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The article discusses the developments in the field of biomedical optical coherence tomography (OCT) which were covered at the Biomedical Optics Symposium at SPIE Photonics West in Washington in February 2020. Topics discussed include the role of OCT as a standard of care in the field of ophthalmology, comparison of its progress with the first-generation systems in terms of speed, and its capability to extend its function in angiography.

The article discusses that tissue scattering degrades imaging by bending both excitation and emission light. It mentions that tissue scattering of excitation light leads to focal distortion, decreased excitation efficiency in multiphoton microscopy (MPM), and reduced optical resolution and imaging depth; and also mentions that Line-scanning temporal focusing microscopy (LTFM) is promising for providing high-speed imaging while maintaining tight axial confinement.

The article offers information on Photobiomodulation (PBM) which is a well-established method of stimulating mitochondrial activity with light.

The article discusses the development of optical neural interfaces at the photonics industry.

The article discusses the research work done in the development of Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) technology that has led to breakthroughs and inventions in single-cell metabolic imaging. Topics include the research work done by researchers in Harvard and Columbia University, along with the characteristics of the chemical tracer, D2O or heavy water.

The article focuses on the advances and growing applications of optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. It mentions that AngioVue Imaging System was launched by OptoVue outside the U.S. before Carl Zeiss Meditec (Dublin, CA) received the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 510(k) clearance of OCTA technology for its AngioPlex system. It notes the adoption and clinical applications of OCTA and the optics- and photonics-based developments that allow OCTA to address clinical needs.

The article offers on the light-enabled tissue repair. Topics discussed include light therapy, a non-thermal process that uses non-thermal light sources; stimulation of the regeneration of organs such as liver; and regeneration of blood cell components using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. It also mention about the establishment of new therapies and standard of care.

The article reports that the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has awarded grants to help realize the Neural Engineering System Design (NESD) program over the next four years. Six teams were chosen to help create and demonstrate the high-resolution neural interface, and three of them will pursue optical technologies as part of an implantable system. Each of the research will feature optogenetics.

The article focuses on the use of adaptive optics (AO) for super-resolution imaging of animal tissues. Topics discussed are history of AO which was used for signal processing for astronomy, biological imaging, and two-photon microscopy, use of software algorithms triggering actuators to deflect the surface of a deformable mirror, and conjugate adaptive optics and remote focusing (CAORF) technique. Also talks of research fund from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF).

The article reports on the neuroscience in cell biology. It highlights the impact of optogenetics in neuroscience in the interaction with intracellular structures and signaling pathways. An overview on the cell differentiation in cellular and developmental biology affecting cell signaling, is also emphasized.

The article discusses the role of Fourier-transform analysis in improving optical method for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) detection. Topics discussed include RA, which is an autoimmune disease in which patient's own immune system attacks the lining of their joints; limitations of the technologies in diagnosis; and development of a new non-invasive method for detecting RA, based on diffuse optical imaging, that combine 3-dimensional digital imaging and infrared spectroscopy.

The article reports on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval of the Pteye and Fluobeam 800 Clinic Imaging Devices for marketing. It mentions that the devices developed by researchers at Vanderbilt University and fluorescence imaging equipment provider Fluoptics Imaging Inc. focus on ameliorating thyroid and parathyroid surgeries. An overview of the perspective of scientist Anita Mahadevan-Jansen on the technology is also presented.

The article reports on time-resolved fluorescence and its clinical use. It mentions its research for the classification of carotid arteries and atherosclerotic plaques as well as identification of radiation-induced risks to the brain. It also notes its benefits such as intraoperative image-guided cancer surgery.

The article discusses the continuous innovation of optical coherence tomography (OCT). Topics mention including involving computational approaches, used of beam conditioning techniques to reduce spatial coherence while maintaining intensity and monochromaticity and the application of machine learning.

The article reports on the demonstration of the researchers from the University of New Mexico to harness the random lasers through the used of disordered optical fiber. Topics mention including the carrot-based random laser, biocompatible light sources and proposal regarding the continuous-wave (CW) pumping.

The article focuses on emerging generation of high-capability spectral flow cytometers is empowering new applications and expanding reach through lower cost. It mentions cell biology and clinical applications, including common blood tests and disease diagnosis and uses dichroic mirrors to produce independent signal detection paths. It also mentions flow cytometry to investigate immune system dynamics using tissue samples from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

The article offers information on the use of laptop computers by the researchers at the California Los Angles for the production of superresolution fluorescence imagery. Topics discussed include data driven approach requiring type of artificial intelligence called deep learning; use of microphotographs of cells and tissue samples by fluorescence microscopes; and comparison of computer-generated image and its superresolution counterpart produced by an advanced microscopy system.

