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1. Local admixture of amplified and diversified secreted pathogenesis determinants shapes mosaic Toxoplasma gondii genomes.

Author

Lorenzi, Hernan, Khan, Asis, Behnke, Michael S, Namasivayam, Sivaranjani, Swapna, Lakshmipuram S, Hadjithomas, Michalis, Karamycheva, Svetlana, Pinney, Deborah, Brunk, Brian P, Ajioka, James W, Ajzenberg, Daniel, Boothroyd, John C, Boyle, Jon P, Dardé, Marie L, Diaz-Miranda, Maria A, Dubey, Jitender P, Fritz, Heather M, Gennari, Solange M, Gregory, Brian D, Kim, Kami, Saeij, Jeroen PJ, Su, Chunlei, White, Michael W, Zhu, Xing-Quan, Howe, Daniel K, Rosenthal, Benjamin M, Grigg, Michael E, Parkinson, John, Liu, Liang, Kissinger, Jessica C, Roos, David S, and Sibley, L David

Subjects
Toxoplasma, Protozoan Proteins, DNA, Protozoan, RNA, Messenger, Phylogeny, Virulence, Gene Expression Regulation, Conserved Sequence, Synteny, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genome, Protozoan, DNA, Protozoan, Genome, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, RNA, Messenger
Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is among the most prevalent parasites worldwide, infecting many wild and domestic animals and causing zoonotic infections in humans. T. gondii differs substantially in its broad distribution from closely related parasites that typically have narrow, specialized host ranges. To elucidate the genetic basis for these differences, we compared the genomes of 62 globally distributed T. gondii isolates to several closely related coccidian parasites. Our findings reveal that tandem amplification and diversification of secretory pathogenesis determinants is the primary feature that distinguishes the closely related genomes of these biologically diverse parasites. We further show that the unusual population structure of T. gondii is characterized by clade-specific inheritance of large conserved haploblocks that are significantly enriched in tandemly clustered secretory pathogenesis determinants. The shared inheritance of these conserved haploblocks, which show a different ancestry than the genome as a whole, may thus influence transmission, host range and pathogenicity.

Published
2016

12. Rickettsial infection in animals and Brazilian spotted fever endemicity

Author

Sangioni, Luis A., Horta, Mauricio C., Vianna, Manoella C.B., Gennari, Solange M., Soares, Rodrigo M., Galvao, Marcio A.M., Schumaker, Teresinha T.S., Ferreira, Fernando, Vidotto, Odilon, and Labruna, Marcelo B.

Subjects
Communicable diseases in animals -- Research, Communicable diseases in animals -- Development and progression, Rickettsial diseases -- Research, Rickettsial diseases -- Development and progression
Abstract

We compared the rickettsial infection status of Amblyomma cajennense ticks, humans, dogs, and horses in both Brazilian spotted fever (BSF)-endemic and -nonendemic areas in the state of Silo Paulo, Brazil. [...]

Published
2005

15. IgM and IgG as markers of infection transplacentary Neospora caninum in bovine fetuses

Author

Cadore, Gustavo C., Vogel, Fernanda S.F., Sangioni, Luis Antonio, Pena, Hilda F.J., and Gennari, Solange M.

Subjects
fetos bovinos, Imunofluorescência indireta, Imunoglobulinas G e M (IgG e IgM), fungi, parasitic diseases, indirect fluorescent antibody test, Neospora caninum, bovine fetuses, immuno-globulin G and M (IgG and IgM)
Abstract

