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14,808 results on '"Graham, G"'

1. Pre-diagnosis tea and coffee consumption and survival after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer: results from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium

Author

Nagle, Christina M., Ibiebele, Torukiri I., Bandera, Elisa V., Cramer, Daniel, Doherty, Jennifer A., Giles, Graham G., Goodman, Marc T., Hanley, Gillian E., Harris, Holly R., Jensen, Allan, Kjaer, Susanne K., Lee, Alice W., Milne, Roger L., Qin, Bo, Richardson, Jean, Sasamoto, Naoko, Sieh, Weiva, Terry, Kathryn L., Titus, Linda, Trabert, Britton, Wentzensen, Nicolas, Wu, Anna H., Berchuck, Andrew, Pike, Malcolm, Pearce, Celeste Leigh, and Webb, Penelope M.

Published
2024
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4. Genetic risk impacts the association of menopausal hormone therapy with colorectal cancer risk

Author

Tian, Yu, Lin, Yi, Qu, Conghui, Arndt, Volker, Baurley, James W., Berndt, Sonja I., Bien, Stephanie A., Bishop, D. Timothy, Brenner, Hermann, Buchanan, Daniel D., Budiarto, Arif, Campbell, Peter T., Carreras-Torres, Robert, Casey, Graham, Chan, Andrew T., Chen, Rui, Chen, Xuechen, Conti, David V., Díez-Obrero, Virginia, Dimou, Niki, Drew, David A., Figueiredo, Jane C., Gallinger, Steven, Giles, Graham G., Gruber, Stephen B., Gunter, Marc J., Harlid, Sophia, Harrison, Tabitha A., Hidaka, Akihisa, Hoffmeister, Michael, Huyghe, Jeroen R., Jenkins, Mark A., Jordahl, Kristina M., Joshi, Amit D., Keku, Temitope O., Kawaguchi, Eric, Kim, Andre E., Kundaje, Anshul, Larsson, Susanna C., Marchand, Loic Le, Lewinger, Juan Pablo, Li, Li, Moreno, Victor, Morrison, John, Murphy, Neil, Nan, Hongmei, Nassir, Rami, Newcomb, Polly A., Obón-Santacana, Mireia, Ogino, Shuji, Ose, Jennifer, Pardamean, Bens, Pellatt, Andrew J., Peoples, Anita R., Platz, Elizabeth A., Potter, John D., Prentice, Ross L., Rennert, Gad, Ruiz-Narvaez, Edward A., Sakoda, Lori C., Schoen, Robert E., Shcherbina, Anna, Stern, Mariana C., Su, Yu-Ru, Thibodeau, Stephen N., Thomas, Duncan C., Tsilidis, Konstantinos K., van Duijnhoven, Franzel J. B., Van Guelpen, Bethany, Visvanathan, Kala, White, Emily, Wolk, Alicja, Woods, Michael O., Wu, Anna H., Peters, Ulrike, Gauderman, W. James, Hsu, Li, and Chang-Claude, Jenny

Published
2024
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5. Unambiguous discrimination of high harmonic generation mechanisms in solids

Author

Brown, Graham G., Silva, Rui E. F., Jiménez-Galán, Álvaro, and Ivanov, Misha

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Using real-space view of high harmonic generation (HHG) in solids, we develop a physically transparent and gauge-invariant approach for distinguishing intraband and interband HHG mechanisms. Our approach relies on resolving the harmonic emission according to the separation between Wannier states involved in radiative transitions. We show that the intra- and inter-band HHG emission exhibit striking qualitative differences in their dependence on this separation and can be clearly distinguished using the Wannier basis., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2023

6. Ultrafast dephasing in solid state high harmonic generation: macroscopic origin revealed by real-space dynamics

Author

Brown, Graham G., Jiménez-Galán, Álvaro, Silva, Rui E. F., and Ivanov, Misha

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Using a fully real-space perspective on high harmonic generation (HHG) in solids, we examine the relationship between microscopic response, macroscopic propagation of this response to the far field, and the extremely short dephasing times routinely used in the theoretical simulations of experimentally measured solid-state HHG spectra. We find that far field propagation naturally reduces the contribution to the observed HHG emission from electrons that do not return to the lattice site where they have been injected into the conduction band. We then show that extremely short dephasing times routinely used in microscopic simulations suppress many electron trajectories that contribute to the far-field spectra, leading to significant distortions of the true high harmonic response. We show that a real-space based dephasing mechanism, which preferentially suppresses trajectories which veer too far away from their original lattice site, yield HHG spectra that faithfully retain those trajectories that contribute to the far-field spectra while filtering out those which do not, already at the microscopic level. Our findings emphasize the similarities between atomic and solid-state HHG by highlighting the importance of the intensity-dependent phase of HHG emission and address the longstanding issue regarding the origin of extremely short dephasing times in solid-state HHG., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

Published
2023

7. Evaluation of European-based polygenic risk score for breast cancer in Ashkenazi Jewish women in Israel

Author

Levi, Hagai, Carmi, Shai, Rosset, Saharon, Yerushalmi, Rinat, Zick, Aviad, Yablonski-Peretz, Tamar, Consortium, The BCAC, Wang, Qin, Bolla, Manjeet K, Dennis, Joe, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Lush, Michael, Ahearn, Thomas, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antoniou, Antonis C, Arndt, Volker, Augustinsson, Annelie, Auvinen, Päivi, Freeman, Laura Beane, Beckmann, Matthias, Behrens, Sabine, Bermisheva, Marina, Bodelon, Clara, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bojesen, Stig E, Brenner, Hermann, Byers, Helen, Camp, Nicola, Castelao, Jose, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chirlaque, María-Dolores, Chung, Wendy, Clarke, Christine, Collaborators, NBCS, Collee, Margriet J, Colonna, Sarah, Consortium, CTS, Couch, Fergus, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Czene, Kamila, Daly, Mary, Devilee, Peter, Dork, Thilo, Dossus, Laure, Eccles, Diana M, Eliassen, A Heather, Eriksson, Mikael, Evans, Gareth, Fasching, Peter, Fletcher, Olivia, Flyger, Henrik, Fritschi, Lin, Gabrielson, Marike, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, García-Closas, Montserrat, Garcia-Saenz, Jose Angel, Genkinger, Jeanine, Giles, Graham G, Goldberg, Mark, Guénel, Pascal, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, He, Wei, Hillemanns, Peter, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Hoppe, Reiner, Hopper, John, Investigators, ABCTB, Jakovchevska, Simona, Jakubowska, Anna, Jernström, Helena, John, Esther, Johnson, Nichola, Jones, Michael, Vijai, Joseph, Kaaks, Rudolf, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Kitahara, Cari, Koutros, Stella, Kristensen, Vessela, Kurian, Allison W, Lacey, James, Lambrechts, Diether, Le Marchand, Loic, Lejbkowicz, Flavio, Lindblom, Annika, Loibl, Sibylle, Lori, Adriana, Lubinski, Jan, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoochehri, Mehdi, Mavroudis, Dimitrios, Menon, Usha, Mulligan, AnnaMarie, Murphy, Rachel, Nevelsteen, Ines, Newman, William G, and Obi, Nadia

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Breast Cancer, Prevention, Cancer, Humans, Female, Breast Neoplasms, Genome-Wide Association Study, Jews, Israel, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Risk Factors, Multifactorial Inheritance, Transcription Factors, Genomics, Polymorphism, Genetic, BCAC Consortium, NBCS Collaborators, CTS Consortium, ABCTB Investigators, Polymorphism, Genetic, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundPolygenic risk score (PRS), calculated based on genome-wide association studies (GWASs), can improve breast cancer (BC) risk assessment. To date, most BC GWASs have been performed in individuals of European (EUR) ancestry, and the generalisation of EUR-based PRS to other populations is a major challenge. In this study, we examined the performance of EUR-based BC PRS models in Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) women.MethodsWe generated PRSs based on data on EUR women from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). We tested the performance of the PRSs in a cohort of 2161 AJ women from Israel (1437 cases and 724 controls) from BCAC (BCAC cohort from Israel (BCAC-IL)). In addition, we tested the performance of these EUR-based BC PRSs, as well as the established 313-SNP EUR BC PRS, in an independent cohort of 181 AJ women from Hadassah Medical Center (HMC) in Israel.ResultsIn the BCAC-IL cohort, the highest OR per 1 SD was 1.56 (±0.09). The OR for AJ women at the top 10% of the PRS distribution compared with the middle quintile was 2.10 (±0.24). In the HMC cohort, the OR per 1 SD of the EUR-based PRS that performed best in the BCAC-IL cohort was 1.58±0.27. The OR per 1 SD of the commonly used 313-SNP BC PRS was 1.64 (±0.28).ConclusionsExtant EUR GWAS data can be used for generating PRSs that identify AJ women with markedly elevated risk of BC and therefore hold promise for improving BC risk assessment in AJ women.

Published
2023

8. College and Career Readiness Support for Youth with and without Disabilities Based on the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012

Author

Lombardi, Allison R., Rifenbark, Graham G., Hicks, Tyler, Taconet, Ashley, and Challenger, Clewiston

Abstract

In this study, we examined college and career readiness (CCR) support for students with and without disabilities using data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012. We selected variables relevant to CCR and focused on the interaction of disability, race and ethnicity, and household income across a range of disability categories, including those on individualized education programs and 504 plans, as well as for those without disabilities. Overall, we analyzed 19 groups of students representing these intersectional characteristics. Our findings show significant differences among the groups with regard to receiving the CCR supports: help with college applications, course-taking advice, interpretation of college admissions exam scores, and arranging college visits. Results show students of color without disabilities from low-income households were 2 times more likely to receive certain CCR supports. In contrast, across all study outcomes, students with disabilities showed different patterns than their counterparts without disabilities and were at a clear disadvantage with regard to access to CCR supports. Findings suggest disparities in schoolwide CCR supports for those with disabilities, which are more pronounced for students of color with disabilities. Implications for secondary transition educators and school counselors are discussed.

Published
2022
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9. A Likelihood Ratio Approach for Utilizing Case‐Control Data in the Clinical Classification of Rare Sequence Variants: Application to BRCA1 and BRCA2

Author

Zanti, Maria, O′Mahony, Denise G, Parsons, Michael T, Li, Hongyan, Dennis, Joe, Aittomäkkiki, Kristiina, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Aronson, Kristan J, Augustinsson, Annelie, Becher, Heiko, Bojesen, Stig E, Bolla, Manjeet K, Brenner, Hermann, Brown, Melissa A, Buys, Saundra S, Canzian, Federico, Caputo, Sandrine M, Castelao, Jose E, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Collaborators, GC-HBOC study, Czene, Kamila, Daly, Mary B, De Nicolo, Arcangela, Devilee, Peter, Dörk, Thilo, Dunning, Alison M, Dwek, Miriam, Eccles, Diana M, Engel, Christoph, Evans, D Gareth, Fasching, Peter A, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, García-Closas, Montserrat, García-Sáenz, José A, Gentry-Maharaj, Aleksandra, Giele, Willemina RR Geurts-, Giles, Graham G, Glendon, Gord, Goldberg, Mark S, Garcia, Encarna B Gómez, Güendert, Melanie, Guénel, Pascal, Hahnen, Eric, Haiman, Christopher A, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Harkness, Elaine F, Hogervorst, Frans BL, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Hoppe, Reiner, Hopper, John L, Houdayer, Claude, Houlston, Richard S, Howell, Anthony, Investigators, ABCTB, Jakimovska, Milena, Jakubowska, Anna, Jernström, Helena, John, Esther M, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kitahara, Cari M, Koutros, Stella, Kraft, Peter, Kristensen, Vessela N, Lacey, James V, Lambrechts, Diether, Léoné, Melanie, Lindblom, Annika, Lubiński, Jan, Lush, Michael, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoochehri, Mehdi, Manoukian, Siranoush, Margolin, Sara, Martinez, Maria Elena, Menon, Usha, Milne, Roger L, Monteiro, Alvaro N, Murphy, Rachel A, Neuhausen, Susan L, Nevanlinna, Heli, Newman, William G, Offit, Kenneth, Park, Sue K, James, Paul, Peterlongo, Paolo, Peto, Julian, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Punie, Kevin, Radice, Paolo, Rashid, Muhammad U, Rennert, Gad, Romero, Atocha, Rosenberg, Efraim H, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Sandler, Dale P, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Schmutzler, Rita K, and Shu, Xiao-Ou

