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1. The effects of sociocultural changes on epistemic thinking across three generations in Romania.

Author

Furdui, Raluca, Gavreliuc, Alin, Greenfield, Patricia, Weinstock, Michael, and Ionescu, Amalia

Subjects
Humans, Adult, Adolescent, Young Adult, Romania, Social Change, Cultural Evolution, Communism, Attitude
Abstract

When people experience abrupt social change, from less education to more, from less technology use to more, from a homogeneous to a heterogeneous social environment, can their epistemic thinking adapt? When divergent opinions suddenly come to be valued, does epistemic thinking shift from absolute to more relativistic? We investigate whether and how these sociocultural shifts have produced changes in epistemic thinking in Romania, a country that fell from communism and started democracy in 1989. Our 147 participants were from Timisoara and fell into three groups, each experiencing the shift at a different point in their development: (i) born in 1989 or later, experiencing capitalism and democracy throughout life (N = 51); (ii) 15- to 25-years-old in 1989 when communism fell (N = 52); (iii) 45 or older in 1989 when communism fell (N = 44). As hypothesized, absolutist thinking was less frequent and evaluativist thinking, a relativistic epistemological mode, was more frequent the earlier in life a cohort was exposed to the post-communist environment in Romania. As predicted, younger cohorts experienced greater exposure to education, social media, and international travel. Greater exposure to education and social media were significant factors in the decline of absolutist thinking and the rise of evaluativist thinking across the generations.

Published
2023

2. Impact of the Mother's Mental Health and Socioeconomic Status on Prenatal Attachment in a Population-Based Sample of Expectant Romanian Women

Author

Brenda Cristiana Bernad, Dănuța Mitrache, Lavinia Hogea, Ana Pașcalău, Alin Gavreliuc, Marius Craina, Virgil Enătescu, Adrian-Bogdan Ciulpan, Adrian Lăcătușu, Diana Lungeanu, Venera Bucur, and Elena Bernad

Subjects
prenatal, materno-foetal attachment, depression, anxiety, stress, mental health, pregnancy, socio-economic, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract

Background: The health development of a baby during pregnancy is greatly influenced by prenatal bonding. The purpose of this study is to assess maternal-fetal attachment in the second- and third-trimesters and explore how the mother’s mental health and socioeconomic circumstances may affect it. Additionally, this study takes into account other relevant aspects, and addresses the existing lack of relevant information in Romania. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 200 pregnant women in the second- and third-trimesters of pregnancy. Personal Information Form (PIF), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and Maternal-Foetal Attachment Scale (MFAS) questionnaires were collected. Results: There was no statistically significant correlation between the MFAS and the mental health of the mother. Moreover, subsequent comparative analyses revealed a significant difference only in the case of socio-economic conditions, with women with a moderate socio-economic status showed higher levels of maternal-foetal attachment. Conclusions: The degree of maternal-foetal attachment is not significantly influenced by social characteristics such as age, education level, socio-economic context, or place of residence. The MFAS measured the attachment relationship. However, the study found no statistically significant correlation between the mother’s mental health and this attachment.

Published
2024
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3. Not All Forms of Independence Are Created Equal: Only Being Independent the Right Way Is Associated With Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction.

Author

Moza, Daniela, Lawrie, Smaranda, Maricuțoiu, Laurențiu, Gavreliuc, Alin, and Kim, Heejung

Subjects
culture, independence, life satisfaction, self-construal, self-esteem
Abstract

Past research has found a strong and positive association between the independent self-construal and life satisfaction, mediated through self-esteem, in both individualistic and collectivistic cultures. In Study 1, we collected data from four countries (the United States, Japan, Romania, and Hungary; N = 736) and replicated these findings in cultures which have received little attention in past research. In Study 2, we treated independence as a multifaceted construct and further examined its relationship with self-esteem and life satisfaction using samples from the United States and Romania (N = 370). Different ways of being independent are associated with self-esteem and life satisfaction in the two cultures, suggesting that it is not independence as a global concept that predicts self-esteem and life satisfaction, but rather, feeling independent in culturally appropriate ways is a signal that ones way of being fits in and is valued in ones context.

Published
2020

4. The effects of sociocultural changes on epistemic thinking across three generations in Romania.

Author

Amalia Ionescu, Raluca Furdui, Alin Gavreliuc, Patricia M Greenfield, and Michael Weinstock

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

When people experience abrupt social change, from less education to more, from less technology use to more, from a homogeneous to a heterogeneous social environment, can their epistemic thinking adapt? When divergent opinions suddenly come to be valued, does epistemic thinking shift from absolute to more relativistic? We investigate whether and how these sociocultural shifts have produced changes in epistemic thinking in Romania, a country that fell from communism and started democracy in 1989. Our 147 participants were from Timisoara and fell into three groups, each experiencing the shift at a different point in their development: (i) born in 1989 or later, experiencing capitalism and democracy throughout life (N = 51); (ii) 15- to 25-years-old in 1989 when communism fell (N = 52); (iii) 45 or older in 1989 when communism fell (N = 44). As hypothesized, absolutist thinking was less frequent and evaluativist thinking, a relativistic epistemological mode, was more frequent the earlier in life a cohort was exposed to the post-communist environment in Romania. As predicted, younger cohorts experienced greater exposure to education, social media, and international travel. Greater exposure to education and social media were significant factors in the decline of absolutist thinking and the rise of evaluativist thinking across the generations.

Published
2023
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5. To Steal or Not to Steal: Self-Discrepancies as a Way to Promote Pro-social Behavior: The Moderating Role of Self-Interest

Author

Alin Gavreliuc, Dana Gavreliuc, and Alin Semenescu

Subjects
pro-social behavior, stealing, field experiment, post-communism, Romania, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Previous research showed that acting immorally on one occasion can determine a greater availability for pro-social behavior on a subsequent occasion. Nevertheless, moderating factors for this effect, such as financial interest remained largely unexplored. The present field experiment (N = 587) was organized in an urban setting, in a post-communist society (Romania), in a context of public anonymity and examined passersby’s pro-social behavior on two consecutive occasions. The procedure involved a confederate “losing” a banknote of different values (1, 10, 50, 100, or 500 RON), which invited passersby’s pro-social behavior to return it (or not). Participants who decided to steal the banknote were approached by a second confederate and asked politely to return the banknote. Our research was articulated mainly as a quantitative approach by measuring participants’ pro-social behavior toward the person who lost the banknote, their subsequent pro-social behavior toward the confederate who exposed their behavior and the number of words they produced during a post-experimental interview in which they could justify their behavior. At the same time, we also performed a qualitative approach, through which we explored the themes evoked in their justifications and their relation with their previous behavior. Results indicate a moderating effect of economic interest on pro-social behavior toward the confederate who lost the banknote, as well as on their subsequent pro-social behavior toward the second confederate. Participants who stole the banknote also used significantly more words to justify their behavior, and this tendency could be observed especially in the case for higher values of the banknote. Results are critically discussed in a context dominated by an inherited pattern of distrust and social cynicism.

Published
2022
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6. Family first

Author

Kuba Krys, June Chun Yeung, Brian W. Haas, Yvette van Osch, Aleksandra Kosiarczyk, Agata Kocimska-Zych, Claudio Torres, Heyla A. Selim, John M. Zelenski, Michael Harris Bond, Joonha Park, Vivian Miu-Chi Lun, Fridanna Maricchiolo, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Iva Poláčková Šolcová, David Sirlopú, Cai Xing, Vivian L. Vignoles, Wijnand A. P. van Tilburg, Julien Teyssier, Chien-Ru Sun, Ursula Serdarevich, Beate Schwarz, Ruta Sargautyte, Espen Røysamb, Vladyslav Romashov, Muhammad Rizwan, Zoran Pavlović, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, Ayu Okvitawanli, Azar Nadi, Martin Nader, Nur Fariza Mustaffa, Elke Murdock, Oriana Mosca, Tamara Mohorić, Pablo Eduardo Barrientos Marroquin, Arina Malyonova, Xinhui Liu, J. Hannah Lee, Anna Kwiatkowska, Nicole Kronberger, Lucie Klůzová Kráčmarová, Natalia Kascakova, İdil Işık, Eric R. Igou, David O. Igbokwe, Diana Hanke-Boer, Alin Gavreliuc, Ragna B. Garðarsdóttir, Márta Fülöp, Vladimer Gamsakhurdia, Carla Sofia Esteves, Alejandra Domínguez-Espinosa, Patrick Denoux, Salome Charkviani, Arno Baltin, Douglas Arevalo, Lily Appoh, Charity Akotia, Mladen Adamovic, Yukiko Uchida, Krys, Kuba, Chun Yeung, June, Haas, Brian W., van Osch, Yvette, Kosiarczyk, Aleksandra, Kocimska-Zych, Agata, Torres, Claudio, Selim, Heyla A., Zelenski, John M., Bond, Michael Harri, Park, Joonha, Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi, Maricchiolo, Fridanna, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Poláčková Šolcová, Iva, Sirlopú, David, Xing, Cai, Vignoles, Vivian L., van Tilburg, Wijnand A. P., Teyssier, Julien, Sun, Chien-Ru, Serdarevich, Ursula, Schwarz, Beate, Sargautyte, Ruta, Røysamb, Espen, Romashov, Vladyslav, Rizwan, Muhammad, Pavlović, Zoran, Pavlopoulos, Vassili, Okvitawanli, Ayu, Nadi, Azar, Nader, Martin, Mustaffa, Nur Fariza, Murdock, Elke, Mosca, Oriana, Mohorić, Tamara, Barrientos Marroquin, Pablo Eduardo, Malyonova, Arina, Liu, Xinhui, Lee, J. Hannah, Kwiatkowska, Anna, Kronberger, Nicole, Klůzová Kráčmarová, Lucie, Kascakova, Natalia, Işık, İdil, Igou, Eric R., Igbokwe, David O., Hanke-Boer, Diana, Gavreliuc, Alin, Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B., Fülöp, Márta, Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Domínguez-Espinosa, Alejandra, Denoux, Patrick, Charkviani, Salome, Baltin, Arno, Arevalo, Dougla, Appoh, Lily, Akotia, Charity, Adamovic, Mladen, and Uchida, Yukiko

Subjects
Cultural Studies, family, Social Psychology, relational mobility, Culture, Happiness, Interdependent happiness, Well-being, Relational mobility, family, happiness, well-being, interdependent happiness, life satisfaction, culture, relational mobility, culture, well-being, interdependent happiness, Anthropology, happiness, Family, Life satisfaction, life satisfaction
Abstract

People care about their own well-being, but also about the well-being of their families. It is currently however unknown how much people tend to value their own and their family’s wellbeing. A recent study documented that people value family happiness over personal happiness across four cultures. In this study, we sought to replicate this finding across a larger sample size (N = 12,819) and a greater number of countries (N = 49), We found that the strength of the idealization of family over personal happiness preference was small (average Cohen’s ds = .20 with country levels varying from -.02 to almost .48), but ubiquitous, i.e., direction presented in 98% of the studied countries, 73-75% with statistical significance and < 2% variance across countries. We also found that the size of this effect did vary somewhat across cultural contexts. In Latin American cultures highest on relational mobility, the idealization of family over personal happiness was very small (average Cohen’s ds for Latin America = .15 and .18), while in Confucian Asia cultures lowest on relational mobility, this effect was closer to medium (ds > .40 and .30). Importantly, we did not find strong support for traditional theories in cross-cultural psychology that associate collectivism with greater prioritization of the family versus the individual; country level individualism-collectivism was not associated with variation in the idealization of family versus individual happiness. Our findings indicate that no matter how much various populists abuse the argument of “protecting family life” to disrupt emancipation, family happiness seems to be a pan-culturally phenomenon. Family well-being is a key ingredient of social fabric across the world, and should be acknowledged by psychology and well-being researchers, and by progressive movements too.