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em 260 amostras de soro coletadas de fetos bovinos de julho de 2007 a março de 2008, em abatedouro do município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para detecção de anticorpos anti-N. caninum, a técnica de imunofluorescência indireta foi utilizada tanto para a detecção de imunoglobulinas G e M. Amostras com títulos e" 25 foram consideradas positivas. Das 260 amostras testadas, 15% (39/260) foram positivas para anticorpos anti-N. caninum. Destas, em 38 (97,4%) foi detectada a presença de IgG anti-N. caninum e em seis (15,4%) de IgM. Em cinco amostras (12,8%) detectaram-se ambos, IgG e IgM. Os resultados reafirmam a habilidade do N. caninum em determinar infecção fetal. A pesquisa de IgM foi de limitada importância na detecção da infecção via transplacentária em soro fetal bovino. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in serum samples collected from 260 bovine fetuses, between July 2007 and March 2008, in an abattoir in the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. An indirect fluorescent antibody test was used to detect anti-N. caninum immunoglobulins G (IgG) and M (IgM), using a cut-off of 1:25. Considering IgG or IgM detection, 15% (39/260) of the samples tested were found positive. Among the positive samples, 38 (97.4%) were positive for IgG and 6 (15.4%) for IgM. However 5 (12.8%) of it were positive for both IgG and IgM. These results are in agreement with the proven ability of N. caninum to fetal infection. IgM testing was few relevant to detect N. caninum transplacental infection through fetal bovine serum analisys.

Published
2010

16. Seroprevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in rural dogs from the city of Monte Negro, State of Rondônia, Brazil

Author

Aguiar, Daniel M., Oliveira, Trícia Maria F. de Sousa, Cavalcante, Guacyara T., Labruna, Marcelo B., Camargo, Luis Marcelo A., Machado, Rosangela Z., and Gennari, Solange M.

Subjects
dogs, cães, parasitic diseases, prevalence, prevalencia, ELISA, RIFI, Leishmania spp, IFAT
Abstract

The present study assessed the prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in dogs from the city of Monte Negro, State of Rondônia, Brazil. ELISA (NE > 3) and IFAT (>1:40) were used to evaluate 161 serum samples collected from rural dogs from Monte Negro. Forty-five (27.9%) dogs were positive by ELISA tests and five (3.1%) were positive by IFAT. The present study showed for the first time the frequency of exposure to Leishmania spp. in dogs in the State of Rondônia, Amazon Region. O presente estudo determinou a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. em cães do município de Monte Negro, Estado de Rondônia, Brasil. Foram utilizados os testes de ELISA (NE > 3) e RIFI (>1:40) para avaliar 161 amostras de soro de cães da zona rural do município. Quarenta e cinco cães (27,9%) reagiram no teste de ELISA e cinco (3,1%) na RIFI. O presente estudo demonstra pela primeira vez a freqüência de exposição por Leishmania spp. em cães de Rondônia, Região Amazônica.

Published
2010

18. Anti-Leptospira spp and anti-Brucella spp antibodies in humans from rural area of Monte Negro municipality, state of Rondônia, Brazilian Western Amazon

Author

Aguiar, Daniel M., Cavalcante, Guacyara T., Camargo, Luis M. A., Labruna, Marcelo B., Vasconcellos, Silvio A., Souza, Gisele O., and Gennari, Solange M.

Subjects
Amazônia, Brasil, Leptospirosis, Leptospirose, Brucelose, bacterial infections and mycoses, Amazon, Brucellosis, Brazil, Human, Humanos
Abstract

Sera from 276 humans living in 71 farms located in Monte Negro Municipality, RO., Western Amazon, Brazil were examined for anti-Leptospira spp antibodies by Microscopic Agglutination Test and for anti-Brucella spp antibodies by Tube Agglutination Test. Leptospira spp antibodies were detected in 28 (10.2%) of them with at least one positive case in 23 farms (32.4%). The most frequent leptospira serovars were Patoc (46.7%), Autumnalis (10.0%) and Shermani (10.0%). The proportion of positive males (14.5%) were higher than females (5.0%; P

Published
2007

19. Possible role of bovine trophoblast giant cells in transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in cattle

Author

Machado, Rosangela Z., Landim, Lorivaldo P., Mineo, Tiago W. P., Carvalhoi, Ana F., Gennari, Solange M., Miglino, Maria A., Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), UNIFEOB, and Universidade de São Paulo (USP)

Subjects
cell culture, bovine trophoblastic binucleated cells, Neospora caninum, Immunohistochemistry
Abstract