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Genetics, Biotechnology, Genetic Testing, Prevention, Cancer, Human Genome, Women's Health, Breast Cancer, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Case-Control Studies, BRCA2 Protein, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Female, BRCA1 Protein, Breast Neoplasms, Likelihood Functions, Genetic Variation, Penetrance, GC-HBOC study Collaborators, ABCTB Investigators, ACMG/AMP, BRCA, PS4, VUS, case-control, likelihood ratio, variant classification, Clinical Sciences, Genetics & Heredity, Clinical sciences
Abstract

A large number of variants identified through clinical genetic testing in disease susceptibility genes, are of uncertain significance (VUS). Following the recommendations of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP), the frequency in case-control datasets (PS4 criterion), can inform their interpretation. We present a novel case-control likelihood ratio-based method that incorporates gene-specific age-related penetrance. We demonstrate the utility of this method in the analysis of simulated and real datasets. In the analyses of simulated data, the likelihood ratio method was more powerful compared to other methods. Likelihood ratios were calculated for a case-control dataset of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), and compared with logistic regression results. A larger number of variants reached evidence in favor of pathogenicity, and a substantial number of variants had evidence against pathogenicity - findings that would not have been reached using other case-control analysis methods. Our novel method provides greater power to classify rare variants compared to classical case-control methods. As an initiative from the ENIGMA Analytical Working Group, we provide user-friendly scripts and pre-formatted excel calculators for implementation of the method for rare variants in BRCA1, BRCA2 and other high-risk genes with known penetrance.

Published
2023

13. Fine-mapping analysis including over 254,000 East Asian and European descendants identifies 136 putative colorectal cancer susceptibility genes

Author

Chen, Zhishan, Guo, Xingyi, Tao, Ran, Huyghe, Jeroen R., Law, Philip J., Fernandez-Rozadilla, Ceres, Ping, Jie, Jia, Guochong, Long, Jirong, Li, Chao, Shen, Quanhu, Xie, Yuhan, Timofeeva, Maria N., Thomas, Minta, Schmit, Stephanie L., Díez-Obrero, Virginia, Devall, Matthew, Moratalla-Navarro, Ferran, Fernandez-Tajes, Juan, Palles, Claire, Sherwood, Kitty, Briggs, Sarah E. W., Svinti, Victoria, Donnelly, Kevin, Farrington, Susan M., Blackmur, James, Vaughan-Shaw, Peter G., Shu, Xiao-Ou, Lu, Yingchang, Broderick, Peter, Studd, James, Harrison, Tabitha A., Conti, David V., Schumacher, Fredrick R., Melas, Marilena, Rennert, Gad, Obón-Santacana, Mireia, Martín-Sánchez, Vicente, Oh, Jae Hwan, Kim, Jeongseon, Jee, Sun Ha, Jung, Keum Ji, Kweon, Sun-Seog, Shin, Min-Ho, Shin, Aesun, Ahn, Yoon-Ok, Kim, Dong-Hyun, Oze, Isao, Wen, Wanqing, Matsuo, Keitaro, Matsuda, Koichi, Tanikawa, Chizu, Ren, Zefang, Gao, Yu-Tang, Jia, Wei-Hua, Hopper, John L., Jenkins, Mark A., Win, Aung Ko, Pai, Rish K., Figueiredo, Jane C., Haile, Robert W., Gallinger, Steven, Woods, Michael O., Newcomb, Polly A., Duggan, David, Cheadle, Jeremy P., Kaplan, Richard, Kerr, Rachel, Kerr, David, Kirac, Iva, Böhm, Jan, Mecklin, Jukka-Pekka, Jousilahti, Pekka, Knekt, Paul, Aaltonen, Lauri A., Rissanen, Harri, Pukkala, Eero, Eriksson, Johan G., Cajuso, Tatiana, Hänninen, Ulrika, Kondelin, Johanna, Palin, Kimmo, Tanskanen, Tomas, Renkonen-Sinisalo, Laura, Männistö, Satu, Albanes, Demetrius, Weinstein, Stephanie J., Ruiz-Narvaez, Edward, Palmer, Julie R., Buchanan, Daniel D., Platz, Elizabeth A., Visvanathan, Kala, Ulrich, Cornelia M., Siegel, Erin, Brezina, Stefanie, Gsur, Andrea, Campbell, Peter T., Chang-Claude, Jenny, Hoffmeister, Michael, Brenner, Hermann, Slattery, Martha L., Potter, John D., Tsilidis, Kostas K., Schulze, Matthias B., Gunter, Marc J., Murphy, Neil, Castells, Antoni, Castellví-Bel, Sergi, Moreira, Leticia, Arndt, Volker, Shcherbina, Anna, Bishop, D. Timothy, Giles, Graham G., Southey, Melissa C., Idos, Gregory E., McDonnell, Kevin J., Abu-Ful, Zomoroda, Greenson, Joel K., Shulman, Katerina, Lejbkowicz, Flavio, Offit, Kenneth, Su, Yu-Ru, Steinfelder, Robert, Keku, Temitope O., van Guelpen, Bethany, Hudson, Thomas J., Hampel, Heather, Pearlman, Rachel, Berndt, Sonja I., Hayes, Richard B., Martinez, Marie Elena, Thomas, Sushma S., Pharoah, Paul D. P., Larsson, Susanna C., Yen, Yun, Lenz, Heinz-Josef, White, Emily, Li, Li, Doheny, Kimberly F., Pugh, Elizabeth, Shelford, Tameka, Chan, Andrew T., Cruz-Correa, Marcia, Lindblom, Annika, Hunter, David J., Joshi, Amit D., Schafmayer, Clemens, Scacheri, Peter C., Kundaje, Anshul, Schoen, Robert E., Hampe, Jochen, Stadler, Zsofia K., Vodicka, Pavel, Vodickova, Ludmila, Vymetalkova, Veronika, Edlund, Christopher K., Gauderman, W. James, Shibata, David, Toland, Amanda, Markowitz, Sanford, Kim, Andre, Chanock, Stephen J., van Duijnhoven, Franzel, Feskens, Edith J. M., Sakoda, Lori C., Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, Wolk, Alicja, Pardini, Barbara, FitzGerald, Liesel M., Lee, Soo Chin, Ogino, Shuji, Bien, Stephanie A., Kooperberg, Charles, Li, Christopher I., Lin, Yi, Prentice, Ross, Qu, Conghui, Bézieau, Stéphane, Yamaji, Taiki, Sawada, Norie, Iwasaki, Motoki, Le Marchand, Loic, Wu, Anna H., Qu, Chenxu, McNeil, Caroline E., Coetzee, Gerhard, Hayward, Caroline, Deary, Ian J., Harris, Sarah E., Theodoratou, Evropi, Reid, Stuart, Walker, Marion, Ooi, Li Yin, Lau, Ken S., Zhao, Hongyu, Hsu, Li, Cai, Qiuyin, Dunlop, Malcolm G., Gruber, Stephen B., Houlston, Richard S., Moreno, Victor, Casey, Graham, Peters, Ulrike, Tomlinson, Ian, and Zheng, Wei

Published
2024
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14. Linking High-Harmonic Generation and Strong-Field Ionization in Bulk Crystals

Author

Jürgens, Peter, Abbing, Sylvianne D. C. Roscam, Mero, Mark, Brown, Graham G., Vrakking, Marc J. J., Mermillod-Blondin, Alexandre, Kraus, Peter M., and Husakou, Anton

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

The generation of high-order harmonics in bulk solids subjected to intense ultrashort laser pulses has opened up new avenues for research in extreme nonlinear optics and light-matter interaction on sub-cycle timescales. Despite significant advancement over the past decade, a complete understanding of the involved phenomena is still lacking. High-harmonic generation in solids is currently understood as arising from nonlinear intraband currents, interband recollision and ionization-related phenomena. As all of these mechanisms involve or rely upon laser-driven excitation we combine measurements of the angular dependence of nonlinear absorption and high-order harmonic generation in bulk crystals to demonstrate the relation between high-harmonic emission and nonlinear, laser-induced ionization in solids. An unambiguous correlation between the emission of harmonics and laser-induced ionization is found experimentally, that is supported by numerical solutions of the semiconductor Bloch equations and calculations of orientation-dependent ionization rates using maximally localized Wannier-functions.

Published
2023

15. Saliva-derived DNA is suitable for the detection of clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential

Author

Robert L. O’Reilly, Jared Burke, Philip Harraka, Paul Yeh, Kerryn Howlett, Kiarash Behrouzfar, Amanda Rewse, Helen Tsimiklis, Graham G. Giles, Kristen J. Bubb, Stephen J. Nicholls, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey

Subjects
Clonal haematopoiesis, CHIP, Somatic mutations, Next generation sequencing, Saliva, Blood, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) has been associated with many adverse health outcomes. However, further research is required to understand the critical genes and pathways relevant to CHIP subtypes, evaluate how CHIP clones evolve with time, and further advance functional characterisation and therapeutic studies. Large epidemiological studies are well placed to address these questions but often collect saliva rather than blood from participants. Paired saliva- and blood-derived DNA samples from 94 study participants were sequenced using a targeted CHIP-gene panel. The ten genes most frequently identified to carry CHIP-associated variants were analysed. Fourteen unique variants associated with CHIP, ten in DNMT3A, two in TP53 and two in TET2, were identified with a variant allele fraction (VAF) between 0.02 and 0.2 and variant depth ≥ 5 reads. Eleven of these CHIP-associated variants were detected in both the blood- and saliva-derived DNA sample. Three variants were detected in blood with a VAF > 0.02 but fell below this threshold in the paired saliva sample (VAF 0.008—0.013). Saliva-derived DNA is suitable for detecting CHIP-associated variants. Saliva can offer a cost-effective biospecimen that could both advance CHIP research and facilitate clinical translation into settings such as risk prediction, precision prevention, and treatment monitoring.

Published
2024
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16. Detection of differentially methylated CpGs between tumour and adjacent benign cells in diagnostic prostate cancer samples

Author

Liesel M. FitzGerald, Chol-hee Jung, Ee Ming Wong, JiHoon E. Joo, Julie K. Bassett, James G. Dowty, Xiaoyu Wang, James Y. Dai, Janet L. Stanford, Neil O’Callaghan, Tim Nottle, John Pedersen, Graham G. Giles, and Melissa C. Southey

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Differentially methylated CpG sites (dmCpGs) that distinguish prostate tumour from adjacent benign tissue could aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Previously, the identification of such dmCpGs has only been undertaken in radical prostatectomy (RP) samples and not primary diagnostic tumour samples (needle biopsy or transurethral resection of the prostate). We interrogated an Australian dataset comprising 125 tumour and 43 adjacent histologically benign diagnostic tissue samples, including 41 paired samples, using the Infinium Human Methylation450 BeadChip. Regression analyses of paired tumour and adjacent benign samples identified 2,386 significant dmCpGs (Bonferroni p

Published
2024
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17. The Impact of the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction on Student Self-Determination in Inclusive, Secondary Classrooms

Author

Raley, Sheida K., Shogren, Karrie A., Rifenbark, Graham G., Lane, Kathleen Lynne, and Pace, Jesse R.