Published
2023

7. Unpackaging the link between economic inequality and self-construal

Author

Ángel Sánchez-Rodríguez, Ayse K. Uskul, Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón, Guillermo B. Willis, Vivian L. Vignoles, Kuba Krys, Mladen Adamovic, Charity S. Akotia, Isabelle Albert, Lily Appoh, Arno Baltin, Pablo Eduardo Barrientos, Michael Harris Bond, Patrick Denoux, Alejandra Domínguez-Espinosa, Carla Sofia Esteves, Márta Fülöp, Vladimer Gamsakhurdia, Ragna B. Garðarsdóttir, Alin Gavreliuc, Diana Hanke-Boer, Brian W. Haas, David O. Igbokwe, İdil Işık, Natalia Kascakova, Lucie Klůzová Kračmárová, Agata Kocimska-Zych, Aleksandra Kosiarczyk, Olga Kostoula, Nicole Kronberger, Anna Kwiatkowska, J. Hannah Lee, Xinhui Liu, Magdalena Łużniak-Piecha, Arina Malyonova, Fridanna Maricchiolo, Arévalo Mira, Tamara Mohorić, Oriana Mosca, Elke Murdock, Nur Fariza Mustaffa, Vivian Miu-Chi Lun, Martin Nader, Azar Nadi, Ayu Okvitawanli, Yvette van Osch, Joonha Park, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, Zoran Pavlović, Iva Poláčková Šolcová, Eric Raymond Igou, Muhammad Rizwan, Vladyslav Romashov, Espen Røysamb, Ruta Sargautyte, Beate Schwarz, Heyla A. Selim, Ursula Serdarevich, David Sirlopú, Maria Stogianni, Stanislava Stoyanova, Chien-Ru Sun, Julien Teyssier, Wijnand A. P. van Tilburg, Claudio Torres, Yukiko Uchida, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Cai Xing, John M. Zelenski, Sánchez-Rodríguez, Ángel, Uskul, Ayse K., Rodríguez-Bailón, Rosa, Willis, Guillermo B., Vignoles, Vivian L., Krys, Kuba, Adamovic, Mladen, Akotia, Charity S., Albert, Isabelle, Appoh, Lily, Baltin, Arno, Barrientos, Pablo Eduardo, Bond, Michael Harri, Denoux, Patrick, Domínguez-Espinosa, Alejandra, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Fülöp, Márta, Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer, Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B., Gavreliuc, Alin, Hanke-Boer, Diana, Haas, Brian W., Igbokwe, David O., Işık, İdil, Kascakova, Natalia, Klůzová Kračmárová, Lucie, Kocimska-Zych, Agata, Kosiarczyk, Aleksandra, Kostoula, Olga, Kronberger, Nicole, Kwiatkowska, Anna, Lee, J. Hannah, Liu, Xinhui, Łużniak-Piecha, Magdalena, Malyonova, Arina, Maricchiolo, Fridanna, Mira, Arévalo, Mohorić, Tamara, Mosca, Oriana, Murdock, Elke, Mustaffa, Nur Fariza, Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi, Nader, Martin, Nadi, Azar, Okvitawanli, Ayu, van Osch, Yvette, Park, Joonha, Pavlopoulos, Vassili, Pavlović, Zoran, Poláčková Šolcová, Iva, Igou, Eric Raymond, Rizwan, Muhammad, Romashov, Vladyslav, Røysamb, Espen, Sargautyte, Ruta, Schwarz, Beate, Selim, Heyla A., Serdarevich, Ursula, Sirlopú, David, Stogianni, Maria, Stoyanova, Stanislava, Sun, Chien-Ru, Teyssier, Julien, van Tilburg, Wijnand A. P., Torres, Claudio, Uchida, Yukiko, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Xing, Cai, Zelenski, John M., Department of Social Psychology, and Rapid Social and Cultural Transformation: Online & Offline

Subjects
multidimensional self-construal, Economic inequality, Interdependence, independence, Multidimensional self-construal, Independence, interdependence, General Psychology
Abstract

Past research has shown that economic inequality shapes individuals’ self-construals. However, it has been unclear which dimensions of self-construal are associated with and affected by economic inequality. A correlational (Study 1: N = 264) and an experimental study (Study 2: N = 532) provided converging evidence linking perceived economic inequality with two forms of independent (vs. interdependent) self-construal: Difference from Others and Self- Reliance. In Study 3 (N = 12,634) societal differences in objective economic inequality across 48 nations predicted feelings of Difference from Others, but not Self-Reliance. Importantly, we found no significant associations of economic inequality with the other six dimensions of self-construal. Our findings help extend previous results linking economic inequality to forms of “social distance.”

Published
2023

8. Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries

Author

Maria I. T. Olsson, Sanne van Grootel, Katharina Block, Carolin Schuster, Loes Meeussen, Colette Van Laar, Toni Schmader, Alyssa Croft, Molly Shuyi Sun, Mare Ainsaar, Lianne Aarntzen, Magdalena Adamus, Joel Anderson, Ciara Atkinson, Mohamad Avicenna, Przemysław Bąbel, Markus Barth, Tessa M. Benson‐Greenwald, Edona Maloku, Jacques Berent, Hilary B. Bergsieker, Monica Biernat, Andreea G. Bîrneanu, Blerta Bodinaku, Janine Bosak, Jennifer Bosson, Marija Branković, Julius Burkauskas, Vladimíra Čavojová, Sapna Cheryan, Eunsoo Choi, Incheol Choi, Carlos C. Contreras‐Ibáñez, Andrew Coogan, Ivan Danyliuk, Ilan Dar‐Nimrod, Nilanjana Dasgupta, Soledad de Lemus, Thierry Devos, Marwan Diab, Amanda B. Diekman, Maria Efremova, Léïla Eisner, Anja Eller, Rasa Erentaite, Denisa Fedáková, Renata Franc, Leire Gartzia, Alin Gavreliuc, Dana Gavreliuc, Julija Gecaite‐Stonciene, Adriana L. Germano, Ilaria Giovannelli, Renzo Gismondi Diaz, Lyudmila Gitikhmayeva, Abiy Menkir Gizaw, Biljana Gjoneska, Omar Martínez González, Roberto González, Isaac David Grijalva, Derya Güngör, Marie Gustafsson Sendén, William Hall, Charles Harb, Bushra Hassan, Tabea Hässler, Diala R. Hawi, Levke Henningsen, Annedore Hoppe, Keiko Ishii, Ivana Jakšić, Alba Jasini, Jurgita Jurkevičienė, Kaltrina Kelmendi, Teri A. Kirby, Yoko Kitakaji, Natasza Kosakowska‐Berezecka, Inna Kozytska, Clara Kulich, Eva Kundtová‐Klocová, Filiz Kunuroglu, Christina Lapytskaia Aidy, Albert Lee, Anna Lindqvist, Wilson López‐López, Liany Luzvinda, Fridanna Maricchiolo, Delphine Martinot, Rita Anne McNamara, Alyson Meister, Tizita Lemma Melka, Narseta Mickuviene, María Isabel Miranda‐Orrego, Thadeus Mkamwa, James Morandini, Thomas Morton, David Mrisho, Jana Nikitin, Sabine Otten, Maria Giuseppina Pacilli, Elizabeth Page‐Gould, Ana Perandrés, Jon Pizarro, Nada Pop‐Jordanova, Joanna Pyrkosz‐Pacyna, Sameir Quta, TamilSelvan Ramis, Nitya Rani, Sandrine Redersdorff, Isabelle Régner, Emma A. Renström, Adrian Rivera‐Rodriguez, Sánchez Tania Esmeralda Rocha, Tatiana Ryabichenko, Rim Saab, Kiriko Sakata, Adil Samekin, Tracy Sánchez‐Pachecho, Carolin Scheifele, Marion K. Schulmeyer, Sabine Sczesny, David Sirlopú, Vanessa Smith‐Castro, Kadri Soo, Federica Spaccatini, Jennifer R. Steele, Melanie C. Steffens, Ines Sucic, Joseph Vandello, Laura Maria Velásquez‐Díaz, Melissa Vink, Eva Vives, Turuwark Zalalam Warkineh, Iris Žeželj, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Xian Zhao, Sarah E. Martiny, „Wiley' grupė, Olsson, Mit, van Grootel, S, Block, K, Schuster, C, Meeussen, L, Van Laar, C, Schmader, T, Croft, A, Sun, M, Ainsaar, M, Aarntzen, L, Adamus, M, Anderson, J, Atkinson, C, Avicenna, M, Babel, P, Barth, M, Benson-Greenwald, Tm, Maloku, E, Berent, J, Bergsieker, Hb, Biernat, M, Birneanu, Ag, Bodinaku, B, Bosak, J, Bosson, J, Brankovic, M, Burkauskas, J, Cavojova, V, Cheryan, S, Choi, E, Choi, I, Contreras-Ibanez, Cc, Coogan, A, Danyliuk, I, Dar-Nimrod, I, Dasgupta, N, de Lemus, S, Devos, T, Diab, M, Diekman, Ab, Efremova, M, Eisner, L, Eller, A, Erentaite, R, Fedakova, D, Franc, R, Gartzia, L, Gavreliuc, A, Gavreliuc, D, Gecaite-Stonciene, J, Germano, Al, Giovannelli, I, Diaz, Rg, Gitikhmayeva, L, Gizaw, Am, Gjoneska, B, Gonzalez, Om, Gonzalez, R, Grijalva, Id, Gungor, D, Senden, Mg, Hall, W, Harb, C, Hassan, B, Hassler, T, Hawi, Dr, Henningsen, L, Hoppe, A, Ishii, K, Jaksic, I, Jasini, A, Jurkeviciene, J, Kelmendi, K, Kirby, Ta, Kitakaji, Y, Kosakowska-Berezecka, N, Kozytska, I, Kulich, C, Kundtova-Klocova, E, Kunuroglu, F, Aidy, Cl, Lee, A, Lindqvist, A, Lopez-Lopez, W, Luzvinda, L, Maricchiolo, F, Martinot, D, Mcnamara, Ra, Meister, A, Melka, Tl, Mickuviene, N, Miranda-Orrego, Mi, Mkamwa, T, Morandini, J, Morton, T, Mrisho, D, Nikitin, J, Otten, S, Pacilli, Mg, Page-Gould, E, Perandres, A, Pizarro, J, Pop-Jordanova, N, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, J, Quta, S, Ramis, T, Rani, N, Redersdorff, S, Regner, I, Renstrom, Ea, Rivera-Rodriguez, A, Rocha, Ste, Ryabichenko, T, Saab, R, Sakata, K, Samekin, A, Sanchez-Pachecho, T, Scheifele, C, Schulmeyer, Mk, Sczesny, S, Sirlopu, D, Smith-Castro, V, Soo, K, Spaccatini, F, Steele, Jr, Steffens, Mc, Sucic, I, Vandello, J, Velasquez-Diaz, Lm, Vink, M, Vives, E, Warkineh, Tz, Zezelj, I, Zhang, Xx, Zhao, X, and Martiny, Se

Subjects
inequality, Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, parental leave, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, childcare, cross-national, VDP::Humaniora: 000, Philosophy, Clinical Psychology, cross- national, Political Science and International Relations, gender, parental leave, gender, cross-national, inequality, childcare
Abstract

Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women’s political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women’s (rather than men’s) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men’s higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men’s leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed., SSHRC Insight Development Grant 430-2018-00361 SSHRC Insight Grant 435-2014-1247 SSHRC doctoral fellowship, Basic Research Program at HSE University, RF, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC) ES/S00274X/1, State Research Agency PID2019--111549GB-I00/10.13039/501100011033, Guangdong 13th-five Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project GD20CXL06, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 31600912 research infrastructure HUME Lab Experimental Humanities Laboratory, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) P1ZHP1_184553 P500PS_206546 P2LAP1_194987, Center for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies (ANID/FONDAP) 15130009 Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research (ANID/FONDAP) 15110006, SSHRC Postdoctoral Fellowship 756-2017-0249, Slovak Research and Development Agency project APVV 20--0319, Canada Research Chairs CGIAR CRC 152583, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) 140649, Ministry of Research and Innovation, Ontario 152655

Published
2023

9. Social Cognitions and Cultural Dimensions in the Romanian Educational Field

Author

Alin Gavreliuc and Dana Gavreliuc

Subjects
Hofstede’s model, social axioms, personal autonomy, education, intergenerational comparison, Education, Theory and practice of education, LB5-3640
Abstract

The aim of this study, conducted on a sample of 522 subjects, was to explore the main profiles of subjects, in terms of cultural dimensions and personal autonomy patterns, belonging to the Romanian educational environment, evidencing the role of cultural factors in generating a problematic profile (deficient personal autonomy, expressed by low self-determination, low self-esteem and externalist attributional patterns), regardless of the generational or organizational (pre-university vs. university) characteristics of the subjects. The intergenerational analysis carried out shows the highest level of autocratic opening (i.e. power distance) and duplicitous pattern (i.e. social cynicism) for the young generation, in comparison with the older ones. The paper also discusses the implications of these profiles for assessing the modernization process in the Romanian educational environment.