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2014-02-26T17:00:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000249398200005.pdf: 100514 bytes, checksum: 48af95fc7e8f7c39682ca94f1e2d40ef (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-26T17:00:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000249398200005.pdf: 100514 bytes, checksum: 48af95fc7e8f7c39682ca94f1e2d40ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:15:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000249398200005.pdf: 100514 bytes, checksum: 48af95fc7e8f7c39682ca94f1e2d40ef (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:15:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000249398200005.pdf: 100514 bytes, checksum: 48af95fc7e8f7c39682ca94f1e2d40ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-01 Neospora caninum is an aplicomplexan parasite that has brought several concerns to cattle raisers worldwide due to its relationship to fetal loss. However, the mechanism of the parasite's transplacental infection and induced abortions are not completely understood. Bovine trophoblastic binucleated cells (BNC) play a major role in the maternal-fetal interactions, migrating during the entire pregnancy from chorionic connections to uterine epithelium. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of BNC as phagocytic cells and its participation in the bovine transplacental infection of N. caninum. BNC was isolated by discontinuous Percoll gradient, and characterized by Hoeschst 33342 nucleus-specific staining. Isolated BNC were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% bovine fetal serum, and infected with 10(4) tachyzoites of N. caninum NC-1 strain. Parasite invasion was visualized by indirect immunofluorescence and Giemsa technique. Multiplication of parasites took place in 2-3 day cycles. Healthy cows' placenta and normal and infected cultured BNC was immunostained with monoclonal antibodies against CD-163, MAC-387 and NOS, demonstrating their phagocyte capacity. Thus, BNC was characterized as cells with macrophagic activity, which may host N. caninum in vitro. Therefore, we may conclude that BNC could potentially participate in the transplacental infection of bovine neosporosis. UNESP, FCAV, Dept Vet Pathol, Lab Immunoparasitol, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNIFEOB, Sao Joao da Boa Vista, SP, Brazil Univ São Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootec, São Paulo, Brazil UNESP, FCAV, Dept Vet Pathol, Lab Immunoparasitol, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

Published
2007

35. Caracterização de Rickettsia spp. circulante em foco silencioso de febre maculosa brasileira no Município de Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Author

Cardoso, Luciane Daniele, primary, Freitas, Renata Nascimento, additional, Mafra, Cláudio Lísias, additional, Neves, Cristiane Vilas Boas, additional, Figueira, Fátima Cristina Bacellar, additional, Labruna, Marcelo Bahia, additional, Gennari, Solange M., additional, Walker, David Hughes, additional, and Galvão, Márcio Antônio Moreira, additional

Published
2006
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36. PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES TO SPOTTED FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE IN HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS IN A BRAZILIAN SPOTTED FEVER-ENDEMIC AREA IN THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL: SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE FOR INFECTION BY RICKETTSIA RICKETTSII AND ANOTHER SPOTTED FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIA

Author

HORTA, MAURÍCIO C., primary, VIANNA, MANOELLA C. B., additional, MAFRA, CLAUDIO L., additional, SCHUMAKER, TERESINHA T. S., additional, WALKER, DAVID H., additional, GALVÃO, MÁRCIO A. M., additional, SANGIONI, LUIS A., additional, VIDOTTO, ODILON, additional, GENNARI, SOLANGE M., additional, and LABRUNA, MARCELO B., additional

Published
2004
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38. Rickettsia species infecting Amblyomma cooperi ticks from an area in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, where Brazilian spotted fever is endemic.

Author

Labruna, Marcelo B, Whitworth, Ted, Horta, Maurício C, Bouyer, Donald H, McBride, Jere W, Pinter, Adriano, Popov, Vsevolod, Gennari, Solange M, and Walker, David H