Abstract

Previous research reported differences in student self-determination based on disability status. Specifically, students without disabilities consistently self-report higher self-determination compared with their peers with disabilities, suggesting differential opportunities and supports for self-determination exist within school contexts. To further examine potential differences in student self-determination, the present study examined the impact of an evidence-based practice designed to promote student self-determination, the "Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction" (SDLMI), on student self-determination outcomes when implemented in inclusive, secondary core content classrooms as a universal (i.e., Tier 1) support across an academic year. Findings suggested a relatively small change in overall self-determination during the first year of a multiyear study, but consistent patterns across students with and without disabilities. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Published
2021
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19. Lifetime ovulatory years and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: a multinational pooled analysis

Author

Fu, Zhuxuan, Brooks, Maria Mori, Irvin, Sarah, Jordan, Susan, Aben, Katja KH, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Bandera, Elisa V, Beckmann, Matthias W, Berchuck, Andrew, Brooks-Wilson, Angela, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Cook, Linda S, Cramer, Daniel W, Cushing-Haugen, Kara L, Doherty, Jennifer A, Ekici, Arif B, Fasching, Peter A, Fortner, Renée T, Gayther, Simon A, Gentry-Maharaj, Aleksandra, Giles, Graham G, Goode, Ellen L, Goodman, Marc T, Group, AOCS, Harris, Holly R, Hein, Alexander, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kiemeney, Lambertus A, Köbel, Martin, Kotsopoulos, Joanne, Le, Nhu D, Lee, Alice W, Matsuo, Keitaro, McGuire, Valerie, McLaughlin, John R, Menon, Usha, Milne, Roger L, Moysich, Kirsten B, Pearce, Celeste Leigh, Pike, Malcolm C, Qin, Bo, Ramus, Susan J, Riggan, Marjorie J, Rothstein, Joseph H, Schildkraut, Joellen M, Sieh, Weiva, Sutphen, Rebecca, Terry, Kathryn L, Thompson, Pamela J, Titus, Linda, van Altena, Anne M, White, Emily, Whittemore, Alice S, Wu, Anna H, Zheng, Wei, Ziogas, Argyrios, Taylor, Sarah E, Tang, Lu, Songer, Thomas, Wentzensen, Nicolas, Webb, Penelope M, Risch, Harvey A, and Modugno, Francesmary

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Rare Diseases, Clinical Research, Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Prevention, Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial, Ovarian Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Parity, Contraceptives, Oral, Case-Control Studies, AOCS Group, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundThe role of ovulation in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is supported by the consistent protective effects of parity and oral contraceptive use. Whether these factors protect through anovulation alone remains unclear. We explored the association between lifetime ovulatory years (LOY) and EOC.MethodsLOY was calculated using 12 algorithms. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated the association between LOY or LOY components and EOC among 26 204 control participants and 21 267 case patients from 25 studies. To assess whether LOY components act through ovulation suppression alone, we compared beta coefficients obtained from regression models with expected estimates assuming 1 year of ovulation suppression has the same effect regardless of source.ResultsLOY was associated with increased EOC risk (OR per year increase = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.009 to 1.020 to OR per year increase = 1.044, 95% CI = 1.041 to 1.048). Individual LOY components, except age at menarche, also associated with EOC. The estimated model coefficient for oral contraceptive use and pregnancies were 4.45 times and 12- to 15-fold greater than expected, respectively. LOY was associated with high-grade serous, low-grade serous, endometrioid, and clear cell histotypes (ORs per year increase = 1.054, 1.040, 1.065, and 1.098, respectively) but not mucinous tumors. Estimated coefficients of LOY components were close to expected estimates for high-grade serous but larger than expected for low-grade serous, endometrioid, and clear cell histotypes.ConclusionsLOY is positively associated with nonmucinous EOC. Differences between estimated and expected model coefficients for LOY components suggest factors beyond ovulation underlie the associations between LOY components and EOC in general and for non-HGSOC.

Published
2023

20. Associations of a Breast Cancer Polygenic Risk Score With Tumor Characteristics and Survival

Author

Lopes Cardozo, Josephine MN, Andrulis, Irene L, Bojesen, Stig E, Dörk, Thilo, Eccles, Diana M, Fasching, Peter A, Hooning, Maartje J, Keeman, Renske, Nevanlinna, Heli, Rutgers, Emiel JT, Easton, Douglas F, Hall, Per, Pharoah, Paul DP, van 't Veer, Laura J, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Ahearn, Thomas U, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Arndt, Volker, Auer, Paul L, Augustinsson, Annelie, Beane Freeman, Laura E, Becher, Heiko, Beckmann, Matthias W, Behrens, Sabine, Benitez, Javier, Bermisheva, Marina, Blomqvist, Carl, Bolla, Manjeet K, Bonanni, Bernardo, Boyle, Terry, Brenner, Hermann, Brucker, Sara Y, Brüning, Thomas, Burwinkel, Barbara, Buys, Saundra S, Camp, Nicola J, Canzian, Federico, Cardoso, Fatima, Castelao, Jose E, Cessna, Melissa H, Chan, Tsun L, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Choi, Ji-Yeob, Colonna, Sarah V, Copson, Ellen, Couch, Fergus J, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Czene, Kamila, Daly, Mary B, Dennis, Joe, Devilee, Peter, Drukker, Caroline A, Dunning, Alison M, Dwek, Miriam, Eliassen, A Heather, Engel, Christoph, Evans, D Gareth, Figueroa, Jonine D, Fletcher, Olivia, Flyger, Henrik, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, García-Closas, Montserrat, García-Sáenz, José A, Genkinger, Jeanine, Giles, Graham G, González-Neira, Anna, Guénel, Pascal, Gündert, Melanie, Hahnen, Eric, Haiman, Christopher A, Håkansson, Niclas, Hamann, Ute, Hartman, Mikael, Heemskerk-Gerritsen, Bernadette AM, Hein, Alexander, Ho, Weang-Kee, Hoppe, Reiner, Hopper, John L, Houlston, Richard S, Howell, Anthony, Hunter, David J, Ito, Hidemi, Jakubowska, Anna, Jernström, Helena, John, Esther M, Johnson, Nichola, Jones, Michael E, Joseph, Vijai, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kang, Daehee, Kim, Sung-Won, Kitahara, Cari M, Koppert, Linetta B, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Kraft, Peter, Kristensen, Vessela N, Kubelka-Sabit, Katerina, and Koutros, Stella

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Breast Cancer, Cancer, Good Health and Well Being, Female, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Breast, Breast Cancer Association Consortium and MINDACT Collaborators, Clinical Sciences, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

PurposeA polygenic risk score (PRS) consisting of 313 common genetic variants (PRS313) is associated with risk of breast cancer and contralateral breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the association of the PRS313 with clinicopathologic characteristics of, and survival following, breast cancer.MethodsWomen with invasive breast cancer were included, 98,397 of European ancestry and 12,920 of Asian ancestry, from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), and 683 women from the European MINDACT trial. Associations between PRS313 and clinicopathologic characteristics, including the 70-gene signature for MINDACT, were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. Associations of PRS313 (continuous, per standard deviation) with overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were evaluated with Cox regression, adjusted for clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment.ResultsThe PRS313 was associated with more favorable tumor characteristics. In BCAC, increasing PRS313 was associated with lower grade, hormone receptor-positive status, and smaller tumor size. In MINDACT, PRS313 was associated with a low risk 70-gene signature. In European women from BCAC, higher PRS313 was associated with better OS and BCSS: hazard ratio (HR) 0.96 (95% CI, 0.94 to 0.97) and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.94 to 0.98), but the association disappeared after adjustment for clinicopathologic characteristics (and treatment): OS HR, 1.01 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.05) and BCSS HR, 1.02 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.07). The results in MINDACT and Asian women from BCAC were consistent.ConclusionAn increased PRS313 is associated with favorable tumor characteristics, but is not independently associated with prognosis. Thus, PRS313 has no role in the clinical management of primary breast cancer at the time of diagnosis. Nevertheless, breast cancer mortality rates will be higher for women with higher PRS313 as increasing PRS313 is associated with an increased risk of disease. This information is crucial for modeling effective stratified screening programs.

Published
2023

21. A Real-Space Perspective on Dephasing in Solid-State High Harmonic Generation

Author

Brown, Graham G., Jiménez-Galán, Álvaro, Silva, Rui E. F., and Ivanov, Misha

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter
Abstract

We develop and demonstrate a fully real-space perspective on HHG in crystals. Due to Wannier-Stark localization induced on sub-cycle timescales in the presence of a strong field, real-space descriptions are natural for strongly driven solids. Our approach allows us to address the origin of the extremely short dephasing times, which appear necessary for agreement between experimental HHG measurements and theoretical calculations generally performed in reciprocal space. We develop a physically transparent model of real-space dephasing which relates its rate to the distance between different sites in a laser-driven lattice. Our approach leads to well-structured high harmonic spectra at the microscopic level, reproduces results of macroscopic propagation, and demonstrates that the requirement for ultrafast dephasing times stems from the need for suppressing recombination events with large electron-hole separations during radiative recombination., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2022

22. Observation of interband Berry phase in laser-driven crystals

Author

Uzan-Narovlansky, Ayelet J., Faeyrman, Lior, Brown, Graham G., Shames, Sergei, Narovlansky, Vladimir, Xiao, Jiewen, Arusi-Parpar, Talya, Kneller, Omer, Bruner, Barry D., Smirnova, Olga, Silva, Rui E. F., Yan, Binghai, Jiménez-Galán, Álvaro, Ivanov, Misha, and Dudovich, Nirit

Published
2024
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23. Initial tweet valence, abuse volume, and observer Dark Tetrad characteristics influence perceptions of female celebrity abuse on Twitter

Author

Christopher J. Hand, Joanne Ingram, Kayleigh Glover, Zara P. Brodie, and Graham G. Scott

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Research into relationships between victim-generated content, abuse received, and observer characteristics when considering Twitter abuse has been limited to male victims. We evaluated participant perceptions of female celebrity victims and abuse received on Twitter. We used a 3 (Initial Tweet Valence; negative, neutral, positive) × 2 (Abuse Volume; low, high) repeated measures design and online survey method. Participants were shown tweets generated by six female celebrities, counterbalanced such that each participant saw each celebrity in one Valence-Volume condition. Stimuli were presented across six ‘lists’ such that celebrity ‘victims’ could be rotated across Valence-Volume pairings. Participants rated—per target stimulus—the level of blame attributable to the victim and the perceived severity of the incident. Furthermore, participants were asked to complete a Dark Tetrad scale—measuring their Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy, and Sadism. Analyses determined that victim-blaming was influenced by victim Initial Tweet Valence (greater victim-blaming associated with more-negative content) and observer Machiavellianism. Perceived severity was influenced by victim Initial Tweet Valence, Volume of Abuse received, and observer Machiavellianism. Results were consistent with previous research involving male celebrity victims. Further research is needed to understand the contributions of participants’ hostile and benevolent sexism, as well as the role of victim attractiveness.

