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1. Wanted egg parasitoids: Ooctonus vulgatus parasitizes Philaenus spumarius in Corsica and is probably widely distributed in Europe

Author

Mesmin Xavier, Chartois Marguerite, Genson Guénaëlle, Rossi Jean-Pierre, Cruaud Astrid, Rasplus Jean-Yves, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), EFSA and XF-ACTORS project, European Project: 727987,XF-ACTORS, and European Project: 1122378(2011)

Subjects
Chalcidoidea, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], xylella, plant health, Integrated Pest Management, Pest natural regulation
Abstract

Current management of Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) epidemics worldwide predominantly involves plant uprooting, soil tillage or insecticide use. Improving vector biological control may be an interesting environmentally friendly lever to help lower vector density, but this research field has been overlooked until very recently. Three types of natural enemies of Philaenus spumarius have been described: egg parasitoids, larval and adult predators, and adult parasitoids. In the present study, we tried to identify egg parasitoids of P. spumarius in Corsica and to give a first assessment of their efficiency in natura. For that purpose, we collected bunches of branches of Cistus monspeliensis in winter, checked for the presence of eggs of P. spumarius on leaf underside, and monitored insect emergence. Ooctonus vulgatus Haliday, 1833 was identified by morphological and molecular methods as emerging from 255 P. spumarius eggs, out of 808 emerged individuals (total sample size = 1107 eggs). This was the only parasitoid species found and it was recorded on 7 out of 9 sampling sites, with parasitism rates ranging from 4 to 69 %. Species distribution models fitted on all available occurrences of O. vulgatus worldwide show that this species is likely to be found commonly in northwestern Europe. Among known natural enemies of P. spumarius, egg parasitoids have a unique combination of features: they kill the pest before it reaches the most harmful stage, and usually exhibit a high level of host specialization. Consequently, we can expect that spatially restricted mass releases in host habitats could decrease Xf transmission without side effects on the local fauna. Egg parasitoids are promising biocontrol agents for the Xf vectors and, provided that we gain more information on their level of specialization and establish mass-rearings, they can be a tool of an IPM strategy for the management of the Xf pathosystem., FR; PPT; xavier.mesmin@inrae.fr

Published
2021
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4. A barcode database to identify the vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Europe

Author

Streito, Jean-Claude, Pierre, Eric, Genson, Guénaëlle, Bellifa, Maxime, Chartois, Marguerite, Germain, Jean-François, Cruaud, Astrid, Rasplus, Jean Yves, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), LSV, and Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)

Subjects
Animal biology, xylella fastidiosa, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Biologie animale, europe, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2019

5. COLEOTOOL - Développement d’outils moléculaires en vue d’identifier les principaux charançons ravageurs du colza et leurs auxiliaires parasitoïdes

Author

Bothorel, S., Pierre, Eric, Luce , S., Lauvernay, A., Leflon, Martine, Delvare, Gérard, Streito, Jean-Claude, Cruaud, Perrine, Ollivier, Mélodie, Genson, Guénaëlle, Cruaud, Astrid, Rasplus, Jean Yves, and Robert, C.

Subjects
régulation naturelle, barcoding, clés d’identification, taux de parasitisme, Ceutorhynchus, parasitoïdes, colza, biological control, identification keys, parasitism rates, parasitoids, oilseed rape
Abstract