Published
2018
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10. Beyond the façade of generosity-Regional stereotypes within the same national culture influence prosocial behaviors.

Author

Alin Gavreliuc, Dana Gavreliuc, and Alin Semenescu

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

We analyzed prosocial behaviors in a field experiment (N = 307) conducted in an urban context (Timisoara, Banat region, Romania), starting from a classical Cross-Cultural Psychology research organized in UK and Iran by Collet & O'Shea in 1976. If the evoked study is focused on comparing prosocial behaviors in two very different national cultures (UK vs. Iran), we compared helping strangers strategies within the same national culture in relation to the regional identities of the help-seeking subjects. A behavioral scenario was created by asking naïve participants to offer support and give directions to a place even if they did not know its whereabouts. Drawing on social identity theory, it was tested whether regional belonging of the help-seeker (in-group vs. out-group) predicts the availability of help-givers for offering help, their availability for giving wrong directions, as well as their emotional expressiveness. Results are interpreted within the perspective of social distance between groups and show that the more distant regional identities are perceived to be, the less generous help-givers are, both in terms of their decision to help and to give wrong directions, as well as in their expressed emotions.

Published
2021
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11. Structural, Psychological and Contextual Predictors of Car Use

Author

Alin Semenescu and Alin Gavreliuc

Subjects
car use, sustainable transportation, psychological predictors, structural predictors, contextual predictors, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Besides its undeniable advantages, personal car use generates a wide array of problems, among which its contribution to global warming is probably the most severe. To implement sound policies that are effective in reducing private car use, it is essential to first understand its important antecedents. Structural, psychological and contextual predictors were extensively studied independently, yet integrative approaches that investigate all these factors in a single theoretical model are lacking. The present study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of car use behavior by proposing a model that includes structural, psychological and contextual determinants and tests this model on an international sample of drivers (N = 414). Responses were analyzed using a structural equation modeling approach. Results show that car use habits, perceived behavioral control, policy measures, fuel cost, infrastructure, temperature and level of precipitations significantly influence car use behavior. Such results support the inclusion of both structural (i.e., hard) and psychological (i.e., soft) factors in the design of policy interventions, while also considering contextual situations. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

Published
2021
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12. Not All Forms of Independence Are Created Equal: Only Being Independent the 'Right Way' Is Associated With Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction

Author

Daniela Moza, Smaranda Ioana Lawrie, Laurențiu P. Maricuțoiu, Alin Gavreliuc, and Heejung S. Kim

Subjects
culture, self-construal, independence, self-esteem, life satisfaction, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Past research has found a strong and positive association between the independent self-construal and life satisfaction, mediated through self-esteem, in both individualistic and collectivistic cultures. In Study 1, we collected data from four countries (the United States, Japan, Romania, and Hungary; N = 736) and replicated these findings in cultures which have received little attention in past research. In Study 2, we treated independence as a multifaceted construct and further examined its relationship with self-esteem and life satisfaction using samples from the United States and Romania (N = 370). Different ways of being independent are associated with self-esteem and life satisfaction in the two cultures, suggesting that it is not independence as a global concept that predicts self-esteem and life satisfaction, but rather, feeling independent in culturally appropriate ways is a signal that one’s way of being fits in and is valued in one’s context.

Published
2021
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13. Self-construals predict personal life satisfaction with different strengths across societal contexts differing in national wealth and religious heritage

Author

Ángel Sánchez-Rodríguez, Vivian L. Vignoles, Michael Harris Bond, Mladen Adamovic, Charity S. Akotia, Isabelle Albert, Lily Appoh, Arno Baltin, Pablo Eduardo Barrientos, Patrick Denoux, Alejandra Domínguez-Espinosa, Carla Sofia Esteves, Márta Fülöp, Vladimer Gamsakhurdia, Ragna B. Garðarsdóttir, Alin Gavreliuc, Diana Hanke-Boer, Brian W. Haas, David O. Igbokwe, İ̇dil Işık, Natalia Kascakova, Lucie Klůzová Kračmárová, Agata Kocimska-Zych, Aleksandra Kosiarczyk, Olga Kostoula, Nicole Kronberger, Kuba Krys, Anna Kwiatkowska, J. Hannah Lee, Xinhui Liu, Magdalena Łużniak-Piecha, Arina Malyonova, Fridanna Maricchiolo, Arévalo Mira, Tamara Mohorić, Oriana Mosca, Elke Murdock, Nur Fariza Mustaffa, Vivian Miu-Chi Lun, Martin Nader, Azar Nadi, Ayu Okvitawanli, Yvette van Osch, Joonha Park, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, Zoran Pavlović, Iva Poláčková Šolcová, Eric Raymond Igou, Muhammad Rizwan, Vladyslav Romashov, Espen Røysamb, Ruta Sargautyte, Beate Schwarz, Heyla A. Selim, Ursula Serdarevich, David Sirlopú, Maria Stogianni, Stanislava Stoyanova, Chien-Ru Sun, Julien Teyssier, Wijnand A. P. van Tilburg, Claudio Torres, Yukiko Uchida, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Cai Xing, John M. Zelenski, Department of Social Psychology, Rapid Social and Cultural Transformation: Online & Offline, Sánchez-Rodríguez, Ángel, Vignoles, Vivian L., Bond, Michael Harri, Adamovic, Mladen, Akotia, Charity S., Albert, Isabelle, Appoh, Lily, Baltin, Arno, Barrientos, Pablo Eduardo, Denoux, Patrick, Domínguez-Espinosa, Alejandra, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Fülöp, Márta, Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer, Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B., Gavreliuc, Alin, Hanke-Boer, Diana, Haas, Brian W., Igbokwe, David O., Işık, İ̇dil, Kascakova, Natalia, Klůzová Kračmárová, Lucie, Kocimska-Zych, Agata, Kosiarczyk, Aleksandra, Kostoula, Olga, Kronberger, Nicole, Krys, Kuba, Kwiatkowska, Anna, Lee, J. Hannah, Liu, Xinhui, Łużniak-Piecha, Magdalena, Malyonova, Arina, Maricchiolo, Fridanna, Mira, Arévalo, Mohorić, Tamara, Mosca, Oriana, Murdock, Elke, Mustaffa, Nur Fariza, Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi, Nader, Martin, Nadi, Azar, Okvitawanli, Ayu, van Osch, Yvette, Park, Joonha, Pavlopoulos, Vassili, Pavlović, Zoran, Poláčková Šolcová, Iva, Igou, Eric Raymond, Rizwan, Muhammad, Romashov, Vladyslav, Røysamb, Espen, Sargautyte, Ruta, Schwarz, Beate, Selim, Heyla A., Serdarevich, Ursula, Sirlopú, David, Stogianni, Maria, Stoyanova, Stanislava, Sun, Chien-Ru, Teyssier, Julien, van Tilburg, Wijnand A. P., Torres, Claudio, Uchida, Yukiko, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Xing, Cai, and Zelenski, John M.

Subjects
Multicomponentself-construal, Economic inequality, Religious heritage, Multicomponent self-construal, National wealth, Personal life satisfaction, General Psychology
Abstract

We explore to what extent previously observed pan-cultural association between dimensions of self-construal and personal life satisfaction (PLS) may be moderated by three national-contextual variables: national wealth, economic inequality, and religious heritage. The results showed that MSelf-reliance (vs. dependence on others) predicted PLSpositively in poorer countries but negatively in richer countries. Connectedness to others (vs. self-containment) predicted PLS more strongly in Protestant-heritage countries. Self-expression (vs. harmony) predicted PLS more weakly (and non-significantly) in Muslim-heritage countries. In contrast, previously reported associations of self-direction (vs. reception-to-influence), consistency (vs. variability), and decontextualized (vs. contextualized) self-understanding with personal life satisfaction were not significantly moderated by these aspects of societal context. These results show the importance of considering the impact of national religious and economic context.

Published
2023

14. Need for approval from others and face concerns as predictors of interpersonal conflict outcome in 29 cultural groups

Author

Vivian Miu‐Chi Lun, Peter B. Smith, Lusine Grigoryan, Claudio Torres, Antonia Papastylianou, Olga G. Lopukhova, Diane Sunar, Matthew J. Easterbrook, Yasin Koc, Heyla A. Selim, Phatthanakit Chobthamkit, Trawin Chaleeraktrakoon, Pelin Gul, Lorena Perez Floriano, Rolando Diaz‐Loving, Catherine T. Kwantes, Masaki Yuki, Natsuki Ogusu, Yvette van Osch, Maria Luisa Mendes Texeira, Ping Hu, Ammar Abbas, Doriana Tripodi, Siugmin Lay, Maria Efremova, Bushra Hassan, Abd Halim Ahmad, Ahmed al‐Bayati, Joel Anderson, Susan E. Cross, Gisela Isabel Delfino, Vladimer Gamsakhurdia, Alin Gavreliuc, Dana Gavreliuc, Ceren Gunsoy, Paola Eunice Díaz Rivera, and Anna Hakobjanyan

Subjects
cultural logic, self-construal, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), personality, face, General Medicine, interpersonal conflict, cross-cultural studies, General Psychology
Abstract

The extent to which culture moderates the effects of need for approval from others on a person's handling of interpersonal conflict was investigated. Students from 24 nations rated how they handled a recent interpersonal conflict, using measures derived from face-negotiation theory. Samples varied in the extent to which they were perceived as characterised by the cultural logics of dignity, honour, or face. It was hypothesised that the emphasis on harmony within face cultures would reduce the relevance of need for approval from others to face-negotiation concerns. Respondents rated their need for approval from others and how much they sought to preserve their own face and the face of the other party during the conflict. Need for approval was associated with concerns for both self-face and other-face. However, as predicted, the association between need for approval from others and concern for self-face was weaker where face logic was prevalent. Favourable conflict outcome was positively related to other-face and negatively related to self-face and to need for approval from others, but there were no significant interactions related to prevailing cultural logics. The results illustrate how particular face-threatening factors can moderate the distinctive face-concerns earlier found to characterise individualistic and collectivistic cultural groups.

