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Although Turkey enjoys very important wind energy potential, the studies of the exploration and utilization this potential are still less than the level needed. In this study, the wind energy potential and wind characteristics of Kayseri province and of its some counties, located in the Central Anatolian region, were investigated using the wind speeds data hourly recorded at 10 m hub height from the year 2000 to 2006. The observed wind data were processed as annual and seasonal by means of the FORTRAN computer code. Weibull and Rayleigh probability density functions of the location using actual data are calculated. For Pinarbasi County, in the considered years, Weibull shape parameter k and scale parameter c vary between values of 1.40 and 1.59 and 3.91 and 4.26 m/s, respectively. In Pinarbasi, the mean power density varies between 65 and 90 W/[m.sup.2] according to actual data while between 75 and 100 W/[m.sup.2] according to Weibull data. In addition, for Pinarbasi, the maximum value of the mean power density according to actual data for the winter season is 170 W/[m.sup.2] in 2001. Mean power density in all of the considered years for Pinarbasi is considerable in winter and spring. As a result, Pinarbasi, among the considered sites, has a remarkable potential of wind energy for utilization and can be evaluated as a marginal area for cost-effective electrical energy generation as the costs of wind energy conversion systems are lowered. CE Database subject headings: Wind energy; Turkey; Evaluation.

The effects of biofloc technology (BFT) on growth and hepatopancreas histology of speckled shrimp Metapenaeus monoceros (initial weight: 8.32±0.69 g) were investigated for 30 days. The trial was conducted in fiberglass tanks (45 L) with biofloc (zero-water exchange) and without biofloc (water exchange 50% day-1). Different carbon sources (corn starch: CS and glycerine: G) and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) supplementation (with and without BFT) were tested in triplicate groups. At the end of the experiment, better growth performances, feed conversion ratio, and specific growth rates were detected in shrimps reared in BFT (CS, G, CS+MOS, G+MOS) groups. Measured water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, salinity, ammonium-NH4, and nitrate-NO3) did not differ between BFT and control groups. The total number of bacteria count of shrimp reared in the biofloc groups were higher (4.9x10-6±8.5x10-4 CFU mL-1) than that of in the without biofloc (3.7x10-6±5.4x10-4 CFU mL-1) groups. In this study BFT had no negative effects on hepatopancreatic tissue by histological assessment. It is suggested that corn starch as a carbon source in BFT with 3 g kg-1 MOS supplementation could be applied as healthy growth enhancer in speckled shrimp culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disintegration of the former Yugoslavia marked the end of the armed conflicts, bringing the region's geopolitical configurations in which it lay. This article gives details the geopolitical designs following the breakup of the former Yugoslavia. It also provides details about foreign geopolitical influences and their interests in the region. In the vortex of the former Yugoslavia's disintegration, the most sensitive case in all framework is Kosovo's case. The problematic past between Albanians and Serbs poses a significant challenge. The Albanian factor in the Balkans is also a problem that brings general challenges in the region without solving it in the right way. In this article, we have tried to elaborate Kosovo Independence's case to bring stability and consolidation of security for the country and the region. We have tried to present that the former Yugoslavia countries should learn from the past and cooperate for a general future. Through cooperation and overcoming classical thinking to orient towards the end, it should bring peace and stability, especially for each country and the Balkan region.