Afin de réduire la dépendance en intrants, la lutte biologique par conservation est une stratégie de choix pour gérer les ravageurs. Cela nécessite de mieux comprendre les interactions entre ravageurs et auxiliaires. Sur colza, ces interactions concernent principalement les charançons et des microhyménoptères parasitoïdes qui sont leurs principaux ennemis naturels. L’étude de ces interactions se heurte à des verrous méthodologiques, notamment en termes d’identifications des ennemis naturels, qui appartiennent à des groupes taxonomiques mal connus. Le principal objectif de Coleotool est de lever un de ces verrous en proposant des outils d’identification des charançons ravageurs du colza et de leurs parasitoïdes et des méthodes de quantification du service de régulation. Plusieurs méthodes et outils (élevages, clés d’identification, outils d’identification moléculaire haut débit…) ont été développés dans le cadre de notre projet. La plupart des sorties du projet sont accessibles à tous, directement en ligne via le site Coleotool (fiches descriptives, base de séquences et clés d’identifications des principales espèces de charançons et des parasitoïdes qui leur sont associés) : http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/coleotool/index.html. Le développement de ces outils a également permis de collecter de nombreux spécimens sur l’ensemble du territoire et ainsi de mettre à jour les références sur les espèces de parasitoïdes présentes en France, leur répartition, leur phénologie et leur potentiel de régulation., Conservation biological control is a sustainable approach to pest management that can contribute to reduce our dependency on chemicals. A good understanding of the interactions between pests and their natural enemies which means, on oilseed rape (OSR), between weevils and parasitoid wasps is a prerequisite to implement such an approach. However, weevils and their parasitoids are difficult to identify to species by non-specialists. This limits our understanding of their interactions. The main objective of the project Coleotool was to develop tools to identify weevil pests and their parasitoid wasps and methods to quantify parasitism rate.Several methods and tools (rearing, identification keys, high-throughput molecular identification …) were used and developed during the project. The main outputs are publicly available through the Coleotool website: http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/coleotool/index.html. During this project, many specimens were collected all over France. Then, it was possible to update our records on parasitoids: their distribution, their phenology and their potential to control weevils associated with oilseed rape.

Published
2019

7. Ten years of Heteroptera barcoding at CBGP: outputs and prospects

Author

Streito, Jean-Claude, Genson, Guénaëlle, Pierre, Eric, Cruaud, Astrid, Rasplus, Jean Yves, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, hétéroptera
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

8. Pushing the limits of whole genome amplification: successful sequencing of RADseq library from a single microhymenopteran (Chalcidoidea, Trichogramma)

Author

Cruaud, Astrid, Groussier, Geraldine, Genson, Guénaëlle, SAUNE, Laure, Polaszek, Andrew, Rasplus, Jean Yves, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Natural History Museum, ANR project TriPTIC : ANR-14-CE18-0002, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
GenomiPhi, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], High-throughput genotyping, Microarthropods, lcsh:R, RAD, Small amount of DNA, lcsh:Medicine, WGA, Biodiversity, Genomics, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Entomology, Molecular Biology, Taxonomy
Abstract

International audience; A major obstacle to high-throughput genotyping of microhymenoptera is their small size. As species are difficult to discriminate, and because complexes may exist, the sequencing of a pool of specimens is hazardous. Thus, one should be able to sequence pangenomic markers (e.g., RADtags) from a single specimen. To date, whole genome amplification (WGA) prior to library construction is still a necessity as at most 10 ng of DNA can be obtained from single specimens (sometimes less). However, this amount of DNA is not compatible with manufacturer's requirements for commercial kits. Here we test the accuracy of the GenomiPhi kit V2 on Trichogramma wasps by comparing RAD libraries obtained from the WGA of single specimens (F0 and F1 generation, about1 ng input DNA for the WGA (0.17-2.9 ng)) and a biological amplification of genomic material (the pool of the progeny of the F1 generation). Globally, we found that 99% of the examined loci (up to 48,189 for one of the crosses, 109 bp each) were compatible with the mode of reproduction of the studied model (haplodiploidy) and Mendelian inheritance of alleles. The remaining 1% (0.01% of the analysed nucleotides) could represent WGA bias or other experimental/analytical bias. This study shows that the multiple displacement amplification method on which the GenomiPhi kit relies, could also be of great help for the high-throughput genotyping of microhymenoptera used for biological control, or other organisms from which only a very small amount of DNA can be extracted, such as human disease vectors (e.g., sandflies, fleas, ticks etc.).