Published
2023

15. Gendered self-views across 62 countries : A test of competing models

Author

Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka, Jennifer K. Bosson, Paweł Jurek, Tomasz Besta, Michał Olech, Joseph A. Vandello, Michael Bender, Justine Dandy, Vera Hoorens, Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti, Eric Mankowski, Satu Venäläinen, Sami Abuhamdeh, Collins Badu Agyemang, Gülçin Akbaş, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Soline Ammirati, Joel Anderson, Gulnaz Anjum, Amarina Ariyanto, John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, Mujeeba Ashraf, Aistė Bakaitytė, Maja Becker, Chiara Bertolli, Dashamir Bërxulli, Deborah L. Best, Chongzeng Bi, Katharina Block, Mandy Boehnke, Renata Bongiorno, Janine Bosak, Annalisa Casini, Qingwei Chen, Peilian Chi, Vera Cubela Adoric, Serena Daalmans, Soledad de Lemus, Sandesh Dhakal, Nikolay Dvorianchikov, Sonoko Egami, Edgardo Etchezahar, Carla Sofia Esteves, Laura Froehlich, Efrain Garcia-Sanchez, Alin Gavreliuc, Dana Gavreliuc, Ángel Gomez, Francesca Guizzo, Sylvie Graf, Hedy Greijdanus, Ani Grigoryan, Joanna Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Keltouma Guerch, Marie Gustafsson Sendén, Miriam-Linnea Hale, Hannah Hämer, Mika Hirai, Lam Hoang Duc, Martina Hřebíčková, Paul B. Hutchings, Dorthe Høj Jensen, Serdar Karabati, Kaltrina Kelmendi, Gabriella Kengyel, Narine Khachatryan, Rawan Ghazzawi, Mary Kinahan, Teri A. Kirby, Monika Kovacs, Desiree Kozlowski, Vladislav Krivoshchekov, Kuba Kryś, Clara Kulich, Tai Kurosawa, Nhan Thi Lac An, Javier Labarthe-Carrara, Mary Anne Lauri, Ioana Latu, Abiodun Musbau Lawal, Junyi Li, Jana Lindner, Anna Lindqvist, Angela T. Maitner, Elena Makarova, Ana Makashvili, Shera Malayeri, Sadia Malik, Tiziana Mancini, Claudia Manzi, Silvia Mari, Sarah E. Martiny, Claude-Hélène Mayer, Vladimir Mihić, Jasna MiloševićĐorđević, Eva Moreno-Bella, Silvia Moscatelli, Andrew Bryan Moynihan, Dominique Muller, Erita Narhetali, Félix Neto, Kimberly A. Noels, Boglárka Nyúl, Emma C. O’Connor, Danielle P. Ochoa, Sachiko Ohno, Sulaiman Olanrewaju Adebayo, Randall Osborne, Maria Giuseppina Pacilli, Jorge Palacio, Snigdha Patnaik, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, Pablo Pérez de León, Ivana Piterová, Juliana Barreiros Porto, Angelica Puzio, Joanna Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Erico Rentería Pérez, Emma Renström, Tiphaine Rousseaux, Michelle K. Ryan, Saba Safdar, Mario Sainz, Marco Salvati, Adil Samekin, Simon Schindler, A. Timur Sevincer, Masoumeh Seydi, Debra Shepherd, Sara Sherbaji, Toni Schmader, Cláudia Simão, Rosita Sobhie, Jurand Sobiecki, Lucille De Souza, Emma Sarter, Dijana Sulejmanović, Katie E. Sullivan, Mariko Tatsumi, Lucy Tavitian-Elmadjian, Suparna Jain Thakur, Quang Thi Mong Chi, Beatriz Torre, Ana Torres, Claudio V. Torres, Beril Türkoğlu, Joaquín Ungaretti, Timothy Valshtein, Colette Van Laar, Jolanda van der Noll, Vadym Vasiutynskyi, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Neharika Vohra, Marta Walentynowicz, Colleen Ward, Anna Włodarczyk, Yaping Yang, Vincent Yzerbyt, Valeska Zanello, Antonella Ludmila Zapata-Calvente, Magdalena Zawisza, Rita Žukauskienė, Magdalena Żadkowska, Kosakowska-Berezecka, N, Bosson, J, Jurek, P, Besta, T, Olech, M, Vandello, J, Bender, M, Dandy, J, Hoorens, V, Jasinskaja-Lahti, I, Mankowski, E, Venäläinen, S, Abuhamdeh, S, Agyemang, C, Akbaş, G, Albayrak-Aydemir, N, Ammirati, S, Anderson, J, Anjum, G, Ariyanto, A, Aruta, J, Ashraf, M, Bakaitytė, A, Becker, M, Bertolli, C, Bërxulli, D, Best, D, Bi, C, Block, K, Boehnke, M, Bongiorno, R, Bosak, J, Casini, A, Chen, Q, Chi, P, Cubela Adoric, V, Daalmans, S, de Lemus, S, Dhakal, S, Dvorianchikov, N, Egami, S, Etchezahar, E, Esteves, C, Froehlich, L, Garcia-Sanchez, E, Gavreliuc, A, Gavreliuc, D, Gomez, Á, Guizzo, F, Graf, S, Greijdanus, H, Grigoryan, A, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, J, Guerch, K, Gustafsson Sendén, M, Hale, M, Hämer, H, Hirai, M, Hoang Duc, L, Hřebíčková, M, Hutchings, P, Jensen, D, Karabati, S, Kelmendi, K, Kengyel, G, Khachatryan, N, Ghazzawi, R, Kinahan, M, Kirby, T, Kovacs, M, Kozlowski, D, Krivoshchekov, V, Kryś, K, Kulich, C, Kurosawa, T, Lac An, N, Labarthe-Carrara, J, Lauri, M, Latu, I, Lawal, A, Li, J, Lindner, J, Lindqvist, A, Maitner, A, Makarova, E, Makashvili, A, Malayeri, S, Malik, S, Mancini, T, Manzi, C, Mari, S, Martiny, S, Mayer, C, Mihić, V, Miloševićđorđević, J, Moreno-Bella, E, Moscatelli, S, Moynihan, A, Muller, D, Narhetali, E, Neto, F, Noels, K, Nyúl, B, O’Connor, E, Ochoa, D, Ohno, S, Olanrewaju Adebayo, S, Osborne, R, Pacilli, M, Palacio, J, Patnaik, S, Pavlopoulos, V, de León, P, Piterová, I, Porto, J, Puzio, A, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, J, Rentería Pérez, E, Renström, E, Rousseaux, T, Ryan, M, Safdar, S, Sainz, M, Salvati, M, Samekin, A, Schindler, S, Sevincer, A, Seydi, M, Shepherd, D, Sherbaji, S, Schmader, T, Simão, C, Sobhie, R, Sobiecki, J, De Souza, L, Sarter, E, Sulejmanović, D, Sullivan, K, Tatsumi, M, Tavitian-Elmadjian, L, Thakur, S, Thi Mong Chi, Q, Torre, B, Torres, A, Torres, C, Türkoğlu, B, Ungaretti, J, Valshtein, T, Van Laar, C, van der Noll, J, Vasiutynskyi, V, Vauclair, C, Vohra, N, Walentynowicz, M, Ward, C, Włodarczyk, A, Yang, Y, Yzerbyt, V, Zanello, V, Zapata-Calvente, A, Zawisza, M, Žukauskienė, R, Żadkowska, M, and Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa

Subjects
Binary sex differences, Social Psychology, binary sex difference, 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology, Self-views, communality, agency, self-views, binary sex differences, egalitarianism, gender equality, Communication and Media, communality, Gender equality, Communality, Clinical Psychology, Egalitarianism, Agency, self-view, agency, egalitarianism, binary sex differences, self-views, 150 Psychology, gender equality, M-PSI/05 - PSICOLOGIA SOCIALE
Abstract

Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries (N = 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in men’s self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI). We consider possible causes and implications of these findings., National Science Centre, Poland 2017/26/M/HS6/00360, United States Department of Health & Human Services, National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA, NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) RL5GM118963, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Spain RTI2018-093550-B-I00, Grant Agency of the Czech Republic 20-01214S, Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences RVO: 68081740, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC) ES/S00274X/1 MCIN/AEI PID2019-111549GB-I00, European Research Council (ERC) European Commission ERC-2016-COG 725128, Swedish Research Council Swedish Research Council for Health Working Life & Welfare (Forte) 2017-00414, University of Brasilia 04/2019

Published
2022

18. Introduction to a Culturally Sensitive Measure of Well-Being: Combining Life Satisfaction and Interdependent Happiness Across 49 Different Cultures

Author

Kuba Krys, Brian W. Haas, Eric Raymond Igou, Aleksandra Kosiarczyk, Agata Kocimska-Bortnowska, Anna Kwiatkowska, Vivian Miu-Chi Lun, Fridanna Maricchiolo, Joonha Park, Iva Poláčková Šolcová, David Sirlopú, Yukiko Uchida, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Vivian L. Vignoles, John M. Zelenski, Mladen Adamovic, Charity S. Akotia, Isabelle Albert, Lily Appoh, D. M. Arévalo Mira, Arno Baltin, Patrick Denoux, Alejandra Domínguez-Espinosa, Carla Sofia Esteves, Vladimer Gamsakhurdia, Márta Fülöp, Ragna B. Garðarsdóttir, Alin Gavreliuc, Diana Boer, David O. Igbokwe, İdil Işık, Natalia Kascakova, Lucie Klůzová Kráčmarová, Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka, Olga Kostoula, Nicole Kronberger, J. Hannah Lee, Xinhui Liu, Magdalena Łużniak-Piecha, Arina Malyonova, Pablo Eduardo Barrientos, Tamara Mohorić, Oriana Mosca, Elke Murdock, Nur Fariza Mustaffa, Martin Nader, Azar Nadi, Ayu Okvitawanli, Yvette van Osch, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, Zoran Pavlović, Muhammad Rizwan, Vladyslav Romashov, Espen Røysamb, Ruta Sargautyte, Beate Schwarz, Heyla A. Selim, Ursula Serdarevich, Maria Stogianni, Chien-Ru Sun, Julien Teyssier, Wijnand A. P. van Tilburg, Claudio Torres, Cai Xing, Michael Harris Bond, Department of Social Psychology, Department of Culture Studies, Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Krys, Kuba, Haas, Brian W., Igou, Eric Raymond, Kosiarczyk, Aleksandra, Kocimska-Bortnowska, Agata, Kwiatkowska, Anna, Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi, Maricchiolo, Fridanna, Park, Joonha, Šolcová, Iva Poláčková, Sirlopú, David, Uchida, Yukiko, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Vignoles, Vivian L., Zelenski, John M., Adamovic, Mladen, Akotia, Charity S., Albert, Isabelle, Appoh, Lily, Mira, D. M. Arévalo, Baltin, Arno, Denoux, Patrick, Domínguez-Espinosa, Alejandra, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer, Fülöp, Márta, Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B., Gavreliuc, Alin, Boer, Diana, Igbokwe, David O., Işık, İdil, Kascakova, Natalia, Klůzová Kráčmarová, Lucie, Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Kostoula, Olga, Kronberger, Nicole, Lee, J. Hannah, Liu, Xinhui, Łużniak-Piecha, Magdalena, Malyonova, Arina, Barrientos, Pablo Eduardo, Mohorić, Tamara, Mosca, Oriana, Murdock, Elke, Mustaffa, Nur Fariza, Nader, Martin, Nadi, Azar, Okvitawanli, Ayu, van Osch, Yvette, Pavlopoulos, Vassili, Pavlović, Zoran, Rizwan, Muhammad, Romashov, Vladyslav, Røysamb, Espen, Sargautyte, Ruta, Schwarz, Beate, Selim, Heyla A., Serdarevich, Ursula, Stogianni, Maria, Sun, Chien-Ru, Teyssier, Julien, van Tilburg, Wijnand A. P., Torres, Claudio, Xing, Cai, and Bond, Michael Harris

Subjects
cultural sensitivity, culture, happiness, interdependent happiness, life satisfaction, self-construals, selfhoods, well-being, Selfhoods, Culture, Happiness, Interdependent happiness, Well-being, Cultural sensitivity, Life satisfaction, Culture · Happiness, Well-being, Interdependent happiness, Life satisfaction, Cultural sensitivity, Selfhoods, Self-construals, Ciências Sociais::Outras Ciências Sociais [Domínio/Área Científica], Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], Self-construals, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract

How can one conclude that well-being is higher in country A than country B, when well-being is being measured according to the way people in country A think about well-being? We address this issue by proposing a new culturally sensitive method to comparing societal levels of well-being. We support our reasoning with data on life satisfaction and interdependent happiness focusing on individual and family, collected mostly from students, across forty-nine countries. We demonstrate that the relative idealization of the two types of well-being varies across cultural contexts and are associated with culturally different models of selfhood. Furthermore, we show that rankings of societal well-being based on life satisfaction tend to underestimate the contribution from interdependent happiness. We introduce a new culturally sensitive method for calculating societal well-being, and examine its construct validity by testing for associations with the experience of emotions and with individualism-collectivism. This new culturally sensitive approach represents a slight, yet important improvement in measuring well-being.