In cattle, immunoglobulins, which provide passive immunity to the new-born calf, are transferred through the colostrum. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of some environmental factors on colostrum quality in Brown Swiss and Holstein cows and on the blood serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels of their calves. The study material consisted of 90 colostrum samples taken from 51 Brown Swiss and 39 Holstein cows and of 90 blood serum samples obtained from their calves. The milk colostral and serum IgG levels were measured by using electrophoresis equipment. It was determined that breed, number of lactations, milk yield and the length of the dry period had no effect on the colostral IgG levels. The lowest colostral IgG level was detected in cows which had calved during the summer season. It was determined that while the serum IgG levels of the calves were not affected by breed, sex, lactation number or the length of the dry period but rather by birth season and ambient temperature at the time of parturition. A positive and high correlation (r=0.430) was calculated between colostral and blood serum IgG levels of the calves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a peripheral mononeuropathy that is caused by median nerve compression inside the carpal canal. The primary cause of carpal tunnel syndrome is the median nerve compression inside the carpal canal. This compression is caused by an increase in internal carpal canal pressure. The carpal tunnel has a fixed capacity; therefore, each condition that provokes a constriction of the inside of the canal will directly increase the internal pressure and consequently compress the median nerve. Most of the causes of carpal tunnel syndrome are idiopathic. Secondary causes of carpal tunnel syndrome include various pathologies the following: space-occupying lesions (tumors, hypertrophic synovial tissue, fracture callus, and osteophytes); metabolic and physiological (pregnancy, hypothyroidism, and rheumatoid arthritis); infections; neuropathies (associated with diabetes mellitus or alcoholism), etc. During pregnancy, weight gain and swelling in the hands can cause carpal tunnel syndrome, which comes as a result of decompression of the median nerve. The increase in body fluids during pregnancy is responsible for the largest portion of weight gain and physiologic edema. Fluid accumulates during pregnancy due to hormonal changes that occur. The incidence of neurophysiologically confirmed pregnancy-related carpal tunnel syndrome ranged from 7% to 43%, whereas the incidence of clinically diagnosed pregnancy-related carpal tunnel syndrome ranged from 31% to 62%. In general, carpal tunnel syndrome is presented with symptoms such as pain, numbness or paresthesias, tingling along the branches of the median nerve in the hand and wrist. The diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome is decided based on symptoms, clinical signs, and electrophysiological study results. Occasionally, the carpal tunnel syndrome is associated with other pathologies. At our clinic, a case appeared with carpal tunnel syndrome, in which the skin manifestations predominated over the neurologic symptoms. The skin changes included erythema multiforme. Erythema multiforme is a skin condition considered to be a hypersensitivity reaction to infections or drugs. These findings suggest that carpal tunnel syndrome and erythema multiforme coexist in this case. This is unprecedented in the literature. This co-existence of these diseases had no direct fetal impact, but influences the quality of life of the pregnant mother (with predominance the psychic aspect).

Globalization today has engulfed the entire world, extending and taking place on the most important national and international agendas. The process of globalization includes great developments between countries around the world, technological, economic, cultural, scientific, etc, but is also considered by many countries as a threat to their country. On the one hand, globalization between different countries brings great relief and profits in many areas. On the other hand, globalization brings with it risks that have long-term and profound consequences. With the development of globalization, the challenges for the world have increased making them more difficult to face. One of the great challenges that have evolved through globalization is the rise of terrorism. Through this paper, we have attempted to present the rise and advancement of terrorism through globalization. In a related way, we will present the impact of globalization which was exploited by terrorism for illegal purposes as well as to bring danger to the world. In this paper, through descriptive, analytical, and comparative methods, we have tried to present how globalization has led to the rise and spread of terrorism globally. In conclusion, we can conclude that globalization has facilitated the development of terrorism, making the impact of terrorism and their activities much easier to spread across the globe.

The proposal of this paper is clear to reveal and understand the unsteady flow characteristics over the surface of chambered airfoil operating especially at low Reynolds numbers by detecting boundary layer separation and laminar separation bubble (LSB). Experiments including smoke-wire technique for flow visualization, velocity measurement via hot-wire sensor and quasi-wall shear stress measurement by means of the hot-film sensor have been performed over the suction surface of NACA 4412 airfoil at Reynolds number of 5x104 and angle of attack of 14°. Experiments indicate that the airfoil at a stall angle exhibits the bistable characteristics over the suction surface because of the unsteady bubble bursting at low Reynolds numbers. That is, either laminar flow separates from the leading-edge of the airfoil owing to a dominant adverse pressure gradient (APG) or it does not separate along downstream. It is also noted that unsteady boundary layer formation may affect the flow characteristics by changing airfoil’s stability appreciably, causing the periodic fluctuations with the occurring bubble bursting and the leading edge and trailing edge vortex merging. This may conclude undesirable problems such as noise, vibration and flutter for the flight vehicles and wind turbines.

Humpback whales have very special fins, which reduce the friction force by the projections on the fins and enhance the lift force with increasing angle of attack. Thus, it has opportunity to move with less energy. In this study, the tubular structure was formed and adapted to the NACA0012 airfoil profile. Numerical modelling of tubercle wing was performed in ANSYS FLUENT. In numerical modelling, k-ω SST and Transition SST turbulence models were used to investigate tubercle wing performance. The tubercle structure on the wing provided to canalize the flow in the tubercle cavities, thus flow separation decreased. Consequently, it was observed that the aerodynamic performance of the wing increased when the sinusoidal protrusions known as tubercle structure were applied to the leading edge of the wing.

