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2. Human papillomavirus DNA prevalence and type distribution in anal carcinomas worldwide

Author

Alemany, Laia, Saunier, Maelle, Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel, Quiros, Beatriz, Salmeron, Jorge, Shin, Hai-Rim, Piróg, Edyta, Guimera, Nuria, Hernandez-Suarez, Gustavo, Felix, Ana, Clavero, Omar, Lloveras, Belen, Kasamatsu, Elena, Goodman, Marc, Hernandez, Brenda, Laco, Jan, Tinoco, Leopoldo, Geraets, Daan, Lynch, Charles, Mandys, Vaclav, Poljak, Mario, Jach, Robert, Verge, Josep, Clavel, Christine, Ndiaye, Cathy, Klaustermeier, JoEllen, Cubilla, Antonio, Castellsague, Xavier, Bravo, Ignacio, Pawlita, Michael, Quint, William, Munoz, Nubia, Bosch, Francesc, de Sanjose, Silvia, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), and Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)

Subjects
Male, Cancer Research, Human papillomavirus 16, anal cancer, Papillomavirus Infections, Middle Aged, Anus Neoplasms, Article, Cross-Sectional Studies, Oncology, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, vaccine, DNA, Viral, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Poisson Distribution, human papillomavirus, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Knowledge about human papillomaviruses (HPV) types involved in anal cancers in some world regions is scanty. Here, we describe the HPV DNA prevalence and type distribution in a series of invasive anal cancers and anal intraepithelial neoplasias (AIN) grades 2/3 from 24 countries. We analyzed 43 AIN 2/3 cases and 496 anal cancers diagnosed from 1986 to 2011. After histopathological evaluation of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, HPV DNA detection and genotyping was performed using SPF-10/DEIA/LiPA25 system (version 1). A subset of 116 cancers was further tested for p16INK4a expression, a cellular surrogate marker for HPV-associated transformation. Prevalence ratios were estimated using multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance in the anal cancer data set. HPV DNA was detected in 88.3% of anal cancers (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.1-91.0%) and in 95.3% of AIN 2/3 (95% CI: 84.2-99.4%). Among cancers, the highest prevalence was observed in warty-basaloid subtype of squamous cell carcinomas, in younger patients and in North American geographical region. There were no statistically significant differences in prevalence by gender. HPV16 was the most frequent HPV type detected in both cancers (80.7%) and AIN 2/3 lesions (75.4%). HPV18 was the second most common type in invasive cancers (3.6%). p16INK4a overexpression was found in 95% of HPV DNA-positive anal cancers. In view of the results of HPV DNA and high proportion of p16INK4a overexpression, infection by HPV is most likely to be a necessary cause for anal cancers in both men and women. The large contribution of HPV16 reinforces the potential impact of HPV vaccines in the prevention of these lesions. What's new? Human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to anal cancer through high HPV DNA-detection rates. Here, in one of the largest international studies to date, HPV DNA was detected in more than 88% of anal cancers and more than 95% of anal intraepithelial neoplasias grades 2/3. HPV16 was the most frequently detected virus type, followed by HPV18. Overexpression of p16INK4a, a surrogate marker for HPV-associated transformation, was found in 95% of HPV-positive anal cancers. The data implicate HPV as a causative factor in anal cancer. publishersversion published

Published
2015

5. Evaluation of a Novel Chlamydia trachomatisMicrosphere Suspension Assay for Detection and Genotyping of the Different Serovars in Clinical Samples

Author

Quint, Koen D., Geraets, Daan T., van den Munckhof, Henk A.M., de Koning, Maurits N.C., Smelov, Vitaly, Melchers, Willem J.G., de Vries, Henry J.C., Morré, Servaas A., Meijer, Chris J.M., van Alewijk, Dirk C.J.G., van Doorn, Leen-Jan, and Quint, Wim G.V.

Abstract

A novel Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct) microsphere suspension (MS) assay was evaluated for identification of the different serovars, using the same PCR primer set established for the Ct Detection and genoTyping assay. Both assays can detect and identify all 14 major serovars (A, B/Ba, C, D/Da, E, F, G/Ga, H, I/Ia, J, K, L1, L2/L2a, and L3) and one genovariant of serovar J. The probe specificity for the Ct-MS assay was determined using 14 Ct reference strains and 1 clinical isolate from a genovariant of serovar J. Also, the Ct-MS assay and the Ct detection and genoTyping assay were compared in 712 Ct-positive clinical samples. The Ct-MS assay showed a highly specific reaction for all probes with the amplicons of the reference strains, giving a very low background median fluorescence intensity signal (median fluorescence intensity = 10). An excellent overall agreement in the Ct detection (kappa = 0.947, 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 0.999; McNemar's test, P= 1.000) and the Ct genotyping (kappa = 0.993, 95% confidence interval, 0.977 to 1.000; McNemar's test, P= 0.053) was observed between the Ct detection and genoTyping (DT) assay and the Ct-MS assay. In conclusion, the novel Ct-MS assay permits simultaneous detection and genotyping of Ct serovars, making the Ct-MS assay an excellent high throughput method.

Published
2011
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