228 results on '"Gent University"'
Search Results
2. Communication practices in asylum seekers reception centres: from information precarity to voluntary return
- Author
-
1st Annual CESSMIR Conference: Needs and Care Practices for Refugees and Migrants (17-19-09-2018: CESSMIR, Gent University), Van Neste-Gottignies, Amandine, Mistiaen, Valériane Marie, 1st Annual CESSMIR Conference: Needs and Care Practices for Refugees and Migrants (17-19-09-2018: CESSMIR, Gent University), Van Neste-Gottignies, Amandine, and Mistiaen, Valériane Marie
- Abstract
This presentation studies the relation of communication constructed between the Belgian Federal Agency for the Reception of Asylum Seekers (Fedasil) and asylum seekers during the reception period. This research is the continuation of a previous study (Van Neste-Gottignies and Mistiaen, forthcoming 2018) revealing that Fedasil communication to asylum seekers is hardly visible. Asylum seekers are found to experience ‘information precarity’ (Wall et al. 2015). Although the ‘invisibility’ of reception discourses seems to prevail, there is an exception: communication regarding voluntary return programmes. This article aims to understand more deeply how and why this communication is predominant. We adopted a multi-site approach that combines various survey methods conducted between 2014 and 2017 with Corpus Linguistics tools. Our main finding lies in the differentiation of treatments according to asylum seekers’ country of origin. These differences seem to match the representation of the ‘legitimate refugee’ versus the ‘illegitimate refugee’., info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2018
3. The Multifaceted Inhibitory Effects of an Alkylquinolone on the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
- Author
-
Peter G. Kroth, Dávid Szamosvári, Benjamin Bailleul, Alexandra Peltekis, Bernard Lepetit, Adrien Lapointe, Thomas Böttcher, Frederike Stock, Michaela Prothiwa, Wim Vyverman, Lachlan Dow, University Hospital Rostock, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gent University, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Biologie du chloroplaste et perception de la lumière chez les micro-algues, Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 715579,PhotoPHYTOMICS, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
cytochromes ,Chloroplasts ,Mitochondrion ,Thylakoids ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Adenosine Triphosphate ,Marine bacteriophage ,diatom–bacteria interactions ,N-OXIDES ,[SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB] ,Plastids ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,MARINE ALTEROMONAS SP ,Full Paper ,biology ,Chemistry ,Full Papers ,Mitochondria ,3. Good health ,diatom-bacteria interactions ,Molecular Medicine ,cytochromes diatom-bacteria interactions photosynthesis quinolone respiration ,[SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology ,010402 general chemistry ,Photosynthesis ,PHOTOSYSTEM-II ,QUINOLONES ,ddc:570 ,Phaeodactylum tricornutum ,Plastid ,Molecular Biology ,Diatoms ,4-Quinolones ,photosynthesis ,QUANTUM YIELD ,010405 organic chemistry ,fungi ,Organic Chemistry ,PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA ,Biology and Life Sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Electron transport chain ,0104 chemical sciences ,reaction mechanisms ,Cytochrome b6f Complex ,Diatom ,quinolones ,Bacteria - Abstract
The mechanisms underlying interactions between diatoms and bacteria are crucial to understand diatom behaviour and proliferation, and can result in far‐reaching ecological consequences. Recently, 2‐alkyl‐4‐quinolones have been isolated from marine bacteria, both of which (the bacterium and isolated chemical) inhibited growth of microalgae, suggesting these compounds could mediate diatom–bacteria interactions. The effects of several quinolones on three diatom species have been investigated. The growth of all three was inhibited, with half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations reaching the sub‐micromolar range. By using multiple techniques, dual inhibition mechanisms were uncovered for 2‐heptyl‐4‐quinolone (HHQ) in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Firstly, photosynthetic electron transport was obstructed, primarily through inhibition of the cytochrome b 6 f complex. Secondly, respiration was inhibited, leading to repression of ATP supply to plastids from mitochondria through organelle energy coupling. These data clearly show how HHQ could modulate diatom proliferation in marine environments., Double trouble: In the light, 2‐heptyl‐4‐quinolone (HHQ) primarily blocks photosynthetic electron flow at the cytochrome b 6 f complex in the diatom P. tricornutum. In darkness, HHQ inhibits mitochondrial respiration, resulting in a decreased ATP supply, which ultimately leads to a decreased electric field strength in the thylakoid membranes inside the chloroplast of diatoms.
- Published
- 2020
4. Interdisciplinary science to support North Sea marine management: lessons learned and future demands
- Author
-
V. Van Lancker, E. Balian, B. De Witte, Karline Soetaert, Michael Elliott, T.A.G.P. van Dijk, H.J. Lindeboom, Francisco Hernandez, Vanessa Stelzenmüller, S. Van Gaever, D. Cox, Geneviève Lacroix, Henning Reiss, Silvana N.R. Birchenough, Steven Degraer, Jan Reubens, S. Le Bot, Gent University, Department of Biology, Department of Physcis and Astronomy, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), University of Hull, Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie et évolution, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Sociology of scientific knowledge ,Open science ,Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management ,Aquatic Science ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Interdisciplinary science ,Environmental monitoring ,Natural science ,14. Life underwater ,North sea ,Environmental planning ,business.industry ,Science-policy-stakeholder communication ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Citizen journalism ,System knowledge ,Aquatische Ecologie en Waterkwaliteitsbeheer ,Society-driven research ,Integrated knowledge bases ,Knowledge base ,13. Climate action ,Sustainability ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,business ,Science-based management - Abstract
(IF 2.39; Q1); International audience; The expected increase of maritime activities in the North Sea and the growing awareness of its natural environmental value require enhanced science-based environmental advice for more efficient and effective marine management. The North Sea Open Science Conference organised by the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences and the Belgian Biodiversity Platform in 2016 aimed to take stock of the present-day scientific knowledge on the North Sea ecosystem, its interactions with human activities and its management. The conference was structured along three themes: (1) ‘the scientific backbone of the North Sea ecosystem: adequacy of the knowledge base?’, (2) ‘A new era in environmental monitoring and assessment: what is at stake?’, and (3) ‘Sustainability: one for all, all for one?’. Focusing on ‘open science’, we welcomed about 200 participants from around the North Sea with different backgrounds and interests in environmental sciences. The participants were challenged to reflect on current and future challenges for the North Sea management and, in particular, to explore possible nature-friendly solutions for addressing these challenges during a series of introductory oral (69) and poster (59) presentations, and World Café and Fish Bowl participatory sessions. The participants agreed on six main actions to (1) provide a solid scientific base for marine management decisions; (2) develop society-driven research; (3) increase interdisciplinary science; (4) recognise the need for system knowledge; (5) improve communication, knowledge exchange, and collective implementation of scientific knowledge; and (6) build integrated knowledge bases. For each of these, concrete action points were identified, and this review gives the most important and relevant ones for creating the knowledge base and managerial framework for a sustainable North Sea.
- Published
- 2019
5. Using chemical language to shape future marine health
- Author
-
Philippe Potin, Georg Pohnert, Michael Steinke, Fabrice Not, Ylenia Carotenuto, Erik Selander, Mahasweta Saha, Uwe John, Thomas Wichard, Patrick Fink, Valerio Zupo, Elisa Berdalet, Wim Vyverman, Tilmann Harder, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), University of Bremen, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Gent University, Department of Biology, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Biological Sciences, University of Essex, German Research Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and European Commission
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,HOST ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,COMMUNICATION ,BIOFILM DISPERSAL ,METABOLOMICS ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,METABOLITES ,CUES ,Marine ecosystem ,14. Life underwater ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Trophic level ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Biology and Life Sciences ,THREAT ,LEPEOPHTHEIRUS-SALMONIS ,SEA LICE ,Chemical ecology ,13. Climate action ,Earth and Environmental Sciences ,Sustainability ,Environmental science ,FISHES ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,business ,[SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis - Abstract
This article is an outcome of the EuroMarine Foresight Workshop on “Chemical ecology of marine interactions: the chemical language that shapes future marine health”, hosted by the University of Essex. Financial support for this event was provided by EuroMarine.-- 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 panel, “Infochemicals” (information‐conveying chemicals) dominate much of the underwater communication in biological systems. They influence the movement and behavior of organisms, the ecological interactions between and across populations, and the trophic structure of marine food webs. However, relative to their terrestrial equivalents, the wider ecological and economic importance of marine infochemicals remains understudied and a concerted, cross‐disciplinary effort is needed to reveal the full potential of marine chemical ecology. We highlight current challenges with specific examples and suggest how research on the chemical ecology of marine organisms could provide opportunities for implementing new management solutions for future “blue growth” (the sustainable use of ocean resources) and maintaining healthy marine ecosystems, M Saha acknowledges funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG) cluster of excellence “Future Ocean” for research grant CP1215, and the DFG under grant number SA 2571/2‐1. TW and GP acknowledge DFG for funding through CRC1127 ChemBioSys. EB received support from the CTM2014‐53818‐R (OstreoRisk) project funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), and by the project CoCliME an ERA4CS Network (ERA‐NET) initiated by JPI Climate, and funded by EPA (IE), ANR (FR), BMBF (DE), UEFISCDI (RO), RCN (NO), and FORMAS (SE), with co‐funding by the European Union (grant agreement number 690462)
- Published
- 2019
6. A genomics approach reveals the global genetic polymorphism, structure, and functional diversity of ten accessions of the marine model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
- Author
-
Rastogi, Achal, Vieira, Fabio Rocha Jimenez, Deton-Cabanillas, Anne-Flore, Veluchamy, Alaguraj, Cantrel, Catherine, Wang, Gaohong, Vanormelingen, Pieter, Bowler, Chris, Piganeau, Gwenael, Hu, Hanhua, Tirichine, Leïla, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie cellulaire et moléculaire des plantes (PCMP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gent University, Department of Biology, Biologie intégrative des organismes marins (BIOM), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Hydrobiology - Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris
- Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,[SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2019
7. Targeting the delivery of dietary plant bioactives to those who would benefit most: from science to practical applications
- Author
-
Nada Knežević, Anna Marja Aura, Baukje de Roos, María Teresa Garcia Conesa, Maria Rosário Bronze, Dragan Milenkovic, Arno Greyling, Tom Van de Wiele, Christine Morand, Aedin Cassidy, Jim Kaput, Ana Rodriguez-Mateos, Paul A. Kroon, Rikard Landberg, Eileen R. Gibney, Zohar Kerem, Claudine Manach, Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán, The Rowett Research Institute, University of Aberdeen, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Unilever Research and Development, Vydiant, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Podravka d.d, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Department of Nutritional Sciences, Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH), King’s College London, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Gent University, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Centro de Edafologia y Biologia aplicada del Segura (CEBAS - CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden], Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Mount Sinai Hospital [Toronto, Canada] (MSH), King‘s College London, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Quadram Institute Bioscience [Norwich, U.K.] (QIB), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), and de Roos, B.
- Subjects
Agriculture and Food Sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,and promotion of well-being ,Food industry ,Phytochemicals ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Review ,Gut flora ,Cardiovascular ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,0302 clinical medicine ,Stakeholders ,Cost action ,Marketing ,Cancer ,2. Zero hunger ,Potential impact ,education.field_of_study ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,biology ,Dietary intake ,Diet, Vegetarian ,Cardiometabolic diseases ,3. Good health ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Alimentation et Nutrition ,HEALTH ,Healthy diet Cardiometabolic diseases Inter-individual variability in responses Stakeholders Food industry ,BIOMARKERS ,Population ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Health Promotion ,METABOLISM ,03 medical and health sciences ,Vegetarian ,Metabolic Diseases ,Inter-individual variability in responses ,Food and Nutrition ,Humans ,Obesity ,3.3 Nutrition and chemoprevention ,education ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Nutrition ,Healthy diet ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition & Dietetics ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Clinical study design ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,biology.organism_classification ,Diet ,Business ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition - Abstract
Background A healthy diet and optimal lifestyle choices are amongst the most important actions for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. Despite this, it appears difficult to convince consumers to select more nutritious foods. Furthermore, the development and production of healthier foods do not always lead to economic profits for the agro-food sector. Most dietary recommendations for the general population represent a “one-size-fits-all approach” which does not necessarily ensure that everyone has adequate exposure to health-promoting constituents of foods. Indeed, we now know that individuals show a high variability in responses when exposed to specific nutrients, foods, or diets. Purpose This review aims to highlight our current understanding of inter-individual variability in response to dietary bioactives, based on the integration of findings of the COST Action POSITIVe. We also evaluate opportunities for translation of scientific knowledge on inter-individual variability in response to dietary bioactives, once it becomes available, into practical applications for stakeholders, such as the agro-food industry. The potential impact from such applications will form an important impetus for the food industry to develop and market new high quality and healthy foods for specific groups of consumers in the future. This may contribute to a decrease in the burden of diet-related chronic diseases., Key messages Individual differences in ADME (Absorption, Digestion, Metabolism and Excretion) is believed to underpin much of the inter-individual variation in responses.Recent developments in the area of food metabolome databases and fast improvements in innovative metabotyping technologies hold great promise for improved profiling of dietary intake, exposure to individual ingredients, foods and dietary patterns, as well as our ability to identify individual responsiveness.The food industry needs well-defined population clusters or targets in order to be able to design “personalized products”.There are indeed excellent industrial opportunities for foods that modulate gut microbiota, and thereby enable the delivery of food bioactive metabolites.It is currently not clear whether knowledge on individual nutrient needs, based on genetic or metagenomic data, would affect long-term dietary and health behaviours.Data to support the development of dietary recommendations may need to be generated by new n-of-1-based study designs in the future.
- Published
- 2019
8. Future prospects for dissecting inter-individual variability in the absorption, distribution and elimination of plant bioactives of relevance for cardiometabolic endpoints
- Author
-
Baukje de Roos, Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán, Tom Van de Wiele, Frederiek-Maarten Kerckhof, Claudine Manach, Rasha Noureldin M. Saleh, Christine Morand, Anne Marie Minihane, Rikard Landberg, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Gent University, Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, The Rowett Research Institute, University of Aberdeen, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden], Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centro de Edafologia y Biologia aplicada del Segura (CEBAS - CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), and Landberg, R.
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Agriculture and Food Sciences ,Cardiometabolic ,Future studies ,BIOAVAILABILITY ,Phytochemicals ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Genomics ,Computational biology ,Review ,Biology ,Cardiovascular System ,Inter-individual variation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Metabolomics ,Personalized nutrition ,Plant bioactive compounds ,Individual data ,Genetic variation ,CYP1A2 GENOTYPE ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Food and Nutrition ,Humans ,Cost action ,Microbiome ,ADME ,2. Zero hunger ,RISK ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Diet, Vegetarian ,CONSUMPTION ,ASSOCIATION ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,Biological Variation, Population ,DEMETHYLASE ,COMT GENOTYPE ,Alimentation et Nutrition ,Plants, Edible ,VASCULAR FUNCTION ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,FLAVANONES ,O-METHYLTRANSFERASE GENOTYPE - Abstract
Purpose The health-promoting potential of food-derived plant bioactive compounds is evident but not always consistent across studies. Large inter-individual variability may originate from differences in digestion, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME). ADME can be modulated by age, sex, dietary habits, microbiome composition, genetic variation, drug exposure and many other factors. Within the recent COST Action POSITIVe, large-scale literature surveys were undertaken to identify the reasons and extent of inter-individual variability in ADME of selected plant bioactive compounds of importance to cardiometabolic health. The aim of the present review is to summarize the findings and suggest a framework for future studies designed to investigate the etiology of inter-individual variability in plant bioactive ADME and bioefficacy. Results Few studies have reported individual data on the ADME of bioactive compounds and on determinants such as age, diet, lifestyle, health status and medication, thereby limiting a mechanistic understanding of the main drivers of variation in ADME processes observed across individuals. Metabolomics represent crucial techniques to decipher inter-individual variability and to stratify individuals according to metabotypes reflecting the intrinsic capacity to absorb and metabolize bioactive compounds. Conclusion A methodological framework was developed to decipher how the contribution from genetic variants or microbiome variants to ADME of bioactive compounds can be predicted. Future study design should include (1) a larger number of study participants, (2) individual and full profiling of all possible determinants of internal exposure, (3) the presentation of individual ADME data and (4) incorporation of omics platforms, such as genomics, microbiomics and metabolomics in ADME and efficacy studies., Key messages Human intervention studies are typically too small and do not report data from individuals to allow investigations of relevant determinants of inter-individual variability in ADME and bioefficacy.For some plant food bioactive compounds (isoflavones and ellagitannins), particular metabolites are produced only in a subset of the population, i.e., among individuals with a specific metabotype.Microbiota is an important determinant of the ADME of many bioactive compounds but microbial gene annotation is often lacking and interference with background diet and temporal variability is high: microbial metabolism capacity is, therefore, difficult to predict.Genetic variability is considered an important determinant of the ADME of some bioactive compounds, but there is a large gap in knowledge for many families of plant bioactive compounds regarding biotransformation enzymes and transport proteins.Information on other determinants such as age, sex, and diet is too incomplete to make firm conclusions about their impact on the inter-individual variability for most compounds investigatedMetabotyping individuals appears as essential to increase our understanding and improve prediction of ADME and health effects of plant bioactive compounds. Yet successful stratification examples are scarce and if available (e.g., urolithins), validation studies in larger cohorts are still required.