Published
2024
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24. Fine-mapping analysis including over 254,000 East Asian and European descendants identifies 136 putative colorectal cancer susceptibility genes

Author

Zhishan Chen, Xingyi Guo, Ran Tao, Jeroen R. Huyghe, Philip J. Law, Ceres Fernandez-Rozadilla, Jie Ping, Guochong Jia, Jirong Long, Chao Li, Quanhu Shen, Yuhan Xie, Maria N. Timofeeva, Minta Thomas, Stephanie L. Schmit, Virginia Díez-Obrero, Matthew Devall, Ferran Moratalla-Navarro, Juan Fernandez-Tajes, Claire Palles, Kitty Sherwood, Sarah E. W. Briggs, Victoria Svinti, Kevin Donnelly, Susan M. Farrington, James Blackmur, Peter G. Vaughan-Shaw, Xiao-Ou Shu, Yingchang Lu, Peter Broderick, James Studd, Tabitha A. Harrison, David V. Conti, Fredrick R. Schumacher, Marilena Melas, Gad Rennert, Mireia Obón-Santacana, Vicente Martín-Sánchez, Jae Hwan Oh, Jeongseon Kim, Sun Ha Jee, Keum Ji Jung, Sun-Seog Kweon, Min-Ho Shin, Aesun Shin, Yoon-Ok Ahn, Dong-Hyun Kim, Isao Oze, Wanqing Wen, Keitaro Matsuo, Koichi Matsuda, Chizu Tanikawa, Zefang Ren, Yu-Tang Gao, Wei-Hua Jia, John L. Hopper, Mark A. Jenkins, Aung Ko Win, Rish K. Pai, Jane C. Figueiredo, Robert W. Haile, Steven Gallinger, Michael O. Woods, Polly A. Newcomb, David Duggan, Jeremy P. Cheadle, Richard Kaplan, Rachel Kerr, David Kerr, Iva Kirac, Jan Böhm, Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, Pekka Jousilahti, Paul Knekt, Lauri A. Aaltonen, Harri Rissanen, Eero Pukkala, Johan G. Eriksson, Tatiana Cajuso, Ulrika Hänninen, Johanna Kondelin, Kimmo Palin, Tomas Tanskanen, Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo, Satu Männistö, Demetrius Albanes, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Edward Ruiz-Narvaez, Julie R. Palmer, Daniel D. Buchanan, Elizabeth A. Platz, Kala Visvanathan, Cornelia M. Ulrich, Erin Siegel, Stefanie Brezina, Andrea Gsur, Peter T. Campbell, Jenny Chang-Claude, Michael Hoffmeister, Hermann Brenner, Martha L. Slattery, John D. Potter, Kostas K. Tsilidis, Matthias B. Schulze, Marc J. Gunter, Neil Murphy, Antoni Castells, Sergi Castellví-Bel, Leticia Moreira, Volker Arndt, Anna Shcherbina, D. Timothy Bishop, Graham G. Giles, Melissa C. Southey, Gregory E. Idos, Kevin J. McDonnell, Zomoroda Abu-Ful, Joel K. Greenson, Katerina Shulman, Flavio Lejbkowicz, Kenneth Offit, Yu-Ru Su, Robert Steinfelder, Temitope O. Keku, Bethany van Guelpen, Thomas J. Hudson, Heather Hampel, Rachel Pearlman, Sonja I. Berndt, Richard B. Hayes, Marie Elena Martinez, Sushma S. Thomas, Paul D. P. Pharoah, Susanna C. Larsson, Yun Yen, Heinz-Josef Lenz, Emily White, Li Li, Kimberly F. Doheny, Elizabeth Pugh, Tameka Shelford, Andrew T. Chan, Marcia Cruz-Correa, Annika Lindblom, David J. Hunter, Amit D. Joshi, Clemens Schafmayer, Peter C. Scacheri, Anshul Kundaje, Robert E. Schoen, Jochen Hampe, Zsofia K. Stadler, Pavel Vodicka, Ludmila Vodickova, Veronika Vymetalkova, Christopher K. Edlund, W. James Gauderman, David Shibata, Amanda Toland, Sanford Markowitz, Andre Kim, Stephen J. Chanock, Franzel van Duijnhoven, Edith J. M. Feskens, Lori C. Sakoda, Manuela Gago-Dominguez, Alicja Wolk, Barbara Pardini, Liesel M. FitzGerald, Soo Chin Lee, Shuji Ogino, Stephanie A. Bien, Charles Kooperberg, Christopher I. Li, Yi Lin, Ross Prentice, Conghui Qu, Stéphane Bézieau, Taiki Yamaji, Norie Sawada, Motoki Iwasaki, Loic Le Marchand, Anna H. Wu, Chenxu Qu, Caroline E. McNeil, Gerhard Coetzee, Caroline Hayward, Ian J. Deary, Sarah E. Harris, Evropi Theodoratou, Stuart Reid, Marion Walker, Li Yin Ooi, Ken S. Lau, Hongyu Zhao, Li Hsu, Qiuyin Cai, Malcolm G. Dunlop, Stephen B. Gruber, Richard S. Houlston, Victor Moreno, Graham Casey, Ulrike Peters, Ian Tomlinson, and Wei Zheng

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 common genetic variants independently associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but the causal variants and target genes are mostly unknown. We sought to fine-map all known CRC risk loci using GWAS data from 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of East Asian and European ancestry. Our stepwise conditional analyses revealed 238 independent association signals of CRC risk, each with a set of credible causal variants (CCVs), of which 28 signals had a single CCV. Our cis-eQTL/mQTL and colocalization analyses using colorectal tissue-specific transcriptome and methylome data separately from 1299 and 321 individuals, along with functional genomic investigation, uncovered 136 putative CRC susceptibility genes, including 56 genes not previously reported. Analyses of single-cell RNA-seq data from colorectal tissues revealed 17 putative CRC susceptibility genes with distinct expression patterns in specific cell types. Analyses of whole exome sequencing data provided additional support for several target genes identified in this study as CRC susceptibility genes. Enrichment analyses of the 136 genes uncover pathways not previously linked to CRC risk. Our study substantially expanded association signals for CRC and provided additional insight into the biological mechanisms underlying CRC development.

Published
2024
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25. Student and Teacher Perceptions of Goal Attainment during Intervention with the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction

Author

Shogren, Karrie A., Hicks, Tyler A., Raley, Sheida K., Pace, Jesse R., Rifenbark, Graham G., and Lane, Kathleen Lynne

Abstract

A major instructional focus of interventions designed to promote self-determination, such as the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction (SDLMI), is to engage students in learning to set their goals, identify action plans, and evaluate their performances. However, little is known about how students define their goal attainment outcomes, or the degree to which students and teachers agree on the attainment of goals set using the SDLMI in inclusive general education classes. This study examined the relation between student and teacher ratings of goal attainment during the first semester of a longitudinal, cluster randomized controlled trial of the SDLMI, as well as the impact of student disability status and teacher supports for implementing the SDLMI (i.e., online resources vs. online resources + in-person coaching) on goal attainment. Findings suggested the feasibility of engaging students with and without disabilities in rating their goal attainment process during SDLMI in secondary schools, with kappa analysis indicating that, when credit is given for at least partial agreement between students and teachers, there is a fair amount of interrater agreement using conventional interpretation criteria. Importantly, however, conclusions drawn about the impact of student (i.e., disability status) and teacher factors (i.e., teacher implementation supports) on goal attainment outcomes are impacted by whether student or teaching ratings of goal attainment are utilized as the outcome measure. Implications for future research and practice are described. [For the Grantee Submission, see ED607065.]

Published
2021
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26. A genome-wide gene-environment interaction study of breast cancer risk for women of European ancestry

Author

Middha, Pooja, Wang, Xiaoliang, Behrens, Sabine, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Dennis, Joe, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Ahearn, Thomas U, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Arndt, Volker, Aronson, Kristan J, Auer, Paul L, Augustinsson, Annelie, Baert, Thaïs, Freeman, Laura E Beane, Becher, Heiko, Beckmann, Matthias W, Benitez, Javier, Bojesen, Stig E, Brauch, Hiltrud, Brenner, Hermann, Brooks-Wilson, Angela, Campa, Daniele, Canzian, Federico, Carracedo, Angel, Castelao, Jose E, Chanock, Stephen J, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Cordina-Duverger, Emilie, Couch, Fergus J, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Czene, Kamila, Dossus, Laure, Dugué, Pierre-Antoine, Eliassen, A Heather, Eriksson, Mikael, Evans, D Gareth, Fasching, Peter A, Figueroa, Jonine D, Fletcher, Olivia, Flyger, Henrik, Gabrielson, Marike, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, Giles, Graham G, González-Neira, Anna, Grassmann, Felix, Grundy, Anne, Guénel, Pascal, Haiman, Christopher A, Håkansson, Niclas, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Hankinson, Susan E, Harkness, Elaine F, Holleczek, Bernd, Hoppe, Reiner, Hopper, John L, Houlston, Richard S, Howell, Anthony, Hunter, David J, Ingvar, Christian, Isaksson, Karolin, Jernström, Helena, John, Esther M, Jones, Michael E, Kaaks, Rudolf, Keeman, Renske, Kitahara, Cari M, Ko, Yon-Dschun, Koutros, Stella, Kurian, Allison W, Lacey, James V, Lambrechts, Diether, Larson, Nicole L, Larsson, Susanna, Le Marchand, Loic, Lejbkowicz, Flavio, Li, Shuai, Linet, Martha, Lissowska, Jolanta, Martinez, Maria Elena, Maurer, Tabea, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Mulot, Claire, Murphy, Rachel A, Newman, William G, Nielsen, Sune F, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Norman, Aaron, O’Brien, Katie M, Olson, Janet E, Patel, Alpa V, Prentice, Ross, Rees-Punia, Erika, Rennert, Gad, Rhenius, Valerie, Ruddy, Kathryn J, and Sandler, Dale P

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Genomics, Human Genome, Estrogen, Cancer, Women's Health, Genetics, Prevention, Aging, Breast Cancer, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Adult, Female, Humans, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Breast Neoplasms, Bayes Theorem, Genome-Wide Association Study, Risk Factors, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Case-Control Studies, Breast cancer, Gene-environment interactions, Genetic epidemiology, European ancestry, CTS Consortium, ABCTB Investigators, kConFab Investigators, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundGenome-wide studies of gene-environment interactions (G×E) may identify variants associated with disease risk in conjunction with lifestyle/environmental exposures. We conducted a genome-wide G×E analysis of ~ 7.6 million common variants and seven lifestyle/environmental risk factors for breast cancer risk overall and for estrogen receptor positive (ER +) breast cancer.MethodsAnalyses were conducted using 72,285 breast cancer cases and 80,354 controls of European ancestry from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Gene-environment interactions were evaluated using standard unconditional logistic regression models and likelihood ratio tests for breast cancer risk overall and for ER + breast cancer. Bayesian False Discovery Probability was employed to assess the noteworthiness of each SNP-risk factor pairs.ResultsAssuming a 1 × 10-5 prior probability of a true association for each SNP-risk factor pairs and a Bayesian False Discovery Probability

Published
2023

27. Distinct Reproductive Risk Profiles for Intrinsic-Like Breast Cancer Subtypes: Pooled Analysis of Population-Based Studies

Author

Jung, Audrey Y, Ahearn, Thomas U, Behrens, Sabine, Middha, Pooja, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Arndt, Volker, Aronson, Kristan J, Augustinsson, Annelie, Freeman, Laura E Beane, Becher, Heiko, Brenner, Hermann, Canzian, Federico, Carey, Lisa A, Consortium, CTS, Czene, Kamila, Eliassen, A Heather, Eriksson, Mikael, Evans, D Gareth, Figueroa, Jonine D, Fritschi, Lin, Gabrielson, Marike, Giles, Graham G, Guénel, Pascal, Hadjisavvas, Andreas, Haiman, Christopher A, Håkansson, Niclas, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Hoppe, Reiner, Hopper, John L, Howell, Anthony, Hunter, David J, Hüsing, Anika, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Koutros, Stella, Kraft, Peter, Lacey, James V, Le Marchand, Loic, Lissowska, Jolanta, Loizidou, Maria A, Mannermaa, Arto, Maurer, Tabea, Murphy, Rachel A, Olshan, Andrew F, Olsson, Håkan, Patel, Alpa V, Perou, Charles M, Rennert, Gad, Shibli, Rana, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Southey, Melissa C, Stone, Jennifer, Tamimi, Rulla M, Teras, Lauren R, Troester, Melissa A, Truong, Thérèse, Vachon, Celine M, Wang, Sophia S, Wolk, Alicja, Wu, Anna H, Yang, Xiaohong R, Zheng, Wei, Dunning, Alison M, Pharoah, Paul DP, Easton, Douglas F, Milne, Roger L, Chatterjee, Nilanjan, Schmidt, Marjanka K, García-Closas, Montserrat, and Chang-Claude, Jenny

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer, Breast Cancer, Aging, Reproductive health and childbirth, Female, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Receptor, ErbB-2, Receptors, Progesterone, Receptors, Estrogen, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Tumor, CTS Consortium, Receptor, erbB-2, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundReproductive factors have been shown to be differentially associated with risk of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative breast cancer. However, their associations with intrinsic-like subtypes are less clear.MethodsAnalyses included up to 23 353 cases and 71 072 controls pooled from 31 population-based case-control or cohort studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium across 16 countries on 4 continents. Polytomous logistic regression was used to estimate the association between reproductive factors and risk of breast cancer by intrinsic-like subtypes (luminal A-like, luminal B-like, luminal B-HER2-like, HER2-enriched-like, and triple-negative breast cancer) and by invasiveness. All statistical tests were 2-sided.ResultsCompared with nulliparous women, parous women had a lower risk of luminal A-like, luminal B-like, luminal B-HER2-like, and HER2-enriched-like disease. This association was apparent only after approximately 10 years since last birth and became stronger with increasing time (odds ratio [OR] = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49 to 0.71; and OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.28 to 0.46 for multiparous women with luminal A-like tumors 20 to less than 25 years after last birth and 45 to less than 50 years after last birth, respectively). In contrast, parous women had a higher risk of triple-negative breast cancer right after their last birth (for multiparous women: OR = 3.12, 95% CI = 2.02 to 4.83) that was attenuated with time but persisted for decades (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.79 to 1.34, for multiparous women 25 to less than 30 years after last birth). Older age at first birth (Pheterogeneity < .001 for triple-negative compared with luminal A-like breast cancer) and breastfeeding (Pheterogeneity < .001 for triple-negative compared with luminal A-like breast cancer) were associated with lower risk of triple-negative breast cancer but not with other disease subtypes. Younger age at menarche was associated with higher risk of all subtypes; older age at menopause was associated with higher risk of luminal A-like but not triple-negative breast cancer. Associations for in situ tumors were similar to luminal A-like.ConclusionsThis large and comprehensive study demonstrates a distinct reproductive risk factor profile for triple-negative breast cancer compared with other subtypes, with implications for the understanding of disease etiology and risk prediction.

