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Varicocele is a venous anomaly characterized by the enlargement of the plexus of veins in the testicle. In pediatric cases, indications for surgical intervention in varicocele include palpable dilatation of the enlargement of the plexus veins, intermittent pain in the ipsilateral testicle, and a 20% reduction in size of the ipsilateral testicle compared to the contralateral healthy one. The limitations of evaluating these criteria and the need to assess semen parameters prompt clinicians to explore new diagnostic methods for timely surgical interventions in adolescents. One such promising study involves Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in the Near-infrared range. The aim of the research is to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of NIRS in children with varicocele to determine the indications for surgical intervention. The study included 65 boys aged 11 to 17 years with left-sided grade III varicocele (main group) and 29 healthy boys as a control group. Monitoring of regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) of testicular tissues was conducted using optical spectroscopy. NIRS examination of testicular tissues in both study and control groups showed statistically homogeneous data for regional oxygen saturation in the healthy (right) testicle. However, the NIRS study revealed significantly lower oxygen saturation (rSO2) in the testicular tissue of the left testicle in patients with varicocele compared to the control group. The diagnostic significance of the difference in bilateral NIRS monitoring Δ rSO2 >13% reliably characterized the presence of testicular hypotrophy by more than 20% compared to the healthy contralateral side (AUC=0.64, 95% CI (0.505-0.775), sensitivity – 79%, specificity – 50%, p=0.042). Δ rSO2 >11% values indicated disturbances in spermogram related to oxidative stress (AUC=0.702, 95% DI (0.51-0.88), sensitivity – 82%, specificity – 61%, p=0.031). Therefore, NIRS study data have potential valuable information for the diagnosis and selection of treatment for varicocele in children. The research utilizing Near-infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy revealed a significant potential of this method for diagnosing and assessing the impact of varicocele on the microcirculation of testicular tissue in children. The diagnostic significance of the difference in bilateral monitoring using this non-invasive technique in determining the state of testicles and the possibility of addressing the question of the necessity of surgical intervention is established.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with a poor prognosis. Of the two types, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major and most prevalent type and associated with low response rates to the current treatment options. Sorafenib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for various malignancies, gained attention for its potential efficacy in NSCLC. This review paper focuses on the findings of recent in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies regarding the efficacy of sorafenib. Overall, sorafenib has shown definitive therapeutic potential in NSCLC cell lines, xenografts, and human subjects. Novel approaches to sorafenib delivery may improve its efficacy and should be the focus of further studies.

The purpose of this article is to consider the geopolitical significance of the Arctic region, as well as the role of consulting in the implementation of strategic investment projects in the development of Arctic territories. The novelty of the work consists in updating data on the specifics of activities in the Arctic region, analyzing current associated risks and assessing the feasibility of attracting external experts to provide consulting services within the framework of project implementation. The implementation of strategic investment projects in the Arctic region has several specific aspects that lead to the emergence of various risks. For example, only Russian oil companies transport liquefied gas and oil in ice, which is an extremely complex process. Therefore, for timely identification, as well as elimination / minimization of associated risks, it is necessary to involve appropriate experts. In particular, when implementing projects in the Arctic zone, it is advisable to involve specialized consultants. The practical significance of the work is to analyze the activities of leading consulting companies and identify current trends in the development of the consulting services market in the Arctic region. During the study, the authors concluded that it is impossible to attract foreign consulting companies to implement strategic projects in the Arctic region due to the presence of political and economic risks. The article notes the need to create domestic consulting companies that have broad competencies in solving problems related to the implementation of strategic projects in the Arctic region. These prerequisites can be used to conduct further research on the topic under consideration. Thus, it is necessary to create a separate training area in Russian universities, which will be aimed at training experts with knowledge of the specifics of working in the Arctic region. For the successful implementation of long-term projects in the Arctic region, it is necessary to train highly qualified experts with a wide range of knowledge about the geopolitical, economic and natural conditions of the Arctic region, who are able to participate as external consultants in the implementation of the national strategy for the development of the Arctic and projects of various levels of complexity.

