S, Copic, K, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, DeGrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B A, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H K, Edwards, D A, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B D, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gaisser, T K, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H-J, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gherghetta, T, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A V, Grojen, C, Groom, D E, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H E, Hagiwara, K, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K G, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J J, Hikasa, K, Hocker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Jackson, J D, Johnson, K F, Junk, T, Kado, M, Karlen, D, Katz, U F, Klein, S R, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R V, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Yu V, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C-J, Liss, T M, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K S, Lugovsky, S B, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A V, Marciano, W J, Martin, A D, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Milstead, D, Molaro, P, Munig, K, Moortgat, F, Mortonson, M J, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Pape, L, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J A, Pennington, M, Petcov, S T, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B N, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L J, Rosner, J L, Rybka, G, Sachrajda, C T, Sakai, Y, Salam, G P, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S R, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smith, J G, Smoot, G F, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S L, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M J, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N P, Tornqvist, N A, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M G, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S P, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C W, Ward, D R, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D H, Weinberg, E J, White, M, Wiencke, L R, Wohl, C G, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C L, Workman, R L, Yamamoto, A, Yao, W-M, Zeller, G P, Zenin, O V, Zhang, J, Zhu, R-Y, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P A, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V.S, and Schaffner, P
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters.
Published: 2014

40. Review of Particle Physics, 2012-2013

Author: Beringer, J, Arguin, J F, Barnett, R M, Copic, K, Dahl, O, Groom, D E, Lin, C J, Lys, J, Murayama, H, Wohl, C G, Yao, W M, Zyla, P A, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D M, Baer, H, Band, H R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C W, Beatty, J J, Belousov, V I, Bergren, E, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Cahn, R N, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M C, Chivukula, R S, Cowan, G, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, DeGrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Edwards, D A, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B D, Foster, B, Gaisser, T K, Garren, L, Gerber, H J, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A V, Grivaz, J F, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H E, Hagiwara, K, Hagmann, C, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayes, K G, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J J, Hikasa, K, Hocker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Jackson, J D, Johnson, K F, Junk, T, Karlen, D, Kirkby, D, Klein, S R, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R V, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Yu.V, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Liss, T M, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K S, Lugovsky, S B, Mannel, T, Manohar, A V, Marciano, W J, Martin, A D, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Monig, K, Moortgat, F, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K A, Pape, L, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J A, Petcov, S T, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B N, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L J, Rosner, J L, Sachrajda, C T, Sakai, Y, Salam, G P, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Seligman, W G, Shaevitz, M H, Sharpe, S R, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smith, J G, Smoot, G F, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S L, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M J, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N P, Tornqvist, N A, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M G, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C W, Ward, D R, Watari, T, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, E J, Wiencke, L R, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C L, Workman, R L, Yamamoto, A, Zeller, G P, Zenin, O V, Zhang, J, Zhu, R Y, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V S, and Schaffner, P
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2658 new measurements from 644 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on Heavy-Quark and Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Event Generators, Lattice QCD, Heavy Quarkonium Spectroscopy, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Vcb & Vub, Quantum Chromodynamics, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Astrophysical Constants, Cosmological Parameters, and Dark Matter.
Published: 2012

41. Review of Particle Physics Particle Data Group

Author: Beringer, J., Arguin, J. -F., Barnett, R. M., Copic, K., Dahl, O., Groom, D. E., Lin, C. -J., Lys, J., Murayama, H., Wohl, C. G., Yao, W. -M., Zyla, P. A., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Bergren, E., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B., Doser, M., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hagmann, C., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karlen, D., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., van Bibber, K., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Watari, T., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, E. J., Wiencke, L. R., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Beringer, J, Arguin, J, Barnett, R, Copic, K, Dahl, O, Groom, D, Lin, C, Lys, J, Murayama, H, Wohl, C, Yao, W, Zyla, P, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Band, H, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Bergren, E, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Gaisser, T, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grivaz, J, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hagmann, C, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayes, K, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Karlen, D, Kirkby, D, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Moenig, K, Moortgat, F, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Pape, L, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Petcov, S, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Seligman, W, Shaevitz, M, Sharpe, S, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Ward, D, Watari, T, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, E, Wiencke, L, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yamamoto, A, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, and Zhu, R
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Subatomic Physics, Particle physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2658 new measurements from 644 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on Heavy-Quark and Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Event Generators, Lattice QCD, Heavy Quarkonium Spectroscopy, Top Quark, Dark Matter, V-cb & V-ub, Quantum Chromodynamics, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Astrophysical Constants, Cosmological Parameters, and Dark Matter. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.lbl.gov.
Published: 2012