Published
2022

28. The yad and yeh fimbrial loci influence gene expression and virulence in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

Author

Laura A. Gonyar, Amber B. Sauder, Lindsay Mortensen, Graham G. Willsey, and Melissa M. Kendall

Subjects
EHEC, fimbriae, virulence regulation, virulence determinants, LEE, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

ABSTRACT Fimbriae are essential virulence factors for many bacterial pathogens. Fimbriae are extracellular structures that attach bacteria to surfaces. Thus, fimbriae mediate a critical step required for any pathogen to establish infection by anchoring a bacterium to host tissue. The human pathogen enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7encodes 16 fimbriae that may be important for EHEC to initiate infection and allow for productive expression of virulence traits important in later stages of infection, including a type III secretion system (T3SS) and Shiga toxin; however, the roles of most EHEC fimbriae are largely uncharacterized. Here, we provide evidence that two EHEC fimbriae, Yad and Yeh, modulate expression of diverse genes including genes encoding T3SS and Shiga toxin and that these fimbriae are required for robust colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. These findings reveal a significant and previously unappreciated role for fimbriae in bacterial pathogenesis as important determinants of virulence gene expression.IMPORTANCEFimbriae are extracellular proteinaceous structures whose defining role is to anchor bacteria to surfaces. This is a fundamental step for bacterial pathogens to establish infection in a host. Here, we show that the contributions of fimbriae to pathogenesis are more complex. Specifically, we demonstrate that fimbriae influence expression of virulence traits essential for disease progression in the intestinal pathogen enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria express multiple fimbriae; therefore, these findings may have broad implications for understanding how pathogens use fimbriae, beyond adhesion, to initiate infection and coordinate gene expression, which ultimately results in disease.

Published
2024
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29. Online self-presentation: Psychological predictors and outcomes

Author

Claire Wilson, Catherine V. Talbot, and Graham G. Scott

Subjects
Online self-presentation, Perfectionism, Cyberbullying, Rumination, Depressive symptoms, Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Telecommunication, TK5101-6720
Abstract

Internet technology has changed the way we interact, and online communication has become increasingly common. There is a need to know more about how individuals present and behave online. The study examined relationships between perfectionism (self-oriented, socially prescribed, other-oriented), online self-presentation types (idealised self, multiple selves and consistent self), cyberbullying experiences (victimisation and perpetration) and psychological outcomes (rumination and depressive symptoms). An online questionnaire measuring these variables was completed by 139 general population adults (91.2 % from the UK, 73 % female; age range 17–70 years; Mean = 33.32 SD = 13.76). Regression analysis showed a role of self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism in idealised self and multiple selves online presentation. Further, self-presentation was related to individuals’ likelihood to engage in cyberbullying as a perpetrator. Finally, self-presentation and cyberbullying perpetration were predictive of rumination and depressive symptoms. The findings provide insight into adults’ online behaviour and related outcomes thus contributing to our understanding of the psychology within online interactions.

Published
2024
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30. Copy Number Variants Are Ovarian Cancer Risk Alleles at Known and Novel Risk Loci

Author

DeVries, Amber A, Dennis, Joe, Tyrer, Jonathan P, Peng, Pei-Chen, Coetzee, Simon G, Reyes, Alberto L, Plummer, Jasmine T, Davis, Brian D, Chen, Stephanie S, Dezem, Felipe Segato, Aben, Katja KH, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antonenkova, Natalia N, Beckmann, Matthias W, Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia, Berchuck, Andrew, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bogdanova-Markov, Nadja, Brenton, James D, Butzow, Ralf, Campbell, Ian, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Cook, Linda S, DeFazio, Anna, Doherty, Jennifer A, Dörk, Thilo, Eccles, Diana M, Eliassen, A Heather, Fasching, Peter A, Fortner, Renée T, Giles, Graham G, Goode, Ellen L, Goodman, Marc T, Gronwald, Jacek, Webb, P, DeFazio, A, Friedlander, M, Obermair, A, Grant, P, Nagle, C, Beesley, V, Chevenix-Trench, G, Bowtell, D, Blomfield, P, Brand, A, Davis, A, Leung, Y, Nicklin, J, Quinn, M, Livingstone, K, O'Neill, H, Williams, M, Black, A, Hadley, A, Glasgow, A, Garrett, A, Rao, A, Shannon, C, Steer, C, Allen, D, Neesham, D, Otton, G, Au-Yeung, G, Goss, G, Wain, G, Gard, G, Robertson, G, Lombard, J, Tan, J, McNeilage, J, Power, J, Coward, J, Miller, J, Carter, J, Lamont, J, Wong, KM, Reid, K, Perrin, L, Milishkin, L, Nascimento, M, Buck, M, Bunting, M, Harrison, M, Chetty, N, Hacker, N, McNally, O, Harnett, P, Beale, P, Awad, R, Mohan, R, Farrell, R, McIntosh, R, Rome, R, Sayer, R, Houghton, R, Hogg, R, Land, R, Baron-Hay, S, and Paramasivum, S

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Human Genome, Genetic Testing, Clinical Research, Ovarian Cancer, Rare Diseases, Prevention, Women's Health, Cancer, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Female, Humans, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial, Genome-Wide Association Study, Alleles, DNA Copy Number Variations, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Ovarian Neoplasms, OPAL Study Group, AOCS Group, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundKnown risk alleles for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) account for approximately 40% of the heritability for EOC. Copy number variants (CNVs) have not been investigated as EOC risk alleles in a large population cohort.MethodsSingle nucleotide polymorphism array data from 13 071 EOC cases and 17 306 controls of White European ancestry were used to identify CNVs associated with EOC risk using a rare admixture maximum likelihood test for gene burden and a by-probe ratio test. We performed enrichment analysis of CNVs at known EOC risk loci and functional biofeatures in ovarian cancer-related cell types.ResultsWe identified statistically significant risk associations with CNVs at known EOC risk genes; BRCA1 (PEOC = 1.60E-21; OREOC = 8.24), RAD51C (Phigh-grade serous ovarian cancer [HGSOC] = 5.5E-4; odds ratio [OR]HGSOC = 5.74 del), and BRCA2 (PHGSOC = 7.0E-4; ORHGSOC = 3.31 deletion). Four suggestive associations (P

Published
2022

31. Physical activity, sedentary time and breast cancer risk: a Mendelian randomisation study

Author

Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C, Lewis, Sarah J, Martin, Richard M, English, Dallas R, Boyle, Terry, Giles, Graham G, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Dennis, Joe, Lush, Michael, Investigators, ABCTB, Ahearn, Thomas U, Ambrosone, Christine B, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Arndt, Volker, Aronson, Kristan J, Augustinsson, Annelie, Auvinen, Päivi, Freeman, Laura E Beane, Becher, Heiko, Beckmann, Matthias W, Behrens, Sabine, Bermisheva, Marina, Blomqvist, Carl, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bojesen, Stig E, Bonanni, Bernardo, Brenner, Hermann, Brüning, Thomas, Buys, Saundra S, Camp, Nicola J, Campa, Daniele, Canzian, Federico, Castelao, Jose E, Cessna, Melissa H, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chanock, Stephen J, Clarke, Christine L, Conroy, Don M, Couch, Fergus J, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Czene, Kamila, Daly, Mary B, Devilee, Peter, Dörk, Thilo, Dwek, Miriam, Eccles, Diana M, Eliassen, A Heather, Engel, Christoph, Eriksson, Mikael, Evans, D Gareth, Fasching, Peter A, Fletcher, Olivia, Flyger, Henrik, Fritschi, Lin, Gabrielson, Marike, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, García-Closas, Montserrat, García-Sáenz, José A, Goldberg, Mark S, Guénel, Pascal, Gündert, Melanie, Hahnen, Eric, Haiman, Christopher A, Häberle, Lothar, Håkansson, Niclas, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Hart, Steven N, Harvie, Michelle, Hillemanns, Peter, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Hooning, Maartje J, Hoppe, Reiner, Hopper, John, Howell, Anthony, Hunter, David J, Jakubowska, Anna, Janni, Wolfgang, John, Esther M, Jung, Audrey, Kaaks, Rudolf, Keeman, Renske, Kitahara, Cari M, Koutros, Stella, Kraft, Peter, Kristensen, Vessela N, Kubelka-Sabit, Katerina, Kurian, Allison W, Lacey, James V, Lambrechts, Diether, Le Marchand, Loic, Lindblom, Annika, Loibl, Sibylle, Lubiński, Jan, Mannermaa, Arto, and Manoochehri, Mehdi

Subjects
Aging, Genetics, Breast Cancer, Clinical Research, Cancer, Prevention, Female, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Exercise, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Factors, Sedentary Behavior, Breast Cancer Association Consortium, Breast, Physical activity, Sedentary Behaviour, Engineering, Medical and Health Sciences, Education, Sport Sciences
Abstract

ObjectivesPhysical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are associated with higher breast cancer risk in observational studies, but ascribing causality is difficult. Mendelian randomisation (MR) assesses causality by simulating randomised trial groups using genotype. We assessed whether lifelong physical activity or sedentary time, assessed using genotype, may be causally associated with breast cancer risk overall, pre/post-menopause, and by case-groups defined by tumour characteristics.MethodsWe performed two-sample inverse-variance-weighted MR using individual-level Breast Cancer Association Consortium case-control data from 130 957 European-ancestry women (69 838 invasive cases), and published UK Biobank data (n=91 105-377 234). Genetic instruments were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated in UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer-measured overall physical activity (nsnps=5) or sedentary time (nsnps=6), or accelerometer-measured (nsnps=1) or self-reported (nsnps=5) vigorous physical activity.ResultsGreater genetically-predicted overall activity was associated with lower breast cancer overall risk (OR=0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42 to 0.83 per-standard deviation (SD;~8 milligravities acceleration)) and for most case-groups. Genetically-predicted vigorous activity was associated with lower risk of pre/perimenopausal breast cancer (OR=0.62; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.87,≥3 vs. 0 self-reported days/week), with consistent estimates for most case-groups. Greater genetically-predicted sedentary time was associated with higher hormone-receptor-negative tumour risk (OR=1.77; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.92 per-SD (~7% time spent sedentary)), with elevated estimates for most case-groups. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses examining pleiotropy (including weighted-median-MR, MR-Egger).ConclusionOur study provides strong evidence that greater overall physical activity, greater vigorous activity, and lower sedentary time are likely to reduce breast cancer risk. More widespread adoption of active lifestyles may reduce the burden from the most common cancer in women.