Published
2018
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9. Pushing the limits of whole genome amplification: Successful sequencing of RADseq libraries from single micro-hymenoptera (Chalcidoidea, Trichogramma)

Author

Cruaud, Astrid, Groussier, Geraldine, Genson, Guénaëlle, SAUNE, Laure, Rasplus, Jean Yves, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology
Abstract

A major obstacle to high-throughput genotyping of micro-hymenoptera is their small size. As species are difficult to discriminate and because complexes may exist, the sequencing of a pool of specimens is hazardous. Thus, one should be able to sequence pangenomic markers (e.g. RADtags) from a single specimen. To date, whole genome amplification (WGA) prior to library construction is still a necessity as only ca 10ng of DNA can be obtained from single specimens. However this amount of DNA is not compatible with manufacturer’s requirements for commercialised kits. Here we tested the accuracy of the GenomiPhi kit V2 on Trichogramma wasps by comparing RAD libraries obtained from the WGA of single specimens (generation F0 and F1, ca 1 ng input DNA for the WGA) and a biological amplification of genomic material (the pool of the progeny of the F1 generation). Globally, we found that ca 99% of the examined loci (up to 48,189; 109 bp each) were compatible with the mode of reproduction of the studied model (haplodiploidy) or a Mendelian inheritance of alleles. The remaining 1% (ca 0.01% of the analysed nucleotides) could represent WGA bias or other experimental / analytical bias. This study shows that the multiple displacement amplification method on which the GenomiPhi kit relies, could also be of great help for the high-throughput genotyping of micro-hymenoptera used for biological control or other organisms from which only a very low amount of DNA can be extracted such as human disease vectors (e.g. sand flies, fleas, ticks etc.).

Published
2018
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10. First report of two predatory bugs of interest for biological control in Reunion Island: Orius naivashae and Cyrtopeltis callosus (Hemiptera, Anthocoridae and Miridae)

Author

Streito, Jean-Claude, Fontaine, Olivier, Morguen, Atiama, Genson, Guénaëlle, Pierre, Eric, Sadeyen, Joëlle, Frago, Enric, Nibouche, Samuel, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), SARL La Coccinelle, Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Nous remercions le métaprogramme SMaCH de l’INRA pour le soutien du projet Lycovitis concernant les ravageurs et auxiliaires de la tomate et de la vigne, qui nous a permis la récolte et le séquençage d’un abondant matériel. Ce travail a également été cofinancé par l’Union Européenne : Fonds Européen Agricole pour le Développement Rural (FEADER), par le Conseil Départemental de La Réunion et par le Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD). La plateforme technique du Pôle de Protection des Plantes bénéficie du soutien du GIS IBISA (Infrastructures en Biologie Santé et Agronomie).

Subjects
Reunion Island, Biological control, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

National audience; In the process of finding out alternatives to chemical control in horticultural settings in Reunion island, two predatory bugs have been discovered: Orius naivashae (Poppius, 1920) (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae) and Cyrtopeltis callosus Odhiambo, 1961 (Heteroptera, Miridae). These two species are already known in Eastern Africa; they are now established in the island and their voluntary introduction is unlikely. O. naivashae has already been studied in South Africa as a biological control agent, and is therefore a predator with potential interest for controlling pests, especially in integrated pest management programs. However, the biology of C. callosus is so far little known and future studies are needed to allow its use as a biological control agent.; Dans le cadre de recherche de solutions alternatives à la lutte chimique, deux Punaises prédatrices ont été découvertes dans les systèmes de cultures maraîchers de La Réunion : Orius naivashae (Poppius, 1920) (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae) et Cyrtopeltis callosus Odhiambo, 1961 (Heteroptera, Miridae). Ces deux Punaises connues également de l'est de l'Afrique n'ont, a priori, pas été introduites volontairement et sont établies sur l'île de La Réunion. O. naivashae a déjà été étudiée en Afrique du Sud dans le cadre de programmes de lutte biologique et est un prédateur potentiellement intéressant dans le contexte de programmes de lutte intégrée à La Réunion ; la biologie de C. callosus est complètement inconnue et nécessite d'être étudiée avant d'envisager son utilisation en protection des cultures.