42. Review of Particle Physics, 2010-2011

Author: Nakamura, K, Hagiwara, K, Hikasa, K, Murayama, H, Tanabashi, M, Watari, T, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D M, Baer, H, Band, H R, Barnett, R M, Basaglia, T, Bergren, E, Beringer, J, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Cahn, R N, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M-C, Chivukula, R S, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D’Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvêa, A, DeGrand, T, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Edwards, D A, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B D, Foster, B, Gaisser, T K, Garren, L, Gerber, H-J, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Giudice, G F, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A V, Grivaz, J-F, Groom, D E, Grünewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H E, Hagmann, C, Hayes, K G, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernández-Rey, J J, Höcker, A, Holder, J, Huston, J, Jackson, J D, Johnson, K F, Junk, T, Karle, A, Karlen, D, Kayser, B, Kirkby, D, Klein, S R, Kolda, C, Kowalewski, R V, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Yu V, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C-J, Liss, T M, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K S, Lugovsky, S B, Lys, J, Mahlke, H, Mannel, T, Manohar, A V, Marciano, W J, Martin, A D, Masoni, A, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Mönig, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K A, Pape, L, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J A, Petcov, S T, Piepke, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B N, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L J, Rosner, J L, Sachrajda, C T, Sakai, Y, Salam, G P, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Seligman, W G, Shaevitz, M H, Silari, M, Sjöstrand, T, Smith, J G, Smoot, G F, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S L, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M J, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N P, Törnqvist, N A, Tovey, D, Trippe, T G, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M G, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C W, Ward, D R, Webber, B R, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, E J, Wells, J D, Wheeler, A, Wiencke, L R, Wohl, C G, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C L, Workman, R L, Yamamoto, A, Yao, W-M, Zenin, O V, Zhang, J, Zhu, R-Y, Zyla, P A, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V S, and Schaffner, P
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2158 new measurements from 551 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 108 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on neutrino mass, mixing, and oscillations, QCD, top quark, CKM quark-mixing matrix, Vud & Vus, Vcb & Vub, fragmentation functions, particle detectors for accelerator and non-accelerator physics, magnetic monopoles, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology.
Published: 2010

43. REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS Particle Data Group

Author: Olive, K. A., Agashe, K., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Arguin, J. -F., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bernardi, G., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Kado, M., Karlen, D., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, David A., Molaro, P., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stah, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Sphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Woh, C. C., Wofenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Olive, K. A., Agashe, K., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Arguin, J. -F., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bernardi, G., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Kado, M., Karlen, D., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, David A., Molaro, P., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stah, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Sphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Woh, C. C., Wofenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., and Schaffner, P.
Abstract: The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 Japers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters.
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS Particle Data Group

Author: Olive, K, Agashe, K, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Arguin, J, Asner, D, Baer, H, Band, H, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bernardi, G, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Copic, K, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gaisser, T, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gherghetta, T, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Kado, M, Karlen, D, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Milstead, D, Molaro, P, Moenig, K, Moortgat, F, Mortonson, M, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Pape, L, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stah, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Sphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Ward, D, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Woh, C, Wofenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yamamoto, A, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, Zhu, R, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Olive, K. A., Agashe, K., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Arguin, J. -F., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bernardi, G., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Kado, M., Karlen, D., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, D., Molaro, P., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stah, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Sphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Woh, C. C., Wofenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Olive, K, Agashe, K, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Arguin, J, Asner, D, Baer, H, Band, H, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bernardi, G, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Copic, K, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gaisser, T, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gherghetta, T, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Kado, M, Karlen, D, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Milstead, D, Molaro, P, Moenig, K, Moortgat, F, Mortonson, M, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Pape, L, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stah, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Sphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Ward, D, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Woh, C, Wofenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yamamoto, A, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, Zhu, R, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Olive, K. A., Agashe, K., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Arguin, J. -F., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bernardi, G., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Kado, M., Karlen, D., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, D., Molaro, P., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stah, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Sphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Woh, C. C., Wofenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., and Schaffner, P.
Abstract: The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 Japers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters
Published: 2014