- Published
- 2019
9. SIMULATIONS OF OSMOTIC EVENTS IN VITRIFICATION OF EQUINE OOCYTES AND PORCINE EMBRYOS
- Author
-
Henri Woelders, Florence Guignot, Nerea Ortiz-Escribano, Katrien Smits, Ann Van Soom, Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Faculteit Diergeneeskunde [UGhent, Belgium], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gent University, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Guignot, Florence
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Chemistry ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,General Medicine ,Porcine embryos ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,3. Good health ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Andrology ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Vitrification ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
International audience; Abstracts / Cryobiology 85 (2018) 120e190
- Published
- 2018
10. The Chara genome: Secondary complexity and implications for plant terrestrialization
- Author
-
Guru V. Radhakrishnan, Pierre-Marc Delaux, Yutaka Suzuki, Jan de Vries, Sabine Zachgo, Sumio Sugano, Gernot Glöckner, Roman Skokan, Marcel Quint, Martin Hagemann, Elio Schijlen, Jesper Harholt, Kristian K. Ullrich, Hiroshi Kagoshima, Caren Chang, Tomoaki Nishiyama, Philipp Janitza, Luz Irina A. Calderón Villalobos, Dirk Becker, Peter Ulvskov, Asao Fujiyama, Navindra Tajeshwar, Stephane Rombauts, Hidetoshi Sakayama, Florian Maumus, Günter Theißen, Daniel Lang, Stanislav Vosolsobě, Atsushi Toyoda, Dieter Deforce, Sven B. Gould, Yves Van de Peer, Christophe Dunand, Yuji Kohara, John M. Clay, Kenneth G. Karol, Dominique Van Der Straeten, Fabian B. Haas, Assia Saltykova, Denis Saint-Marcoux, Filip Van Nieuwerburgh, Florian Rümpler, Henrik Buschmann, Liam Dolan, Jane A. Langdale, Aikaterini Symeonidi, Jiri Friml, Ramona Kern, Bruno Catarino, Lisa Vanderstraeten, Alexander J. Hetherington, Charles F. Delwiche, Mary J. Beilby, Rainer Hedrich, Holger Breuninger, Clémence Bonnot, Stefan A. Rensing, Per K.I. Wilhelmsson, Alexander Heyl, Jan Petrášek, Kanazawa University (KU), Kobe University, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Dalhousie University, Osnabrück University, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford [Oxford], Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Université de Lyon (COMUE), Philipps University of Marburg, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), University of Würzburg, PGSB, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Charles University in Prague, Partenaires INRAE, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Adelphi University, Department of Genetics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Scientific Institute for Public Health, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre [Norwich], New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, department of Plant, University of Cologne, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Institute of Science and Technology [Austria] (IST Austria), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Evolution des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carlsberg Group, Carlsberg Laboratory, Dynamique et Evolution des Parois cellulaires végétales, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, MEXT & JSPS KAKENHI [17020008, 20017013, 22128008, 15H04413, 24370095, 22770083, 24570100, 15K07185, 221S0002], Hyogo Science and Technology Association, DFG [GO1825/4-1, CRC1208, VR 132/1-1, SFB 944, FOR964, SFB 924], MEYS CR project [LO1417], Carlsberg Foundation, Villum Foundation’s Young Investigator Programme, LRSV laboratory [ANR-10-LABX-41], Gent University, Research Foundation Flanders [G.0317.17N, PhD fellowship 1S17917N], ERC Advanced Grants [EVO500, ETAP, EDIP], Leibniz Association, and NSF [DEB-1020660, DEB-1036466, MCB1714993, DEB 1036506]
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,plant evolution ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Physcomitrella patens ,Genome ,Chara ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,charophyte ,BIOS Applied Bioinformatics ,03 medical and health sciences ,Plant Growth Regulators ,Cell Wall ,streptophyte ,Gene family ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,Gene Regulatory Networks ,transcriptional regulation ,Pentosyltransferases ,Phragmoplastophyta ,Charophyte ,Phragmoplast ,Phytohormones ,Plant Evolution ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Streptophyte ,Transcriptional Regulation ,Plastid ,Gene ,Plant Proteins ,Plant evolution ,reactive oxygen species ,biology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,Biological Evolution ,phytohormones ,phragmoplast ,030104 developmental biology ,Plant protein ,Evolutionary biology ,Chara braunii ,Embryophyta ,Transcriptome ,Genome, Plant ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
The draft genome of Chara braunii reveals many plant-like features important for colonization of land that evolved in charophytic algae and therefore prior to the earliest land plants. Land plants evolved from charophytic algae, among which Charophyceae possess the most complex body plans. We present the genome of Chara braunii; comparison of the genome to those of land plants identified evolutionary novelties for plant terrestrialization and land plant heritage genes. C. braunii employs unique xylan synthases for cell wall biosynthesis, a phragmoplast (cell separation) mechanism similar to that of land plants, and many phytohormones. C. braunii plastids are controlled via land-plant-like retrograde signaling, and transcriptional regulation is more elaborate than in other algae. The morphological complexity of this organism may result from expanded gene families, with three cases of particular note: genes effecting tolerance to reactive oxygen species (ROS), LysM receptor-like kinases, and transcription factors (TFs). Transcriptomic analysis of sexual reproductive structures reveals intricate control by TFs, activity of the ROS gene network, and the ancestral use of plant-like storage and stress protection proteins in the zygote. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.
- Published
- 2018
11. Free-boundary extension of the SIESTA code and its application to the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
- Author
-
Peraza Rodríguez, Hugo Alberto, Sánchez Fernández, Luis Raúl, Geiger, Joachim, Reynolds Barredo, José Miguel, Noterdaeme, Jean-Marie, Gent University, UC3M. Departamento de Física, and Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Física
- Subjects
Plasma fusion ,Wendelstein 7-X stellarator ,Plasmas de fusión ,SIESTA ,Stellarators ,Física del plasma ,Física ,Fusión nuclear ,Scalable Iterative Equilibrium Solver for Toroidal Application - Abstract
Erasmus Mundus, FUSION Ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) codes are of utmost importance to analyse equilibria of different experiments. The well known VMEC code (Variational Moments Equilibrium Code) does the three-dimensional ideal MHD analysis assuming nested magnetic surfaces. SIESTA (Scalable Iterative Equilibrium Solver for Toroidal Applications) is a code that takes a step further than VMEC, relying on VMEC’s solution, it computes the ideal MHD equilibrium solution of a given problem, without the assumption of nested magnetic surfaces. This results in the possible development of magnetic islands and stochastic regions. SIESTA, as was originally conceived, has a limiting aspect: it would only solve the equilibrium inside of the last closed flux surface (LCFS) found by VMEC. This condition implies that the results obtained for equilibria where there are possible instabilities or perturbations close to the LCFS are not well computed since SIESTA leaves the LCFS untouched. In this work a free-plasma-boundary version of SIESTA is developed in order to overcome this original limitation. The approach used consists of extending the analysis domain given by VMEC, in such a way that the vacuum region, or at least the most important part of it, is within the analysis volume of SIESTA. This requires the extension of the numerical analysis mesh guaranteeing the continuity of the metric elements on the mesh; a good approximation of the magnetic field solution in all the volume, and a pressure solution which couples with the magnetic field. The new version of SIESTA is applied to the specific case of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator, at the IPP Greifswald (Germany), making comparisons with previous studies of equilibria showing the development of neoclassical bootstrap currents which cause the divertor island chain to shift its position. The previous studies were carried out with the VMEC-EXTENDER code combination, which is the general tool for ideal MHD equilibrium studies used in IPP. While their method is not self consistent, in the sense that it is a combination of the results of two difeferent codes, it has shown to be correct for the vacuum case and has been tested to be close to the experiment. Ideale Magnetohydrodynamische (MHD) codes zijn enorm belangrijk voor de anlayse van evenwichten van verschillende experimenten. De bekende VMEC code doet de driedimensionale ideale MHD analyse, gebruik makende van de aanname van in elkaar passende fluxoppervlakken. SIESTA (Scalable Iterative Equilibrium Solver for Toroidal Applications) is een code die een stap verder dan VMEC neemt. De code berekent het ideale MHD evennwicht zonder deze aanname van in elkaar passende fluxoppervlakken, startende van de oplossing van VMEC. Een resultaat hiervan is de mogelijke ontwikkeling van magnetische eilanden en stochastische regio’s. SIESTA, volgens het oorspronkelijke ontwerp, had echter één limitatie: De code loste enkel evenwichten op binnen het laatste gesloten fluxoppervlak (’Last Closed Flux Surface’, LCFS), bepaald door VMEC. Deze voorwaarde heeft als gevolg dat de resultaten voor evenwichten met mogelijke instabiliteiten dicht bij de LCFS niet goed berekend worden aangezien SIESTA de LCFS niet kan verplaatsen. In dit werk werd een vrije plasmawand versie van SIESTA ontwikkeld om deze limitatie te overkomen. Deze strategie die we hier gebruiken bestaat uit het uitbreiden van het analysedomein van VMEC, zodat de vacuumregio, of op zijn minst het belangrijke deel ervan, binnen het analysisvolume van SIESTA valt. Hiervoor was het nodig om het analysemaas uit te breiden om de continuiteit van de metrische elementen te garanderen en om een goede benadering van het de oplossing van het magnetische veld in het volume te bekomen, alsook voor de druk die gekoppeld is met die van het magnetische veld. Deze nieuwe versie van SIESTA werd dan toegepast op een specifieke configuratie van de Wendelstein 7-X stellarator, gesitueerd aan het IPP Greifswald, om te kunnen vergelijken met een vorige studie. Bij deze studie werd de ontwikkeling van de ’bootstrap’ stromen zichtbaar, die ervoor zorgen dat het de divertoreilandsketen van positie verschuift. Ze was uitgevoerd met de VMEC-EXTENDER codecombinatie, die een algemeen gereedschap is voor ideale MHD evenwichtsstudies. Hoewel hun methode niet zelf consistent is, waarbij bedoeld wordt dat het een combinatie is van resultaten van twee verschillende codes, werd nu aangetoond dat het toch correct is voor het vauumgeval, en dicht bij experimentele waarnemimgen ligt. Los códigos de magnetohidrodinámica (MHD) ideal son de primordial importancia para realizar análisis de equilibrios de diferentes experimentos de fusión nuclear. El código VMEC (Variational Moments Equilibrium Code), bien conocido en la comunidad de investigadores en física de plasmas, realiza análisis tri-dimensionales de equilibrios de MHD ideal asumiendo superficies magnéticas anidadas. SIESTA (Scalable Iterative Equilibrium Solver for Toroidal Applications) es un código que va un paso más allá que VMEC, respaldándose en la solución de VMEC, SIESTA calcula la solución de equilibrio de MHD ideal para un problema dado, sin la suposición de superficies magnéticas anidadas. Esto resulta en el posible desarrollo de islas magnéticas y regiones estocásticas. SIESTA, en su versión original, posee un aspecto limitante: solo podía resolver el equilibrio dentro de la última superficie cerrada (LCFS, por sus siglas en inglés) encontrada por VMEC. Esta condición implica que los resultados obtenidos para equilibrios donde pueden existir inestabilidades o perturbaciones cerca de la LCFS no están bien calculados debido a que SIESTA no modifica la LCFS. En este trabajo se desarrolla una versión de SIESTA con frontera de plasma libre para sobrepasar esta limitación original. El planteamiento consiste en extender el dominio de análisis dado por VMEC, de modo tal que la región de vacío —o al menos la parte más importante de ella— se encuentre dentro del volumen de análisis de SIESTA. Esto requiere la extensión de la malla de análisis numérico garantizando la continuidad de los elementos métricos de la mala; una buena aproximación del campo magnético en todo el volumen, y una solución de la presion que se acople a el campo magnético. La nueva versión de SIESTA se aplica al caso específico del stellerator Wendelstein 7-X , en el IPP de Greifswald (Alemania), realizando comparaciones con estudios previos de equilibrios que muestran el desarrollo de corrientes neoclásicas bootstrap, las cuales causan que la cadena de islas magnéticas asociadas al divertor cambien su posición. Los estudios previos se realizaron con la combinación de códigos VMEC-EXTENDER, que es la herramienta general utilizada en el IPP Greifswald para estudios de equilibrios de MHD ideal. Si bien es cierto que su método no es auto-consistente, en cuanto a que es la combinación de los resultados de dos códigos diferentes, ha demostrado ser válido para el caso de vacío y se ha comprobado su aproximación a los resultados experimentales. Programa Oficial de Doctorado en Plasmas y Fusión Nuclear Presidente: José Ramón Martín Solís.- Secretario: Per Helander.- Vocal: Hendrik Rogier
- Published
- 2017
12. The sensitivity of gas hydrate reservoirs to climate change: Perspectives from a new combined model for permafrost-related and marine settings
- Author
-
Marc De Batist, Thomas Mestdagh, Jeffrey Poort, Renard Centre of Marine Geology, Gent University, Evolution et Modélisation des Bassins Sédimentaires (EMBS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Earth science ,Clathrate hydrate ,Climate change ,Permafrost ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Methane ,Modelling ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Deglaciation ,Gas hydrate ,14. Life underwater ,Geomorphology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Marine ,Global warming ,15. Life on land ,chemistry ,13. Climate action ,[SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology ,Greenhouse gas ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Hydrate ,Geology - Abstract
International audience; Gas hydrate reservoirs store large quantities of gas in sediments on continental margins, in deep lakes, and in continental and relic sub-shelf permafrost. The gas hydrate structure is only stable at sufficiently low temperature and high pressure, and may therefore collapse under changing climatic conditions. If a temperature rise or pressure drop (e.g. through falling sea level) is effective enough to dissociate hydrate deposits, methane (the most common gas component in hydrates and a potent greenhouse gas) is released from the hydrate structure and may eventually enter into the atmosphere. This may generate a positive feedback effect, as resulting enhanced greenhouse gas levels would additionally warm the atmosphere and hence maintain or reinforce hydrate dissociation. The significance of this mechanism has been debated over the past decades, often within the framework of geologically rapid Quaternary climatic oscillations and present-day climate warming. An extensive set of studies has addressed the climate-sensitivity of gas hydrate reservoirs in various study areas and geological settings, and by means of various approaches. No real consensus has yet been reached on the matter. In this study, we seek to evaluate the sensitivity of gas hydrate reservoirs to changes in global climate from a more general perspective, by firstly reviewing the available literature, and secondly developing a new numerical model to quantify gas hydrate destabilization under changing environmental conditions. Qualities of the model include the wide applicability to both marine and permafrost-related hydrate reservoirs and the integrative approach, combining existing hydrate formation models with a dissocation model that accounts for the consumption of latent heat during hydrate dissociation. To determine which settings are most vulnerable, and to acquire insight into the extent, fashion and rates of hydrate dissociation, we apply the model to four distinct types of hydrate reservoirs across a hypothetic high-latitude continental margin under two specific cases of climate change: the last deglaciation following the Last Glacial Maximum and present-day climate warming. The simulations indicate that hydrates on the upper continental slope and in association with thin, sub-shelf permafrost are most sensitive to the imposed climatic variations, whereas deepwater and onshore permafrost-related reservoirs react in a more stable way. However, the deep (i.e. at several tens to hundreds of meters subsurface depth) stratigraphic-type hydrates considered in this study constitute by far the largest fraction of the global gas hydrate volume, but dissociate on slow timescales of thousands to hundreds of thousands of years, even in the most sensitive environments. In contrast, shallow (i.e. at, or a few meters below the surface or seafloor) structural-type hydrates are able to respond to climatic variations on sub-millennial timescales, but the volumes of gas they may release are probably insignificant to the global carbon cycle and climate. Quaternary and present-day climate change do affect the stability of gas hydrate reservoirs, but at long timescales where hydrate volumes are large, and on short timescales where hydrate volumes are small. Consequently, gas hydrates dissociate to an extent that is too small or at a pace that is too slow to create a strong positive feedback effect. While the release of methane from the disintegration of gas hydrates is observed on different margins today, it is not likely to have played a leading role in Quaternary climatic variations or to become a significant process in the coming centuries as a result of present-day rising temperatures.