Published
2018

11. Ooctonus vulgatus (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae), a potential biocontrol agent to reduce populations of Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae) the main vector of Xylella fastidiosa in Europe.

Author

Mesmin, Xavier, Chartois, Marguerite, Genson, Guénaëlle, Rossi, Jean-Pierre, Cruaud, Astrid, and Rasplus, Jean-Yves

Subjects
XYLELLA fastidiosa, BIOLOGICAL pest control agents, HYMENOPTERA, HEMIPTERA, BRACONIDAE, REDUCING agents
Abstract

As a vector of Xylella fastidiosa (Wells, 1987) in Europe, the meadow spittlebug Phi- laenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae) is a species of major concern. Therefore, tools and agents to control this ubiquitous insect that develops and feeds on hundreds of plant species are wanted. We conducted a field survey of P. spumarius eggs in Corsica and provide a first report of Ooctonus vulgatus Haliday, 1833 (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) as a potential biocontrol agent of P. spumarius in Europe. To allow species identification, we summarized the main characters distinguishing O. vulgatus from other European species of Ooctonus and generated COI DNA barcodes. Parasitism rates were variable in the four localities included in the survey but could reach 69% (for an average number of eggs that hatched per locality of 109). Based on the geographic occurrences of O. vulgatus obtained from the literature, we calibrated an ecological niche model to assess its potential distribution in the Holarctic. Obviously, several questions need to be addressed to determine whether O. vulgatus could become an effective biocontrol agent of P. spumarius in Europe. So far, O. vulgatus has been reared only from P. spumarius eggs, but its exact host-range should be evaluated to ensure efficiency and avoid non-target effect. The top-down impact of the parasitoid on vector populations should also be assessed on large data sets. Finally, the feasibility of mass rearing should be tested. We hope this report serves as a starting point to initiate research on this parasitoid wasp to assess whether it could contribute to reduce the spread and impact of X. fastidiosa in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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12. Présence sur l’île de La Réunion de deux espèces de Punaises prédatrices potentiellement utilisables pour la lutte biologique : Orius naivashae et Cyrtopeltis callosus (Hemiptera, Anthocoridae et Miridae)

Author

Streito, Jean-Claude, primary, Fontaine, Olivier, additional, Atiama, Morguen, additional, Genson, Guénaëlle, additional, Pierre, Éric, additional, Sadeyen, Joëlle, additional, Frago, Enric, additional, and Nibouche, Samuel, additional

Published
2018
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13. Cretaceous environmental changes led to high extinction rates in a hyperdiverse beetle family: Cretaceous environmental changes led to high extinction rates in a hyperdiverse beetle family

Author

Kergoat, Gael, Bouchard, Patrice, Clamens, Anne Laure, Abbate, Jessica Lee, Jourdan, Herve, Jabbour-Zahab, Roula, Genson, Guénaëlle, Soldati, Laurent, Condamine, Fabien L., Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), 'ANR Biodiversité' of the French National Agency for Research (Project BIONEOCAL 2008–2012), INRA, program 'Bibliothèque du Vivant' (Project CIAM) supported by a joint CNRS, INRA and MNHN consortium, ANR grants (Projects ECOEVOBIO-CHEX2011 and SPATEVOLEPID-10-PDOC- 017-01, respectively), Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226

Subjects
Biodiversity and Ecology, Cretaceous-palaeogene mass extinction, Cretaceous terrestrial revolution, Dating analyses, Diversification analyses, Environmental changes, Palaeoclimates, Tenebrionidae, Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, humanities
Abstract