Published
2022

32. Incorporating progesterone receptor expression into the PREDICT breast prognostic model

Author

Grootes, Isabelle, Keeman, Renske, Blows, Fiona M, Milne, Roger L, Giles, Graham G, Swerdlow, Anthony J, Fasching, Peter A, Abubakar, Mustapha, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Beckmann, Matthias W, Blomqvist, Carl, Bojesen, Stig E, Bolla, Manjeet K, Bonanni, Bernardo, Briceno, Ignacio, Burwinkel, Barbara, Camp, Nicola J, Castelao, Jose E, Choi, Ji-Yeob, Clarke, Christine L, Couch, Fergus J, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Czene, Kamila, Devilee, Peter, Dörk, Thilo, Dunning, Alison M, Dwek, Miriam, Easton, Douglas F, Eccles, Diana M, Eriksson, Mikael, Ernst, Kristina, Evans, D Gareth, Figueroa, Jonine D, Fink, Visnja, Floris, Giuseppe, Fox, Stephen, Gabrielson, Marike, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, García-Sáenz, José A, González-Neira, Anna, Haeberle, Lothar, Haiman, Christopher A, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Harkness, Elaine F, Hartman, Mikael, Hein, Alexander, Hooning, Maartje J, Hou, Ming-Feng, Howell, Sacha J, Investigators, ABCTB, Investigators, kConFab, Ito, Hidemi, Jakubowska, Anna, Janni, Wolfgang, John, Esther M, Jung, Audrey, Kang, Daehee, Kristensen, Vessela N, Kwong, Ava, Lambrechts, Diether, Li, Jingmei, Lubiński, Jan, Manoochehri, Mehdi, Margolin, Sara, Matsuo, Keitaro, Taib, Nur Aishah Mohd, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Nevanlinna, Heli, Newman, William G, Offit, Kenneth, Osorio, Ana, Park, Sue K, Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won, Patel, Alpa V, Presneau, Nadege, Pylkäs, Katri, Rack, Brigitte, Radice, Paolo, Rennert, Gad, Romero, Atocha, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Sawyer, Elinor J, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Schochter, Fabienne, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Shen, Chen-Yang, Shibli, Rana, Sinn, Peter, Tapper, William J, Tawfiq, Essa, Teo, Soo Hwang, Teras, Lauren R, Torres, Diana, Vachon, Celine M, van Deurzen, Carolien HM, Wendt, Camilla, and Williams, Justin A

Subjects
Cancer, Breast Cancer, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Progesterone, Prognosis, Receptor, ErbB-2, Receptors, Progesterone, PREDICT Breast, breast cancer, Progesterone receptor, ABCTB Investigators, kConFab Investigators, Receptor, erbB-2, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Public Health and Health Services, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundPredict Breast (www.predict.nhs.uk) is an online prognostication and treatment benefit tool for early invasive breast cancer. The aim of this study was to incorporate the prognostic effect of progesterone receptor (PR) status into a new version of PREDICT and to compare its performance to the current version (2.2).MethodThe prognostic effect of PR status was based on the analysis of data from 45,088 European patients with breast cancer from 49 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratio for PR status. Data from a New Zealand study of 11,365 patients with early invasive breast cancer were used for external validation. Model calibration and discrimination were used to test the model performance.ResultsHaving a PR-positive tumour was associated with a 23% and 28% lower risk of dying from breast cancer for women with oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative and ER-positive breast cancer, respectively. The area under the ROC curve increased with the addition of PR status from 0.807 to 0.809 for patients with ER-negative tumours (p = 0.023) and from 0.898 to 0.902 for patients with ER-positive tumours (p = 2.3 × 10-6) in the New Zealand cohort. Model calibration was modest with 940 observed deaths compared to 1151 predicted.ConclusionThe inclusion of the prognostic effect of PR status to PREDICT Breast has led to an improvement of model performance and more accurate absolute treatment benefit predictions for individual patients. Further studies should determine whether the baseline hazard function requires recalibration.

Published
2022

33. Real-space perspective on dephasing in solid-state high harmonic generation

Author

Graham G. Brown, Álvaro Jiménez-Galán, Rui E. F. Silva, and Misha Ivanov

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We develop and demonstrate a fully real-space perspective on high harmonic generation (HHG) in crystals. Due to the Wannier-Stark localization induced on subcycle timescales in the presence of a strong field, real-space descriptions are natural for strongly driven solids. Our approach allows us to address the origin of the extremely short dephasing times, which appear necessary for agreement between experimental HHG measurements and theoretical calculations generally performed in reciprocal space. We develop a physically transparent model of real-space dephasing which relates its rate to the distance between different sites in a laser-driven lattice. Our approach leads to well-structured high harmonic spectra at the microscopic level, reproduces the results of macroscopic propagation, and demonstrates that the requirement for ultrafast dephasing times stems from the need for suppressing recombination events with large electron-hole separations during radiative recombination.

Published
2024
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34. Genome-Wide Interaction Analysis of Genetic Variants With Menopausal Hormone Therapy for Colorectal Cancer Risk.

Author

Tian, Yu, Kim, Andre E, Bien, Stephanie A, Lin, Yi, Qu, Conghui, Harrison, Tabitha A, Carreras-Torres, Robert, Díez-Obrero, Virginia, Dimou, Niki, Drew, David A, Hidaka, Akihisa, Huyghe, Jeroen R, Jordahl, Kristina M, Morrison, John, Murphy, Neil, Obón-Santacana, Mireia, Ulrich, Cornelia M, Ose, Jennifer, Peoples, Anita R, Ruiz-Narvaez, Edward A, Shcherbina, Anna, Stern, Mariana C, Su, Yu-Ru, van Duijnhoven, Franzel JB, Arndt, Volker, Baurley, James W, Berndt, Sonja I, Bishop, D Timothy, Brenner, Hermann, Buchanan, Daniel D, Chan, Andrew T, Figueiredo, Jane C, Gallinger, Steven, Gruber, Stephen B, Harlid, Sophia, Hoffmeister, Michael, Jenkins, Mark A, Joshi, Amit D, Keku, Temitope O, Larsson, Susanna C, Le Marchand, Loic, Li, Li, Giles, Graham G, Milne, Roger L, Nan, Hongmei, Nassir, Rami, Ogino, Shuji, Budiarto, Arif, Platz, Elizabeth A, Potter, John D, Prentice, Ross L, Rennert, Gad, Sakoda, Lori C, Schoen, Robert E, Slattery, Martha L, Thibodeau, Stephen N, Van Guelpen, Bethany, Visvanathan, Kala, White, Emily, Wolk, Alicja, Woods, Michael O, Wu, Anna H, Campbell, Peter T, Casey, Graham, Conti, David V, Gunter, Marc J, Kundaje, Anshul, Lewinger, Juan Pablo, Moreno, Victor, Newcomb, Polly A, Pardamean, Bens, Thomas, Duncan C, Tsilidis, Konstantinos K, Peters, Ulrike, Gauderman, W James, Hsu, Li, and Chang-Claude, Jenny

Subjects
Humans, Colorectal Neoplasms, Estrogens, Progestins, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Menopause, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Female, Aging, Digestive Diseases, Estrogen, Colo-Rectal Cancer, Genetics, Prevention, Human Genome, Clinical Research, Cancer, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundThe use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) may interact with genetic variants to influence colorectal cancer (CRC) risk.MethodsWe conducted a genome-wide, gene-environment interaction between single nucleotide polymorphisms and the use of any MHT, estrogen only, and combined estrogen-progestogen therapy with CRC risk, among 28 486 postmenopausal women (11 519 CRC patients and 16 967 participants without CRC) from 38 studies, using logistic regression, 2-step method, and 2- or 3-degree-of-freedom joint test. A set-based score test was applied for rare genetic variants.ResultsThe use of any MHT, estrogen only and estrogen-progestogen were associated with a reduced CRC risk (odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64 to 0.78; OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.79; and OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.59 to 0.90, respectively). The 2-step method identified a statistically significant interaction between a GRIN2B variant rs117868593 and MHT use, whereby MHT-associated CRC risk was statistically significantly reduced in women with the GG genotype (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.64 to 0.72) but not within strata of GC or CC genotypes. A statistically significant interaction between a DCBLD1 intronic variant at 6q22.1 (rs10782186) and MHT use was identified by the 2-degree-of-freedom joint test. The MHT-associated CRC risk was reduced with increasing number of rs10782186-C alleles, showing odds ratios of 0.78 (95% CI = 0.70 to 0.87) for TT, 0.68 (95% CI = 0.63 to 0.73) for TC, and 0.66 (95% CI = 0.60 to 0.74) for CC genotypes. In addition, 5 genes in rare variant analysis showed suggestive interactions with MHT (2-sided P

Published
2022

35. Student and Teacher Perceptions of Goal Attainment during Intervention with the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction

Author

Shogren, Karrie A., Hicks, Tyler A., Raley, Sheida K., Pace, Jesse R., Rifenbark, Graham G., and Lane, Kathleen Lynne

Abstract

A major instructional focus of interventions designed to promote self-determination, such as the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction (SDLMI), is to engage students in learning to set their goals, identify action plans, and evaluate their performance. However, little is known about how students define their goal attainment outcomes, or the degree to which students and teachers agree the attainment of goal set using the SDLMI in inclusive general education classes. This study examined the relation between student and teacher ratings of goal attainment during the first semester of a longitudinal, cluster randomized controlled trial of the SDLMI, as well as the impact of student disability status and teacher supports for implementing the SDLMI (i.e., online resources versus online resources + in-person coaching) on goal attainment. Findings suggested the feasibility of engaging students with and without disabilities in rating their goal attainment process during SDLMI instruction in secondary schools, with Kappa analysis indicating that, when credit is given for at least partial agreement between students and teachers, there is a fair amount of inter-rater agreement using conventional interpretation criteria. Importantly, however, conclusions drawn about the impact of student (i.e., disability status) and teacher factors (i.e., teacher implementation supports) on goal attainment outcomes are impacted by whether student or teaching ratings of goal attainment are utilized as the outcome measure. Implications for future research and practice are described. [This paper will be published in the "Journal of Special Education."]

Published
2020
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36. The Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction: Promoting Implementation Fidelity

Author

Shogren, Karrie A., Raley, Sheida K., Rifenbark, Graham G., Lane, Kathleen Lynne, Bojanek, Erin K., Karpur, Arun, and Quirk, Carol

Abstract

There has been an increased focus on the tenets of implementation science in special education research, namely on the degree to which interventions are implemented as intended (i.e., fidelity of implementation) and factors that influence fidelity of implementation. For complex interventions, such as the "Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction" (SDLMI), there is an ongoing need to refine conceptualizations of fidelity of implementation the factors that influence it in inclusive educational contexts. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is two-fold: (a) to describe a framework for conceptualizing fidelity of implementation factors that influence fidelity when evaluating a complex intervention like the SDLMI and (b) to present initial content validity and internal consistency of a new measure designed to assess specific aspects of fidelity of implementation of the SDLMI in inclusive, general education classrooms. Implications and future directions for research in implementation science, special education, and self-determination interventions are described. [This paper will be published in "Inclusion."]

Published
2020
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37. Aided by Extant Data: The Effect of Peer Mentoring on Achievement for College Students with Disabilities

Author

Lombardi, Allison, Rifenbark, Graham G., Monahan, Jessica, Tarconish, Emily, and Rhoads, Christopher

Abstract

While peer mentor programs for students with disabilities in higher education are increasing in prevalence, the research examining the effectiveness of these programs remains limited. In this study, the effect of one college peer mentoring program on academic performance at a small, private four-year university was examined. The sample was drawn from all students registered with the Office of Disability Services (n = 287), some of whom participated in a peer mentoring intervention as well as a comparison group comprised of non-participants. In light of the observational nature of the data, propensity score weighting and matching were used to adjust for possible confounding variables and to explore robustness to different methodological approaches. Logistic and linear regression methods were used to examine the effect of peer mentoring on academic probation status and grade point average (GPA), respectively, while incorporating propensity score-based adjustments. There were no significant differences between the intervention and comparison groups for either outcome; however, intervention group students had a statistically significantly higher number of accommodations available to them. The study illustrates that extant data, when used in conjunction with appropriate statistical adjustments, is a viable alternative to randomized studies. Implications for higher education researchers and practitioners are discussed, including suggestions to collect various types of non-academic data (e.g., satisfaction, well-being, self-determination surveys) as well as examine structural factors of the program (e.g., mentor-mentee relationships, mentor training) in order to better understand the possible benefits of peer mentor programs and the need for collaborative partnerships between disability services, student affairs, researchers, and institutional research staff.