- Published
- 2017
13. Herd-level animal management factors associated with the occurrence of bovine neonatal pancytopenia in calves in a multi-country study
- Author
-
Dirk U. Pfeiffer, Matthijs Schouten, Richard Booth, Sarne De Vliegher, Piet Deprez, Gerdien van Schaik, Carola Sauter-Louis, Jacqueline M. Cardwell, Jörg Henning, Anja Smolenaars, Raphaël Guatteo, Ingrid den Uijl, Jozef Laureyns, Alexander Stoll, Aurélien Madouasse, Simon Nusinovici, Mirjam Nielen, Bryony A. Jones, Christine Fourichon, Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics & Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College - University of London, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre Munich, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol [Bristol], Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University [Utrecht], GD Animal Health Service, UMR 1300 Biologie, Epidémiologie et Analyse du Risque, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Biologie, Epidémiologie et Analyse du Risque (BioEpAR)-Santé animale (S.A.), Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Biology of Large Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gent University, Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), and dFAH AVR
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Questionnaires ,Veterinary medicine ,Physiology ,Pancytopenia ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,lcsh:Medicine ,COLOSTRUM ,0403 veterinary science ,Leukocytopenia ,Belgium ,Risk Factors ,CLASS-I ,Germany ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Medicine ,Public and Occupational Health ,lcsh:Science ,Breast Milk ,Netherlands ,Mammals ,DAMAGE ,Vaccines ,Multidisciplinary ,ALLOANTIBODIES ,Vaccination ,Disease Management ,Agriculture ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Ruminants ,Animal husbandry ,Vaccination and Immunization ,Body Fluids ,Professions ,Infectious Diseases ,Milk ,Veterinary Diseases ,Research Design ,Vertebrates ,VACCINATION ,France ,Anatomy ,Research Article ,Veterinary Medicine ,Livestock ,Infectious Disease Control ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Immunology ,Cattle Diseases ,Breast milk ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Veterinarians ,Beverages ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bovines ,Journal Article ,Animals ,Veterinary Sciences ,Nutrition ,Survey Research ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Case-control study ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Odds ratio ,HEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS ,Newborn ,Diet ,030104 developmental biology ,Animals, Newborn ,Case-Control Studies ,People and Places ,Amniotes ,ANTIBODIES ,Multivariate Analysis ,Herd ,Colostrum ,Population Groupings ,Veterinary Science ,Cattle ,lcsh:Q ,Preventive Medicine ,business ,Demography ,BNP - Abstract
Since 2007, mortality associated with a previously unreported haemorrhagic disease has been observed in young calves in several European countries. The syndrome, which has been named 'bovine neonatal pancytopenia' (BNP), is characterised by thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia and a panmyelophthisis. A herd-level case-control study was conducted in four BNP affected countries (Belgium, France, Germany and the Netherlands) to identify herd management risk factors for BNP occurrence. Data were collected using structured face-to-face and telephone interviews of farm managers and their local veterinarians. In total, 363 case farms and 887 control farms were included in a matched multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis. Case-control status was strongly associated with the odds of herd level use of the vaccine PregSure r BVD (PregSure, Pfizer Animal Health) (matched adjusted odds ratio (OR) 107.2; 95% CI: 41.0-280.1). This was also the case for the practices of feeding calves colostrum from the calf's own dam (OR 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.4) or feeding pooled colostrum (OR 4.1; 95% CI: 1.9-8.8). Given that the study had relatively high statistical power and represented a variety of cattle production and husbandry systems, it can be concluded with some confidence that no other herd level management factors are competent causes for a sufficient cause of BNP occurrence on herd level. It is suggested that genetic characteristics of the dams and BNP calves should be the focus of further investigations aimed at identifying the currently missing component causes that together with PregSure vaccination and colostrum feeding represent a sufficient cause for occurrence of BNP in calves.
- Published
- 2017
14. Sustainable production of biologically active molecules of marine based origin
- Author
-
Eric Causse, Catherine Majella Collins, Edward McHugh, Alysson Wagner Fernandes Duarte, Spiros N. Agathos, Renata Manconi, Lara Durães Sette, Wim Vyverman, Luis M. Botana, Daniel J. Walsh, Susete Pinteus, Clayton Jeffryes, Gumersindo Feijoo, Marta Leirós, Fernando Suzigan Nobre, Juan A. Rubiolo, Rui Pedrosa, Angela Bisio, Ivan A. Laptev, Fernando Carlos Pagnocca, Fabio D. Ledda, Roberto Pronzato, Patrick Murray, Ifeloju O Owoyemi, Paula Perez-Lopez, Annick Verween, Sergei Sineoky, Mario Marchi, Siobhan Moane, André Horta, Céline C. Allewaert, Tanya Beletskaya, Olivier P. Thomas, Celso Alves, Ma Teresa Moreira, Shannon Applied Biotechnology, Limerick Institute of Technology, Department of Applied Science, Metabolomique Marine Environnementale, Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institute of Computing [Campinas] (UNICAMP), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Algae Health, Claregalway Corporate Park, GREENSEA, Greensea, Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Department Farmacologia, University of Santiago de Compostela, GIRM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Bioengineering Group (GEBI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Gent University, Department of Biology, Genetika, State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Universita degli studi di Genova, Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, and University of Sassari
- Subjects
SCENEDESMUS-OBLIQUUS ,Aquatic Organisms ,EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID ,Natural resource economics ,Bioengineering ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,12. Responsible consumption ,03 medical and health sciences ,Resource (project management) ,ALGA SPHAEROCOCCUS-CORONOPIFOLIUS ,NATURAL-PRODUCTS ,LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT, ALGA SPHAEROCOCCUS-CORONOPIFOLIUS, SPONGE FASCIOSPONGIA-CAVERNOSA, NATURAL-PRODUCTS, OXIDATIVE STRESS, PHAEODACTYLUM-TRICORNUTUM, EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID, BROMINATED DITERPENES, SCENEDESMUS-OBLIQUUS, BIODIESEL PRODUCTION ,14. Life underwater ,OXIDATIVE STRESS ,PHAEODACTYLUM-TRICORNUTUM ,Molecular Biology ,BIODIESEL PRODUCTION ,Exploitation of natural resources ,030304 developmental biology ,Sustainable development ,0303 health sciences ,Scope (project management) ,[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,010405 organic chemistry ,Ecology ,General Medicine ,SPONGE FASCIOSPONGIA-CAVERNOSA ,Marine Biology (journal) ,Natural resource ,0104 chemical sciences ,Europe ,Product (business) ,LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT ,13. Climate action ,Sustainability ,BROMINATED DITERPENES ,Biotechnology - Abstract
International audience; The marine environment offers both economic and scientific potential which are relatively untapped from a biotechnological point of view. These environments whilst harsh are ironically fragile and dependent on a harmonious life form balance. Exploitation of natural resources by exhaustive wild harvesting has obvious negative environmental consequences. From a European industry perspective marine organisms are a largely underutilised resource. This is not due to lack of interest but due to a lack of choice the industry faces for cost competitive, sustainable and environmentally conscientious product alternatives. Knowledge of the biotechnological potential of marine organisms together with the development of sustainable systems for their cultivation, processing and utilisation are essential. In 2010, the European Commission recognised this need and funded a collaborative RTD/SME project under the Framework 7-Knowledge Based Bio-Economy (KBBE) Theme 2 Programme ‘Sustainable culture of marine microorganisms, algae and/or invertebrates for high value added products’. The scope of that project entitled ‘Sustainable Production of Biologically Active Molecules of Marine Based Origin’ (BAMMBO) is outlined. Although the Union is a global leader in many technologies, it faces increasing competition from traditional rivals and emerging economies alike and must therefore improve its innovation performance. For this reason innovation is placed at the heart of a European Horizon 2020 Strategy wherein the challenge is to connect economic performance to eco performance. This article provides a synopsis of the research activities of the BAMMBO project as they fit within the wider scope of sustainable environmentally conscientious marine resource exploitation for high-value biomolecules.
- Published
- 2013
15. Stability of Constant Retrial Rate Systems with NBU Input
- Author
-
Konstantin Avrachenkov, Bart Steyaert, Ruslana Nekrasova, Evsey Morozov, Models for the performance analysis and the control of networks (MAESTRO), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institute of Applied Mathematical Research [Petrozavodsk], Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS)-Petrozavodsk State University [Petrozavodsk], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), and Gent University
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Discrete mathematics ,Class (set theory) ,021103 operations research ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,Queueing system ,Expression (computer science) ,Poisson distribution ,01 natural sciences ,Stability (probability) ,Exponential function ,010104 statistics & probability ,symbols.namesake ,Stability conditions ,[INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI] ,symbols ,Applied mathematics ,0101 mathematics ,Constant (mathematics) ,Mathematics - Abstract
International audience; We study the stability of a single-server retrial queueing system with constant retrial rate, general input and service processes. First, we present a review of some relevant recent results related to the stability criteria of similar systems. Sufficient stability conditions were obtained by (Avrachenkov and Morozov, 2014), which hold for a rather general retrial system. However, only in case of Poisson input an explicit expression is provided; otherwise one has to rely on simulation. On the other hand, the stability criteria derived by (Lillo, 1996) can be easily computed, but only hold for the case of exponential service times. We present new sufficient stability conditions, which are less tight than the ones obtained by (Avrachenkov and Morozov, 2010), but have an analytical expression under rather general assumptions. A key assumption is that interarrival times belongs to the class of new better than used (NBU) distributions. We illustrate the accuracy of the condition based on this assumption (in comparison with known conditions when possible) for a number of non-exponential distributions.
- Published
- 2016
16. Sufficient Stability Conditions for Multi-class Constant Retrial Rate Systems
- Author
-
Bart Steyaert, Evsey Morozov, Konstantin Avrachenkov, Models for the performance analysis and the control of networks (MAESTRO), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institute of Applied Mathematical Research [Petrozavodsk], Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS)-Petrozavodsk State University [Petrozavodsk], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), and Gent University
- Subjects
0211 other engineering and technologies ,Joins ,02 engineering and technology ,Management Science and Operations Research ,01 natural sciences ,010104 statistics & probability ,[INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI] ,Control theory ,Applied mathematics ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics ,Constant retrial rate ,Queueing theory ,021103 operations research ,Probabilistic logic ,Computer Science Applications ,Exponential function ,Computer Science::Performance ,Stability conditions ,Regenerative approach ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Transmission (telecommunications) ,Stability condition ,Retrial systems ,Orbit (control theory) ,Constant (mathematics) ,Multi-class systems - Abstract
International audience; We study multi-class retrial queueing systems with Poisson inputs, general service times, and an arbitrary numbers of servers and waiting places. A class-i blocked customer joins orbit i and waits in the orbit for retrial. Orbit i works like a single-server ·/M/1 queueing system with exponential retrial time regardless of the orbit size. Such retrial systems are referred to as retrial systems with constant retrial rate. Our model is motivated by several telecommunication applications, such as wireless multi-access systems, optical networks and transmission control protocols, but represents independent theoretical interest as well. Using a regenerative approach, we provide sufficient stability conditions which have a clear probabilistic interpretation. We show that the provided sufficient conditions are in fact also necessary, in the case of a single-server system without waiting space and in the case of symmetric classes. We also discuss a very interesting case, when one orbit is unstable, whereas the rest of the system is stable.
- Published
- 2016
17. Algorithm Selection for Combinatorial Search Problems: A Survey
- Author
-
Lars Kotthoff, Ian Miguel, University of St Andrews, Ian Gent, University of St Andrews, and EPSRC
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) ,Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,problem solving, search, machine learning and discovery ,Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence ,Problem Solving - Abstract
The Algorithm Selection Problem is concerned with selecting the best algorithm to solve a given problem on a case-by-case basis. It has become especially relevant in the last decade, as researchers are increasingly investigating how to identify the most suitable existing algorithm for solving a problem instead of developing new algorithms. This survey presents an overview of this work focusing on the contributions made in the area of combinatorial search problems, where Algorithm Selection techniques have achieved significant performance improvements. We unify and organise the vast literature according to criteria that determine Algorithm Selection systems in practice. The comprehensive classification of approaches identifies and analyses the different directions from which Algorithm Selection has been approached. This paper contrasts and compares different methods for solving the problem as well as ways of using these solutions. It closes by identifying directions of current and future research.