45. Review of Particle Physics, Particle Data Group

Author: Beringer, J., Arguin, J. -F., Barnett, R. M., Copic, K., Dahl, O., Groom, D. E., Lin, C. -J., Lys, J., Murayama, H., Wohl, C. G., Yao, W. -M., Zyla, P. A., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Bergren, E., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., De Florian, D., De Gouvea, A., Degrand, T., De Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B., Doser, M., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hagmann, C., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karlen, D., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Van Bibber, K., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Watari, T., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, E. J., Wiencke, L. R., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Beringer, J., Arguin, J. -F., Barnett, R. M., Copic, K., Dahl, O., Groom, D. E., Lin, C. -J., Lys, J., Murayama, H., Wohl, C. G., Yao, W. -M., Zyla, P. A., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Bergren, E., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., De Florian, D., De Gouvea, A., Degrand, T., De Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B., Doser, M., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hagmann, C., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karlen, D., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Van Bibber, K., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Watari, T., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, E. J., Wiencke, L. R., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., and Zhu, R. -Y.
Abstract: This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2658 new measurements from 644 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on Heavy-Quark and Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Event Generators, Lattice QCD, Heavy Quarkonium Spectroscopy, Top Quark, Dark Matter, V-cb & V-ub, Quantum Chromodynamics, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Astrophysical Constants, Cosmological Parameters, and Dark Matter. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.lbl.gov.
Published: 2013
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46. REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS Particle Data Group

Author: Beringer, J, Arguin, J, Barnett, R, Copic, K, Dahl, O, Groom, D, Lin, C, Lys, J, Murayama, H, Wohl, C, Yao, W, Zyla, P, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Band, H, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Bergren, E, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Gaisser, T, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grivaz, J, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hagmann, C, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayes, K, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Karlen, D, Kirkby, D, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Moenig, K, Moortgat, F, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Pape, L, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Petcov, S, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Seligman, W, Shaevitz, M, Sharpe, S, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Ward, D, Watari, T, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, E, Wiencke, L, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yamamoto, A, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, Zhu, R, Beringer, J., Arguin, J. -F., Barnett, R. M., Copic, K., Dahl, O., Groom, D. E., Lin, C. -J., Lys, J., Murayama, H., Wohl, C. G., Yao, W. -M., Zyla, P. A., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Bergren, E., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B., Doser, M., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hagmann, C., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karlen, D., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., van Bibber, K., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Watari, T., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, E. J., Wiencke, L. R., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Beringer, J, Arguin, J, Barnett, R, Copic, K, Dahl, O, Groom, D, Lin, C, Lys, J, Murayama, H, Wohl, C, Yao, W, Zyla, P, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Band, H, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Bergren, E, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Gaisser, T, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grivaz, J, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hagmann, C, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayes, K, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Karlen, D, Kirkby, D, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Moenig, K, Moortgat, F, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Pape, L, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Petcov, S, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Seligman, W, Shaevitz, M, Sharpe, S, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Ward, D, Watari, T, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, E, Wiencke, L, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yamamoto, A, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, Zhu, R, Beringer, J., Arguin, J. -F., Barnett, R. M., Copic, K., Dahl, O., Groom, D. E., Lin, C. -J., Lys, J., Murayama, H., Wohl, C. G., Yao, W. -M., Zyla, P. A., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Bergren, E., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B., Doser, M., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hagmann, C., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karlen, D., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., van Bibber, K., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Watari, T., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, E. J., Wiencke, L. R., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., and Zhu, R. -Y.
Abstract: This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2658 new measurements from 644 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on Heavy-Quark and Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Event Generators, Lattice QCD, Heavy Quarkonium Spectroscopy, Top Quark, Dark Matter, V-cb & V-ub, Quantum Chromodynamics, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Astrophysical Constants, Cosmological Parameters, and Dark Matter. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.lbl.gov
Published: 2012

47. Panel discussion [at the 1st Workshop on Confidence Limits]

Author: Cowan, G D, Feldman, G, Groom, D E, Junk, T R, Lyons, L, and Prosper, H B
Subjects: Detectors and Experimental Techniques
Published: 2000