Стаття присвячена теоретичним і педагогічним аспектам проблеми формування професійної культури майбутнього правника. У ній актуалізуються ідеї розробників декількох важливих для соціального сьогодення гуманітарно-наукових теоретичних конструкцій: юридичного вчення про професійну культуру юриста, вчення про правову свідомість, філософії й теорії конструктивізму, психологічної теорії самосвідомості («Я-концепції»), соціологічної концепції масового суспільства та деяких інших. Наголошується, що професійна культура юриста має бути одним із центральних об’єктів уваги для спільноти науковців і педагогів-правників. Констатується недостатній рівень студіювання і практичного педагогічного використання аутогенних аспектів формування зазначеного явища. Висловлюється переконання в тому, що зміст і ціннісне наповнення ідеальної моделі професійної культури юриста засвідчують елітарний характер юридичної професії, уможливлюють і навіть диктують актуалізацію аутогенних складових процесу формування і розвитку професійної культури правника. Стверджується, що професійна культура юриста як складова загальної культури сучасного суспільства зазнає деформуючого впливу процесу масовізації, суть якого полягає в примітивізації ціннісно-смислової структури суспільства. Свідоме й цілеспрямоване особистісне самоконструювання розглядається як контрверсивна практика щодо того вектора соціалізації індивіда, який пов’язаний з процесом масовізації. Самоконструювання трактується як творчий процес, що ґрунтується на розвиненій самосвідомості індивіда і має своїми складовими глибинне самопізнання, світоглядне самовизначення, цілеспрямовану самозміну, гармонізацію зазначених та інших субпроцесів. Постулюється, що стрижнем особистісного самоконструювання є самопізнання, яке пропонується розуміти як дію (конструювання), активну побудову особистістю моделі (картини) світу, в якій важливе й невід’ємне місце займає достатньою мірою відрефлексована власна Я-концепція індивіда. Процес особистісного самоконструювання розглядається в аспекті стадійності. Вказується головна педагогічна проблема практичної реалізації моделі формування професійної культури юриста, заснованої на принципах самоконструювання – пробудження у майбутнього правника потреби в самопізнанні та самозміні, формування відповідних пізнавальних і поведінкових настанов.

The paper substantiates and experimentally shows the possibility of anhydrous nitriding in a glow discharge (BATR) with AC power supply (AC), as well as the possibility of switching the shape of pulses, changing their polarity, which is solved by introducing a glow discharge nitriding device with a power source alternating current of a given frequency. The analysis of the results of metallographic studies of the modified layer indicated the presence of a more uniform gradient of hardness in depth (gradient decreased by 1.7 - 3.5 times), which increases the wear resistance of parts and quality indicators of strengthening parts while reducing processing costs and installation costs. At BATR in CCR with supply of current of industrial frequency the installation for realization of process becomes cheaper. The latter factor will contribute, among other aspects, to the wider introduction of BATR technologies. The use of alternating current affects the course and results of nitriding, as periodic changes in the polarity of the electrodes of the chamber contributes to the cleaning of the surface from the adsorption layer, which positively affects the nature of nitrogen saturation (gradient of microhardness times), contributes to a significant change in the phase composition of the surface modified layer and allows to expand the technological capabilities of nitriding in the direction of obtaining the required performance characteristics of working surfaces, in particular tribological characteristics

У статті актуалізуються ідеї розробників двох важливих для соціального сьогодення концепцій: суспільства споживання (масової культури, масової свідомості) та менталітету. На основі цих ідей окреслюються основні напрямки осмислення декількох усталених і потужних внутрішніх (культурно-психологічних) чинників, що детермінують розвиток сучасного українського суспільства, його правової та політичної систем. Такими чинниками для автора статті виступають національний менталітет і процес масовізації суспільства. Менталітет мислиться автором як глибинне і переважно невідрефлексоване соціально-психічне утворення, яке виявляє себе через типові для певної спільноти психологічні настанови й поведінкові стереотипи. Правовий менталітет трактується як функціональний вияв національного менталітету, детермінований колективно-психологічними явищами, що мають правове значення. Масовізація характеризується як тенденція розвитку суспільства, що спричинюється до формування і панування спрощеної, стереотипної системи цінностей і відповідних моделей мислення та поведінки. Стверджується, що масовізація активізує психологічний механізм розкріпачення глибинно-психологічних (ментальних) настанов. Осмислюються панівні ментальні настанови, які є історично усталеними в українському суспільстві (насамперед, анархійний індивідуалізм українців). Розглядається прояв цієї настанови в нормальних та екстремальних умовах життя суспільства. Констатується певна нейтралізація дії низки ментальних настанов в умовах війни (зокрема, так званого комплексу «меншовартості»). Охарактеризовані ключові загрози й ризики, що пов’язані з дією домінантних настанов менталітету українців в умовах прискореної масовізації суспільства та цивілізаційної нерозвиненості державних і громадських демократичних інституцій. Формування функціонально повноцінної еліти розглядається як ключовий чинник конструктивної реалізації українським суспільством особливостей національного менталітету. Наголошується важлива роль самоусвідомлення (самопізнання) в нейтралізації деструктивної дії національних ментальних структур в умовах масовізації сучасного суспільства.