Published
2022

21. Is an Emphasis on Dignity, Honor and Face more an Attribute of Individuals or of Cultural Groups?

Author

Masaki Yuki, Matthew J. Easterbrook, Natsuki Ogusu, Ammar S. Abbas, Gisela Isabel Delfino, Olga G. Lopukhova, Yasin Koc, Heyla A. Selim, Vivian Miu-Chi Lun, Paola Eunice Diaz Rivera, Dana Gavreliuc, Rolando Díaz-Loving, Abd Halim Ahmad, Anna Hakobjanyan, Ping Hu, Doriana Tripodi, Phatthanakit Chobthamkit, Ceren Günsoy, Ahmed Jalil Al-Bayati, Bushra Hassan, Pelin Gul, Lorena R. Perez-Floriano, Peter B. Smith, Dona Papastylianou, Lusine Grigoryan, Catherine T. Kwantes, Diane Sunar, Susan E. Cross, Siugmin Lay, Trawin Chaleeraktrakoon, Vladimer Lado Gamsakhurdia, Cláudio Vaz Torres, Joel Anderson, Maria Efremova, Alin Gavreliuc, Maria Luisa Mendes Texeira, Yvette van Osch, Department of Social Psychology, and Social Psychology

Subjects
cultural logic, media_common.quotation_subject, Shame, Face (sociological concept), 050109 social psychology, Interpersonal communication, COMMUNICATION, 050105 experimental psychology, Dignity, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), dignity, ANGER, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, SHAME, PERSPECTIVE, cultural difference, Uncategorized, media_common, self-construal, 05 social sciences, Cultural group selection, Collectivism, face, COLLECTIVISM, SELF, NORMS, honour, Anthropology, Honor, Normative, IDENTITY, Psychology (miscellaneous), Psychology, Social psychology, WITHDRAWAL, RESPONSES
Abstract

© 2020 SAGE Publications. This study compares the individual-level and sample-level predictive utility of a measure of the cultural logics of dignity, honor, and face. University students in 29 samples from 24 nations used a simple measure to rate their perceptions of the interpersonal cultural logic characterizing their local culture. The nomological net of these measures was then explored. Key dependent measures included three different facets of independent versus interdependent self-construal, relevant attitudes and values, reported handling of actual interpersonal conflicts, and responses to normative settings. Multilevel analyses revealed both individual- and sample-level effects but the dignity measure showed more individual-level effects, whereas sample-level effects were relatively more important with the face measure. The implications of this contrast are discussed.

Published
2021

23. Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations

Author

John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, Dashamir Bërxulli, Tomasz Besta, Soline Ammirati, Ana Makashvili, Sandesh Dhakal, Mandy Boehnke, Emma C. O’Connor, Jennifer K. Bosson, Hedy Greijdanus, Janine Bosak, Serdar Karabati, Monika Kovacs, Emma A. Renström, Martina Hřebíčková, Neharika Vohra, Valeska Zanello, Ani Grigoryan, Vincent Yzerbyt, Marco Salvati, Eric S. Mankowski, Jorge Palacio, Joaquín Ungaretti, Collins Badu Agyemang, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, Sylvie Graf, Vadym Vasiutynskyi, Masoumeh Seydi, Dominique Muller, Junyi Li, Alin Gavreliuc, Adil Samekin, Antonella Ludmila Zapata-Calvente, Carla Sofia Esteves, Soledad de Lemus, Amarina Ariyanto, Nikolay Dvorianchikov, Angela T. Maitner, A. Timur Sevincer, Maja Becker, Justine Dandy, Tiphaine Rousseaux, Simon Schindler, Tiziana Mancini, Sachiko Ohno, Serena Daalmans, Desirée Kozlowski, Francesca Guizzo, Rosita Sobhie, Nhan Thi Lac An, Claudia Manzi, Sami Abuhamdeh, Chongzeng Bi, Mary Anne Lauri, Juliana Barreiros Porto, Erico Rentería Pérez, Sonoko Egami, Gabriella Kengyel, Hannah Hämer, Vladimir Mihić, Rawan Ghazzawi, Jasna Milošević Đorđević, Katie E. Sullivan, Mariko Tatsumi, Sadia Malik, Quang Thi Mong Chi, Sarah E. Martiny, Sara Sherbaji, Michael Bender, Narine Khachatryan, Lucy R. Tavitian-Elmadjian, Katharina Block, Miriam-Linnea Hale, Deborah L. Best, Andrew B. Moynihan, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Mika Hirai, Sulaiman Olanrewaju Adebayo, Abiodun Musbau Lawal, Qingwei Chen, Marta Walentynowicz, Annalisa Casini, Dorthe Høj Jensen, Cláudio Vaz Torres, Aistė Bakaitytė, Edgardo Etchezahar, Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka, Mujeeba Ashraf, Magdalena Zawisza, Paweł Jurek, Anna Lindqvist, Silvia Mari, Joanna Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Shera Malayeri, Peilian Chi, Toni Schmader, Danielle P. Ochoa, Michał Olech, Pablo Perez de Leon, Teri A. Kirby, Ana Raquel Rosas Torres, Lucille De Souza, Kimberly A. Noels, Erita Narhetali, Saba Safdar, Chiara Bertolli, Vera Cubela Adoric, Emma Sarter, Mary Kinahan, Angelica Puzio, Beril Türkoğlu, Laura Froehlich, Clara Kulich, Jolanda van der Noll, Dijana Sulejmanović, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Jana Lindner, Timothy Jacob Valshtein, Mario Sainz, Randall E. Osborne, Colleen Ward, Tai Kurosawa, Snigdha Patnaik, Rita Žukauskienė, Paul B. Hutchings, Suparna Jain Thakur, Javier Labarthe, Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti, Anna Wlodarczyk, Boglárka Nyúl, Kaltrina Kelmendi, Claude-Hélène Mayer, Colette van Laar, Michelle K. Ryan, Beatriz Torre, Debra Shepherd, Yaping Yang, Félix Neto, Keltouma Guerch, Maria Giuseppina Pacilli, Gulnaz Anjum, Neto Felix, Vladislav Krivoshchekov, Marie Gustafsson Sendén, Efraín García-Sánchez, Joel Anderson, Lam Hoang Duc, Satu Venäläinen, Elena Makarova, Cláudia Simão, Joseph A. Vandello, Joanna Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Dana Gavreliuc, Ioana M Latu, Silvia Moscatelli, Gülçin Akbaş, Magdalena Żadkowska, Renata Bongiorno, Eva Moreno-Bella, Vera Hoorens, Ángel Gómez, Ivana Piterová, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bosson, J, Jurek, P, Vandello, J, Kosakowska-Berezecka, N, Olech, M, Besta, T, Bender, M, Hoorens, V, Becker, M, Timur Sevincer, A, Best, D, Safdar, S, Wlodarczyk, A, Zawisza, M, Zadkowska, M, Abuhamdeh, S, Badu Agyemang, C, Akbas, G, Albayrak-Aydemir, N, Ammirati, S, Anderson, J, Anjum, G, Ariyanto, A, Jamir Benzon, R, Ashraf, M, Bakaityte, A, Bertolli, C, Berxulli, D, Bi, C, Block, K, Boehnke, M, Bongiorno, R, Bosak, J, Casini, A, Chen, Q, Chi, P, Cubela Adoric, V, Daalmans, S, Dandy, J, Lemus, S, Dhakal, S, Dvorianchikov, N, Egami, S, Etchezahar, E, Sofia Esteves, C, Felix, N, Froehlich, L, Garcia-Sanchez, E, Gavreliuc, A, Gavreliuc, D, Gomez, A, Guizzo, F, Graf, S, Greijdanus, H, Grigoryan, A, Grzymala-Moszczynska, J, Guerch, K, Gustafsson Senden, M, Hale, M, Hamer, H, Hirai, M, Hoang Duc, L, Hrebickova, M, Hutchings, P, Hoj Jensen, D, Jasinskaja-Lahti, I, Karabati, S, Kelmendi, K, Kengyel, G, Khachatryan, N, Ghazzawi, R, Kinahan, M, Kirby, T, Kovacs, M, Kozlowski, D, Krivoshchekov, V, Kulich, C, Kurosawa, T, Thi Lac An, N, Labarthe, J, Latu, I, Anne Lauri, M, Mankowski, E, Musbau Lawal, A, Li, J, Lindner, J, Lindqvist, A, Maitner, A, Makarova, E, Makashvili, A, Malayeri, S, Malik, S, Mancini, T, Manzi, C, Mari, S, Martiny, S, Mayer, C, Mihic, V, Milosevic Dordevic, J, Moreno-Bella, E, Moscatelli, S, Bryan Moynihan, A, Muller, D, Narhetali, E, Neto, F, Noels, K, Nyul, B, O'Connor, E, Ochoa, D, Ohno, S, Olanrewaju Adebayo, S, Osborne, R, Giuseppina Pacilli, M, Palacio, J, Patnaik, S, Pavlopoulos, V, Perez de Leon, P, Piterova, I, Barreiros Porto, J, Puzio, A, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, J, Renteria Perez, E, Renstrom, E, Rousseaux, T, Ryan, M, Sainz, M, Salvati, M, Samekin, A, Schindler, S, Seydi, M, Shepherd, D, Sherbaji, S, Schmader, T, Simao, C, Sobhie, R, Souza, L, Sarter, E, Sulejmanovic, D, Sullivan, K, Tatsumi, M, Tavitian-Elmadjian, L, Jain Thakur, S, Thi Mong Chi, Q, Torre, B, Torres, A, Torres, C, Turkoglu, B, Ungaretti, J, Valshtein, T, Van Laar, C, van der Noll, J, Vasiutynskyi, V, Vauclair, C, Venalainen, S, Vohra, N, Walentynowicz, M, Ward, C, Yang, Y, Yzerbyt, V, Zanello, V, Ludmila Zapata-Calvente, A, Zukauskiene, R, UCL - SSH/IPSY - Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Social Psychology, Research programme OB, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Bosson J.K., Jurek P., Vandello J.A., Kosakowska-Berezecka N., Olech M., Besta T., Bender M., Hoorens V., Becker M., Timur Sevincer A., Best D.L., Safdar S., Wlodarczyk A., Zawisza M., Zadkowska M., Abuhamdeh S., Badu Agyemang C., Akbas G., Albayrak-Aydemir N., Ammirati S., Anderson J., Anjum G., Ariyanto A., Jamir Benzon R. Aruta J., Ashraf M., Bakaityte A., Bertolli C., Berxulli D., Bi C., Block K., Boehnke M., Bongiorno R., Bosak J., Casini A., Chen Q., Chi P., Cubela Adoric V., Daalmans S., Dandy J., Lemus S.D., Dhakal S., Dvorianchikov N., Egami S., Etchezahar E., Sofia Esteves C., Felix N., Froehlich L., Garcia-Sanchez E., Gavreliuc A., Gavreliuc D., Gomez A., Guizzo F., Graf S., Greijdanus H., Grigoryan A., Grzymala-Moszczynska J., Guerch K., Gustafsson Senden M., Hale M.-L., Hamer H., Hirai M., Hoang Duc L., Hrebickova M., Hutchings P.B., Hoj Jensen D., Jasinskaja-Lahti I., Karabati S., Kelmendi K., Kengyel G., Khachatryan N., Ghazzawi R., Kinahan M., Kirby T.A., Kovacs M., Kozlowski D., Krivoshchekov V., Kulich C., Kurosawa T., Thi Lac An N., Labarthe J., Latu I., Anne Lauri M., Mankowski E., Musbau Lawal A., Li J., Lindner J., Lindqvist A., Maitner A.T., Makarova E., Makashvili A., Malayeri S., Malik S., Mancini T., Manzi C., Mari S., Martiny S.E., Mayer C.-H., Mihic V., Milosevic Dordevic J., Moreno-Bella E., Moscatelli S., Bryan Moynihan A., Muller D., Narhetali E., Neto F., Noels K.A., Nyul B., O'Connor E.C., Ochoa D.P., Ohno S., Olanrewaju Adebayo S., Osborne R., Giuseppina Pacilli M., Palacio J., Patnaik S., Pavlopoulos V., Perez de Leon P., Piterova I., Barreiros Porto J., Puzio A., Pyrkosz-Pacyna J., Renteria Perez E., Renstrom E., Rousseaux T., Ryan M.K., Sainz M., Salvati M., Samekin A., Schindler S., Seydi M., Shepherd D., Sherbaji S., Schmader T., Simao C., Sobhie R., Souza L.D., Sarter E., Sulejmanovic D., Sullivan K.E., Tatsumi M., Tavitian-Elmadjian L., Jain Thakur S., Thi Mong Chi Q., Torre B., Torres A., Torres C.V., Turkoglu B., Ungaretti J., Valshtein T., Van Laar C., van der Noll J., Vasiutynskyi V., Vauclair C.-M., Venalainen S., Vohra N., Walentynowicz M., Ward C., Yang Y., Yzerbyt V., Zanello V., Ludmila Zapata-Calvente A., Zukauskiene R., and Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Ciências Sociais::Sociologia [Domínio/Área Científica], Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology, Social Sciences, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 050109 social psychology, Ambivalence, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], Psychology, Social, Precarious manhood beliefs, 050105 experimental psychology, ddc:150, Psychometric isomorphism, precarious manhood beliefs, ambivalent sexism, ambivalence toward men, Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Meaning (existential), media_common, Isomorphism (sociology), Ciências Sociais::Antropologia [Domínio/Área Científica], precarious manhood belief, 4. Education, 05 social sciences, psychometric isomorphism, precarious manhood beliefs, ambivalent sexism, ambivalence toward men, 16. Peace & justice, Ambivalence toward men, Human development (humanity), Settore M-PSI/05 - PSICOLOGIA SOCIALE, 3. Good health, Communication and Media, Ambivalent sexism, Scale (social sciences), Anthropology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Ideology, 150 Psychology, Social psychology, Social status
Abstract