48. Review of particle physics

Author: Nakamura, K, Hagiwara, K, Hikasa, K, Murayama, H, Tanabashi, M, Watari, T, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Band, H, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bergren, E, Beringer, J, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Gaisser, T, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Giudice, C, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grivaz, J, Groom, D, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagmann, C, Hayes, K, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Huston, J, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Karle, A, Karlen, D, Kayser, B, Kirkby, D, Klein, S, Kolda, C, Kowalewski, R, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lys, J, Mahlke, H, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Moenig, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Pape, L, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Petcov, S, Piepke, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Seligman, W, Shaevitz, M, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Trippe, T, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Ward, D, Webber, B, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, E, Wells, J, Wheeler, A, Wiencke, L, Wohl, C, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yamamoto, A, Yao, W, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, Zhu, R, Zyla, P, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Nakamura, K., Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Murayama, H., Tanabashi, M., Watari, T., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bergren, E., Beringer, J., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B., Doser, M., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Giudice, C. F., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagmann, C., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karle, A., Karlen, D., Kayser, B., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Kolda, C., Kowalewski, R. V., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lys, J., Mahlke, H., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Trippe, T. G., Valencia, G., van Bibber, K., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Webber, B. R., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, E. J., Wells, J. D., Wheeler, A., Wiencke, L. R., Wohl, C. G., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Yao, W. -M., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Zyla, P. A., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Nakamura, K, Hagiwara, K, Hikasa, K, Murayama, H, Tanabashi, M, Watari, T, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Band, H, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bergren, E, Beringer, J, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Gaisser, T, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Giudice, C, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grivaz, J, Groom, D, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagmann, C, Hayes, K, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Huston, J, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Karle, A, Karlen, D, Kayser, B, Kirkby, D, Klein, S, Kolda, C, Kowalewski, R, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lys, J, Mahlke, H, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Moenig, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Pape, L, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Petcov, S, Piepke, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Seligman, W, Shaevitz, M, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Trippe, T, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Ward, D, Webber, B, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, E, Wells, J, Wheeler, A, Wiencke, L, Wohl, C, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yamamoto, A, Yao, W, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, Zhu, R, Zyla, P, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Nakamura, K., Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Murayama, H., Tanabashi, M., Watari, T., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bergren, E., Beringer, J., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B., Doser, M., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Giudice, C. F., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagmann, C., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karle, A., Karlen, D., Kayser, B., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Kolda, C., Kowalewski, R. V., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lys, J., Mahlke, H., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Trippe, T. G., Valencia, G., van Bibber, K., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Webber, B. R., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, E. J., Wells, J. D., Wheeler, A., Wiencke, L. R., Wohl, C. G., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Yao, W. -M., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Zyla, P. A., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., and Schaffner, P.
Abstract: This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2158 new measurements from 551 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 108 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on neutrino mass, mixing, and oscillations, QCD, top quark, CKM quark-mixing matrix, V-ud & V-us, V-cb & V-ub, fragmentation functions, particle detectors for accelerator and non-accelerator physics, magnetic monopoles, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.1b1.gov
Published: 2010