Aim. To analyse the anthropogenic impacts of pipeline transport systems on the environment. The main objectives of the study include: determination of the typology of the impacts of pipeline geosystems, assessment of the geo-ecological risk for natural landscapes of the Voronezh Region and the development of geo-ecological mapping of the territory indicating the degrees of influence of pipeline transport on the environment.Material and Methods. In order to comprehensively assess the influence of the oil and gas economy, a method of fractional differentiation of the Voronezh Region has been developed for identifying regional zones according to the degree of environmental risk using a points system and subsequent calculations.Results. Geo-ecological zoning was developed of the risks of the impacts of the regional pipeline system on the environment together with the mapping of negative natural processes. An algorithm for methodical statistical calculation is proposed, including indicators of regional risk levels, the ratio of negative processes in the area of pipeline transportation, the degree of environmental friendliness of the pipeline system, and an integral indicator of the risks of influence of pipeline transport.Conclusions. The research revealed the geo-ecological situation in areas influenced by pipeline transport in the Voronezh Region. The authors have developed a program for the organisation of environmentally safe pipeline transport and have proposed an algorithm for using GIS technologies for quick analysis of the degree of risk. The rehabilitation of land disturbed by the regional pipeline system has also been taken into account and a program proposed to optimize the functioning of the system in the context of the region's social, ecological and economic challenges.

Currently, operation of gas turbine engines takes place in the aggressive medium of the atmosphere of some climatic regions. As a consequence, this may cause fast degradation of the strength properties of parts of gas turbine equipment and their subsequent premature failure. The problem of determining the life of gas turbine engine components under corrosive exposure is vital. We present an analysis of the state of the art in the field of assessment of gas turbine engine component life under the influence of corrosive environment in Russia and abroad. UEC-Aviadvigatel, FSUE “VIAM” and NPO “TSKTI” JSC formulated approaches to the development of the lifing process for engine parts operating in corrosive environment.

Under certain conditions, skin damage may be accompanied by a complication in the form of hypertrophic scars, keloids. A significant role in the pathogenesis of the development of keloids is attributed to immune mechanisms, neuro-endocrine disorders, hereditary factors. The most effective way to treat keloid scars is still surgical. At the same time, simple excision of keloid stimulates additional collagen synthesis, increases the risk of relapse. Traditionally used steroid drugs, metered pressure, X-rays and radiotherapy. However, these methods can lead to undesirable consequences, which justifies the search for new, less aggressive methods. To increase the effectiveness of treatment of keloids of the earlobe using a new medical complex consisting of cryotherapy, a course of injections of the drug based on hyaluronidase and a course of drawing of sulphide-peloid extracts. A study of the state of keloid scar after cryodestruction and subsequent use of the drug based on hyaluronidase was carried out in 14 people. The cryoexposure was carried out by the two-cycle method with an exposure time of 30 to 90 s. To increase the efficiency and improve the performance in the complex treatment, a spinner made of silt-sulfide peloids was used, whose components stimulate collagen resorption by fibroclasts. As a result of treatment, all patients showed a significant improvement: subsidence of paresthesia, itching, leveling the height of keloid in relation to unchanged skin. Findings. The results obtained allow us to recommend the proposed method for the introduction into the practice of cosmetologists and otorhinolaryngologists.