The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was funded by a Grant from the National Science Centre in Poland (Grant Number: 2017/26/M/HS6/00360) awarded to Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka. Data collection by the following researchers was supported by Grants as follows: Emma C. O'Connor (Grant RL5GM118963 from National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health; Angel Gomez (Grant RTI2018-093550-B-I00 from the Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Spain); Sylvie Graf and Martina Hrebickova (Grant 20-01214S from the Czech Science Foundation, and Grant RVO: 68081740 from the Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences); Teri A. Kirby (Grant ES/S00274X/1 from the Economic and Social Research Council); Soledad de Lemus (Grant PSI2016-79971-P from Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the excellence); Michelle K. Ryan and Renata Bongiorno (Grant ERC-2016-COG 725128 from the European Research Council awarded to Michelle K. Ryan); Marie Gustafsson Senden, Anna Lindqvist and Emma Renstrom (Grant 2017-00414 from the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life, and Welfare); Claudio V. Torres (Grant DPI/DIRPE n. 04/2019 from the University of Brasilia)., This study was preregistered in Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/u9xfg/., Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Whereas qualitative and ethnographic data suggest that many cultures conceptualize manhood as precarious, quantitative research has yet to demonstrate the cross-cultural consistency of precarious manhood beliefs. Here, we examined the psychometric isomorphism, or measurement invariance, of a brief precarious manhood beliefs scale (the PMB). Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N=33,417), we examined: (1) the isomorphism of the PMB across individual and country levels; (2) the PMB’s distinctness from, and associations with, other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies (e.g., ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; Glick & Fiske, 1996, 1999); and (3) associations of the PMB with country-level indices of gender equality (the GGGI; World Economic Forum, 2019) and human development (the HDI; United Nations Development Programme, 2019). Findings indicate that the PMB is a psychometrically valid and isomorphic index of beliefs about the male gender role that accounts for unique variance in country-level gender equality and human development., National Science Center, Poland 2017/26/M/HS6/00360, United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) RL5GM118963, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Spain RTI2018-093550-B-I00, Grant Agency of the Czech Republic 20-01214S, Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences RVO: 68081740, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC) ES/S00274X/1, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness PSI2016-79971-P, European Research Council (ERC) European Commission ERC-2016-COG 725128, Swedish Research Council Swedish Research Council for Health Working Life & Welfare (Forte) 2017-00414, University of Brasilia 04/2019

Published
2021
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25. Country-level and individual-level predictors of men's support for gender equality in 42 countries

Author

Eva Moreno-Bella, Alin Gavreliuc, Dashamir Bërxulli, Ani Grigoryan, Andrew B. Moynihan, Sulaiman Olanrewaju Adebayo, Paul B. Hutchings, Miriam-Linnea Hale, Edgardo Etchezahar, Marco Salvati, Mary Kinahan, Jorge Palacio, Ángel Gómez, Sara Sherbaji, Chongzeng Bi, Ana Makashvili, Angelica Puzio, Dana Gavreliuc, Dijana Sulejmanović, Colette van Laar, Magdalena Zawisza, Katie E. Sullivan, Hedy Greijdanus, Jennifer K. Bosson, Soledad de Lemus, Vera Hoorens, Sarah E. Martiny, Joanna Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Silvia Moscatelli, Gülçin Akbaş, John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, Janine Bosak, Desirée Kozlowski, Magdalena Żadkowska, Joel Anderson, Antonella Ludmila Zapata-Calvente, Tiphaine Rousseaux, Rita Žukauskienė, Nikolay Dvorianchikov, Maja Becker, Jolanda van der Noll, Collins Badu Agyemang, Angela T. Maitner, Ivana Piterová, Junyi Li, Rosita Sobhie, Danielle P. Ochoa, Mary Anne Lauri, Adil Samekin, Paweł Jurek, Serena Daalmans, Anna Wlodarczyk, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, Beatriz Torre, Narine Khachatryan, Dorthe Høj Jensen, Saba Safdar, Jasna Milošević Đorđević, Cláudio Vaz Torres, Aistė Bakaitytė, Kaltrina Kelmendi, Deborah L. Best, Neharika Vohra, Soline Ammirati, Laura Froehlich, Tomasz Besta, Vadym Vasiutynskyi, Tiziana Mancini, Timothy Jacob Valshtein, Mario Sainz, Joaquín Ungaretti, Michael Bender, Joesph A. Vandello, Efraín García-Sánchez, Erico Rentería-Pérez, Gulnaz Anjum, Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka, Mujeeba Ashraf, Simon Schindler, Justine Dandy, Snigdha Patnaik, Maria Giuseppina Pacilli, Jurand Sobiecki, Hannah Hämer, Dominique Muller, University of Gdańsk (UG), University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Wake Forest University, Universidad Católica del Norte [Antofagasta], University of Guelph, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), University of Ghana, Atilim University, Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie : Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP-PC2S), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Australian Catholic University (ACU), Institute of Business Administration, De La Salle University [Manila] (DLSU), University of the Punjab, Mykolas Romeris University, Southwest University [Chongqing], Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Tilburg University [Netherlands], University of Prishtina, Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU), Radboud university [Nijmegen], Edith Cowan University (ECU), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), University of Granada [Granada], Moscow State Open University (MSOU), University of Buenos Aires [Argentina], FernUniversität in Hagen, West University of Timișoara [Roumanie] (WUT), Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), University of Groningen [Groningen], Yerevan State University, University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg], University of Brasilia [Brazil] (UnB), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Wales Trinity Saint David (UWTSD), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Technological University [Dublin] (TU), Southern Cross University (SCU), University of Malta [Malta], Sichuan Normal University (SNU), American University of Sharjah, Ilia State University [Tbilisi], University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), University of Bologna, University of Limerick (UL), University of the Philippines Diliman (UP Diliman), Ekiti State University, University of Perugia, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Cracow University of Technology, University of Valle, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], S.Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, University of Kassel, Anton de Kom Universiteit van Suriname - Anton de Kom University of Suriname [Paramaribo] (UVS), University of Bihac, Bosnia, University of the Philippines (UP System), Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIM Ahmedabad), Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kosakowska-Berezecka N., Besta T., Bosson J.K., Jurek P., Vandello J.A., Best D.L., Wlodarczyk A., Safdar S., Zawisza M., Zadkowska M., Sobiecki J., Agyemang C.B., Akbas G., Ammirati S., Anderson J., Anjum G., Aruta J.J.B.R., Ashraf M., Bakaityte A., Bi C., Becker M., Bender M., Berxulli D., Bosak J., Daalmans S., Dandy J., de Lemus S., Dvorianchikov N., Etchezahar E., Froehlich L., Gavreliuc A., Gavreliuc D., Gomez A., Greijdanus H., Grigoryan A., Hale M.-L., Hamer H., Hoorens V., Hutchings P.B., Jensen D.H., Kelmendi K., Khachatryan N., Kinahan M., Kozlowski D., Lauri M.A., Li J., Maitner A.T., Makashvili A., Mancini T., Martiny S.E., Dordevic J.M., Moreno-Bella E., Moscatelli S., Bryan Moynihan A., Muller D., Ochoa D., Adebayo S.O., Pacilli M.G., Palacio J., Patnaik S., Pavlopoulos V., Piterova I., Puzio A., Pyrkosz-Pacyna J., Renteria-Perez E., Rousseaux T., Sainz M., Salvati M., Samekin A., Garcia-Sanchez E., Schindler S., Sherbaji S., Sobhie R., Sulejmanovic D., Sullivan K.E., Torre B., Torres C.V., Ungaretti J., Valshtein T., Van Laar C., van der Noll J., Vasiutynskyi V., Vohra N., Zapata-Calvente A.L., Zukauskiene R., Social Psychology, and Department of Social Psychology

Subjects
Mediation (statistics), collective action, ally behaviour, culture, gender inequality, hostile sexism, status threats, Social Psychology, DIFFERENTIATING HOSTILE, INVENTORY, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 050109 social psychology, Collective action, 050105 experimental psychology, 5. Gender equality, Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Measurement invariance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 05 social sciences, Multilevel model, WOMEN, 16. Peace & justice, Moderation, Mental health, SELF, Communication and Media, Test (assessment), Ambivalent sexism, MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE, DISCRIMINATION, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, POLITICAL SOLIDARITY, AMBIVALENT SEXISM, Social psychology, MENTAL-HEALTH
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 219925.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Men sometimes withdraw support for gender equality movements when their higher gender status is threatened. Here, we expand the focus of this phenomenon by examining it cross-culturally, to test if both individual- and country-level variables predict men's collective action intentions to support gender equality. We tested a model in which men's zero-sum beliefs about gender predict reduced collective action intentions via an increase in hostile sexism. Because country-level gender equality may threaten men's higher gender status, we also examined whether the path from zero-sum beliefs to collective action intentions was stronger in countries higher in gender equality. Multilevel modeling on 6,781 men from 42 countries supported the individual-level mediation model, but found no evidence of moderation by country-level gender equality. Both country-level gender equality and individual-level zero-sum thinking independently predicted reductions in men's willingness to act collectively for gender equality. 16 p.

Published
2020

26. Sex Differences in Self-Construal and in Depressive Symptoms: Predictors of Cross-National Variation

Author

Masaki Yuki, Gisela Isabel Delfino, Maria Efremova, Alin Gavreliuc, Joel Anderson, Catherine T. Kwantes, Ahmed Jalil Al-Bayati, Matthew J. Easterbrook, Dana Gavreliuc, Vladimer Lado Gamsakhurdia, Cláudio Vaz Torres, Lorena Perez Floriano, Bushra Hassan, Anna Hakobjanyan, Paola Eunice Diaz Rivera, Natsuki Ogusu, Diane Sunar, Ping Hu, Pelin Gul, Susan E. Cross, Dona Papastylianou, Siugmin Lay, Lusine Grigoryan, Doriana Tripodi, Abd Halim Ahmad, Trawin Chaleeraktrakoon, Yvette van Osch, Olga G. Lopukhova, Heyla al-Selim, Yasin Koc, Peter B. Smith, Maria Luisa Mendes Texeira, Phatthanakit Chobthamkit, Ceren Günsoy, Ammar S. Abbas, Vivian Miu-Chi Lun, Rolando Díaz-Loving, Social Psychology, and Department of Social Psychology