- Published
- 2014
18. A community-based geological reconstruction of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum
- Author
-
Bentley, Michael J., Ó Cofaigh, Colm, Anderson, John B., Conway, Howard, Davies, Bethan, Graham, Alastair G.C., Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter, Hodgson, Dominic A., Jamieson, Stewart S.R., Larter, Robert, Mackintosh, Andrew N., Smith, James A., Verleyen, Elie, Ackert, Robert, Bart, Philip J., Berg, Sonja, Brunstein, Daniel, Canals, Miquel, Colhoun, Eric A., Crosta, Xavier, Dickens, William A., Domack, Eugene, Dowdeswell, Julia, Dunbar, Robert, Ehrmann, Werner, Evans, Jeffrey, Favier, Vincent, Fink, David, Fogwill, Christopher J., Glasser, Neil F., Gohl, Karsten, Golledge, Nicholas R., Goodwin, Ian, Gore, Damian B., Greenwood, Sarah L., Hall, Brenda L., Hall, Kevin, Hedding, David W., Hein, Andrew S., Hocking, Emma P., Jakobsson, Martin, Johnson, Joanne S., Jomelli, Vincent, Jones, R. Selwyn, Klages, Johann P., Kristoffersen, Yngve, Kuhn, Gerhard, Leventer, Amy, Licht, Kathy, Lilly, Katherine, Lindow, Julia, Livingstone, Stephen J., Massé, Guillaume, Mcglone, Matt S., Mckay, Robert, Melles, Martin, Miura, Hideki, Mulvaney, Robert, Nel, Werner, Nitsche, Frank O., O'Brien, Philip E., Post, Alexandra L., Roberts, Stephen J., Saunders, Krystyna M., Selkirk, Patricia M., Simms, Alexander R., Spiegel, Cornelia, Stolldorf, Travis D., Sugden, David E., van Der Putten, Nathalie, van Ommen, Tas, Verfaillie, Deborah, Vyverman, Wim, Wagner, Bernd, White, Duanne A., Witus, Alexandra E., Zwartz, Dan, Department of Geography, Durham University, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRC Geociencies Marines, GRC, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), College of Marine Science [St Petersburg, FL], University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Stanford University, Centre for glaciology, Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University-Aberystwyth University, Department of biomedical sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, University of Calgary, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Institute for Biomechanics, Colgate University, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of integrative biology (Liverpool), University of Liverpool, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), NIFS, National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), Gent University, Department of Biology, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], University of West London, Dpt Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie University, Division of Migratory Birds - Northeast Region, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Lund University [Lund], UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Geology and Geochemistry [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Earth and Climate
- Subjects
Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Kvartærgeologi, glasiologi: 465 [VDP] ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,Modelling ,Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Geosciences: 450::Quaternary geology, glaciology: 465 [VDP] ,Quaternary ,HISTORY ,MASS-BALANCE ,COLLAPSE ,[SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,Global and Planetary Change ,WEDDELL SEA EMBAYMENT ,CONSTRAINTS ,LEVEL CHANGE ,Geology ,RETREAT ,Antarctic Ice Sheet ,STREAM STABILITY ,Glacial geology ,ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT ,[SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology ,Earth and Environmental Sciences ,PENINSULA - Abstract
The Weddell Sea sector is one of the main formation sites for Antarctic Bottom Water and an outlet for about one fifth of Antarctica’s continental ice volume. Over the last few decades, studies on glacialegeological records in this sector have provided conflicting reconstructions of changes in ice-sheet extent and ice-sheet thickness since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM at ca 23e19 calibrated kiloyears before present, cal ka BP). Terrestrial geomorphological records and exposure ages obtained from rocks in the hinterland of the Weddell Sea, ice-sheet thickness constraints from ice cores and some radiocarbon dates on offshore sediments were interpreted to indicate no significant ice thickening and locally restricted grounding-line advance at the LGM. Other marine geological and geophysical studies concluded that subglacial bedforms mapped on theWeddell Sea continental shelf, subglacial deposits and sediments over-compacted by overriding ice recovered in cores, and the few available radiocarbon ages from marine sediments are consistent with major ice-sheet advance at the LGM. Reflecting the geological interpretations, different icesheet models have reconstructed conflicting LGM ice-sheet configurations for the Weddell Sea sector. Consequently, the estimated contributions of ice-sheet build-up in the Weddell Sea sector to the LGM sealevel low-stand of w130 m vary considerably. In this paper, we summarise and review the geological records of past ice-sheet margins and past icesheet elevations in the Weddell Sea sector. We compile marine and terrestrial chronological data constraining former ice-sheet size, thereby highlighting different levels of certainty, and present two alternative scenarios of the LGM ice-sheet configuration, including time-slice reconstructions for post- LGM grounding-line retreat. Moreover, we discuss consistencies and possible reasons for inconsistencies between the various reconstructions and propose objectives for future research. The aim of our study is to provide two alternative interpretations of glacialegeological datasets on Antarctic Ice- Sheet History for the Weddell Sea sector, which can be utilised to test and improve numerical icesheet models
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Arabidopsis thaliana RNase H2 Deficiency Counteracts the Needs for the WEE1 Checkpoint Kinase but Triggers Genome Instability[C][W]
- Author
-
Pooneh Kalhorzadeh, Charles I. White, Korbinian Schneeberger, Simon Amiard, Eva-Maria Willing, Toon Cools, Nancy De Winne, Lieven De Veylder, Geert De Jaeger, Zhubing Hu, Kris Gevaert, Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB-Gent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)-VIB, and White, Charles
- Subjects
Cell cycle checkpoint ,RNase P ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Ribonuclease H ,Arabidopsis ,Eukaryotic DNA replication ,[SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,Plant Science ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Genes, Plant ,Genomic Instability ,Mutation Rate ,Catalytic Domain ,Hydroxyurea ,Amino Acid Sequence ,RNase H ,Base Pairing ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Research Articles ,Genetics ,Recombination, Genetic ,[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,biology ,Base Sequence ,Arabidopsis Proteins ,Cell Biology ,Cell Cycle Checkpoints ,G2-M DNA damage checkpoint ,Ribonucleotides ,RNase MRP ,Mutation ,biology.protein ,Origin recognition complex ,Homologous recombination - Abstract
The WEE1 kinase is an essential cell cycle checkpoint regulator in Arabidopsis thaliana plants experiencing replication defects. Whereas under non-stress conditions WEE1-deficient plants develop normally, they fail to adapt to replication inhibitory conditions, resulting in the accumulation of DNA damage and loss of cell division competence. We identified mutant alleles of the genes encoding subunits of the ribonuclease H2 (RNase H2) complex, known for its role in removing ribonucleotides from DNA-RNA duplexes, as suppressor mutants of WEE1 knockout plants. RNase H2 deficiency triggered an increase in homologous recombination (HR), correlated with the accumulation of γ-H2AX foci. However, as HR negatively impacts the growth of WEE1-deficient plants under replication stress, it cannot account for the rescue of the replication defects of the WEE1 knockout plants. Rather, the observed increase in ribonucleotide incorporation in DNA indicates that the substitution of deoxynucleotide with ribonucleotide abolishes the need for WEE1 under replication stress. Strikingly, increased ribonucleotide incorporation in DNA correlated with the occurrence of small base pair deletions, identifying the RNase H2 complex as an important suppressor of genome instability.
- Published
- 2014
20. Stability Analysis and Simulation of N-class Retrial System with Constant Retrial Rates and Poisson Inputs
- Author
-
Evsey Morozov, Konstantin Avrachenkov, Bart Steyaert, Ruslana Nekrasova, Models for the performance analysis and the control of networks (MAESTRO), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Petrozavodsk State University [Petrozavodsk], Gent University, Campus France, and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)
- Subjects
Retrial system ,Technology and Engineering ,Real-time computing ,Ocean Engineering ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Poisson distribution ,Stability (probability) ,Retrial system, constant retrial rate, stability condition, regenerative approach, busy probability, multi-class system ,stability condition ,multi-class system ,symbols.namesake ,[INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI] ,Applied mathematics ,Queues ,busy probability ,Queue ,Mathematics ,Probabilistic logic ,Exponential function ,Computer Science::Performance ,Stability conditions ,symbols ,regenerative approach ,Orbit (control theory) ,Constant (mathematics) ,constant retrial rate - Abstract
In this paper, we study a new retrial queueing system with N classes of customers, where a class-i blocked customer joins orbit i. Orbit i works like a single-server queueing system with (exponential) constant retrial time (with rate [Formula: see text]) regardless of the orbit size. Such a system is motivated by multiple telecommunication applications, for instance wireless multi-access systems, and transmission control protocols. First, we present a review of some corresponding recent results related to a single-orbit retrial system. Then, using a regenerative approach, we deduce a set of necessary stability conditions for such a system. We will show that these conditions have a very clear probabilistic interpretation. We also performed a number of simulations to show that the obtained conditions delimit the stability domain with a remarkable accuracy, being in fact the (necessary and sufficient) stability criteria, at the very least for the 2-orbit M/M/1/1-type and M/Pareto/1/1-type retrial systems that we focus on.
- Published
- 2014
21. AUREOCHROME1a-Mediated Induction of the Diatom-Specific Cyclin dsCYC2 Controls the Onset of Cell Division in Diatoms (Phaeodactylum tricornutum)
- Author
-
Chris Bowler, Michiel Matthijs, Wim Vyverman, Peter G. Kroth, Dirk Inzé, Marie J. J. Huysman, Antonio Emidio Fortunato, Benjamin Schellenberger Costa, Rudy Vanderhaeghen, Lieven De Veylder, Hilde Van den Daele, Matthias Sachse, Christian Wilhelm, Angela Falciatore, Center for Plant Systems Biology (PSB Center), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie [Ghent, Belgique] (VIB), Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics [Ghent], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Fachbereich Biologie [Konstanz], University of Konstanz, Dept Plant Biotechnol & Bioinformat, Dept Plant Syst Biol, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Génomique des Microorganismes (LGM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gent University, Department of Biology, Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen), Research Foundation Flanders [G.0288.13], Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) organization, European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) organization [ASTF 93-2011], Agence Nationale de Recherche, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [FOR 1261 (Wi 764/19)], Human Frontier Science Program Young Investigator Grant [RGY0082/2010], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Universität Leipzig
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Cell cycle checkpoint ,Cell division ,Light ,Transcription, Genetic ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Cyclin A ,PROTEIN ,PROGRESSION ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE ,Photosynthesis ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Research Articles ,GENE-EXPRESSION ,Cyclin ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Cell cycle ,Darkness ,Cell biology ,MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON ,Cell Division ,Signal Transduction ,HIGH LIGHT ,Models, Biological ,03 medical and health sciences ,ddc:570 ,Cyclins ,YEAST ,Phaeodactylum tricornutum ,PLANT ,Transcription factor ,030304 developmental biology ,Diatoms ,Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 ,PHOTOSYNTHESIS ,fungi ,Algal Proteins ,Genetic Complementation Test ,Biology and Life Sciences ,PHOTOPROTECTION ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Protein Biosynthesis ,Mutation ,biology.protein ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Cell division in photosynthetic organisms is tightly regulated by light. Although the light dependency of the onset of the cell cycle has been well characterized in various phototrophs, little is known about the cellular signaling cascades connecting light perception to cell cycle activation and progression. Here, we demonstrate that diatom-specific cyclin 2 (dsCYC2) in Phaeodactylum tricornutum displays a transcriptional peak within 15 min after light exposure, long before the onset of cell division. The product of dsCYC2 binds to the cyclin-dependent kinase CDKA1 and can complement G1 cyclin-deficient yeast. Consistent with the role of dsCYC2 in controlling a G1-to-S light-dependent cell cycle checkpoint, dsCYC2 silencing decreases the rate of cell division in diatoms exposed to light-dark cycles but not to constant light. Transcriptional induction of dsCYC2 is triggered by blue light in a fluence rate-dependent manner. Consistent with this, dsCYC2 is a transcriptional target of the blue light sensor AUREOCHROME1a, which functions synergistically with the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor bZIP10 to induce dsCYC2 transcription. The functional characterization of a cyclin whose transcription is controlled by light and whose activity connects light signaling to cell cycle progression contributes significantly to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying light-dependent cell cycle onset in diatoms.
- Published
- 2013
22. Damage to white matter pathways in subacute and chronic spatial neglect: a group study and 2 single-case studies with complete virtual 'in vivo' tractography dissection
- Author
-
Marilena Aiello, Massimo Silvetti, Francesco Tomaiuolo, Sheila Merola, Paolo Bartolomeo, Francesca Lecce, Fabrizio Doricchi, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of psychiatry-King‘s College London, Auxilium Vitae, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Clinical and Behavioral Neurology - Neuroscienze e riabilitazione, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia [Roma], Gent University, Department of Psychology, Catholic University, Dipartimento di Psicologia 39, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), and Thiebaut De Schotten, Michel
- Subjects
Male ,FRONTAL-LOBE INFARCTION ,Image Processing ,VISUAL NEGLECT ,cervello ,Nerve Fibers, Myelinated ,Functional Laterality ,attenzione spaziale ,materia bianca ,CEREBRAL-ARTERY INFARCTION ,User-Computer Interface ,Computer-Assisted ,Nerve Fibers ,0302 clinical medicine ,Supramarginal gyrus ,Leukoencephalopathies ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,LEFT UNILATERAL NEGLECT ,05 social sciences ,Superior longitudinal fasciculus ,THALAMIC HEMORRHAGE ,DIFFUSION-TENSOR MRI ,Middle Aged ,diffusion tensor imaging ,stroke ,Stroke ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,OF-THE-LITERATURE ,Sensation Disorders ,[SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,Female ,anatomy ,human ,spatial neglect ,Adult ,Aged ,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Humans ,Linear Models ,Perceptual Disorders ,Psychomotor Performance ,Visual Fields ,Psychology ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Posterior parietal cortex ,Inferior frontal gyrus ,050105 experimental psychology ,White matter ,Angular gyrus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,[SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,RIGHT-HEMISPHERE STROKE ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Inferior parietal lobule ,STIMULUS-DRIVEN ATTENTION ,HUMAN BRAIN-LESIONS ,Settore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia e Psicologia Fisiologica ,Myelinated ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
International audience; The exact anatomical localization of right hemisphere lesions that lead to left spatial neglect is still debated. The effect of confounding factors such as acute diaschisis and hypoperfusion, visual field defects, and lesion size may account for conflicting results that have been reported in the literature. Here, we present a comprehensive anatomical investigation of the gray- and white matter lesion correlates of left spatial neglect, which was run in a sample 58 patients with subacute or chronic vascular strokes in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery. Standard voxel-based correlates confirmed the role played by lesions in the posterior parietal cortex (supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, and temporal-parietal junction), in the frontal cortex (frontal eye field, middle and inferior frontal gyrus), and in the underlying parietal-frontal white matter. Using a new diffusion tensor imaging-based atlas of the human brain, we were able to run, for the first time, a detailed analysis of the lesion involvement of subcortical white matter pathways. The results of this analysis revealed that, among the different pathways linking parietal with frontal areas, damage to the second branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF II) was the best predictor of left spatial neglect. The group study also revealed a subsample of patients with neglect due to focal lesion in the lateral-dorsal portion of the thalamus, which connects the premotor cortex with the inferior parietal lobule. The relevance of fronto-parietal disconnection was further supported by complete in vivo tractography dissection of white matter pathways in 2 patients, one with and the other without signs of neglect. These 2 patients were studied both in the acute phase and 1 year after stroke and were perfectly matched for age, handedness, stroke onset, lesion size, and for cortical lesion involvement. Taken together, the results of the present study support the hypothesis that anatomical disconnections leading to a functional breakdown of parietal-frontal networks are an important pathophysiological factor leading to chronic left spatial neglect. Here, we propose that different loci of SLF disconnection on the rostro-caudal axis can also be associated with disconnection of short-range white matter pathways within the frontal or parietal areas. Such different local disconnection patterns can play a role in the important clinical variability of the neglect syndrome.
- Published
- 2012
23. The Istanbul consensus workshop on embryo assessment: proceedings of an expert meeting
- Author
-
Santiago Munné, L.A. Scott, Alan R. Thornhill, Lisa Cowan, Gloria Calderón, David K. Gardner, Jonathan Van Blerkom, Thorir Hardarson, Daniel R. Brison, Johan Smitz, Thomas Ebner, Basak Balaban, James Catt, Etienne Van den Abbeel, Kersti Lundin, M. Cristina Magli, Dominique Royere, Sharon T. Mortimer, Joe Conaghan, David Mortimer, Assisted Reproduction Unit, American Hospital, Department of Reproductive medicine, St Marys Hospital, Instituo Valenciano de Infertilitad (IVI), Melbourne IVF, Pacific Fertility Centre, Victoria Fertility Centre, IVF Unit, Landes Frauen & Kinderklin, Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Fertilitetscentrum, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SISMER, Oozoa Biomedical Inc, Reprogenetics, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Service de Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Fertility Centre of New England, Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado [Boulder], Rose Medicine Centre, Rose Mecicine Centre, Gent University Hospital, IBSA Institut Biochimique SA, Ferring International, Merck Serono SA, Alpha and ESHRE, Sahlgrenska University Hospital [Gothenburg], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Department of Embryology and Genetics, Follicle Biology, and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
- Subjects
Minimum Data Set ,medicine.medical_specialty ,[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT] ,animal structures ,assisted conception ,Standardization ,business.industry ,[SDV.OT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT] ,Rehabilitation ,Treatment outcome ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,embryo ,Embryo ,Embryo grading ,Embryo morphology ,consensus meeting ,Terminology ,Reproductive Medicine ,Current practice ,embryonic structures ,medicine ,Medical physics ,embryo assessment ,business ,oocyte - Abstract
Background: Many variations in oocyte and embryo grading make inter-laboratory comparisons extremely difficult. This paper reports the proceedings of an international consensus meeting on oocyte and embryo morphology assessment. Methods: Background presentations about current practice were given. Results: The expert panel developed a set of consensus points to define the minimumcriteria for oocyte and embryomorphology assessment. Conclusions: It is expected that the definition of common terminology and standardization of laboratory practice related to embryo morphology assessment will result in more effective comparisons of treatment outcomes. This document is intended to be referenced as a global consensus to allow standardized reporting of the minimum data set required for the accurate description of embryo development.