49. Review of particle physics

Author: Amsler, C, Doser, M, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Babu, K, Baer, H, Band, H, Barnett, R, Bergren, E, Beringer, J, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Bloch, P, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Caso, C, Cecccci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, Dobrescu, B, Drees, M, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Elvira, V, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Feng, J, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Gaisser, T, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Giudice, G, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grivaz, J, Groom, D, Gruenewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hagmann, C, Hayes, K, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hincliliffe, I, Hoecker, A, Huston, J, Igo-Kemenes, P, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Karlen, D, Kayser, B, Kirkby, D, Klein, S, Knowles, I, Kolda, C, Kowalewski, R, Kreitz, P, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Liu, J, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Mahlke, H, Mangano, M, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Moenig, K, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Pape, L, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Piepke, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Rateliff, B, Renk, B, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scott, D, Seligman, W, Shaevitz, M, Sjostrand, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Surniyoshi, T, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Trilling, G, Trippe, T, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Ward, D, Watari, T, Vebber, B, Weiglein, G, Wells, J, Whalley, M, Wheeler, A, Wohl, C, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workmnan, R, Yamamoto, A, Yao, W, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, Zhu, R, Zyla, P, Amsler, C., Doser, M., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Babu, K. S., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Barnett, R. M., Bergren, E., Beringer, J., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Bloch, P., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Caso, C., Cecccci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., Dobrescu, B., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Elvira, V. D., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Feng, J. L., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Giudice, G. F., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Groom, D. E., Gruenewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hagmann, C., Hayes, K. G., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hincliliffe, I., Hoecker, A., Huston, J., Igo-Kemenes, P., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karlen, D., Kayser, B., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Knowles, I. G., Kolda, C., Kowalewski, R. V., Kreitz, P., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Liu, J. C., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Mahlke, H., Mangano, M. L., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Piepke, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Rateliff, B. N., Renk, B., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Sjostrand, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Surniyoshi, T., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Trilling, G. H., Trippe, T. G., Valencia, G., van Bibber, K., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Ward, D. R., Watari, T., Vebber, B. R., Weiglein, G., Wells, J. D., Whalley, M., Wheeler, A., Wohl, C. G., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workmnan, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Yao, W-M., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Zyla, P. A., Amsler, C, Doser, M, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Babu, K, Baer, H, Band, H, Barnett, R, Bergren, E, Beringer, J, Bernardi, G, Bertl, W, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Bloch, P, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Caso, C, Cecccci, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, Dobrescu, B, Drees, M, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Elvira, V, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Feng, J, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Gaisser, T, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gherghetta, T, Giudice, G, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grivaz, J, Groom, D, Gruenewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hagmann, C, Hayes, K, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hincliliffe, I, Hoecker, A, Huston, J, Igo-Kemenes, P, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Karlen, D, Kayser, B, Kirkby, D, Klein, S, Knowles, I, Kolda, C, Kowalewski, R, Kreitz, P, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Liu, J, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Mahlke, H, Mangano, M, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Milstead, D, Miquel, R, Moenig, K, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Pape, L, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Piepke, A, Punzi, G, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Raffelt, G, Rateliff, B, Renk, B, Richardson, P, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scott, D, Seligman, W, Shaevitz, M, Sjostrand, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Stahl, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Surniyoshi, T, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Trilling, G, Trippe, T, Valencia, G, van Bibber, K, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Ward, D, Watari, T, Vebber, B, Weiglein, G, Wells, J, Whalley, M, Wheeler, A, Wohl, C, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workmnan, R, Yamamoto, A, Yao, W, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, Zhu, R, Zyla, P, Amsler, C., Doser, M., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Babu, K. S., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Barnett, R. M., Bergren, E., Beringer, J., Bernardi, G., Bertl, W., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Bloch, P., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Caso, C., Cecccci, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., Dobrescu, B., Drees, M., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Elvira, V. D., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Feng, J. L., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Gaisser, T. K., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gherghetta, T., Giudice, G. F., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grivaz, J. -F., Groom, D. E., Gruenewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hagmann, C., Hayes, K. G., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hincliliffe, I., Hoecker, A., Huston, J., Igo-Kemenes, P., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Karlen, D., Kayser, B., Kirkby, D., Klein, S. R., Knowles, I. G., Kolda, C., Kowalewski, R. V., Kreitz, P., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Liu, J. C., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Mahlke, H., Mangano, M. L., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Milstead, D., Miquel, R., Moenig, K., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pape, L., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Piepke, A., Punzi, G., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Raffelt, G., Rateliff, B. N., Renk, B., Richardson, P., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scott, D., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Sjostrand, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Surniyoshi, T., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Trilling, G. H., Trippe, T. G., Valencia, G., van Bibber, K., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Ward, D. R., Watari, T., Vebber, B. R., Weiglein, G., Wells, J. D., Whalley, M., Wheeler, A., Wohl, C. G., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workmnan, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Yao, W-M., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., and Zyla, P. A.
Abstract: This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions., plus 2778 new measurements from 645 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors., probability, and statistics. Among the 108 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on CKM quark-mixing matrix, V-ud & V-us, V-cb & V-ub, top quark, muon anomalous magnetic moment, extra dimensions, particle detectors, cosmic background radiation, dark matter, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology
Published: 2008