This article considers Western Europe as a principal centre that has been attracting migrants over recent decades, primarily, in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. The Baltic region states are chosen for demonstration. Although they have different proportions of Muslim immigrants, Muslim diasporas are the most numerous and rapidly growing ones in the Baltics. Undoubtedly, Muslim communities across the region enjoy certain similarities. The differences they have are explained, among other factors, by national policies towards migrant integration. This article aims to identify the features of Muslim migration to the Baltic States in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. The authors analyse the timeline of Muslim immigration to the Baltic region. It is stressed that, despite current difficulties, Germany and Finland are more successful in integrating immigrants than, for instance, Sweden and Denmark. Just like other Western European countries, the Baltic States have not developed a conceptual framework for their migration and integration policies towards Muslim immigrants. The authors describe possible Muslim integration scenarios — the Singaporean and Palestinian ones, simulation, and confrontation. Given their apparent conscientious refusal to adapt and integrate migrants, the Baltic States are most likely to face the Palestinian scenario.

In this work, the effect of the defect structure and the parameters of antireflection interference coatings based on alternating layers of Nb2O5/Al2O3 and Nb2O5/SiO2 layers on the laser-induced damage threshold of ZGP crystals under the action of Ho:YAG laser radiation at a wavelength of 2.097 μm was determined. Coating deposition was carried out using the ion-beam sputtering method. The laser-induced damage threshold of the sample with a coating based on alternating layers Nb2O5 and SiO2 was W0d = 1.8 J/cm2. The laser-induced damage threshold of the coated sample based on alternating layers of Nb2O5 and Al2O3 was W0d = 2.35 J/cm2. It has been found that the presence of silicon conglomerates in an interference antireflection coating leads to a decrease in the laser-induced damage threshold of a nonlinear crystal due to local mechanical stresses and the scattering of incident laser radiation.

Varicocele is a venous anomaly characterized by the enlargement of the plexus of veins in the testicle. In pediatric cases, indications for surgical intervention in varicocele include palpable dilatation of the enlargement of the plexus veins, intermittent pain in the ipsilateral testicle, and a 20% reduction in size of the ipsilateral testicle compared to the contralateral healthy one. The limitations of evaluating these criteria and the need to assess semen parameters prompt clinicians to explore new diagnostic methods for timely surgical interventions in adolescents. One such promising study involves Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in the Near-infrared range. The aim of the research is to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of NIRS in children with varicocele to determine the indications for surgical intervention. The study included 65 boys aged 11 to 17 years with left-sided grade III varicocele (main group) and 29 healthy boys as a control group. Monitoring of regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) of testicular tissues was conducted using optical spectroscopy. NIRS examination of testicular tissues in both study and control groups showed statistically homogeneous data for regional oxygen saturation in the healthy (right) testicle. However, the NIRS study revealed significantly lower oxygen saturation (rSO2) in the testicular tissue of the left testicle in patients with varicocele compared to the control group. The diagnostic significance of the difference in bilateral NIRS monitoring Δ rSO2 >13% reliably characterized the presence of testicular hypotrophy by more than 20% compared to the healthy contralateral side (AUC=0.64, 95% CI (0.505-0.775), sensitivity – 79%, specificity – 50%, p=0.042). Δ rSO2 >11% values indicated disturbances in spermogram related to oxidative stress (AUC=0.702, 95% DI (0.51-0.88), sensitivity – 82%, specificity – 61%, p=0.031). Therefore, NIRS study data have potential valuable information for the diagnosis and selection of treatment for varicocele in children. The research utilizing Near-infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy revealed a significant potential of this method for diagnosing and assessing the impact of varicocele on the microcirculation of testicular tissue in children. The diagnostic significance of the difference in bilateral monitoring using this non-invasive technique in determining the state of testicles and the possibility of addressing the question of the necessity of surgical intervention is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green infrastructure provides many different benefits for the environment and for human well-being. One of these benefits – protecting from noise pollution. The study of the deterioration of the ecological situation in cities is associated not only with the study of natural but also with physical environmental factors of natural and artificial origin. Increasingly, physical factors are defined as risk factors for the urban population and belong to the group of anthropogenic factors. Increased urbanization, mechanization of processes and the development of the transport network are intensifying influences for citizens. Territorial organization of the urban landscape in post-USSR cities, is quite complex and has signs of spontaneous formation, without protective function of green infrastructure from noise pollution. The aim of this research is to measure noise levels in Moskovsky district in Kharkiv, Ukraine. Kharkiv is a large industrial city and noise pollution is a considerable factor of influence on the environment. Based on these tasks, we have analyzed noise pollution in Moskovsky district in Kharkiv. Were identified 80 experimental points. Noise measurement was performed using an instrument “Digital Sound Level Meter”. Was made the noise maps for working day and weekend in the mornings and in the evenings. For mapping was used QGIS instrument interpolation. The normal level of noise for this district is 60-70 according to the Ukrainian normative document. The WHO recommends the level of noise less than 20-30 decibels. According to this also was analyzed the change in the noise level in the zones of green spaces and was studied the objects of green infrastructure witch reduce noise in the cities.