- Published
- 2011
24. Screening of Genes Encoding Adhesion Factors and Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Poultry
- Author
-
Mostafa Nemati, Katleen Hermans, Luc Devriese, Freddy Haesebrouck, Dominiek Maes, Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Bacteriology, Ilam university, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Gent University
- Subjects
Staphylococcus aureus ,Meticillin ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Virulence ,Drug resistance ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Bacterial genetics ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Food Animals ,medicine ,Animals ,Adhesins, Bacterial ,0303 health sciences ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,030306 microbiology ,Biofilm ,Life Sciences ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ,Staphylococcal Infections ,Bacterial adhesin ,Genes, Bacterial ,Biofilms ,Animal Science and Zoology ,MSCRAMM ,Chickens ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from poultry between 1970 and 1972 (90 old isolates) and in 2006 (81 recent isolates) were screened for the presence of bap, icaA and icaD genes associated with biofilm formation, and for bbp, cna, ebpS, eno, fib, fnbA, fnbB, clfA and clfB genes that encode microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs). Most of the old isolates were collected from broiler breeders affected by staphylococcal tenosynovitis and arthritis, whilst nearly all recent isolates were derived from the nose and cloaca of healthy broilers. Ten recent isolates belonged to the animal-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ST398. All isolates were positive for clfA, clfB, eno and fnbA, and were negative for bap and bbp. All recent isolates were also positive for ebpS and cna, and all old isolates were positive for fib. The average number of genes encoding adhesins and biofilm-associated proteins in both groups was eight per isolate. All MRSA ST398 isolates in this study were positive for icaD, cna, ebpS, eno, fnbA, fnbB, clfA and clfB. No relevant differences were found between the presence of adhesin and biofilm formation genes in old and recent S. aureus isolates or in isolates from healthy compared with diseased chickens. From this study, there is no indication that the presence of these genes has changed over time and no specific association could be found between the presence of certain MSCRAMM or biofilm genes in poultry S. aureus isolates and the isolate's capacity to cause disease.
- Published
- 2009
25. Building on the concept for marine biological valuation with respect to translating it to a practical protocol: Viewpoints derived from a joint ENCORA-MARBEF initiative
- Author
-
Derous, S., Austen, M., Claus, S., Daan, N., Dauvin, Jean-Claude, Deneudt, K., Depestele, J., Desroy, N., Heessen, H., Hostens, K., Marboe, A.H., Lescrauwaet, A.K., Moreno, M., Moulaert, I., Paelinckx, D., Rabaut, M., Rees, H., Ressurreição, A., Roff, J., Talhadas Santos, P., Speybroeck, J., Willem, E., Stienen, M., Tatarek, A., Hofstede R., Ter, Vincx, M., Zarzycki, T., Degraer, S., Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Synthèses sélective organique et produits naturels (SSOPN), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gent University, Department of Biology, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])
- Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2007
26. Terrestrial and submarine evidence for the extent and timing of the Last Glacial Maximum and the onset of deglaciation on the maritime-Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands
- Author
-
Hodgson, Dominic A., Graham, Alastair G.C., Roberts, Stephen J., Bentley, Michael J., Cofaigh, Colm Ó, Verleyen, Elie, Vyverman, Wim, Jomelli, Vincent, Favier, Vincent, Brunstein, Daniel, Verfaillie, Deborah, Colhoun, Eric A., Saunders, Krystyna M., Selkirk, Patricia M., Mackintosh, Andrew, Hedding, David W., Nel, Werner, Hall, Kevin, McGlone, Matt S., Van der Putten, Nathalie, Dickens, William A., Smith, James A., Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU), Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Gent University, Department of Biology, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Geography, Ghent University, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Earth and Climate
- Subjects
TIERRA-DEL-FUEGO ,MARION-ISLAND ,Sub-Antarctica ,Antarctic ice sheet ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Climate ,NEW-ZEALAND ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,FALKLAND-ISLANDS ,SOUTHERN INDIAN-OCEAN ,ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE ,Quaternary ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,910 Geography & travel ,550 Earth sciences & geology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,MACQUARIE-ISLAND ,[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,Deglaciation ,Global and Planetary Change ,CLIMATE-CHANGE ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Geology ,Maritime Antarctica glaciation ,HEARD ISLAND ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,KERGUELEN-ISLANDS - Abstract
This paper is the maritime and sub–Antarctic contribution to the Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research (SCAR) Past Antarctic Ice Sheet Dynamics (PAIS) community Antarctic Ice Sheet reconstruction. The overarching aim for all sectors of Antarctica was to reconstruct the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice sheet extent and thickness, and map the subsequent deglaciation in a series of 5000 year time slices. However, our review of the literature found surprisingly few high quality chronological constraints on changing glacier extents on these timescales in the maritime and sub–Antarctic sector. Therefore, in this paper we focus on an assessment of the terrestrial and offshore evidence for the LGM ice extent, establishing minimum ages for the onset of deglaciation, and separating evidence of deglaciation from LGM limits from those associated with later Holocene glacier fluctuations. Evidence included geomorphological descriptions of glacial landscapes, radiocarbon dated basal peat and lake sediment deposits, cosmogenic isotope ages of glacial features and molecular biological data. We propose a classification of the glacial history of the maritime and sub–Antarctic islands based on this assembled evidence. These include: (Type I) islands which accumulated little or no LGM ice; (Type II) islands with a limited LGM ice extent but evidence of extensive earlier continental shelf glaciations; (Type III) seamounts and volcanoes unlikely to have accumulated significant LGM ice cover; (Type IV) islands on shallow shelves with both terrestrial and submarine evidence of LGM (and/or earlier) ice expansion; (Type V) Islands north of the Antarctic Polar Front with terrestrial evidence of LGM ice expansion; and (Type VI) islands with no data. Finally, we review the climatological and geomorphological settings that separate the glaciological history of the islands within this classification scheme.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Phase 2 study of the antitumour activity and safety of simlukafusp alfa (FAP-IL2v) combined with atezolizumab in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
- Author
-
Verlingue L, Italiano A, Prenen H, Guerra Alia EM, Tosi D, Perets R, Lugowska I, Moiseyenko V, Gumus M, Arslan C, Lindsay CR, Deva S, Taus Á, Oaknin A, Rottey S, Cicin I, Goksu SS, Smolin A, Roselló-Keränen S, Habigt C, Marbach D, Boetsch C, Dejardin D, Sleiman N, Evers S, Richard M, Ardeshir C, Charo J, Kraxner A, Teichgräber V, Keshelava N, and Dziadziuszko R
- Abstract
Background: Simlukafusp alfa (FAP-IL2v) is an immune cytokine engineered to selectively promote immune responses in the tumour microenvironment. We evaluated the antitumour activity and safety of FAP-IL2v plus atezolizumab in recurrent and/or metastatic cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a phase 2 basket study (NCT03386721)., Methods: Patients with confirmed metastatic, persistent or recurrent cervical SCC who had progressed on ≥1 anti-cancer therapy and had measurable disease were enrolled. FAP-IL2v 10 mg was administered once every 3 weeks (Q3W) or once weekly (QW) for 4 weeks then once every 2 weeks (Q2W) with the corresponding Q3W or Q2W atezolizumab regimens. The primary endpoint was objective response rate by investigator assessment., Findings: Forty-eight patients were enrolled (Q3W: n = 47; QW/Q2W: n = 1). Among 45 response evaluable patients, objective responses occurred in 12 patients (27%; CI 16.0-41.0), including 3 complete and 9 partial responses. Responses occurred in 6/19 PD-L1 positive patients (32%; 95% CI 15.4-54.0) and 5/24 PD-L1 negative patients (21%; 95% CI 9.2-35.6). Median duration of response was 13.3 months (95% CI 7.6-NE). Median progression-free survival was 3.7 months (95% CI 3.3-9.0). Adverse events (AEs) were consistent with the known safety profile of each drug. AEs leading to withdrawal of either agent occurred in 6 patients (13%). Pronounced expansion and activation of natural killer and CD8 T cells in peripheral blood and increased tumour infiltration and inflammation were observed., Interpretation: FAP-IL2v plus atezolizumab is clinically active and has manageable safety in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic cervical SCC., Funding: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests L. Verlingue reports grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb; royalties or licenses from RESOLVED; payment or honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squibb; leadership or fiduciary role as CEO of RESOLVED; stock or stock options from RESOLVED; as part of the Drug Development Department (DITEP) of Gustave Roussy and Early Phase Unit of Centre Léon Bérard, L. Verlingue reports being Principal/Sub-Investigator of clinical trials for AbbVie, Adaptimmune, Aduro Biotech, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, argenx, Arno Therapeutics, Astex Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, AVEO pharmaceuticals, Basilea Pharmaceutica, Bayer, BBB Technologies, BeiGene, Blueprint Medicines, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Pharmaceuticals, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene Corporation, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Clovis Oncology, Cullinan-Apollo, Daiichi Sankyo, Debiopharm, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Exelixis, Faron Pharmaceuticals, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Forma Therapeutics, GamaMabs Pharma, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, H3 Biomedicine, ImCheck Therapeutics, Innate Pharma, Institut De Recherche Pierre Fabre, Iris Servier, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Kura Oncology, Kyowa Kirin, Loxo Oncology, Lytix Biopharma, Medimmune, Menarini Ricerche, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Merus, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Molecular Partners, Nanobiotix, Nektar Therapeutics, Novartis, Octimet Oncology, Oncoethix, Oncopeptides, Orion Pharma, Ose Pharma, Pfizer, PharmaMar, Pierre Fabre, Medicament, Sanofi, Seattle Genetics, SOTIO, Servier, Syros Pharmaceuticals, Taiho Pharma, Tesaro, and Xencor; research grants from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Novartis, Onxeo, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi; non-financial support (drug supplied) from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medimmune, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, NH TherAGuiX, Onxeo, and Pfizer. H. Prenen reports payment or honoraria for presentations from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Roche, and Sanofi; support for attending meetings from AstraZeneca, Bayer, and Roche; personal fees for participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for Biocartis and Cureteq. E. M. Guerra Alia reports personal consulting fees for AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, PharmaMar, and Roche; payment or honoraria from AstraZeneca (personal), Clovis Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, and PharmaMar; personal payment for expert testimony from AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, PharmaMar, and Roche; personal support for attending meetings and/or travel from AstraZeneca and GlaxoSmithKline. R. Perets reports personal consulting fees for 1Etx, Galmed Therapeutics, and Gilboa Therapeutics; payment or honoraria from Merck Sharpe & Dohme; support for attending meetings and/or travel from Pfizer. I Lugowska reports grants or contracts from Agenus and Roche; personal payment or honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, and Merck Sharpe & Dohme; support for attending a meeting and/or travel from ESMO; other financial interests or non-financial interests from Clinnote. A. Taus reports payment or honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, and Takeda. A. Oaknin reports institutional funding from AbbVie, Advaxis, Aeterna Zentaris, Amgen, Aprea Therapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Clovis Oncology, Eisai, Immunogen, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, PharmaMar, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Roche, and Tesaro; personal fees for participation on an Advisory Board from Agenus, AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Corcept Therapeutics, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, EMD Serono, Genmab, GlaxoSmithKline, ImmunoGen, Itheos, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Mersana Therapeutics, Novocure, OneXerna Therapeutics, PharmaMar, Regeneron, Roche, Sattucklabs, Seagen, and Sutro Biopharm. S. Goksu reports institutional payment or honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Novartis, and Pfizer; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board from Novartis and Pfizer. S. Roselló-Keränen reports personal payment or honoraria for presentations from Amgen, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, and Servier; personal fees for participation on an Advisory Board from Pierre Fabre and Sirtex. R. Dziadziuszko reports personal consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Pfizer, Novartis, Roche, and Takeda; payment or honoraria from AstraZeneca, Amgen, Pfizer, Novartis, Roche, and Takeda; support for attending meetings and or travel from Pfizer; receipt of equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts, or other services from Novartis and Pfizer. C. Habigt is a Roche employee with stock options. D. Marbach is a Roche employee. C. Boetsch is a Roche employee with stock options. D. Dejardin is a Roche employee with patents/stocks. N. Sleiman is a Roche employee. S. Evers is a former Roche employee and current shareholder. M. Richard is a Roche employee with stock options. C. Ardeshir is a Roche employee and shareholder. J. Charo is a Roche employee with patents/stocks. A. Kraxner is a Roche employee with stocks and stock options. V. Teichgräber is a Roche employee with stock options. N. Keshelava is a Roche employee with stock options. A. Italiano, D. Tosi, V. Moiseyenko, M. Gumus, C. Arslan, C. Lindsay, S. Deva, S. Rottey, I. Cicin, and A. Smolin have no disclosures to report., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Approaching ramp lesions from the different world of posterior knee compartment: A review of evidence with a proposal of a new classification and treatment.
- Author
-
Keyhani S, Mirahmadi A, Maleki A, Vosoughi F, Verdonk R, LaPrade RF, Landreau P, and Movahedinia M
- Abstract
Ramp lesions (RLs) are peripheral lesions that occur in the posterior part of the medial meniscus or where it attaches to the joint capsule. The classification of the medial meniscus RLs has been the focus of numerous studies and publications. This review provides an overview of RL's current classification and treatment options in anterior cruciate ligament deficient knees. The study also aims to present a more practical classification system for RLs to assist in treatment decision-making. For the first time, we also presented a new surgical treatment for incomplete inferior and double-complete RL based on the posterior knee arthroscopy that provides direct access to the posterior meniscal borders, enabling effective treatment and stronger biomechanical repair., Level of Evidence: Level V., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Hidden gems: Scattered knowledge hampered freshwater jellyfish research over the past one-and-a-half centuries.
- Author
-
Lüskow F, Bezio N, Caputo L, Chi X, Dumont HJ, Karunarathne KD, López-González PJ, Mańko MK, Marchessaux G, Suzuki KS, and Pakhomov EA
- Abstract
Freshwater jellyfish (= limnic medusa-budding hydrozoans, FWJ) are a small group of cnidarians found on all continents except Antarctica in temperate to tropical latitudes. Members of this group belong primarily to three genera: Astrohydra , Craspedacusta , and Limnocnida . While Astrohydra and Limnocnida are typically restricted to the islands of Japan, Africa, and the Indian subcontinent, one species or potential species complex, Craspedacusta sowerbii , became globally invasive. Despite research going back about one-and-a-half centuries, little is known about their phylogeny and ecology compared to marine jellyfish. Recent species distribution modelling, however, showed that by 2050, C. sowerbii will potentially extend their distribution ranges due to global warming to high-latitude ecosystems and be present (medusa stage) for an extended time in the seasonal limnic production cycle. An increase in their relative ecological importance with temporal and spatial spreading is hypothesised. Only recently, it has been shown that the trophic roles of polyps and medusae and their prey overlap with other ecosystem members. In addition, medusa behaviour may cause trophic cascades and alter vertical nutrient distributions. However, polyps and other benthic life cycle stages are understudied. In globally, changing freshwater ecosystems that may become more accommodating for FWJ, an improved understanding of their population biology and ecosystem ecology is urgently needed. In this integrative review, we, therefore, explore reasons for the hampered historical research progress, contrast developments with those of marine cnidarians, compile and publish alongside an extensive and unprecedented literature database, and formulate avenues for future directions in FWJ research., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Once-daily upadacitinib versus placebo in adults with extensive non-segmental vitiligo: a phase 2, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study.