Abstract

Owing to the potential role of the tick Amblyomma cooperi in the enzootic cycle of Rickettsia rickettsii, the etiologic agent of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF), this study evaluated infection by Rickettsia species in A. cooperi ticks collected from an area in Brazil where BSF is endemic. Among a total of 40 A. cooperi adult ticks collected in an area of BSF endemicity in the state of São Paulo, PCR analysis detected DNA of Rickettsia bellii in 16 ticks (40%), and 3 other ticks (7.5%) were positive for a previously unidentified spotted-fever-group (SFG) rickettsia. Cultivation in Vero cell cultures by the shell vial technique with individual A. cooperi ticks resulted in two isolates of R. bellii and one isolate genotypically characterized as an SFG rickettsia. The two R. bellii isolates were established in Vero cell cultures in the laboratory and were confirmed to be R. bellii by molecular analysis of the gltA and 17-kDa protein-encoding genes and by electron microscopic analysis. The SFG rickettsial isolate could not be stably passaged in cell culture in the laboratory, but molecular analysis of early passages suggested that it was closely related to Rickettsia parkeri, Rickettsia africae, and Rickettsia sibirica. These results do not support the role of A. cooperi in the ecology of R. rickettsii in the area studied, but they add two more species of rickettsiae to the poorly developed list of species occurring in ticks in South America.

Published
2004

39. RickettsiaSpecies Infecting Amblyomma cooperiTicks from an Area in the State of Sa~o Paulo, Brazil, Where Brazilian Spotted Fever Is Endemic

Author

Labruna, Marcelo B., Whitworth, Ted, Horta, Mauri´cio C., Bouyer, Donald H., McBride, Jere W., Pinter, Adriano, Popov, Vsevolod, Gennari, Solange M., and Walker, David H.

Abstract

ABSTRACTOwing to the potential role of the tick Amblyomma cooperiin the enzootic cycle of Rickettsia rickettsii, the etiologic agent of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF), this study evaluated infection by Rickettsiaspecies in A. cooperiticks collected from an area in Brazil where BSF is endemic. Among a total of 40 A. cooperiadult ticks collected in an area of BSF endemicity in the state of Sa~o Paulo, PCR analysis detected DNA of Rickettsia belliiin 16 ticks (40%), and 3 other ticks (7.5%) were positive for a previously unidentified spotted-fever-group (SFG) rickettsia. Cultivation in Vero cell cultures by the shell vial technique with individual A. cooperiticks resulted in two isolates of R. belliiand one isolate genotypically characterized as an SFG rickettsia. The two R. belliiisolates were established in Vero cell cultures in the laboratory and were confirmed to be R. belliiby molecular analysis of the gltAand 17-kDa protein-encoding genes and by electron microscopic analysis. The SFG rickettsial isolate could not be stably passaged in cell culture in the laboratory, but molecular analysis of early passages suggested that it was closely related to Rickettsia parkeri, Rickettsia africae, and Rickettsia sibirica.These results do not support the role of A. cooperiin the ecology of R. rickettsiiin the area studied, but they add two more species of rickettsiae to the poorly developed list of species occurring in ticks in South America.

Published
2004
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40. Estudo da fisiopatologia do Haemonchus contortus (Rudolph, 1803) em bezerros atraves de radiotracadores

Author

GENNARI, SOLANGE M. and Jose Roberto Rogero

Subjects
tracer techniques, radioisotopes, iodine 125, iron 59, nematodes, pathology, parasitic diseases, parasites, chromium 51, calves
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:32:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:10:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 11288.pdf: 2211640 bytes, checksum: 164f2f80d3086eca966340404607988c (MD5) Tese (Doutoramento) IPEN/T Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Published
1989

41. Prevalence of equine Piroplasmosis and its association with tick infestation in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.

Author

Kerber CE, Labruna MB, Ferreira F, De Waal DT, Knowles DP, and Gennari SM

Subjects
Animals, Antigens, Protozoan blood, Babesiosis blood, Babesiosis complications, Babesiosis epidemiology, Brazil, Horse Diseases blood, Horses, Prevalence, Theileria immunology, Tick Infestations blood, Tick Infestations complications, Tick Infestations epidemiology, Babesiosis veterinary, Horse Diseases epidemiology, Horse Diseases parasitology, Tick Infestations veterinary
Abstract