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Social Psychology, AUTOCONCEPTO, media_common.quotation_subject, PERSONALIDAD, 050109 social psychology, DEPRESION, 050105 experimental psychology, Religiosity, Personality, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Human Development Index, Social identity theory, CONTEXTO CULTURAL, gender equality, Uncategorized, media_common, self-construal, 05 social sciences, Multilevel model, Perspective (graphical), GENERO, independence versus interdependence, religiosity, Variation (linguistics), gender differences, Anthropology, Optimal distinctiveness theory, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Fil: Smith, Peter B. University of Sussex. School of Psychology; Reino Unido Fil: Easterbrook, Matthew J. University of Sussex. School of Psychology; Reino Unido Fil: Al-Selim, Heyla. King Saud University. Department of Psychology; Arabia Saudí Fil: Lun, Vivian Miu Chi. Lingnan University. Department of Applied Psychology; Hong Kong Fil: Koc, Yasin. Groningen University. Department of Social Psychology; Países Bajos Fil: Gul, Pelin. Iowa State University. Department of Psychology; Estados Unidos Fil: Papastylianou, Dona. University of Athens. Department of Psychology; Grecia Fil: Grigoryan, Lusine. Ruhr University. Faculty of Psychology; Alemania Fil: Torres, Claudio. University of Brasilia. Institute of Psychology; Brasil Fil: Efremova, Maria. HSE Universit. Centre for Sociocultural Research; Rusia Fil: Hassan, Bushra. International Islamic University. Department of Psychology; Pakistan Fil: Ahmad, Abd Halim. Universiti Utara Malaysia. Department of Psychology; Malasia Fil: Al-Bayati, Ahmed. Lawrence Technological University. Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering; Estados Unidos Fil: Anderson, Joel. Australian Catholic University and La Trobe University. School of Health and Behavioural Science; Australia Fil: Cross, Susan E. Iowa State University. Department of Psychology; Estados Unidos Fil: Delfino, Gisela. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía; Argentina Fil: Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer. Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. Department of Psychological Anthropology; Georgia Fil: Gavreliuc, Alin. West University of Timisoara. Department of Psychology; Rumania Fil: Gavreliuc, Dana. West University of Timisoara. Department of Teacher Training; Rumania Fil: Gunsoy, Ceren. Clemson University. College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences; Estados Unidos Fil: Hakobjanyan, Anna. Yerevan State University. Faculty of Philosophy and Psychology; Armenia Fil: Lay, Siugmin. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Psicología; Chile Fil: Lopukhova, Olga. Kazan Federal University. Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology; Rusia Fil: Hu, Ping. Renmin University. Department of Psychology; China Fil: Sunar, Diane. Istanbul Bilgi University. Department of Psychology; Turkey Fil: Mendes Texeira, Maria Luisa. Mackenzie University. Department of Postgraduate Business Administration; Brasil Fil: Tripodi, Doriana. Gioia Tauro. Private practice; Italy Fil: Diaz Rivera, Paola Eunice. Universidad Autónoma de México. Facultad de Psicología; México Fil: Van Osch, Yvette. Tilburg University. Department of Social Psychology; Países Bajos Fil: Yuki, Masaki. Hokkaido University. Department of Behavioral Science; Japón Fil: Abbas, Ammar. University of Baghdad. Department of Chemical Engineering; Irak Fil: Ogusu, Natsuki. Hokkaido University. Department of Behavioral Science; Japón Fil: Kwantes, Catherine T. University of Windsor. Department of Psychology; Canadá Fil: Díaz Loving, Rolando. Universidad Autónoma de México. Facultad de Psicología; México Fil: Perez-Floriano, Lorena. Universidad Diego Portales. Escuela de Psicología; Chile Fil: Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin. Thammasat University. Department of Psychology; Tailandia Fil: Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit. University of Kent. School of Psychology; Reino Unido Abstract: Sex differences in aspects of independent versus interdependent self-construal and depressive symptoms were surveyed among 5,320 students from 24 nations. Men were found to perceive themselves as more self-contained whereas women perceived themselves as more connected to others. No significant sex differences were found on two further dimensions of self-construal, or on a measure of depressive symptoms. Multilevel modelling was used to test the ability of a series of predictors derived from a social identity perspective and from evolutionary theory to moderate sex differences. Contrary to most prior studies of personality, sex differences in self-construal were larger in samples from nations scoring lower on the Gender Gap Index, and the Human Development Index. Sex differences were also greater in nations with higher pathogen prevalence, higher self-reported religiosity, and in nations with high reported avoidance of settings with strong norms. The findings are discussed in terms of the interrelatedness of self-construals and the cultural contexts in which they are elicited and the distinctiveness of student samples.

Published
2020

27. Personal life satisfaction as a measure of societal happiness is an individualistic presumption: evidence from fifty countries

Author

Heyla A. Selim, Alin Gavreliuc, Azar Nadi, Vladyslav Romashov, Diana Hanke-Boer, Michael Harris Bond, Julien Teyssier, Vladimer Lado Gamsakhurdia, Nicole Kronberger, Cláudio Vaz Torres, Pablo Barrientos, Lucie Klůzová Kračmárová, Brian W. Haas, John M. Zelenski, Arno Baltin, Fridanna Maricchiolo, Ragna B. Garðarsdóttir, Beate Schwarz, Patrick Denoux, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Mladen Adamovic, Carla Sofia Esteves, Zoran Pavlović, Márta Fülöp, Xinhui Liu, Aleksandra Kosiarczyk, Iva Poláčková Šolcová, Tamara Mohorić, Joonha Park, İdil Işık, Espen Røysamb, Martín Nader, Salome Charkviani, D.O. Igbokwe, Yukiko Uchida, Ursula Serdarevich, Natália Kaščáková, Cai Xing, Agnieszka Wojtczuk-Turek, Kuba Krys, Mustaffa Nur Fariza, Stanislava Stoyanova, Ruta Sargautyte, Muhammad Rizwan, Wijnand A.P. van Tilburg, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, Vivian Miu-Chi Lun, Lily Appoh, Isabelle Albert, David Sirlopú, Eric Raymond Igou, Agata Kocimska-Zych, Oriana Mosca, Ayu Okvitawanli, Anna Kwiatkowska, Arina Malyonova, Yvette van Osch, Vivian L. Vignoles, Alejandra Domínguez-Espinosa, J. Hannah Lee, Colin A. Capaldi, Arévalo D. M. Mira, Chien-Ru Sun, Charity S. Akotia, Krys, K., Park, J., Kocimska-Zych, A., Kosiarczyk, A., Selim, H. A., Wojtczuk-Turek, A., Haas, B. W., Uchida, Y., Torres, C., Capaldi, C. A., Bond, M. H., Zelenski, J. M., Lun, V. M. -C., Maricchiolo, F., Vauclair, C. -M., Polackova Solcova, I., Sirlopu, D., Xing, C., Vignoles, V. L., van Tilburg, W. A. P., Teyssier, J., Sun, C. -R., Stoyanova, S., Serdarevich, U., Schwarz, B., Sargautyte, R., Roysamb, E., Romashov, V., Rizwan, M., Pavlovic, Z., Pavlopoulos, V., van Osch, Y., Okvitawanli, A., Nadi, A., Nader, M., Nur Fariza, M., Mosca, O., Mohoric, T., Barrientos, P. E., Malyonova, A., Liu, X., Lee, J. H., Kwiatkowska, A., Kronberger, N., Kluzova Kracmarova, L., Kascakova, N., Isik, I., Igou, E. R., Igbokwe, D. O., Hanke-Boer, D., Gavreliuc, A., Gardarsdottir, R. B., Fulop, M., Gamsakhurdia, V., Esteves, C. S., Dominguez-Espinosa, A., Denoux, P., Charkviani, S., Baltin, A., Mira, A. D. M., Appoh, L., Albert, I., Akotia, C. S., Adamovic, M., Polish National Science Centre, Japan Society, Department of Social Psychology, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, Iva Poláčková Šolcová, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Eric R. Igou, Isabelle Albert, Yukiko Uchida, J. Hannah Lee, Alin I. Gavreliuc, Ayu Okvitawanli, Ragna B Gardarsdottir, David Sirlopu, Aleksandra Kosiarczyk, Vivian Lun, Joonha Park, Kuba Krys, Espen Roysamb, C. Sofia Esteves, Beate Schwarz, David Sirlopú, Colin Capaldi, Anna Kwiatkowska, Арина Юрьевна Маленова, Cai Xing, Tamara Mohoric, Oriana Mosca, Lucie Kluzova Kracmarova, Vivian Vignoles, Nicole Kronberger, Heyla Selim, Zoran Pavlović, and Stanislava Stoyanova

Subjects
Family happine, Collectivism, Culture, Family happiness, Individualism, Interdependent happiness, Life satisfaction, Self-construals, Well-being, media_common.quotation_subject, Happiness, Personal life, 050109 social psychology, Ciências Sociais::Outras Ciências Sociais [Domínio/Área Científica], 158: Angewandte Psychologie, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], 050105 experimental psychology, CULTURE, PSYCHOLOGY, Selfconstruals, Interdependent happine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Cross-cultural comparison, media_common, 05 social sciences, Cross-cultural studies, SELF, EMOTIONS, Positive psychology, Samfunnsvitenskap: 200::Psykologi: 260 [VDP], Self-construal, Psychology, Social psychology, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch), Numerous studies document that societal happiness is correlated with individualism, but the nature of this phenomenon remains understudied. In the current paper, we address this gap and test the reasoning that individualism correlates with societal happiness because the most common measure of societal happiness (i.e., country-level aggregates of personal life satisfaction) is individualism-themed. With the data collected from 13,009 participants across fifty countries, we compare associations of four types of happiness (out of which three are more collectivism-themed than personal life satisfaction) with two different measures of individualism. We replicated previous findings by demonstrating that societal happiness measured as country-level aggregate of personal life satisfaction is correlated with individualism. Importantly though, we also found that the country-level aggregates of the collectivism-themed measures of happiness do not tend to be significantly correlated with individualism. Implications for happiness studies and for policy makers are signaled.

Published
2021

28. To Steal or Not to Steal: Self-Discrepancies as a Way to Promote Pro-social Behavior: The Moderating Role of Self-Interest

Author

Alin Gavreliuc, Dana Gavreliuc, and Alin Semenescu

Subjects
General Psychology
Abstract

Previous research showed that acting immorally on one occasion can determine a greater availability for pro-social behavior on a subsequent occasion. Nevertheless, moderating factors for this effect, such as financial interest remained largely unexplored. The present field experiment (N = 587) was organized in an urban setting, in a post-communist society (Romania), in a context of public anonymity and examined passersby’s pro-social behavior on two consecutive occasions. The procedure involved a confederate “losing” a banknote of different values (1, 10, 50, 100, or 500 RON), which invited passersby’s pro-social behavior to return it (or not). Participants who decided to steal the banknote were approached by a second confederate and asked politely to return the banknote. Our research was articulated mainly as a quantitative approach by measuring participants’ pro-social behavior toward the person who lost the banknote, their subsequent pro-social behavior toward the confederate who exposed their behavior and the number of words they produced during a post-experimental interview in which they could justify their behavior. At the same time, we also performed a qualitative approach, through which we explored the themes evoked in their justifications and their relation with their previous behavior. Results indicate a moderating effect of economic interest on pro-social behavior toward the confederate who lost the banknote, as well as on their subsequent pro-social behavior toward the second confederate. Participants who stole the banknote also used significantly more words to justify their behavior, and this tendency could be observed especially in the case for higher values of the banknote. Results are critically discussed in a context dominated by an inherited pattern of distrust and social cynicism.

Published
2021

30. Societal emotional environments and cross-cultural differences in life satisfaction: A forty-nine country study

Author

Krys, K. Yeung, J.C. Capaldi, C.A. Lun, V.M.-C. Torres, C. van Tilburg, W.A.P. Bond, M.H. Zelenski, J.M. Haas, B.W. Park, J. Maricchiolo, F. Vauclair, C.-M. Kosiarczyk, A. Kocimska-Zych, A. Kwiatkowska, A. Adamovic, M. Pavlopoulos, V. Fülöp, M. Sirlopu, D. Okvitawanli, A. Boer, D. Teyssier, J. Malyonova, A. Gavreliuc, A. Uchida, Y. Serdarevich, U. Akotia, C. Appoh, L. Arévalo Mira, D.M. Baltin, A. Denoux, P. Dominguez-Espinosa, A. Esteves, C.S. Gamsakhurdia, V. Garðarsdóttir, R.B. Igbokwe, D.O. Igou, E.R. Işık, İ. Kascakova, N. Klůzová Kračmárová, L. Kronberger, N. Lee, J.H. Liu, X. Barrientos, P.E. Mohorić, T. Mustaffa, N.F. Mosca, O. Nader, M. Nadi, A. van Osch, Y. Pavlović, Z. Poláčková Šolcová, I. Rizwan, M. Romashov, V. Røysamb, E. Sargautyte, R. Schwarz, B. Selecká, L. Selim, H.A. Stogianni, M. Sun, C.-R. Xing, C. Vignoles, V.L.