Published
2020

38. Integrative multi-omics analyses to identify the genetic and functional mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer risk regions

Author

Dareng, Eileen O., Coetzee, Simon G., Tyrer, Jonathan P., Peng, Pei-Chen, Rosenow, Will, Chen, Stephanie, Davis, Brian D., Dezem, Felipe Segato, Seo, Ji-Heui, Nameki, Robbin, Reyes, Alberto L., Aben, Katja K.H., Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antonenkova, Natalia N., Aravantinos, Gerasimos, Bandera, Elisa V., Beane Freeman, Laura E., Beckmann, Matthias W., Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia, Benitez, Javier, Bernardini, Marcus Q., Bjorge, Line, Black, Amanda, Bogdanova, Natalia V., Bolton, Kelly L., Brenton, James D., Budzilowska, Agnieszka, Butzow, Ralf, Cai, Hui, Campbell, Ian, Cannioto, Rikki, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chanock, Stephen J., Chen, Kexin, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Chiew, Yoke-Eng, Cook, Linda S., DeFazio, Anna, Dennis, Joe, Doherty, Jennifer A., Dörk, Thilo, du Bois, Andreas, Dürst, Matthias, Eccles, Diana M., Ene, Gabrielle, Fasching, Peter A., Flanagan, James M., Fortner, Renée T., Fostira, Florentia, Gentry-Maharaj, Aleksandra, Giles, Graham G., Goodman, Marc T., Gronwald, Jacek, Haiman, Christopher A., Håkansson, Niclas, Heitz, Florian, Hildebrandt, Michelle A.T., Høgdall, Estrid, Høgdall, Claus K., Huang, Ruea-Yea, Jensen, Allan, Jones, Michael E., Kang, Daehee, Karlan, Beth Y., Karnezis, Anthony N., Kelemen, Linda E., Kennedy, Catherine J., Khusnutdinova, Elza K., Kiemeney, Lambertus A., Kjaer, Susanne K., Kupryjanczyk, Jolanta, Labrie, Marilyne, Lambrechts, Diether, Larson, Melissa C., Le, Nhu D., Lester, Jenny, Li, Lian, Lubiński, Jan, Lush, Michael, Marks, Jeffrey R., Matsuo, Keitaro, May, Taymaa, McLaughlin, John R., McNeish, Iain A., Menon, Usha, Missmer, Stacey, Modugno, Francesmary, Moffitt, Melissa, Monteiro, Alvaro N., Moysich, Kirsten B., Narod, Steven A., Nguyen-Dumont, Tu, Odunsi, Kunle, Olsson, Håkan, Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte, Park, Sue K., Pejovic, Tanja, Permuth, Jennifer B., Piskorz, Anna, Prokofyeva, Darya, Riggan, Marjorie J., Risch, Harvey A., Rodríguez-Antona, Cristina, Rossing, Mary Anne, Sandler, Dale P., Setiawan, V. Wendy, Shan, Kang, Song, Honglin, Southey, Melissa C., Steed, Helen, Sutphen, Rebecca, Swerdlow, Anthony J., Teo, Soo Hwang, Terry, Kathryn L., Thompson, Pamela J., Vestrheim Thomsen, Liv Cecilie, Titus, Linda, Trabert, Britton, Travis, Ruth, Tworoger, Shelley S., Valen, Ellen, Van Nieuwenhuysen, Els, Edwards, Digna Velez, Vierkant, Robert A., Webb, Penelope M., Weinberg, Clarice R., Weise, Rayna Matsuno, Wentzensen, Nicolas, White, Emily, Winham, Stacey J., Wolk, Alicja, Woo, Yin-Ling, Wu, Anna H., Yan, Li, Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Zeinomar, Nur, Zheng, Wei, Ziogas, Argyrios, Berchuck, Andrew, Goode, Ellen L., Huntsman, David G., Pearce, Celeste L., Ramus, Susan J., Sellers, Thomas A., Freedman, Matthew L., Lawrenson, Kate, Schildkraut, Joellen M., Hazelett, Dennis, Plummer, Jasmine T., Kar, Siddhartha, Jones, Michelle R., Pharoah, Paul D.P., and Gayther, Simon A.

Published
2024
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41. Combining Asian and European genome-wide association studies of colorectal cancer improves risk prediction across racial and ethnic populations

Author

Thomas, Minta, Su, Yu-Ru, Rosenthal, Elisabeth A., Sakoda, Lori C., Schmit, Stephanie L., Timofeeva, Maria N., Chen, Zhishan, Fernandez-Rozadilla, Ceres, Law, Philip J., Murphy, Neil, Carreras-Torres, Robert, Diez-Obrero, Virginia, van Duijnhoven, Franzel J. B., Jiang, Shangqing, Shin, Aesun, Wolk, Alicja, Phipps, Amanda I., Burnett-Hartman, Andrea, Gsur, Andrea, Chan, Andrew T., Zauber, Ann G., Wu, Anna H., Lindblom, Annika, Um, Caroline Y., Tangen, Catherine M., Gignoux, Chris, Newton, Christina, Haiman, Christopher A., Qu, Conghui, Bishop, D. Timothy, Buchanan, Daniel D., Crosslin, David R., Conti, David V., Kim, Dong-Hyun, Hauser, Elizabeth, White, Emily, Siegel, Erin, Schumacher, Fredrick R., Rennert, Gad, Giles, Graham G., Hampel, Heather, Brenner, Hermann, Oze, Isao, Oh, Jae Hwan, Lee, Jeffrey K., Schneider, Jennifer L., Chang-Claude, Jenny, Kim, Jeongseon, Huyghe, Jeroen R., Zheng, Jiayin, Hampe, Jochen, Greenson, Joel, Hopper, John L., Palmer, Julie R., Visvanathan, Kala, Matsuo, Keitaro, Matsuda, Koichi, Jung, Keum Ji, Li, Li, Le Marchand, Loic, Vodickova, Ludmila, Bujanda, Luis, Gunter, Marc J., Matejcic, Marco, Jenkins, Mark A., Slattery, Martha L., D’Amato, Mauro, Wang, Meilin, Hoffmeister, Michael, Woods, Michael O., Kim, Michelle, Song, Mingyang, Iwasaki, Motoki, Du, Mulong, Udaltsova, Natalia, Sawada, Norie, Vodicka, Pavel, Campbell, Peter T., Newcomb, Polly A., Cai, Qiuyin, Pearlman, Rachel, Pai, Rish K., Schoen, Robert E., Steinfelder, Robert S., Haile, Robert W., Vandenputtelaar, Rosita, Prentice, Ross L., Küry, Sébastien, Castellví-Bel, Sergi, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Berndt, Sonja I., Lee, Soo Chin, Brezina, Stefanie, Weinstein, Stephanie J., Chanock, Stephen J., Jee, Sun Ha, Kweon, Sun-Seog, Vadaparampil, Susan, Harrison, Tabitha A., Yamaji, Taiki, Keku, Temitope O., Vymetalkova, Veronika, Arndt, Volker, Jia, Wei-Hua, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Lin, Yi, Ahn, Yoon-Ok, Stadler, Zsofia K., Van Guelpen, Bethany, Ulrich, Cornelia M., Platz, Elizabeth A., Potter, John D., Li, Christopher I., Meester, Reinier, Moreno, Victor, Figueiredo, Jane C., Casey, Graham, Lansdorp Vogelaar, Iris, Dunlop, Malcolm G., Gruber, Stephen B., Hayes, Richard B., Pharoah, Paul D. P., Houlston, Richard S., Jarvik, Gail P., Tomlinson, Ian P., Zheng, Wei, Corley, Douglas A., Peters, Ulrike, and Hsu, Li

Published
2023
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44. A cross-sectional study of inflammatory markers as determinants of circulating kynurenines in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium

Author

Midttun, Øivind, Ulvik, Arve, Meyer, Klaus, Zahed, Hana, Giles, Graham G., Manjer, Jonas, Sandsveden, Malte, Langhammer, Arnulf, Sørgjerd, Elin Pettersen, Behndig, Annelie F., Johansson, Mikael, Freedman, Neal D., Huang, Wen-Yi, Chen, Chu, Prentice, Ross, Stevens, Victoria L., Wang, Ying, Le Marchand, Loïc, Weinstein, Stephanie J., Cai, Qiuyin, Arslan, Alan A., Chen, Yu, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Zheng, Wei, Yuan, Jian-Min, Koh, Woon-Puay, Visvanathan, Kala, Sesso, Howard D., Zhang, Xuehong, Gaziano, J. Michael, Fanidi, Anouar, Robbins, Hilary A., Brennan, Paul, Johansson, Mattias, and Ueland, Per M.

Published
2023
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45. Unexpected sequel to the application of silver fluoride followed by stannous fluoride to an open carious lesion in a primary molar: A case report

Author

Graham G. Craig and Jeffrey X. Shi

Subjects
caries surface, silver fluoride, Dentistry, RK1-715
Abstract

Abstract Objectives The use of silver fluoride followed by stannous fluoride was designed for the treatment of open carious lesions in primary molars in dental outreach programs. However, during the COVID‐19 pandemic when aerosol‐producing procedures were inadvisable, one dental location started using it as the first stage in a two‐visit restorative procedure for carious primary molars. If the gap between the fluoride application and the restoration placement stages was around 3–5 weeks it was noticed that a black friable crust appeared on the caries surface. To investigate further a normally discarded crust from one patient was retrieved and sent for analysis. Materials and Methods Two techniques suitable for identification and preliminary analysis of material of unknown composition, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used. The only preparation was that the specimen was dried and coated beforehand. Results and Conclusions This preliminary examination showed two unexpected findings. The first was that the crust surface indicated a possible dentine derivation as it was covered with reasonably evenly spaced holes. In addition, the EDS spectrum showed it to be, at least, partially mineralized. The second unexpected finding was that the surface was coated with electron‐dense particles. The size of the particles and the EDS spectrum pointed to the likelihood of the majority of them being nanosilver. These unexpected findings suggest a possible new direction for research.

Published
2024
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46. Correction: Polygenic risk modeling for prediction of epithelial ovarian cancer risk

Author

Dareng, Eileen O, Tyrer, Jonathan P, Barnes, Daniel R, Jones, Michelle R, Yang, Xin, Aben, Katja KH, Adank, Muriel A, Agata, Simona, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antonenkova, Natalia N, Aravantinos, Gerasimos, Arun, Banu K, Augustinsson, Annelie, Balmaña, Judith, Bandera, Elisa V, Barkardottir, Rosa B, Barrowdale, Daniel, Beckmann, Matthias W, Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia, Benitez, Javier, Bermisheva, Marina, Bernardini, Marcus Q, Bjorge, Line, Black, Amanda, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bonanni, Bernardo, Borg, Ake, Brenton, James D, Budzilowska, Agnieszka, Butzow, Ralf, Buys, Saundra S, Cai, Hui, Caligo, Maria A, Campbell, Ian, Cannioto, Rikki, Cassingham, Hayley, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chanock, Stephen J, Chen, Kexin, Chiew, Yoke-Eng, Chung, Wendy K, Claes, Kathleen BM, Colonna, Sarah, Cook, Linda S, Couch, Fergus J, Daly, Mary B, Dao, Fanny, Davies, Eleanor, de la Hoya, Miguel, de Putter, Robin, Dennis, Joe, DePersia, Allison, Devilee, Peter, Diez, Orland, Ding, Yuan Chun, Doherty, Jennifer A, Domchek, Susan M, Dörk, Thilo, du Bois, Andreas, Dürst, Matthias, Eccles, Diana M, Eliassen, Heather A, Engel, Christoph, Evans, Gareth D, Fasching, Peter A, Flanagan, James M, Fortner, Renée T, Machackova, Eva, Friedman, Eitan, Ganz, Patricia A, Garber, Judy, Gensini, Francesca, Giles, Graham G, Glendon, Gord, Godwin, Andrew K, Goodman, Marc T, Greene, Mark H, Gronwald, Jacek, Hahnen, Eric, Haiman, Christopher A, Håkansson, Niclas, Hamann, Ute, Hansen, Thomas VO, Harris, Holly R, Hartman, Mikael, Heitz, Florian, Hildebrandt, Michelle AT, Høgdall, Estrid, Høgdall, Claus K, Hopper, John L, Huang, Ruea-Yea, Huff, Chad, Hulick, Peter J, Huntsman, David G, Imyanitov, Evgeny N, Isaacs, Claudine, Jakubowska, Anna, James, Paul A, and Janavicius, Ramunas

Subjects
GEMO Study Collaborators, GC-HBOC Study Collaborators, EMBRACE Collaborators, OPAL Study Group, AOCS Group, KConFab Investigators, HEBON Investigators, OCAC Consortium, CIMBA Consortium, Genetics, Clinical Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Published
2022

47. Trans Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Analysis of 12 Prospective Cohort Studies in the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE).