The article reports on the research from University College London in England on an all-optical ultrasound probe. It highlights its safe application with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and potential miniaturization through its innovative optics for flexibility. An overview of the perspective of lead researcher Erwin Alles on its benefits is also presented.

The article reports on compact spectrometry project to advance the minimally invasive diagnostics and treatment procedures. It refers to Integrated Spectrometers for Spectral Tissue Sensing (InSPECT) project which developed key photonics building blocks for low-cost miniature spectrometers. The InSPECT project aims to address the precise placement of the probe tip in needle biopsy for more accurate cancer diagnosis and treatment.

The article discusses the benefits of photobiomodulation or low-level light therapy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other neurological and psychiatric conditions. It notes that photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy uses low-power monochromatic or quasimonochromatic light from visible blue to near-infrared (NIR). The researchers hope that PBM therapy provides a quantum leap to understand the use of light to restore physiologic function.

The article offers information on the SPIE Photonics West 2016 Moscone Convention Center in San Francisco, California on February 13-18, 2016. Topics discussed include three virtual Application Tracks that showcased papers from Green Photonics, Translation Research, and 3D Printing, panels on topics such as system design for laser materials processing, financing photonics businesses, and integrated photonics.

The article discusses the study conducted by North American researchers on a new method for imaging ultrashort light pulses in camera.

The article focuses on the shift of the miniscule calcium carbonate crystals in ear canals as body changes position and the crystals are part of the vestibular system of the body. Topics include the use of the genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs), the capability of quantum computers to lead to artificial intelligence (AI), and the use of calcium imaging on the processing of vestibular.

The article reports that Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) blood vessel measurement technology, Optovue's AngioAnalytics, won the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) clearance in June 2018, three years after the FDA cleared the foundational OCTA technique for ophthalmology. Topics include clearance of three-dimensional (3D) projection artifact removal software, 3D PAR and OCTA's advantages include visualization of vascular flow signal and en face imaging.

The article reports that clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated-9 (Cas9) has become recognized as a powerful genome-editing tool. Topics discussed include development of synthetic chemical and light-sensitive dCas9 nuclear translocation systems; information on calcium-responsive transcriptional reprogramming tool (CaRROT); and use of calcium influx for treatment of nervous and cardiovascular diseases.

The article discusses a method developed by researchers from the German Research Centre for Environmental Health and the Technical University of Munich in Germany for noninvasive glucose monitoring with the help of extended near-infrared optoacoustic spectrometry (OAS). An overview of the OAS instrument, which includes a personal computer controlling the optical parametric oscillator light source and a beamsplitter, is given.

The article reports on the concepts enabling new capabilities in far-field optical superresolution microscopy which include MINFIELD, MINFLUX, and DyMIN. Topics discussed include overcoming the barriers that prohibited supersolution techniques from reaching molecular resolution with the help of these three new concepts. Also being discussed is the stimulated emission depletion (STED) fluorescene microscopy.

The article discusses the study by researchers at the University of Virginia and Smith College on the use of photoacoustics (PA) for real-time surgical guidance. Topics include the risks posed by surgery, use of imaging systems to improve surgical outcomes, and the benefits of PA in surgery. The results reportedly revealed that PA offers critical tissue differentiation at depth.

The article offers information on the identification of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease by spectroscopy. Topics discussed include impact of early detection of Alzheimer's disease on the treatment; measurement of mitochondrial abnormalities using spectroscopy; and detection of differences in the tryptophan in the emission spectra in Alzheimer's disease patients and normal persons.

The article offers information on femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS). Topics include a survey by the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS) which shows concern about the clinical benefit of FLACS, developments in FLACS systems, and comments from Richard L. Lindstrom of Minnesota Eye Consultants.

The article focuses on a study of Raman-based instrument conducted by Canadian researchers Kevin Petrecca of McGill University and Frédéric Leblond of Polytechnique Montreal. The team has shown the efficacy of Raman spectroscopy for detecting brain, lung, colon, and skin cancers in situ during surgery.

The article discusses the significant role of ultraviolet (UV) lasers on flow cytometers. Topics mention including the expanded flow cytometry which lead to the demands for additional fluorescent parameters, introduction of BD Horizon Brilliant Ultraviolet (BUV) fluorochromes and Qdot excitation labeled cells.

The article talks about “Bone CLARITY," a bone tissue clearing method for bone tissue harbors and understanding essential physiological processes like hematopoiesis and bone growth. It mentions that the custom-built light-sheet fluorescence microscope to detect the endogenous fluorescence of Sox9-tdTomato+ osteoprogenitor cells in the tibia, femur, and vertebral column. The article adds that the microscope visualization of these processes at the cellular level in an intact environment.

The article discusses the development of novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) system design by Adam Wax, professor of biomedical engineering at Duke University. Topics include the development of OCT version the OQ LabScope by Wax's company, Lumedica which promises robust capability, same system's image quality and machines costing.