Serum samples were collected from 582 horses from 40 stud farms in the State of São Paulo and tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestations were evaluated on them. Serum samples were subjected to the complement fixation test (CFT) and a competitive inhibition ELISA (cELISA) for Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. Logistic regression analyses were performed to construct multivariate models that could explain the dependent variable (horses positive for B. caballi or T. equi) as a function of the independent variables (presence or abundance of each one of the tick species found on the farms). A higher overall prevalence of B. caballi (54.1%) than of T. equi (21.6%) was found by the two tests. The ticks Dermacentor nitens Neumann, 1897, Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) were present on horses on 38 (95%), 20 (50%), and 4 (10%) farms, respectively. Infestations by D. nitens were statistically associated with B. caballi-positive horses on the farms by either the CFT or cELISA. Infestations by A. cajennense were statistically associated with T. equi-positive horses on the farms by either CFT or cELISA.

Published
2009
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42. Possible role of bovine trophoblast giant cells in transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in cattle.

Author

Machado RZ, Mineo TW, Landim LP Jr, Carvalho AF, Gennari SM, and Miglino MA

Subjects
Animals, Cattle, Coccidiosis transmission, Female, Pregnancy, Cattle Diseases transmission, Coccidiosis veterinary, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Neospora, Trophoblasts cytology
Abstract

Neospora caninum is an aplicomplexan parasite that has brought several concerns to cattle raisers worldwide due to its relationship to fetal loss. However, the mechanism of the parasite's transplacental infection and induced abortions are not completely understood. Bovine trophoblastic binucleated cells (BNC) play a major role in the maternal-fetal interactions, migrating during the entire pregnancy from chorionic connections to uterine epithelium. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of BNC as phagocytic cells and its participation in the bovine transplacental infection of N. caninum. BNC was isolated by discontinuous Percoll gradient, and characterized by Hoeschst 33342 nucleus-specific staining. Isolated BNC were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% bovine fetal serum, and infected with 104 tachyzoites of N. caninum NC-1 strain. Parasite invasion was visualized by indirect immunofluorescence and Giemsa technique. Multiplication of parasites took place in 2-3 day cycles. Healthy cows' placenta and normal and infected cultured BNC was immunostained with monoclonal antibodies against CD-163, MAC-387 and iNOS, demonstrating their phagocyte capacity. Thus, BNC was characterized as cells with macrophagic activity, which may host N. caninum in vitro. Therefore, we may conclude that BNC could potentially participate in the transplacental infection of bovine neosporosis.

Published
2007

43. [Characterization of Rickettsia spp. circulating in a silent peri-urban focus for Brazilian spotted fever in Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil].

Author

Cardoso LD, Freitas RN, Mafra CL, Neves CV, Figueira FC, Labruna MB, Gennari SM, Walker DH, and Galvão MA

Subjects
Animals, Animals, Domestic parasitology, Brazil epidemiology, Cats, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Dogs, Horses, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rickettsia Infections epidemiology, Rickettsia Infections microbiology, Siphonaptera microbiology, Ticks microbiology, Arthropod Vectors microbiology, Endemic Diseases veterinary, Rickettsia genetics, Rickettsia Infections veterinary
Abstract

The present study was intended to characterize Rickettsia spp. circulating in arthropod vectors in Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil, by PCR and to investigate the presence of antibodies against the spotted fever Rickettsiae group (SFRG) in dogs and horses. 2,610 arthropods were collected and taxonomically identified. DNA samples obtained from these vectors were submitted to PCR and cycle-sequenced. Ctenocephalides and Amblyomma cajennense showed sequences presenting 100.0% homology with R. felis. A sequence obtained from Rhipicephalus sanguineus showed 99.0% homology with R. felis, and a sequence from A. cajennense showed 97.0% homology with R. honei and R. rickettsii. Canine (73) and equine (18) serum samples were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) using R. rickettsii antigen. Only three of the equine sera tested (17.0%) had positive antibody titers. Molecular detection of rickettsiae species potentially pathogenic to humans in arthropod vectors and the presence of seroreactivity to SFRG in horses show the risk of transmission of rickettsiosis in this area and the need to maintain continuous epidemiological surveillance for rickettsial diseases.

Published
2006
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