Author

Lai, Heidi TM, Imamura, Fumiaki, Korat, Andres V Ardisson, Murphy, Rachel A, Tintle, Nathan, Bassett, Julie K, Chen, Jiaying, Kröger, Janine, Chien, Kuo-Liong, Senn, Mackenzie, Wood, Alexis C, Forouhi, Nita G, Schulze, Matthias B, Harris, William S, Vasan, Ramachandran S, Hu, Frank, Giles, Graham G, Hodge, Allison, Djousse, Luc, Brouwer, Ingeborg A, Qian, Frank, Sun, Qi, Wu, Jason HY, Marklund, Matti, Lemaitre, Rozenn N, Siscovick, David S, Fretts, Amanda M, Shadyab, Aladdin H, Manson, JoAnn E, Howard, Barbara V, Robinson, Jennifer G, Wallace, Robert B, Wareham, Nick J, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Rotter, Jerome I, Tsai, Michael Y, Micha, Renata, and Mozaffarian, Dariush

Subjects
Epidemiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Diabetes, Clinical Research, Metabolic and endocrine, Adolescent, Adult, Biomarkers, Cohort Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Fatty Acids, Humans, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Trans Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium, Medical and Health Sciences, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

ObjectiveTrans fatty acids (TFAs) have harmful biologic effects that could increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but evidence remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the prospective associations of TFA biomarkers and T2D by conducting an individual participant-level pooled analysis.Research design and methodsWe included data from an international consortium of 12 prospective cohorts and nested case-control studies from six nations. TFA biomarkers were measured in blood collected between 1990 and 2008 from 25,126 participants aged ≥18 years without prevalent diabetes. Each cohort conducted de novo harmonized analyses using a prespecified protocol, and findings were pooled using inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was explored by prespecified between-study and within-study characteristics.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 13.5 years, 2,843 cases of incident T2D were identified. In multivariable-adjusted pooled analyses, no significant associations with T2D were identified for trans/trans-18:2, relative risk (RR) 1.09 (95% CI 0.94-1.25); cis/trans-18:2, 0.89 (0.73-1.07); and trans/cis-18:2, 0.87 (0.73-1.03). Trans-16:1n-9, total trans-18:1, and total trans-18:2 were inversely associated with T2D (RR 0.81 [95% CI 0.67-0.99], 0.86 [0.75-0.99], and 0.84 [0.74-0.96], respectively). Findings were not significantly different according to prespecified sources of potential heterogeneity (each P ≥ 0.1).ConclusionsCirculating individual trans-18:2 TFA biomarkers were not associated with risk of T2D, while trans-16:1n-9, total trans-18:1, and total trans-18:2 were inversely associated. Findings may reflect the influence of mixed TFA sources (industrial vs. natural ruminant), a general decline in TFA exposure due to policy changes during this period, or the relatively limited range of TFA levels.

Published
2022

48. Polygenic risk modeling for prediction of epithelial ovarian cancer risk

Author

Dareng, Eileen O, Tyrer, Jonathan P, Barnes, Daniel R, Jones, Michelle R, Yang, Xin, Aben, Katja KH, Adank, Muriel A, Agata, Simona, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antonenkova, Natalia N, Aravantinos, Gerasimos, Arun, Banu K, Augustinsson, Annelie, Balmaña, Judith, Bandera, Elisa V, Barkardottir, Rosa B, Barrowdale, Daniel, Beckmann, Matthias W, Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia, Benitez, Javier, Bermisheva, Marina, Bernardini, Marcus Q, Bjorge, Line, Black, Amanda, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bonanni, Bernardo, Borg, Ake, Brenton, James D, Budzilowska, Agnieszka, Butzow, Ralf, Buys, Saundra S, Cai, Hui, Caligo, Maria A, Campbell, Ian, Cannioto, Rikki, Cassingham, Hayley, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chanock, Stephen J, Chen, Kexin, Chiew, Yoke-Eng, Chung, Wendy K, Claes, Kathleen BM, Colonna, Sarah, Cook, Linda S, Couch, Fergus J, Daly, Mary B, Dao, Fanny, Davies, Eleanor, de la Hoya, Miguel, de Putter, Robin, Dennis, Joe, DePersia, Allison, Devilee, Peter, Diez, Orland, Ding, Yuan Chun, Doherty, Jennifer A, Domchek, Susan M, Dörk, Thilo, du Bois, Andreas, Dürst, Matthias, Eccles, Diana M, Eliassen, Heather A, Engel, Christoph, Evans, Gareth D, Fasching, Peter A, Flanagan, James M, Fortner, Renée T, Machackova, Eva, Friedman, Eitan, Ganz, Patricia A, Garber, Judy, Gensini, Francesca, Giles, Graham G, Glendon, Gord, Godwin, Andrew K, Goodman, Marc T, Greene, Mark H, Gronwald, Jacek, Hahnen, Eric, Haiman, Christopher A, Håkansson, Niclas, Hamann, Ute, Hansen, Thomas VO, Harris, Holly R, Hartman, Mikael, Heitz, Florian, Hildebrandt, Michelle AT, Høgdall, Estrid, Høgdall, Claus K, Hopper, John L, Huang, Ruea-Yea, Huff, Chad, Hulick, Peter J, Huntsman, David G, Imyanitov, Evgeny N, Isaacs, Claudine, Jakubowska, Anna, James, Paul A, and Janavicius, Ramunas

Subjects
Prevention, Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Rare Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Bayes Theorem, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, Ovarian Neoplasms, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, GEMO Study Collaborators, GC-HBOC Study Collaborators, EMBRACE Collaborators, OPAL Study Group, AOCS Group, KConFab Investigators, HEBON Investigators, OCAC Consortium, CIMBA Consortium, Genetics, Clinical Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have the potential to improve risk stratification. Joint estimation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) effects in models could improve predictive performance over standard approaches of PRS construction. Here, we implemented computationally efficient, penalized, logistic regression models (lasso, elastic net, stepwise) to individual level genotype data and a Bayesian framework with continuous shrinkage, "select and shrink for summary statistics" (S4), to summary level data for epithelial non-mucinous ovarian cancer risk prediction. We developed the models in a dataset consisting of 23,564 non-mucinous EOC cases and 40,138 controls participating in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC) and validated the best models in three populations of different ancestries: prospective data from 198,101 women of European ancestries; 7,669 women of East Asian ancestries; 1,072 women of African ancestries, and in 18,915 BRCA1 and 12,337 BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers of European ancestries. In the external validation data, the model with the strongest association for non-mucinous EOC risk derived from the OCAC model development data was the S4 model (27,240 SNPs) with odds ratios (OR) of 1.38 (95% CI: 1.28-1.48, AUC: 0.588) per unit standard deviation, in women of European ancestries; 1.14 (95% CI: 1.08-1.19, AUC: 0.538) in women of East Asian ancestries; 1.38 (95% CI: 1.21-1.58, AUC: 0.593) in women of African ancestries; hazard ratios of 1.36 (95% CI: 1.29-1.43, AUC: 0.592) in BRCA1 pathogenic variant carriers and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.35-1.64, AUC: 0.624) in BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers. Incorporation of the S4 PRS in risk prediction models for ovarian cancer may have clinical utility in ovarian cancer prevention programs.

Published
2022

49. $R^2$/Higgs inflation and the hierarchy problem

Author

Ferreira, Pedro G., Hill, Christopher T., Noller, Johannes, and Ross, Graham G.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We analyse Starobinsky inflation in the presence of the Brout Englert Higgs (BEH) boson with a non-minimal coupling to the Ricci scalar, $R$. The latter induces a coupling of the massive scaleron associated with the $R^2$ term to the BEH boson and this leads to a radiative correction to the BEH mass that must be fine tuned to keep the scalar light. For the case of $R^2$ driven inflation this requires a high level of fine tuning of order 1 part in $10^{8}$; for the case of Higgs inflation it is very much greater. We consider a scale invariant extension of the $R^2$/Higgs model and find that for $R^2$ driven inflation but not for Higgs inflation the required fine tuning is significantly reduced to one part in $10^{3-4}$. We consider the vacuum stability of the fine tuned model and its reheating and dilaton abundance after inflation. We also discuss possible gravitational wave signals associated with the model and the constraint on the mass of scalar or fermion dark matter candidates if they are produced by the gravitational couplings of the scalaron.

Published
2021

50. Probing the diabetes and colorectal cancer relationship using gene – environment interaction analyses

Author

Dimou, Niki, Kim, Andre E., Flanagan, Orlagh, Murphy, Neil, Diez-Obrero, Virginia, Shcherbina, Anna, Aglago, Elom K., Bouras, Emmanouil, Campbell, Peter T., Casey, Graham, Gallinger, Steven, Gruber, Stephen B., Jenkins, Mark A., Lin, Yi, Moreno, Victor, Ruiz-Narvaez, Edward, Stern, Mariana C., Tian, Yu, Tsilidis, Kostas K., Arndt, Volker, Barry, Elizabeth L., Baurley, James W., Berndt, Sonja I., Bézieau, Stéphane, Bien, Stephanie A., Bishop, D. Timothy, Brenner, Hermann, Budiarto, Arif, Carreras-Torres, Robert, Cenggoro, Tjeng Wawan, Chan, Andrew T., Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chanock, Stephen J., Chen, Xuechen, Conti, David V., Dampier, Christopher H., Devall, Matthew, Drew, David A., Figueiredo, Jane C., Giles, Graham G., Gsur, Andrea, Harrison, Tabitha A., Hidaka, Akihisa, Hoffmeister, Michael, Huyghe, Jeroen R., Jordahl, Kristina, Kawaguchi, Eric, Keku, Temitope O., Larsson, Susanna C., Le Marchand, Loic, Lewinger, Juan Pablo, Li, Li, Mahesworo, Bharuno, Morrison, John, Newcomb, Polly A., Newton, Christina C., Obon-Santacana, Mireia, Ose, Jennifer, Pai, Rish K., Palmer, Julie R., Papadimitriou, Nikos, Pardamean, Bens, Peoples, Anita R., Pharoah, Paul D. P., Platz, Elizabeth A., Potter, John D., Rennert, Gad, Scacheri, Peter C., Schoen, Robert E., Su, Yu-Ru, Tangen, Catherine M., Thibodeau, Stephen N., Thomas, Duncan C., Ulrich, Cornelia M., Um, Caroline Y., van Duijnhoven, Franzel J. B., Visvanathan, Kala, Vodicka, Pavel, Vodickova, Ludmila, White, Emily, Wolk, Alicja, Woods, Michael O., Qu, Conghui, Kundaje, Anshul, Hsu, Li, Gauderman, W. James, Gunter, Marc J., and Peters, Ulrike

Published
2023
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