- Author
-
Passeron T, Ezzedine K, Hamzavi I, van Geel N, Schlosser BJ, Wu X, Huang X, Soliman AM, Rosmarin D, Harris JE, Camp HS, and Pandya AG
- Abstract
Background: Janus kinase (JAK) inhibition is a promising approach for treating vitiligo. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib, an oral selective JAK inhibitor, in adults with non-segmental vitiligo., Methods: This was a phase 2, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study completed at 33 clinical centres in the United States, Canada, France, and Japan. Eligible patients were aged 18-65 years with non-segmental vitiligo and had a Facial Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (F-VASI) ≥0.5 and a Total Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (T-VASI) ≥5. Patients were randomly assigned (2:2:2:1:1) using an interactive response technology to receive upadacitinib 6 mg (UPA6), upadacitinib 11 mg (UPA11), upadacitinib 22 mg (UPA22), or placebo (PBO; preassigned to switch to either UPA11 or UPA22 in period 2) once daily for 24 weeks (period 1). For weeks 24-52 (period 2), patients randomly assigned to upadacitinib continued their treatment, and patients receiving PBO switched to their preassigned upadacitinib dose in a blinded fashion. The primary endpoint was the percent change from baseline in F-VASI at week 24. Efficacy was analysed in the intention-to-treat population, and safety was examined in all randomly assigned patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04927975., Findings: Between June 16, 2021, and June 27, 2022, 185 patients (including 115 [62%] who were female and 70 [38%] who were male) were randomly assigned to UPA6 (n = 49), UPA11 (n = 47), UPA22 (n = 43), or PBO (n = 46). At week 24, the LS mean difference versus PBO in the percent change from baseline in F-VASI was -7.60 (95% CI -22.18 to 6.97; p = 0.3037) for UPA6, -21.27 (95% CI -36.02 to -6.52; p = 0.0051) for UPA11, and -19.60 (95% CI -35.04 to -4.16; p = 0.0132) for UPA22. The LS mean difference versus PBO in the percent change from baseline in T-VASI was -7.45 (95% CI -16.86 to 1.96; p = 0.1198) for UPA6, -10.84 (95% CI -20.37 to -1.32; p = 0.0259) for UPA11 and -14.27 (95% CI -24.24 to -4.30; p = 0.0053) for UPA22. Ongoing treatment with upadacitinib induced continuous skin repigmentation over time without reaching a plateau through week 52. The rates for study drug discontinuation and serious treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were higher in the UPA22 group than in the UPA11 and UPA6 groups. Eight serious TEAEs, including one death of unknown cause and one case of infiltrating lobular breast carcinoma, were reported through 52 weeks; only two serious TEAEs (coronary artery arteriosclerosis [UPA6 (n = 1)] and non-fatal ischemic stroke [UPA11 (n = 1)]) were deemed by the investigator to have a reasonable possibility of being related to study drug. The one case of breast cancer in the UPA11 group was deemed unrelated to study drug, and the one death of unknown cause in the UPA22 group was reviewed and adjudicated and was deemed to be unrelated to study drug. The most common TEAEs were COVID-19, headache, acne, and fatigue. No new safety signals were observed., Interpretation: Upadacitinib monotherapy led to substantial repigmentation of both facial and total body vitiligo lesions and may offer an effective treatment option for adults with extensive non-segmental vitiligo. Based on these findings, upadacitinib 15 mg is being investigated in adults and adolescents with non-segmental vitiligo in an ongoing phase 3 randomised controlled trial., Funding: AbbVie Inc., Competing Interests: TP is a consultant for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Calypso, Galderma, Incyte Corporation, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Roivant, UCB, and VYNE Therapeutics. He has received grants and/or honoraria from AbbVie, ACM Pharma, Almirall, Amgen, Astellas, Bristol Myers Squibb, Calypso, Celgene, Galderma, Genzyme/Sanofi, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte Corporation, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Roivant, Sun Pharmaceuticals, UCB, and VYNE Therapeutics. He is the cofounder of YUKIN Therapeutics; and has patents on WNT agonists or GSK3b antagonist for repigmentation of vitiligo and the use of CXCR3B blockers in vitiligo. KE is a consultant for AbbVie, Incyte Corporation, La Roche-Posay, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Sanofi, and Viela Bio. IH is a consultant for AbbVie, Almirall, Avita, Boehringer Ingelheim, Galderma, Incyte, Jansen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sonoma, UCB, and Union Therapeutics. He is an investigator for Avita, Incyte, Lenicura, L’Oréal/Laroche Posay, and Pfizer, and a board member and past president of the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation and Global Vitiligo Foundation. NvG is a consultant and/or investigator for AbbVie, Pfizer, Incyte, MDS/Merck, and Sunpharma and has received grants from AbbVie, Incyte, Pfizer, and COURD-COUSIN Collaboration (C3). She is the chair of the Vitiligo International Task Force group. DR has served as a consultant, spoken for, or conducted trials for the following companies: AbbVie, Abcuro, AltruBio, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Celgene, Concert, CSL Behring, Dermavant, Dermira, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, Kyowa Kirin, Lilly, Merck, Nektar, Novartis, Pfizer, RAPT, Regeneron, Recludix, Revolo Biotherapeutics, Sanofi, Sun Pharmaceuticals, UCB, Viela Bio, and Zura Bio. JEH is a consultant for AbbVie, Aldena, Almiral, Avita, Biologics MD, Genzyme/Sanofi, Granular Therapeutics, Incyte, Klirna, LEO Pharma, Matchpoint Therapeutics, Merck, NIRA Biosciences, Pfizer, Sun Pharmaceuticals, Temprian Therapeutics, Vimela Therapeutics, and Vividion Therapeutics. He is an investigator for Genzyme/Sanofi, Incyte, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, and Sun Pharmaceuticals; and holds equity stock (founder) in Aldena, Klirna, NIRA Biosciences, and Vimela Therapeutics. AGP is a consultant for AbbVie, Arcutis, Avita, Immune Tolerance Network, Incyte, Pfizer, Thalocan, WCG/Trifecta, Twi Pharmaceuticals, Villaris, Vimela, and VYNE Therapeutics. He is an investigator for Incyte; and holds stock options in Tara Medical and Zerigo Health. BJS, XW, XH, AMS, and HSC are full-time employees of AbbVie and may own stock and/or options and patents., (© 2024 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Growth periodicity in semi-deciduous tropical tree species from the Congo Basin.
- Author
-
Luse Belanganayi B, Delvaux C, Kearsley E, Lievens K, Rousseau M, Mbungu Phaka C, Djiofack BY, Laurent F, Bourland N, Hubau W, De Mil T, and Beeckman H
- Abstract
In the tropics, more precisely in equatorial dense rainforest, xylogenesis is driven by a little distinct climatological seasonality, and many tropical trees do not show clear growth rings. This makes retrospective analyses and modeling of future tree performance difficult. This research investigates the presence, the distinctness, and the periodicity of growth ring for dominant tree species in two semi-deciduous rainforests, which contrast in terms of precipitation dynamics. Eighteen tree species common to both forests were investigated. We used the cambial marking technique and then verified the presence and periodicity of growth-ring boundaries in the wood produced between pinning and collection by microscopic and macroscopic observation. The study showed that all eighteen species can form visible growth rings in both sites. However, the periodicity of ring formation varied significantly within and between species, and within sites. Trees from the site with clearly defined dry season had a higher likelihood to form periodical growth rings compared to those from the site where rainfall seasonality is less pronounced. The distinctness of the formed rings however did not show a site dependency. Periodical growth-ring formation was more likely in fast-growing trees. Furthermore, improvements can be made by a detailed study of the cambial activity through microcores taken at high temporal resolution, to get insight on the phenology of the lateral meristem., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). Plant‐Environment Interactions published by New Phytologist Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Reading tea leaves worldwide: Decoupled drivers of initial litter decomposition mass-loss rate and stabilization.
- Author
-
Sarneel JM, Hefting MM, Sandén T, van den Hoogen J, Routh D, Adhikari BS, Alatalo JM, Aleksanyan A, Althuizen IHJ, Alsafran MHSA, Atkins JW, Augusto L, Aurela M, Azarov AV, Barrio IC, Beier C, Bejarano MD, Benham SE, Berg B, Bezler NV, Björnsdóttir K, Bolinder MA, Carbognani M, Cazzolla Gatti R, Chelli S, Chistotin MV, Christiansen CT, Courtois P, Crowther TW, Dechoum MS, Djukic I, Duddigan S, Egerton-Warburton LM, Fanin N, Fantappiè M, Fares S, Fernandes GW, Filippova NV, Fliessbach A, Fuentes D, Godoy R, Grünwald T, Guzmán G, Hawes JE, He Y, Hero JM, Hess LL, Hogendoorn K, Høye TT, Jans WWP, Jónsdóttir IS, Keller S, Kepfer-Rojas S, Kuz'menko NN, Larsen KS, Laudon H, Lembrechts JJ, Li J, Limousin JM, Lukin SM, Marques R, Marín C, McDaniel MD, Meek Q, Merzlaya GE, Michelsen A, Montagnani L, Mueller P, Murugan R, Myers-Smith IH, Nolte S, Ochoa-Hueso R, Okafor BN, Okorkov VV, Onipchenko VG, Orozco MC, Parkhurst T, Peres CA, Petit Bon M, Petraglia A, Pingel M, Rebmann C, Scheffers BR, Schmidt I, Scholes MC, Sheffer E, Shevtsova LK, Smith SW, Sofo A, Stevenson PR, Strouhalová B, Sundsdal A, Sühs RB, Tamene G, Thomas HJD, Tolunay D, Tomaselli M, Tresch S, Tucker DL, Ulyshen MD, Valdecantos A, Vandvik V, Vanguelova EI, Verheyen K, Wang X, Yahdjian L, Yumashev XS, and Keuskamp JA
- Subjects
- Carbon Cycle, Carbon metabolism, Plant Leaves
- Abstract
The breakdown of plant material fuels soil functioning and biodiversity. Currently, process understanding of global decomposition patterns and the drivers of such patterns are hampered by the lack of coherent large-scale datasets. We buried 36,000 individual litterbags (tea bags) worldwide and found an overall negative correlation between initial mass-loss rates and stabilization factors of plant-derived carbon, using the Tea Bag Index (TBI). The stabilization factor quantifies the degree to which easy-to-degrade components accumulate during early-stage decomposition (e.g. by environmental limitations). However, agriculture and an interaction between moisture and temperature led to a decoupling between initial mass-loss rates and stabilization, notably in colder locations. Using TBI improved mass-loss estimates of natural litter compared to models that ignored stabilization. Ignoring the transformation of dead plant material to more recalcitrant substances during early-stage decomposition, and the environmental control of this transformation, could overestimate carbon losses during early decomposition in carbon cycle models., (© 2024 The Authors. Ecology Letters published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Field-based molecular detection of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in critically endangered Atelopus toads and aquatic habitats in Ecuador.
- Author
-
Riascos-Flores LR, Bonilla J, Naranjo-Briceño L, Apunte-Ramos K, Reyes-Ortega GC, Cabrera M, Cáceres-Andrade JF, Carrera-Gonzalez A, Yánez-Galarza JK, Siavichay Pesántez F, Oyagata-Cachimuel LA, Goethals P, Celi J, Van der Heyden C, and Ortega-Andrade HM
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Batrachochytrium genetics, Ecuador, Bufonidae genetics, Amphibians microbiology, DNA, Ecosystem, Chytridiomycota genetics, DNA, Environmental
- Abstract
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a lethal fungal species that parasitizes vertebrates and is associated with the worldwide decline of amphibian populations. The development of sensitive, rapid detection methods, particularly DNA-based techniques, is critical for effective management strategies. This study evaluates the efficacy of DNA extraction and a portable PCR device in a mountable field laboratory setup for detecting Bd near the habitats of three critically endangered Atelopus toad species in Ecuador. We collected skin swabs from Atelopus balios, A. nanay, and A. bomolochos, and environmental DNA (eDNA) samples from streams in Andean and coastal regions of Ecuador. For eDNA, a comparison was made with duplicates of the samples that were processed in the field and in a standard university laboratory. Our findings revealed Bd detection in eDNA and swabs from 6 of 12 water samples and 10 of 12 amphibian swab samples. The eDNA results obtained in the field laboratory were concordant with those obtained under campus laboratory conditions. These findings highlight the potential of field DNA-based monitoring techniques for detecting Bd in amphibian populations and their aquatic habitats, particularly in remote areas. Furthermore, this research aligns with the National Action Plan for the Conservation of Ecuadorian Amphibians and contributes to the global effort to control this invasive and deadly fungus., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Riascos-Flores et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Mechanistic insight into the functional role of human sinoatrial node conduction pathways and pacemaker compartments heterogeneity: A computer model analysis.
- Author
-
Zhao J, Sharma R, Kalyanasundaram A, Kennelly J, Bai J, Li N, Panfilov A, and Fedorov VV
- Subjects
- Humans, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Adenosine, Computer Simulation, Sinoatrial Node physiology, Heart Conduction System
- Abstract
The sinoatrial node (SAN), the primary pacemaker of the heart, is responsible for the initiation and robust regulation of sinus rhythm. 3D mapping studies of the ex-vivo human heart suggested that the robust regulation of sinus rhythm relies on specialized fibrotically-insulated pacemaker compartments (head, center and tail) with heterogeneous expressions of key ion channels and receptors. They also revealed up to five sinoatrial conduction pathways (SACPs), which electrically connect the SAN with neighboring right atrium (RA). To elucidate the role of these structural-molecular factors in the functional robustness of human SAN, we developed comprehensive biophysical computer models of the SAN based on 3D structural, functional and molecular mapping of ex-vivo human hearts. Our key finding is that the electrical insulation of the SAN except SACPs, the heterogeneous expression of If, INa currents and adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) across SAN pacemaker-conduction compartments are required to experimentally reproduce observed SAN activation patterns and important phenomena such as shifts of the leading pacemaker and preferential SACP. In particular, we found that the insulating border between the SAN and RA, is required for robust SAN function and protection from SAN arrest during adenosine challenge. The heterogeneity in the expression of A1R within the human SAN compartments underlies the direction of pacemaker shift and preferential SACPs in the presence of adenosine. Alterations of INa current and fibrotic remodelling in SACPs can significantly modulate SAN conduction and shift the preferential SACP/exit from SAN. Finally, we show that disease-induced fibrotic remodeling, INa suppression or increased adenosine make the human SAN vulnerable to pacing-induced exit blocks and reentrant arrhythmia. In summary, our computer model recapitulates the structural and functional features of the human SAN and can be a valuable tool for investigating mechanisms of SAN automaticity and conduction as well as SAN arrhythmia mechanisms under different pathophysiological conditions., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Zhao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Taxonomic and Feeding Trait-Based Analysis of Macroinvertebrates in the Antisana River Basin (Ecuadorian Andean Region).
- Author
-
Cabrera-García S, Goethals PLM, Lock K, Domínguez-Granda L, Villacís M, Galárraga-Sánchez R, Van der Heyden C, and Eurie Forio MA
- Abstract
High-elevation tropical streams are under increasing threat from human activities and climate change. Specifically, Ecuadorian Andean streams require priority actions such as bioassessment (e.g., biodiversity and functional ecology of macroinvertebrates) in order to generate adequate environmental management policies. Therefore, we investigated the distribution and composition of the macroinvertebrate taxa and their functional feeding groups in relation to the environmental variables in the Antisana river basin (Andean-Ecuadorian Region). We sampled macroinvertebrates from 15 locations to assess ecological conditions (ECs), expressed as the Biological Monitoring Working Party Colombia (BMWP-Col) classes, the Andean Biotic Index (ABI) and the Andean-Amazon Biotic Index (AAMBI). Results indicate that dissolved oxygen saturation, elevation, nutrient concentration and conductivity contributed significantly to the composition of the taxa and functional feeding groups (FFGs). Taxa diversity and FFGs were more abundant in the best EC sites. Shredders (SH) were, overall, dominant and abundant at sites with medium-high ECs. Scrapers constituted the second most prevalent assemblage, exerting dominance at moderate ecological conditions (high altitude and high oxygen saturation). Collector-gathers (CGs) are less sensitive to contamination than the previous two groups but were equally abundant at medium-high EC sites. Collector-filterers (CFs) and parasites (PAs) were less abundant, although the presence of the former was slightly related to better environmental conditions. Predators (PRs) were almost absent throughout the study, but they were collected from poor EC sites. CGs, PAs and PRs showed more tolerance to the presence of human disturbances (e.g., hydraulic constructions or slope erosion). The BMWP-Col index seems to be the best fit for this ecosystem, showing a significant difference in FFG between the index classes, compared to the other indices evaluated. The results of this investigation may be regarded as a fundamental starting point and used in future bioassessment work in other similar ecosystems, particularly high-altitude tropical Ecuadorian streams.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Comparison between the gut bacterial community of laboratory cultured and wild Daphnia.