50. Improved Cosmological Constraints from New, Old, and Combined Supernova Data Sets

Author: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), German Research Foundation, Department of Energy (US), Kowalski, M., Rubin, D., Aldering, G., Agostinho, R. J., Amadon, A., Amanullah, R., Balland, C., Barbary, K., Blanc, G., Challis, P. J., Conley, A., Connolly, N. V., Covarrubias, R., Dawson, K.S., Deustua, S. E., Ellis, R., Fabbro, S., Fadeyev, V., Fan, X., Farris, B., Folatelli, G., Frye, B.L., Garavini, G., Gates, E. L., Germany, L., Goldhaber, G., Goldman, B., Goobar, A., Groom, D. E., Haissinski, J., Hardin, D., Hook, I., Kent, S., Kim, A. G., Knop, R. A., Lidman, C., Linder, E.V., Méndez, J., Meyers, J., Miller, G. J., Moniez, M., Mourão, A. M., Newberg, H., Nobili, S., Nugent, P. E., Pain, R., Perdereau, O., Perlmutter, S., Phillips, M. M., Prasad, V., Quimby, R., Regnault, N., Rich, J., Rubenstein, E. P., Ruiz-Lapuente, Pilar, Santos, F. D., Schaefer, B. E., Schommer, R. A., Smith, R. C., Soderberg, A. M., Spadafora, A. L., Strolger, L. G., Strovink, M., Suntzeff, Nicholas B., Suzuki, N., Thomas, R. C., Walton, N. A., Wang, L., Wood-Vasey, W. M., Yun, J. L., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), German Research Foundation, Department of Energy (US), Kowalski, M., Rubin, D., Aldering, G., Agostinho, R. J., Amadon, A., Amanullah, R., Balland, C., Barbary, K., Blanc, G., Challis, P. J., Conley, A., Connolly, N. V., Covarrubias, R., Dawson, K.S., Deustua, S. E., Ellis, R., Fabbro, S., Fadeyev, V., Fan, X., Farris, B., Folatelli, G., Frye, B.L., Garavini, G., Gates, E. L., Germany, L., Goldhaber, G., Goldman, B., Goobar, A., Groom, D. E., Haissinski, J., Hardin, D., Hook, I., Kent, S., Kim, A. G., Knop, R. A., Lidman, C., Linder, E.V., Méndez, J., Meyers, J., Miller, G. J., Moniez, M., Mourão, A. M., Newberg, H., Nobili, S., Nugent, P. E., Pain, R., Perdereau, O., Perlmutter, S., Phillips, M. M., Prasad, V., Quimby, R., Regnault, N., Rich, J., Rubenstein, E. P., Ruiz-Lapuente, Pilar, Santos, F. D., Schaefer, B. E., Schommer, R. A., Smith, R. C., Soderberg, A. M., Spadafora, A. L., Strolger, L. G., Strovink, M., Suntzeff, Nicholas B., Suzuki, N., Thomas, R. C., Walton, N. A., Wang, L., Wood-Vasey, W. M., and Yun, J. L.
Abstract: We present a new compilation of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), a new data set of low-redshift nearby-Hubble-flow SNe, and new analysis procedures to work with these heterogeneous compilations. This >Union> compilation of 414 SNe Ia, which reduces to 307 SNe after selection cuts, includes the recent large samples of SNe Ia from the Supernova Legacy Survey and ESSENCE Survey, the older data sets, as well as the recently extended data set of distant supernovae observed with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). A single, consistent, and blind analysis procedure is used for all the various SN Ia subsamples, and a new procedure is implemented that consistently weights the heterogeneous data sets and rejects outliers. We present the latest results from this Union compilation and discuss the cosmological constraints from this new compilation and its combination with other cosmological measurements (CMB and BAO). The constraint we obtain from supernovae on the dark energy density is ¿¿ = 0.713+ 0.027¿0.029(stat)+ 0.036¿0.039(sys) , for a flat, ¿CDM universe. Assuming a constant equation of state parameter, w, the combined constraints from SNe, BAO, and CMB give w = ¿ 0.969+ 0.059¿0.063(stat)+ 0.063¿0.066(sys) . While our results are consistent with a cosmological constant, we obtain only relatively weak constraints on a w that varies with redshift. In particular, the current SN data do not yet significantly constrain w at z > 1. With the addition of our new nearby Hubble-flow SNe Ia, these resulting cosmological constraints are currently the tightest available.
Published: 2008

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