The exclusive role of culture and education in the modern strategy of sustainable development is emphasized. For so many centuries, culture and education had a distinct flavor of luxury and were available, as a rule, to a select few. Currently, there is a widespread expansion of culture and education, and indicators of upbringing and training have become the primary condition for the sustainable existence of society and the individual. The question arises: what is the hidden primacy of culture and education today? The authors call the answer to it moral postulates and enlightenment, which affect not only the human mind, but feelings and soul, giving rise to desires and actions that obey the will. It is concluded that ideals, beliefs and other qualitative characteristics of a person are the main regulators of sustainable social life. Thus, the role of culture and education is to implement social harmony and ensure the quality of life of people.

The article studies methodological approaches to the environmental assessment of the quality of the environment and the quality of the population of rural settlements. The components of the “rural environment” of life activity include the factors of life support of rural residents or are the resource potential that determine the viability and vitality of the rural environment. The polystructurality of the living environment forms a special functional regime within the boundaries of rural settlements and agricultural activities. At the present stage, the population of rural settlements is experiencing the following negative factors: an increase in morbidity, genetic disorders, mortality, complication of social relations, and economic decline. The life activity of a rural resident is closely interrelated with the natural environment, agricultural activities and has wide spatial boundaries, including various spectra: home, household, objects of agricultural activity. The result of the processing is the compilation of morphometric maps. The map is the basis for creating predictive models for the course of exogenous processes. A monitoring algorithm, which collects data according to the scheme of a typical random nest selection, is important for the environmental analysis of the living environment of rural residents. The sample range, which guarantees the survey of various features of rural settlements, is calculated according to the rules of the sampling method for 145 villages. Rural settlements within the Voronezh region with a population of more than 500 people were studied in terms of medical and demographic indicators.

Цель: изучить эффективность лечения химических ожогов пищевода у детей при различных степенях поражения. Материалы и методы. За последние семь лет в Днепропетровской областной детской клинической больнице находилось на лечении 192 ребенка с диагнозом «Химический ожог пищевода». Из них мальчиков было 108 (56,25%), девочек – 84 (43,75%), по возрасту преобладали дети 1–3 лет– 102 (53,1%). Повреждающим агентом при ожогах пищевода чаще были щелочи – 95 (49,47%). В большинстве случаев отмечалась вторая степень глубины поражения ожогов пищевода – у 71 (36,98%) детей. Лечение послеожоговых эзофагитов включало дезинтоксикационную терапию, обезболивание, промывание желудка, антибактериальную терапию, короткий курс кортикостероидов. Оценка состояния больных в первые сутки. В последующем проводилось восстановление проходимости пищевода с использованием инструментальных методов лечения: бужирование пищевода по направителю и дилятация. Результаты. В исследуемой группе пациентов проводилось бужирование пищевода по направителю. Применение данной методики в лечении больных с ожогами пищевода позволило значительно снизить количество рубцовых сужений пищевода, а осложнений в виде перфораций и медиастинитов не отмечалось. Выводы. Правильное оказание первичной помощи и выбор верной тактики диагностики и лечения пациентов с химическим ожогом пищевода способствует снижению осложнений и инвалидизации детей с данной патологией.

The content of ecological balance is indicated as the most important factor of modern social development. The multidimensional meaning of ecological balance, which reflects the real state of natural-anthropogenic interaction, is emphasized. The economic and humanitarian content of the ecological balance is revealed.

The article deals with current learning technologies and analyzes the characteristics necessary for successful systems operation based on modular environment. The experience of the preparation of engineering skills-based course «Operation and maintenance of machinery» with LMS has been shown.