Effects of flexible membrane mounted over suction surface of NACA 4412 airfoil were experimentally investigated at Reynolds number of 5x104 and low aspect ratio (AR=1) in this paper. The smoke-wire visualization method has been performed for flow visualization to demonstrate flow phenomena as laminar separation bubble (LSB), leading edge separation at z/c=0.4 and tip vortices at z/c=0.1. Values of velocity, Reynolds stress and turbulence statistics were measured by means of a constant temperature anemometer (CTA) system. Results of smoke-wire experiment revealed that size and height of LSB formed along z/c=0.4 at lower angles of attack such as α=8° was mitigated. Moreover, stall phenomenon as a result of boundary layer separation was apparently postponed at higher angles of attack. Velocity value was increased, whereas values of Reynold stress and turbulent kinetic energy was decreased with reduction of amount of fluctuations in flow. Consequently, using flexible membrane over suction surface of airfoil allowed the LSB to be mitigated or extinguished, resulting in exhibition of more stable flow characteristics.

In this experimental study, flow over NACA 4412 airfoil with flexible membrane mounted both on suction surface and pressure surface was investigated at Reynolds number of 5x104 and different angles of attack. The smoke-wire visualization method was used for flow visualization to demonstrate flow phenomena as laminar separation bubble (LSB), leading edge separation and tip vortices. A constant temperature anemometer (CTA) was used for measuring flow over the partially flexible airfoil. Concerning the flow visualization, smoke-wire experiment was been conducted at z/c=0.1 and z/c=0.4. Besides, hot-wire experiment by means of CTA was employed to measure flow properties including values of velocity, turbulence statistics and Reynold stress over both uncontrolled and controlled airfoil. The results showed that partially flexible airfoil had several benefits compared with the uncontrolled airfoil. The results for this partially flexible airfoil were mainly lower size of LSB, higher stall angle of attack, ensuring more stable flow characteristics and more aerodynamic performance.

Investigates the effects of food supplemented with different levels of DL-alanin and L-glutamic acid on the growth of sea bass juveniles. Weight gains of the sea bass supplemented with DL-alanin and L-glutamic acid; Food conversion ratios.

Background: The etiology and pathophysiologic mechanism of vitiligo are still unclear. The relationship between increased oxidative stress due to the accumulation of radicals and reactive oxygen species and the associated changes in blood and epidermal component of vitiliginous skin have been reported many times. We investigated the possible changes of plasma malondialdehyde, glutathione, selenium, hydroxyproline and glutathione peroxidase activity levels in patients with vitiligo in order to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress and etiopathogenesis of vitiligo. Materials and Methods: Plasma malondialdehyde, glutathione, hydroxyproline and glutathione peroxidase activity levels were measured by spectrophotometric methods, and HPLC was used for measurement of selenium concentrations. Results: Our results showed increased malondialdehyde, hydroxyproline and glutathione peroxidase activity levels in plasma of vitiligo group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Support of antioxidant system via nonenzymatic antioxidant compounds and antioxidant enzymes may be useful to prevent of melanocyte degeneration which occur due to oxidative damage in vitiligo.

In this study, the effect of the aspect ratio on the aerodynamics characteristic of flexible membrane wings with different aspect ratios (AR = 1 and AR = 3) is experimentally investigated at Reynolds number of 25000. Time accurate measurements of membrane deformation using Digital Image Correlation system (DIC) is carried out while normal forces of the wing will be measured by helping a load-cell system and flow on the wing was visualized by means of smoke wire technic. The characteristics of high aspect ratio wings are shown to be affected by leading edge separation bubbles at low Reynolds number. It is concluded that the camber of membrane wing excites the separated shear layer and this situation increases the lift coefficient relatively more as compared to rigid wings. In membrane wings with low aspect ratio, unsteadiness included tip vortices and vortex shedding, and the combination of tip vortices and vortex shedding causes complex unsteady deformations of these membrane wings. The characteristic of high aspect ratio wings was shown to be affected by leading edge separation bubbles at low Reynolds numbers whereas the deformations of flexible wing with low aspect ratio affected by tip vortices and leading edge separation bubbles.