The article focuses on acceptance of augmented reality (AR) by surgeons for combining surgeon's natural view with patient data for increasing efficiency of treatment. Topics include the Video Optical See-Through Augmented Reality Surgical system (VOSTARS) project made of photonics like microdisplay and LED optical waveguide; views of Fabrizio Cutolo, from the University of Pisa, Italy, on benefits of video see-through (VST); and views of Dr. Vincenzo Ferrari, from University of Pisa, Italy.

The article offers information on the pulse shaping multiphoton microscope developed by the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign in Illinois, which allow to examine tumour molecules and use in cancer research.

The article reports on the experiment by the scientists at Howard Hughes Medical Institute's (HHMI's) Janelia Research Campus in Chevy Chase, Maryland. It mentions that the scientific experiment concerns with the advancement in laser-power optimization and testing the efficiency of two-photon excitation aimed to track the neuron populations within various brain regions. It adds that the scientific experiment was carried out through the use of mesoscope.

The article discusses advancements in optical coherence tomography (OCT). Topics include high-speed three-dimensional (3D) OCT imaging, vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) source in OCT imaging, and application of OCT imaging to macroscopic anatomical imaging. Particular focus is also given to the comparison of OCT with other 3D ranging technologies.

The article offers information on the project awarded by the National Cancer Institute to Jennifer Barton, a professor at the University of Arizona, wherein she will develop an effective system to identify imaging biomarkers of ovarian cancer. It mentions that Barton's project will combine three high-resolution optical techniques which include multiphoton microscopy, fluorescence, and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

The article offers information on the benefits of using optogenetics in therapeutics. Topics include the study conducted by RetroSense Therapeutics which aims to test dose levels of the therapy RST-001 which delivers channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR-2) to retina, the study being conducted by clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company GenSight Biologics to address retinitis pigmentosa, and the importance of tools such as lasers and optical fiber in optogenetics.

The article focuses on the use of photonics in healthcare technology. It explores the white paper, "A Brighter Future: Achieving the Goals of the Cancer Moonshot through Adoption of New and Enhanced Technologies and a Transformed IT Health System," released by the National Photonics Initiative (NPI) which highlights technologies that play significant role to end cancer. The insights of Alan Willner of NPI Steering Committee regarding the subject are also included.

The article discusses the superior stability brought by the all-fiber illumination to stimulated emission depletion (STED). Topics discussed include the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry given to the fluorescence technique known as STED, the reliance of the implementation of STED on free-space beam-shaping, and the sensitivity of the point-spread function (PSF).

The article discusses the application of infrared (IR) lights in Alzheimer's disease detection. It mentions the development of IR sensor based on a method for attaching proteins to the surface of germanium (GE) crystals that enable time-resolved atomic-resolution tracking of molecular interactions using spectroscopy. It notes that the misfolding and aggregation of amyloid-beta peptides is associated with the disease.

The article discusses the application of femtosecond laser in cataract surgery. It mentions the research led by laser optics manufacturer Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. to develop laser treatment to restore flexibility to the eye's natural crystalline lens. It refers to IKARUS project that developed a femtosecond-lentotomy method based on nonlinear interaction of ultrafast laser pulse and tissue.

The article reports that the work of researchers structured illumination microscopy (SIM) systems can achieve super resolution polarization imaging led by Peng Xi at Peking University and Qionghai Dai at Tsinghua University. Topics include the superposition of structured light and the fine structure of the sample can produce Moire fringes, and the researchers take the modulation of polarized light to dipoles as angular structured light.

The article features a biochemistry array for in-field pathogen detection and uses CRISPR gene-editing technology to monitor and detect nucleic acid markers, prominent strains of Ebola virus. It discusses the aim of the engineers and biochemists to develop low-cost a method for rapid, POC serological assay with minimal sample manipulation. It mentions benefits of technology in developing the vaccines, early detection and identification can control and even prevent outbreaks of Ebola virus..

The article offers information on the application and acceptance of photobiomodulation, or lowlevel-light therapy for disease prevention and treatment and pain relief. Topics include a technique that may enable light-based treatment for eye diseases including severe nearsightedness which indicates opsin 5-dopamine pathway, part of a light-dependent disease process for conditions; and noted that published clinical evidence highlights effects for musculoskeletal pain and neuropathic pain.

The article focuses on submicron intracellular lasers which promise new biological insight and allow migration of cells through capillaries and through epithelial layers. It mentions laser miniaturization in the pursuit of greater speed and bandwidth for communications and optical computing applications and lasers should minimize tissue scattering and absorption. It also mentions devices are made of an aluminum gallium indium phosphide multi-quantum-well semiconductor material.