- Author
-
Houwenhuyse S, Callens M, Bulteel L, and Decaestecker E
- Abstract
The fitness of an organism is often impacted by the composition and biological activity of its associated bacterial community. Many factors, including host genetics, diet, and temperature can influence the bacterial community composition. Furthermore, these factors can differ strongly between natural and laboratory environments. Consequently, several studies have highlighted results from laboratory experiments investigating host-associated bacterial communities to be conflicting with those obtained under field conditions. Here, we compared the Daphnia magna gut bacterial communities in natural host populations with those of laboratory cultured hosts. We further analyzed changes in the gut bacterial communities after transferring hosts from natural populations to the laboratory on the short- and long-term. Results show that, in general, the gut bacterial communities from natural populations differ from those of laboratory cultures and that their composition and diversity changed one hour after being transferred to the laboratory. Over the following 14 days, the composition and diversity changed gradually. On the longer term (after two years of rearing hosts in the laboratory) the composition and diversity of the gut bacterial communities was strongly altered compared to the initial state. Our findings indicate that the gut bacterial communities of Daphnia magna in laboratory experiments is not representative for natural field conditions, and that caution should be taken when interpreting results from laboratory experiments for natural settings., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Using ecotourism boats for estimating the abundance of a bottlenose dolphin population in south-eastern Australia.
- Author
-
Lacetera P, Mason SJ, Tixier P, and Arnould JPY
- Subjects
- Animals, Ships, Cetacea, Population Dynamics, Australia, Bottle-Nosed Dolphin
- Abstract
It is challenging to collect robust, long-term datasets to properly monitor the viability and social structure of large, long-lived animals, especially marine mammals. The present study used a unique long-term dataset to investigate the population parameters and social structure of a poorly studied population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in southern Port Phillip Bay, south-eastern Australia. Photo-identification images have been collected between 2012-2022 both opportunistically and following a protocol by patrons, staff, and volunteers of ecotourism companies using their vessels as platforms. The resulting large dataset was available to be processed through the online platform Flukebook and used in capture recapture models to estimate abundance and demographic parameters. In addition, the social structure of the population and the reproductive parameters were investigated. The marked adult population abundance (45.2 ± 2.7 individuals) was found to be stable over the last decade and the calving rate ranged between 0.06-0.19 new calves per identified individuals per year, while the inter-birth interval was 3.7 ± 0.8 years. Social analysis suggested the population has a fission-fusion structure with no apparent clusters. The stability of the population over the study period suggests no deleterious effect of anthropogenic or environmental factors during the last decade. This study is the outcome of the effort of the ecotourism organisations and the results obtained, along with their similarity to those of other dolphin populations worldwide, highlight the importance of such data sources for long-term information that would otherwise be too expensive or logistically difficult to obtain., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Lacetera et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Next generation of astronauts or ESA astronaut 2.0 concept and spotlight on immunity.
- Author
-
Jacob P, Oertlin C, Baselet B, Westerberg LS, Frippiat JP, and Baatout S
- Abstract
Although we have sent humans into space for more than 50 years, crucial questions regarding immune response in space conditions remain unanswered. There are many complex interactions between the immune system and other physiological systems in the human body. This makes it difficult to study the combined long-term effects of space stressors such as radiation and microgravity. In particular, exposure to microgravity and cosmic radiation may produce changes in the performance of the immune system at the cellular and molecular levels and in the major physiological systems of the body. Consequently, abnormal immune responses induced in the space environment may have serious health consequences, especially in future long-term space missions. In particular, radiation-induced immune effects pose significant health challenges for long-duration space exploration missions with potential risks to reduce the organism's ability to respond to injuries, infections, and vaccines, and predispose astronauts to the onset of chronic diseases (e.g., immunosuppression, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, gut dysbiosis). Other deleterious effects encountered by radiation may include cancer and premature aging, induced by dysregulated redox and metabolic processes, microbiota, immune cell function, endotoxin, and pro-inflammatory signal production
1,2 . In this review, we summarize and highlight the current understanding of the effects of microgravity and radiation on the immune system and discuss knowledge gaps that future studies should address., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Integrating human papillomavirus testing as a point-of care service using GeneXpert platforms: Findings and lessons from a Kenyan pilot study (2019-2020).
- Author
-
Mwenda V, Bor JP, Nyangasi M, Njeru J, Olwande S, Njiri P, Arbyn M, Weyers S, Tummers P, and Temmerman M
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Kenya epidemiology, Human Papillomavirus Viruses, Pilot Projects, Early Detection of Cancer methods, Point-of-Care Systems, Mass Screening methods, Acetic Acid, Papillomaviridae genetics, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Papillomavirus Infections diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Globally, cervical cancer is a major public health problem, with about 604,000 new cases and over 340,000 deaths in 2020. In Kenya, it is the leading cause of cancer deaths, with over 3,000 women dying in 2020 alone. Both the Kenyan cancer screening guidelines and the World Health Organization's Global Cervical Cancer Elimination Strategy recommend human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as the primary screening test. However, HPV testing is not widely available in the public healthcare system in Kenya. We conducted a pilot study using a point of care (POC) HPV test to inform national roll-out., Methods: The pilot was implemented from October 2019 to December 2020, in nine health facilities across six counties. We utilized the GeneXpert platform (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), currently used for TB, Viral load testing and early infant diagnosis for HIV, for HPV screening. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) was used for triage of HPV-positive women, as recommended in national guidelines. Quality assurance (QA) was performed by the National Oncology Reference Laboratory (NORL), using the COBAS 4800 platform (Roche Molecular System, Pleasanton, CF, USA). HPV testing was done using either self or clinician-collected samples. We assessed the following screening performance indicators: screening coverage, screen test positivity, triage compliance, triage positivity and treatment compliance. Test agreement between local GeneXpert and central comparator high-risk HPV (hrHPV) testing for a random set of specimens was calculated as overall concordance and kappa value. We conducted a final evaluation and applied the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) to identify implementation challenges and opportunities., Key Findings: The screening coverage of target population was 27.0% (4500/16,666); 52.8% (2376/4500) were between 30-49 years of age. HPV positivity rate was 22.8% (1027/4500). Only 10% (105/1027) of HPV positive cases were triaged with VIA/VILI; 21% (22/105) tested VIA/VILI positive, and 73% (16/22) received treatment (15 received cryotherapy, 1 was referred for biopsy). The median HPV testing turnaround time (TAT) was 24 hours (IQR 2-48 hours). Invalid sample rate was 2.0% (91/4500). Concordance between the Cepheid and COBAS was 86.2% (kappa value = 0.71). Of 1042 healthcare workers, only 5.6% (58/1042) were trained in cervical cancer screening and treatment, and only 69% (40/58) of those trained were stationed at service provision areas. Testing capacity was identifed as the main challenge, while the community strategy was the main opportunity., Conclusion: HPV testing can be performed on GeneXpert as a near point of care platform. However, triage compliance and testing TAT were major concerns. We recommend strengthening of the screening-triage-treatment cascade and expansion of testing capacity, before adoption of a GeneXpert-based HPV screening among other near point of care platforms in Kenya., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Mwenda et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Mucin-microbiome signatures shape the tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer.
- Author
-
Oosterlinck B, Ceuleers H, Arras W, De Man JG, Geboes K, De Schepper H, Peeters M, Lebeer S, Skieceviciene J, Hold GL, Kupcinskas J, Link A, De Winter BY, and Smet A
- Subjects
- Humans, Mucin-2 genetics, Tumor Microenvironment, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Mucin-6 genetics, Phenotype, Stomach Neoplasms genetics, Stomach Neoplasms metabolism, Stomach Neoplasms pathology, Adenocarcinoma, Microbiota
- Abstract
Background and Aims: We aimed to identify mucin-microbiome signatures shaping the tumor microenvironment in gastric adenocarcinomas and clinical outcomes., Methods: We performed high-throughput profiling of the mucin phenotypes present in 108 gastric adenocarcinomas and 20 functional dyspepsia cases using validated mucin-based RT-qPCRs with subsequent immunohistochemistry validation and correlated the data with clinical outcome parameters. The gastric microbiota was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, taxonomy, and community composition determined, microbial networks analyzed, and the metagenome inferred in association with mucin phenotypes and expression., Results: Gastric adenocarcinomas with an intestinal mucin environment or high-level MUC13 expression are associated with poor survival. On the contrary, gastric MUC5AC or MUC6 abundance was associated with a more favorable outcome. The oral taxa Neisseria, Prevotella, and Veillonella had centralities in tumors with intestinal and mixed phenotypes and were associated with MUC13 overexpression, highlighting their role as potential drivers in MUC13 signaling in GC. Furthermore, dense bacterial networks were observed in intestinal and mixed mucin phenotype tumors whereas the lowest community complexity was shown in null mucin phenotype tumors due to higher Helicobacter abundance resulting in a more decreased diversity. Enrichment of oral or intestinal microbes was mucin phenotype dependent. More specifically, intestinal mucin phenotype tumors favored the establishment of pro-inflammatory oral taxa forming strong co-occurrence networks., Conclusions: Our results emphasize key roles for mucins in gastric cancer prognosis and shaping microbial networks in the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, the enriched oral taxa associated with aberrant MUC13 expression can be potential biomarkers in predicting disease outcomes. Video Abstract., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. AMI in (bi)ventricular pacing - do not discard the ECG.
- Author
-
Versyck T, Devriese D, Smith S, Calle P, and Borin C
- Subjects
- Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, Electrocardiography, Chest Pain, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction diagnosis, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction therapy, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Myocardial Infarction diagnosis, Myocardial Infarction therapy
- Abstract
Background: There is a growing number of patients with ventricular paced rhythm, who present to the emergency department with chest pain. The diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and subsequent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is often postponed, as the 12 leads-electrocardiogram (ECG) is discarded as not interpretable. There is a growing body of literature that suggests that Smith-modified Sgarbossa criteria can be applied for the diagnosis of STEMI in patients with paced rhythms. These criteria were originally developed for the interpretation of ECGs in patients with a left bundle branch block (LBBB) and chest pain, but have been expanded to paced ECGs., Methodology: We present three case reports with chest pain and right ventricular or biventricular pacing., Findings: In all three cases, the Smith-modified Sgarbossa was positive and the diagnosis of STEMI could have been made early on., Implications: It remains important to look for ST-segment deviations and to compare the symptomatic ECG with previous asymptomatic ECGs. As the number of patients with potential acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and paced rhythms is likely to rise in the future, these criteria should be known to emergency physicians and cardiologists.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Body mass index and occupational accidents among health care workers in a large university hospital.
- Author
-
Fraeyman N, De Bacquer D, Fiers T, Godderis L, Verhaeghe R, Eeckloo K, Gemmel P, Viaene L, and Mortier E
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Body Mass Index, Risk Factors, Hospitals, Health Personnel, Accidents, Occupational, Obesity epidemiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is associated with a number of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The association of obesity with occupational accidents has been suggested although the evidence is less convincing. The objective of the study is to analyse the relationship between BMI values and ergonomic accidents in a large University Hospital., Methods: The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of ergonomic occupational accidents over a period of 8 years was investigated in a cohort of employees of a large University Hospital, covering almost 27,000 person-years of observation. This relationship was stratified according to the variables age, gender, functional status within the organization and work schedule (part-time or full time). Height and weight were objectively measured, demographic data were obtained from the human resource department and the registration of ergonomic accidents was carried out by the safety and prevention department of the hospital., Results: The number of ergonomic accidents, expressed as number/1000 person-years was higher for female employees compared to male employees, increased with age and markedly increased from functional class A (leading or expert function and higher educational level) to D (executive function in patient care and technical department). However, the incidence of ergonomic accidents accompanied by loss of working time was not significantly associated with BMI, independently of age and gender. In addition, the type of accident and the severity of the accidents expressed as the number of days absent from work were unrelated to BMI., Conclusion: No independent relationship between BMI and the incidence of ergonomic accidents could be identified in our cohort. Tailoring working conditions to individual BMI levels is not recommended.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. CT Characteristics of the Thymus in Adult Dogs with Non-Thymic Neoplasia Compared to Young Dogs.
- Author
-
Cordella A, Saunders JH, and Stock E
- Abstract
The thymus is a lymphatic mediastinal organ that is largely subject to changes with age. In human patients, the CT characteristics of the thymus in children and adults is well described. Furthermore, it is known in human medicine that stress can lead to a reduction in the size of the thymus, followed by a phase of hyperplasia (called the 'rebound effect'). The visualization of thymic tissue in the cranial mediastinum of adult dogs with neoplasia is possible and could be related to a similar effect. In this study, we aimed to describe the CT characteristics of the thymus in adult dogs with neoplasia and to compare the aspect of the thymus in these dogs to juvenile dogs with a presumed normal thymus. A total of 11 adult dogs with neoplasia and 20 juvenile dogs were included. Several CT features of the thymus were evaluated, including the size, shape, and pre- and post-contrast attenuation values. The overall appearance was lobulated in all of the adult dogs and homogeneous in all of the juvenile dogs; it was left-sided in all of the adult dogs, while it was located in the midline in a few of the juvenile dogs (right-sided only in one). The thymus was less attenuating in adult dogs, in some cases with negative minimum pre-contrast attenuation values. In some dogs with neoplasia, the thymus can be detected at CT examination despite their age.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Views of physiotherapists on factors that play a role in ethical decision-making: an international online survey study.
- Author
-
Sturm A, Roth R, and Ager AL
- Abstract
Background: There is a lack of knowledge about the ways physiotherapists around the world learn about professional code of ethics and ethical decision-making frameworks. The profession has a gap in the understanding about physiotherapists' views on factors that play a role in ethical decision-making and whether these views differ between World Physiotherapy regions., Methods: An online survey study in English was conducted from October 2018 to October 2019. Participants included 559 physiotherapists located in 72 countries. The self-designed survey questionnaire contained 13 items asking about demographic information and means of learning about ethical codes and decision-making frameworks. A further 30 items were presented which included statements underpinned with individual, organisational, situational and societal factors influencing ethical decision-making. Participants were asked to express their level of agreement or disagreement using a 5-point-Likert-scale., Results: Participants' highest rated responses endorsed that the professional role of physiotherapists is linked to social expectations of ethical behaviour and that ethical decision-making requires more skills than simply following a code of ethics. A recognisable organisational ethical culture was rated as supporting good ethical decisions. Comparing responses by World Physiotherapy regions showed significant differences in factors such as culture, religion, emotions, organisational values, significant others, consequences of professional misconduct and professional obligations. Entry level education was not perceived to provide a solid base for ethical decision-making in every World Physiotherapy region. Participants reported multiple sources for learning about a professional code of ethics and ethical decision-making frameworks. What's more, the number of sources differed between World Physiotherapy regions., Conclusions: Multiple factors play a role in physiotherapists' ethical decision-making internationally. Physiotherapists' ethical knowledge is informed by, and acquired from, several learning sources, which differ in both quality and quantity amongst World Physiotherapy regions. Easily accessible knowledge and education about professional codes of ethics and ethical decision-making can foster continuing professional development for physiotherapists. The establishment of constructive ethical cultures in workplaces can improve ethical decision-making, and should acknowledge the influence of individual, organisational, situational and societal factors. The establishment of collaborative learning environments can support knowledge translation which acknowledges practice-based methods of knowing and learning., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Cost-effectiveness of a new ACI technique for the treatment of articular cartilage defects of the knee compared to regularly used ACI technique and microfracture.