Times Cited: 00; Background: As attested by the fossil record, Cretaceous environmental changes have significantly impacted the diversification dynamics of several groups of organisms. A major biome turnover that occurred during this period was the rise of angiosperms starting ca. 125 million years ago. Though there is evidence that the latter promoted the diversification of phytophagous insects, the response of other insect groups to Cretaceous environmental changes is still largely unknown. To gain novel insights on this issue, we assess the diversification dynamics of a hyperdiverse family of detritivorous beetles (Tenebrionidae) using molecular dating and diversification analyses. Results: Age estimates reveal an origin after the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction (older than previously thought), followed by the diversification of major lineages during Pangaean and Gondwanan breakups. Dating analyses indicate that arid-adapted species diversified early, while most of the lineages that are adapted to more humid conditions diversified much later. Contrary to other insect groups, we found no support for a positive shift in diversification rates during the Cretaceous; instead there is evidence for an 8.5-fold increase in extinction rates that was not compensated by a joint increase in speciation rates. Conclusions: We hypothesize that this pattern is better explained by the concomitant reduction of arid environments starting in the mid-Cretaceous, which likely negatively impacted the diversification of arid-adapted species that were predominant at that time.

Published
2014
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14. Higher level molecular phylogeny of darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Author

Kergoat, Gael, Soldati, Laurent, Clamens, Anne Laure, Jourdan, Hervé, Jabbour-Zahab, Roula, Genson, Guénaëlle, Bouchard, Patrice, Condamine, Fabien, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - Ecole Polytechnique (CMAP), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), program 'ANR Biodiversite' of the French National Agency for Research (Project BIONEOCAL), INRA, IRD, program 'Bibliotheque du Vivant' (Project CIAM), CNRS, MNHN consortium, ANR [ECOEVOBIO-CHEX2011], Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology
Abstract

International audience; Insect diversity represents about 60% of the estimated million-and-a-half described eukaryotic species worldwide, yet comprehensive and well-resolved intra-ordinal phylogenies are still lacking for the majority of insect groups. This is the case especially for the most species-rich insect group, the beetles (Coleoptera), a group for which less than 4% of the known species have had their DNA sequenced. In this study, we reconstruct the first higher level phylogeny based on DNA sequence data for the species-rich darkling beetles, a family comprising at least 20000 species. Although amongst all families of beetles Tenebrionidae ranks seventh in terms of species diversity, the lack of knowledge on the phylogeny and systematics of the group is such that its monophyly has been questioned (not to mention those of the subfamilies and tribes contained within it). We investigate the evolutionary history of Tenebrionidae using multiple phylogenetic inference methods (Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and parsimony) to analyse a dataset consisting of eight gene fragments across 404 taxa (including 250 tenebrionid species). Although the resulting phylogenetic framework only encompasses a fraction of the known tenebrionid diversity, it provides important information on their systematics and evolution. Whatever the methods used, our results provide strong support for the monophyly of the family, and highlight the likely paraphyletic or polyphyletic nature of several important tenebrionid subfamilies and tribes, notably the polyphyletic subfamilies Diaperinae and Tenebrioninae that clearly require substantial revision in the future. Some interesting associations in several groups are also revealed by the phylogenetic analyses, such as the pairing of Aphtora Bates with Phrenapatinae. Furthermore this study advances our knowledge of the evolution of the group, providing novel insights into much-debated theories, such as the apparent relict distribution of the tribe Elenophorini.

Published
2014
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15. Out-of-Australia and back again: the worldwide historical biogeography of non-pollinating fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Sycophaginae)

Author

Cruaud, Astrid, Zahab, Roula, Genson, Guénaëlle, Couloux, Arnaud, Yan-Quiong, Peng, Da-Rong, Yang, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Pereira, Rodrigo A.S., Kjellberg, Finn, Van Noort, Simon, Kerdelhue, Carole, Rasplus, Jean Yves, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Bayer Cropscience, Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Natural History Division, South African Museum, ANR (National Research Agency) 04/10299-4, and NRF GUN 61497

Subjects
PHYLOGENY, GALL-INDUCING INSECTS, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], NINETYEAST RIDGE, DIVERGENCE TIMES, INSECTE, RELATIONS PLANTES-HERBIVORES, DISPERSAL, FIGUIER, FIG WASPS, ESPECE INVASIVE, HISTOIRE BIOGEOGRAPHIQUE, BIOGEOGRAPHY, FICUS
Abstract