- Author
-
Snow M, Mandalia V, Custers R, Emans PJ, Kon E, Niemeyer P, Verdonk R, Gaissmaier C, Roeder A, Weinand S, Zöllner Y, and Schubert T
- Subjects
- Male, Humans, Cost-Benefit Analysis, State Medicine, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Chondrocytes, Cartilage, Articular, Fractures, Stress
- Abstract
Aims: For patients with cartilage defects of the knee, a new biocompatible and in situ cross-linkable albumin-hyaluronan-based hydrogel has been developed for matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation (M-ACI) - NOVOCART Inject plus (Ninject; TETEC AG, Reutlingen, Germany). We aimed to estimate the potential cost-effectiveness of NInject, that is not available on the market, yet compared to spheroids of human autologous matrix-associated chondrocytes (Spherox; CO.DON GmbH, Leipzig, Germany) and microfracture., Materials and Methods: An early Markov model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness in the United Kingdom (UK) from the payer perspective. Transition probabilities, response rates, utility values and costs were derived from literature. Since NInject has not yet been launched and no prices are available, its costs were assumed equal to those of Spherox. Cycle length was set at one year and the time horizon chosen was notional patients' remaining lifetime. Model robustness was evaluated with deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (DSA; PSA) and value of information analysis (VOIA). The Markov model was built using TreeAge Pro Healthcare., Results: NInject was cost-effective compared to microfracture (ICER: ₤5,147) while Spherox was extendedly dominated. In sensitivity analyses, the ICER exceeded conventional WTP threshold of ₤20,000 only when the utility value after successful first treatment with NInject was decreased by 20% (ICER: ₤69,620). PSA corroborated the cost-effectiveness findings of NInject, compared to both alternatives, with probabilities of 60% of NInject undercutting the aforementioned WTP threshold and being the most cost-effective alternative. The VOIA revealed that obtaining additional evidence on the new technology will likely not be cost-effective for the UK National Health Service., Limitations and Conclusion: This early Markov model showed that NInject is cost-effective for the treatment of articular cartilage defects in the knee, compared to Spherox and microfracture. However, as the final price of NInject has yet to be determined, the cost-effectiveness analysis performed in this study is provisional, assuming equal prices for NInject and Spherox.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) are able to recover from lordosis.
- Author
-
Printzi A, Mazurais D, Witten PE, Madec L, Gonzalez AA, Mialhe X, Zambonino-Infante JL, and Koumoundouros G
- Subjects
- Animals, Swimming, Bone Remodeling, Zebrafish genetics, Lordosis genetics
- Abstract
Haemal lordosis, a frequent skeletal deformity in teleost fish, has long been correlated with increased mechanical loads induced by swimming activity. In the present study, we examine whether juvenile zebrafish can recover from haemal lordosis and explore the musculoskeletal mechanisms involved. Juveniles were subjected to a swimming challenge test (SCT) that induced severe haemal lordosis in 49% of the animals and then immediately transferred them to 0.0 total body lengths (TL) per second of water velocity for a week. The recovery from lordosis was examined by means of whole mount staining, histology and gene expression analysis. Results demonstrate that 80% of the lordotic zebrafish are capable of internal and external recovery within a week after the SCT. Recovered individuals presented normal shape of the vertebral centra, maintaining though distorted internal tissue organization. Through the transcriptomic analysis of the affected haemal regions, several processes related to chromosome organization, DNA replication, circadian clock and transcription regulation were enriched within genes significantly regulated behind this musculoskeletal recovery procedure. Genes especially involved in adipogenesis, bone remodeling and muscular regeneration were regulated. A remodeling tissue-repair hypothesis behind haemal lordosis recovery is raised. Limitations and future possibilities for zebrafish as a model organism to clarify mechanically driven musculoskeletal changes are discussed., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Analysis of ergonomic occupational accidents and near misses in a large Belgian university hospital.
- Author
-
Fraeyman N, de Bacquer D, Clays E, Fiers T, Godderis L, Verhaeghe R, Viaene L, and Mortier E
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Male, Belgium epidemiology, Hospitals, University, Risk Factors, Personnel, Hospital statistics & numerical data, Accidents, Occupational prevention & control, Accidents, Occupational statistics & numerical data, Ergonomics, Near Miss, Healthcare statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Introduction: Health-care organizations are facing a high burden of ergonomic occupational accidents, and prevention is a continuous point of interest. In this manuscript, we describe the characteristics of ergonomic accidents in a large Belgian university hospital and discuss the value of near misses., Methods: Combining databases, we identified the frequency [number of accidents × 10
6 hours worked per year], severity (number of days off work × 103 hours worked per year), and profile of the victims of occupational ergonomic accidents (with absence from work) or incidents or near-misses (without absence from work). Ergonomic accidents and incidents include slips, trips, falls, injurious body movements, overexertion, and handling heavy weights., Results: In a period of 23 years, we noticed a significant decrease in the frequency of ergonomic accidents (from about 7 to about 4 standard units), without changes in the severity. The decrease in the frequency of accidents is mirrored by an increase in the frequency of incidents (from about 4 to about 6 standard units). Female and older employees are more vulnerable to accidents, and the frequency was between two and four times higher for employees mostly involved in manual tasks compared to employees mostly involved in managerial tasks. The profile of the victims and the causes of accidents and incidents were identical., Conclusion: Although it is premature to assume a cause-consequence relationship between incidents and accidents, it is tempting to speculate that the increased ratio of the frequencies of incidents over accidents might be one of the variables reflecting the adequacy of preventive measures and the growth of safety behavior.- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Efficacy of a Drug-Eluting Stent Versus Bare Metal Stents for Symptomatic Femoropopliteal Peripheral Artery Disease: Primary Results of the EMINENT Randomized Trial.
- Author
-
Gouëffic Y, Torsello G, Zeller T, Esposito G, Vermassen F, Hausegger KA, Tepe G, Thieme M, Gschwandtner M, Kahlberg A, Schindewolf M, Sapoval M, Diaz-Cartelle J, and Stavroulakis K
- Subjects
- Humans, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Vascular Patency, Popliteal Artery diagnostic imaging, Popliteal Artery pathology, Femoral Artery pathology, Stents, Paclitaxel, Polymers, Treatment Outcome, Drug-Eluting Stents, Peripheral Arterial Disease diagnostic imaging, Peripheral Arterial Disease therapy, Peripheral Arterial Disease pathology
- Abstract
Background: A clear patency benefit of a drug-eluting stent (DES) over bare metal stents (BMSs) for treating peripheral artery disease of the femoropopliteal segment has not been definitively demonstrated. The EMINENT study (Trial Comparing Eluvia Versus Bare Metal Stent in Treatment of Superficial Femoral and/or Proximal Popliteal Artery) was designed to evaluate the patency of the Eluvia DES (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA), a polymer-coated paclitaxel-eluting stent, compared with BMSs for the treatment of femoropopliteal artery lesions., Methods: EMINENT is a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter European study with blinded participants and outcome assessment. Patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (Rutherford category 2, 3, or 4) of the native superficial femoral artery or proximal popliteal artery with stenosis ≥70%, vessel diameter of 4 to 6 mm, and total lesion length of 30 to 210 mm were randomly assigned 2:1 to treatment with DES or BMS. The primary effectiveness outcome was primary patency at 12 months, defined as independent core laboratory-assessed duplex ultrasound peak systolic velocity ratio ≤2.4 in the absence of clinically driven target lesion revascularization or surgical bypass of the target lesion. Primary sustained clinical improvement was a secondary outcome defined as a decrease in Rutherford classification of ≥1 categories compared with baseline without a repeat target lesion revascularization. Health-related quality of life and walking function were assessed., Results: A total of 775 patients were randomly assigned to treatment with DES (n=508) or commercially available BMSs (n=267). Baseline clinical, demographic, and lesion characteristics were similar between the study groups. Mean lesion length was 75.6±50.3 and 72.2±47.0 mm in the DES and BMS groups, respectively. The 12-month incidence of primary patency for DES treatment (83.2% [337 of 405]) was significantly greater than for BMS (74.3% [165 of 222]; P <0.01). Incidence of primary sustained clinical improvement was greater among patients treated with the DES than among those who received a BMS (83.0% versus 76.6%; P =0.045). The health-related quality of life dimensions of mobility and pain/discomfort improved for the majority of patients in both groups (for 66.4% and 53.6% of DES-treated and for 64.2% and 58.1% of BMS-treated patients, respectively) but did not differ significantly. At 12 months, no statistical difference was observed in all-cause mortality between patients treated with the DES or BMS (2.7% [13 of 474] versus 1.1% [3 of 263]; relative risk, 2.4 [95% CI, 0.69-8.36]; P =0.15)., Conclusions: By demonstrating superior 1-year primary patency, the results of the EMINENT randomized study support the benefit of using a polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stent as a first-line stent-based intervention for patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease attributable to femoropopliteal lesions., Registration: URL: https://www., Clinicaltrials: gov; Unique identifier: NCT02921230.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Genotype-phenotype correlations in SCN8A-related disorders reveal prognostic and therapeutic implications.
- Author
-
Johannesen KM, Liu Y, Koko M, Gjerulfsen CE, Sonnenberg L, Schubert J, Fenger CD, Eltokhi A, Rannap M, Koch NA, Lauxmann S, Krüger J, Kegele J, Canafoglia L, Franceschetti S, Mayer T, Rebstock J, Zacher P, Ruf S, Alber M, Sterbova K, Lassuthová P, Vlckova M, Lemke JR, Platzer K, Krey I, Heine C, Wieczorek D, Kroell-Seger J, Lund C, Klein KM, Au PYB, Rho JM, Ho AW, Masnada S, Veggiotti P, Giordano L, Accorsi P, Hoei-Hansen CE, Striano P, Zara F, Verhelst H, Verhoeven JS, Braakman HMH, van der Zwaag B, Harder AVE, Brilstra E, Pendziwiat M, Lebon S, Vaccarezza M, Le NM, Christensen J, Grønborg S, Scherer SW, Howe J, Fazeli W, Howell KB, Leventer R, Stutterd C, Walsh S, Gerard M, Gerard B, Matricardi S, Bonardi CM, Sartori S, Berger A, Hoffman-Zacharska D, Mastrangelo M, Darra F, Vøllo A, Motazacker MM, Lakeman P, Nizon M, Betzler C, Altuzarra C, Caume R, Roubertie A, Gélisse P, Marini C, Guerrini R, Bilan F, Tibussek D, Koch-Hogrebe M, Perry MS, Ichikawa S, Dadali E, Sharkov A, Mishina I, Abramov M, Kanivets I, Korostelev S, Kutsev S, Wain KE, Eisenhauer N, Wagner M, Savatt JM, Müller-Schlüter K, Bassan H, Borovikov A, Nassogne MC, Destrée A, Schoonjans AS, Meuwissen M, Buzatu M, Jansen A, Scalais E, Srivastava S, Tan WH, Olson HE, Loddenkemper T, Poduri A, Helbig KL, Helbig I, Fitzgerald MP, Goldberg EM, Roser T, Borggraefe I, Brünger T, May P, Lal D, Lederer D, Rubboli G, Heyne HO, Lesca G, Hedrich UBS, Benda J, Gardella E, Lerche H, and Møller RS
- Subjects
- Genetic Association Studies, Humans, Infant, Mutation, Prognosis, Seizures drug therapy, Seizures genetics, Sodium Channel Blockers therapeutic use, Epilepsy, Generalized drug therapy, Epilepsy, Generalized genetics, Epileptic Syndromes drug therapy, Epileptic Syndromes genetics, Intellectual Disability genetics, NAV1.6 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel genetics
- Abstract
We report detailed functional analyses and genotype-phenotype correlations in 392 individuals carrying disease-causing variants in SCN8A, encoding the voltage-gated Na+ channel Nav1.6, with the aim of describing clinical phenotypes related to functional effects. Six different clinical subgroups were identified: Group 1, benign familial infantile epilepsy (n = 15, normal cognition, treatable seizures); Group 2, intermediate epilepsy (n = 33, mild intellectual disability, partially pharmaco-responsive); Group 3, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (n = 177, severe intellectual disability, majority pharmaco-resistant); Group 4, generalized epilepsy (n = 20, mild to moderate intellectual disability, frequently with absence seizures); Group 5, unclassifiable epilepsy (n = 127); and Group 6, neurodevelopmental disorder without epilepsy (n = 20, mild to moderate intellectual disability). Those in Groups 1-3 presented with focal or multifocal seizures (median age of onset: 4 months) and focal epileptiform discharges, whereas the onset of seizures in patients with generalized epilepsy was later (median: 42 months) with generalized epileptiform discharges. We performed functional studies expressing missense variants in ND7/23 neuroblastoma cells and primary neuronal cultures using recombinant tetrodotoxin-insensitive human Nav1.6 channels and whole-cell patch-clamping. Two variants causing developmental and epileptic encephalopathy showed a strong gain-of-function (hyperpolarizing shift of steady-state activation, strongly increased neuronal firing rate) and one variant causing benign familial infantile epilepsy or intermediate epilepsy showed a mild gain-of-function (defective fast inactivation, less increased firing). In contrast, all three variants causing generalized epilepsy induced a loss-of-function (reduced current amplitudes, depolarizing shift of steady-state activation, reduced neuronal firing). Functional effects were known for 170 individuals. All 136 individuals carrying a functionally tested gain-of-function variant had either focal (n = 97, Groups 1-3) or unclassifiable (n = 39) epilepsy, whereas 34 individuals with a loss-of-function variant had either generalized (n = 14), no (n = 11) or unclassifiable (n = 6) epilepsy; only three had developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Computational modelling in the gain-of-function group revealed a significant correlation between the severity of the electrophysiological and clinical phenotypes. Gain-of-function variant carriers responded significantly better to sodium channel blockers than to other anti-seizure medications, and the same applied for all individuals in Groups 1-3. In conclusion, our data reveal clear genotype-phenotype correlations between age at seizure onset, type of epilepsy and gain- or loss-of-function effects of SCN8A variants. Generalized epilepsy with absence seizures is the main epilepsy phenotype of loss-of-function variant carriers and the extent of the electrophysiological dysfunction of the gain-of-function variants is a main determinant of the severity of the clinical phenotype in focal epilepsies. Our pharmacological data indicate that sodium channel blockers present a treatment option in SCN8A-related focal epilepsy with onset in the first year of life., (© The Author(s) (2021). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Acacia nilotica leaf meal - potential supplement to 25% dorper crosses of local sheep fed a basal diet of natural pasture hay.
- Author
-
Bekele W, Kassa G, Taddes T, Girma M, Mengistu A, and Assefa G
- Abstract
This research was conducted to evaluate the replacement potential of Acacia nilotica dried leaf meal for Noug Seed Cake (NSC) to supplement low quality grass hay in the diet of crossbred sheep (25% Dorper). In doing so, four treatments were set up in such a way that 0%, 33%, 67%, and 100% NSC is replaced with dried leaf of Acacia nilotica from a conventional supplement while the treatments were kept isonitrogenous. The experiment was set up in a Randomized Complete Block Design, with initials weight used as the blocking factor. Twenty animals were allocated to the four treatments. The experiment consisted of hundred days of feeding trial followed by evaluation of carcass components at the end. In addition, the experimental feed ingredient was studied in vitro for gas production, methane (CH
4 ) production, fractional rate of degradation (Kd), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). In view of chemical composition, grass hay contained lower crude protein (CP = 3.2% DM) and high cell wall contents that makes it lower quality feed. On the other hand, Acacia nilotica leaf meal was moderate in quality (CP = 14.3% DM) that can support moderate level of ruminant production. In an in vitro study, Acacia nilotica was found to have lower (P < 0.01) levels of CH4 , total gas, kd, and IVDMD compared to the other feed ingredients. This indicates that tannin have an effect on Acacia nilotica feed. Partial and complete replacement of NSC with Acacia nilotica leaf meal significantly increased total dry matter intake (TDMI) (P < 0.001). Average daily gain (ADG) and dressing percentage was also higher for leaf meal supplemented groups. Hot carcass weight was in the range of 14.8-17.8 kg, which is higher than the national average carcass weight for Ethiopian sheep, and it was also found to be higher when NSC was partially (33%) as well as completely replaced by the leaf meal. In general, NSC can be replaced either partially or completely with Acacia nilotica leaf meal in the diet of 25% Dorper crosses while weight gain as well as carcass yield is promoted. The maximum inclusion level of Acacia nilotica was 61.3% or 319.2 g per day for 25% Dorper cross sheep fed natural pasture hay as a basal diet., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.