Contact: cruaud@supagro.inra.fr; International audience; Aim Figs (Ficus, Moraceae) are exploited by rich communities of often host-specific phytophagous wasps. Among them, gall-inducing Sycophaginae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) may share a common history with Ficus and their mutualistic pollinators (Agaonidae). We investigate here, for the first time, the phylogeny and biogeographical history of Sycophaginae and compare the timing of radiation and dispersion of major clades with available data on Ficus and fig pollinators. Reconstructing the history of their host colonization and association over space and time is central to understanding how fig wasp communities were assembled. Location World-wide. Methods Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses were conducted on 4267 bp of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to produce a phylogeny of all genera of Sycophaginae. Two relaxed clock methods with or without rate autocorrelation were used for date estimation. Analyses of ancestral area were also conducted to investigate the geographical origin of the Sycophaginae. Results The phylogeny is well resolved and supported. Our data suggest a post- Gondwanan origin for the Sycophaginae (50–40 Ma) and two independent outof- Australia dispersal events to continental Asia. Given palaeoclimatic and palaeogeographic records, the following scenario appears the most likely. The ancestor of Idarnes+Apocryptophagus migrated to Greater India through the Ninetyeast Ridge (40–30 Ma). The ancestor of Anidarnes+Conidarnes dispersed later via Sundaland (25–20 Ma). Idarnes and Anidarnes subsequently reached the New World via the North Atlantic land bridges during the Late Oligocene Warming Event. Apocryptophagus reached Africa c. 20 Ma via the Arabic corridors and returned to Australasia following the expansion of Sundaland tropical forests (20–10 Ma). Main conclusions Sycophaginae probably invaded the fig microcosm in Australia c. 50–40 Ma after the origin of their host plant. Once associated with figs, they dispersed out of Australia and radiated together with their host fig and associated pollinator through the tropics. We recorded a good coincidence of timing between dispersal events of Sycophaginae and continental connections. Furthermore, fruit pigeons that disperse figs probably spread out of Australasia through the Indian Ocean via the Ninetyeast Ridge c. 38 Ma. Therefore, our study highlights the potential for combining molecular phylogenetics with multiple methods of dating of interacting groups to reconstruct the historical

Published
2011
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16. Distinct barcodes for the Cereal leaf beetles Oulema melanopus and Oulema duftschmidi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), two syntopical sibling species.

Author

LEROY, JULIE, CHAPELIN-VISCARDI, JEAN-DAVID, GENSON, GUÉNAËLLE, HARAN, JULIEN, PIERRE, ÉRIC, and STREITO, JEAN-CLAUDE

Subjects
*CHRYSOMELIDAE, *BEETLES, *BAR codes, *SPECIES, *RELIABILITY in engineering, *INSECTICIDE resistance, *TWO-dimensional bar codes
Abstract

Oulema melanopus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Oulema duftschmidi (Redtenbacher, 1874) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are two native West Palaearctic species developing on various cultivated and wild grasses. Along with O. obscura they are considered to be secondary pests of cereal crops. However, local outbreaks have been recorded recently and their status as secondary pests may evolve, especially as the use of broad-spectrum insecticides is now greatly reduced. Oulema melanopus and O. duftschmidi are considered to be sibling species. They are morphologically very close and difficult to distinguish from each other, which makes it difficult to study them. We tested the reliability of the standard barcode fragment (COI) for distinguishing between these species. A total of 92 samples of the two species, covering the majority of their natural range, was sequenced for the barcode fragment and inter- and intraspecific genetic distances were estimated. Our results confirm those of Bezděk & Baselga (2015, Acta Entomol. Mus. Nat. Prag. 55: 273-304) in that this marker cannot differentiate between all the species of the Oulema melanopus complex, which in the Mediterranean basin contains several described and possibly some undescribed cryptic species. However, this marker may be useful in an agricultural context in areas where only O. melanopus and O. duftschmidi occur (such as in cereal crops in France) where it can be used to reliably and rapidly separate all stages of these two taxa and can therefore help in studying their ecology and dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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