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce the concept of ‘societal emotional environment’: the emotional climate of a society (operationalized as the degree to which positive and negative emotions are expressed in a society). Using data collected from 12,888 participants across 49 countries, we show how societal emotional environments vary across countries and cultural clusters, and we consider the potential importance of these differences for well-being. Multilevel analyses supported a ‘double-edged sword’ model of negative emotion expression, where expression of negative emotions predicted higher life satisfaction for the expresser but lower life satisfaction for society. In contrast, partial support was found for higher societal life satisfaction in positive societal emotional environments. Our study highlights the potential utility and importance of distinguishing between positive and negative emotion expression, and adopting both individual and societal perspectives in well-being research. Individual pathways to happiness may not necessarily promote the happiness of others. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Published
2022

32. Social Cognitions and Cultural Dimensions in the Romanian Educational Field

Author

Dana Gavreliuc and Alin Gavreliuc

Subjects
education, Romanian, Field (Bourdieu), Cognition, Hofstede’s model, intergenerational comparison, language.human_language, lcsh:LB5-3640, lcsh:Theory and practice of education, personal autonomy, social axioms, language, Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, Psychology, lcsh:L, Social psychology, lcsh:Education
Abstract

The aim of this study, conducted on a sample of 522 subjects, was to explore the main profiles of subjects, in terms of cultural dimensions and personal autonomy patterns, belonging to the Romanian educational environment, evidencing the role of cultural factors in generating a problematic profile (deficient personal autonomy, expressed by low self-determination, low self-esteem and externalist attributional patterns), regardless of the generational or organizational (pre-university vs. university) characteristics of the subjects. The intergenerational analysis carried out shows the highest level of autocratic opening (i.e. power distance) and duplicitous pattern (i.e. social cynicism) for the young generation, in comparison with the older ones. The paper also discusses the implications of these profiles for assessing the modernization process in the Romanian educational environment.

Published
2018

33. Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations

Author

Bosson, J.K. Jurek, P. Vandello, J.A. Kosakowska-Berezecka, N. Olech, M. Besta, T. Bender, M. Hoorens, V. Becker, M. Timur Sevincer, A. Best, D.L. Safdar, S. Włodarczyk, A. Zawisza, M. Żadkowska, M. Abuhamdeh, S. Badu Agyemang, C. Akbaş, G. Albayrak-Aydemir, N. Ammirati, S. Anderson, J. Anjum, G. Ariyanto, A. Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, J. Ashraf, M. Bakaitytė, A. Bertolli, C. Bërxulli, D. Bi, C. Block, K. Boehnke, M. Bongiorno, R. Bosak, J. Casini, A. Chen, Q. Chi, P. Cubela Adoric, V. Daalmans, S. Dandy, J. Lemus, S.D. Dhakal, S. Dvorianchikov, N. Egami, S. Etchezahar, E. Sofia Esteves, C. Felix, N. Froehlich, L. Garcia-Sanchez, E. Gavreliuc, A. Gavreliuc, D. Gomez, Á. Guizzo, F. Graf, S. Greijdanus, H. Grigoryan, A. Grzymała-Moszczyńska, J. Guerch, K. Gustafsson Sendén, M. Hale, M.-L. Hämer, H. Hirai, M. Hoang Duc, L. Hřebíčková, M. Hutchings, P.B. Høj Jensen, D. Jasinskaja-Lahti, I. Karabati, S. Kelmendi, K. Kengyel, G. Khachatryan, N. Ghazzawi, R. Kinahan, M. Kirby, T.A. Kovács, M. Kozlowski, D. Krivoshchekov, V. Kulich, C. Kurosawa, T. Thi Lac An, N. Labarthe, J. Latu, I. Anne Lauri, M. Mankowski, E. Musbau Lawal, A. Li, J. Lindner, J. Lindqvist, A. Maitner, A.T. Makarova, E. Makashvili, A. Malayeri, S. Malik, S. Mancini, T. Manzi, C. Mari, S. Martiny, S.E. Mayer, C.-H. Mihić, V. Milošević Đorđević, J. Moreno-Bella, E. Moscatelli, S. Bryan Moynihan, A. Muller, D. Narhetali, E. Neto, F. Noels, K.A. Nyúl, B. O’Connor, E.C. Ochoa, D.P. Ohno, S. Olanrewaju Adebayo, S. Osborne, R. Giuseppina Pacilli, M. Palacio, J. Patnaik, S. Pavlopoulos, V. Pérez de León, P. Piterová, I. Barreiros Porto, J. Puzio, A. Pyrkosz-Pacyna, J. Rentería Pérez, E. Renström, E. Rousseaux, T. Ryan, M.K. Sainz, M. Salvati, M. Samekin, A. Schindler, S. Seydi, M. Shepherd, D. Sherbaji, S. Schmader, T. Simão, C. Sobhie, R. Souza, L.D. Sarter, E. Sulejmanović, D. Sullivan, K.E. Tatsumi, M. Tavitian-Elmadjian, L. Jain Thakur, S. Thi Mong Chi, Q. Torre, B. Torres, A. Torres, C.V. Türkoğlu, B. Ungaretti, J. Valshtein, T. Van Laar, C. van der Noll, J. Vasiutynskyi, V. Vauclair, C.-M. Venäläinen, S. Vohra, N. Walentynowicz, M. Ward, C. Yang, Y. Yzerbyt, V. Zanello, V. Ludmila Zapata-Calvente, A. Žukauskienė, R.

Abstract

Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB’s distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role. © The Author(s) 2021.

Published
2021

34. Societal emotional environments and cross-cultural differences in life satisfaction : a forty-nine country study

Author

Krys, Kuba, Yeung, June Chun, Capaldi, Colin A., Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi, Torres, Claudio, van Tilburg, Wijnand A. P., Bond, Michael Harris, Zelenski, John M., Haas, Brian W., Park, Joonha, Maricchiolo, Fridanna, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Kosiarczyk, Aleksandra, Kocimska-Zych, Agata, Kwiatkowska, Anna, Adamovic, Mladen, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, Fülöp, Márta, Sirlopu, David, Okvitawanli, Ayu, Boer, Diana, Teyssier, Julien, Malyonova, Arina, Gavreliuc, Alin, Uchida, Yukiko, Serdarevich, Ursula, Akotia, Charity, Appoh, Lily, Mira D. M., Arévalo, Baltin, Arno, Denoux, Patrick, Dominguez-Espinosa, Alejandra, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer, Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B., Igbokwe, David O., Igou, Eric R., Işık, İdil, Kascakova, Natalia, Klůzová Kračmárová, Lucie, Kronberger, Nicole, Lee, J. Hannah, Liu, Xinhui, Barrientos, Pablo Eduardo, Mohorić, Tamara, Mustaffa, Nur Fariza, Mosca, Oriana, Nader, Martin, Nadi, Azar, van Osch, Yvette, Pavlović, Zoran, Poláčková Šolcová, Iva, Rizwan, Muhammad, Romashov, Vladyslav, Røysamb, Espen, Sargautyte, Ruta, Schwarz, Beate, Selecká, Lenka, Selim, Heyla A., Stogianni, Maria, Sun, Chien-Ru, Xing, Cai, Vignoles, Vivian L., Department of Social Psychology, Rapid Social and Cultural Transformation: Online & Offline, Krys, Kuba, Yeung, June Chun, Capaldi, Colin A., Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi, Torres, Claudio, van Tilburg, Wijnand A. P., Bond, Michael Harri, Zelenski, John M., Haas, Brian W., Park, Joonha, Maricchiolo, Fridanna, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Kosiarczyk, Aleksandra, Kocimska-Zych, Agata, Kwiatkowska, Anna, Adamovic, Mladen, Pavlopoulos, Vassili, Fülöp, Márta, Sirlopu, David, Okvitawanli, Ayu, Boer, Diana, Teyssier, Julien, Malyonova, Arina, Gavreliuc, Alin, Uchida, Yukiko, Serdarevich, Ursula, Akotia, Charity, Appoh, Lily, Mira, D. M., Arévalo, Baltin, Arno, Denoux, Patrick, Dominguez-Espinosa, Alejandra, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer, Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B., Igbokwe, David O., Igou, Eric R., Işık, İdil, Kascakova, Natalia, Klůzová Kračmárová, Lucie, Kronberger, Nicole, Lee, J. Hannah, Liu, Xinhui, Barrientos, Pablo Eduardo, Mohorić, Tamara, Mustaffa, Nur Fariza, Mosca, Oriana, Nader, Martin, Nadi, Azar, van Osch, Yvette, Pavlović, Zoran, Poláčková Šolcová, Iva, Rizwan, Muhammad, Romashov, Vladyslav, Røysamb, Espen, Sargautyte, Ruta, Schwarz, Beate, Selecká, Lenka, Selim, Heyla A., Stogianni, Maria, Sun, Chien-Ru, Xing, Cai, Vignoles, Vivian L., and Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa

Subjects
EXPRESSION, societal emotional environment, societal well-being, emotion regulation, emotion expression, life satisfaction, culture, Latin America, emotion regulation, Latin Americans, SELF-ESTEEM, Culture, Well-being, 050109 social psychology, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], 158: Angewandte Psychologie, 050105 experimental psychology, societal well-being, Societal emotional environment, Cross-cultural, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Forty Nine, Cross-cultural comparison, NEGATIVE EMOTIONS, Emotion expression, life satisfaction, General Psychology, POSITIVE AFFECT, Multi-level analysis, SUPPRESSION, HAPPINESS, Operationalization, Emotion regulation, 05 social sciences, Life satisfaction, culture, emotion expression, Latin America, CONSTRUCT, Degree (music), Cross-cultural studies, Life-satisfaction, Societal well- being, INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL, Psychology, Social psychology, COSTS
Abstract

In this paper, we introduce the concept of ‘societal emotional environment’: the emotional climate of a society (operationalized as the degree to which positive and negative emotions are expressed in a society). Using data collected from 12,888 participants across 49 countries, we show how societal emotional environments vary across countries and cultural clusters, and we consider the potential importance of these differences for well-being. Multilevel analyses supported a ‘double-edged sword’ model of negative emotion expression, where expression of negative emotions predicted higher life satisfaction for the expresser but lower life satisfaction for society. In contrast, partial support was found for higher societal life satisfaction in positive societal emotional environments. Our study highlights the potential utility and importance of distinguishing between positive and negative emotion expression, and adopting both individual and societal perspectives in well-being research. Individual pathways to happiness may not necessarily promote the happiness of others. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2021
Full Text
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35. Is an Emphasis on Dignity, Honor and Face more an Attribute of Individuals or of Cultural Groups?

Author

Smith, P.B. Easterbrook, M.J. Koc, Y. Lun, V.M.-C. Papastylianou, D. Grigoryan, L. Torres, C. Efremova, M. Hassan, B. Abbas, A. Ahmad, A.H. al-Bayati, A. Selim, H.A. Anderson, J. Cross, S.E. Delfino, G.I. Gamsakhurdia, V. Gavreliuc, A. Gavreliuc, D. Gul, P. Günsoy, C. Hakobjanyan, A. Lay, S. Lopukhova, O. Hu, P. Sunar, D. Texeira, M.L.M. Tripodi, D. Diaz Rivera, P.E. van Osch, Y. Yuki, M. Ogusu, N. Kwantes, C.T. Diaz-Loving, R. Pérez-Floriano, L. Chaleeraktrakoon, T. Chobthamkit, P.

Abstract

This study compares the individual-level and sample-level predictive utility of a measure of the cultural logics of dignity, honor, and face. University students in 29 samples from 24 nations used a simple measure to rate their perceptions of the interpersonal cultural logic characterizing their local culture. The nomological net of these measures was then explored. Key dependent measures included three different facets of independent versus interdependent self-construal, relevant attitudes and values, reported handling of actual interpersonal conflicts, and responses to normative settings. Multilevel analyses revealed both individual- and sample-level effects but the dignity measure showed more individual-level effects, whereas sample-level effects were relatively more important with the face measure. The implications of this contrast are discussed. © 2020 SAGE Publications.

Published
2021

36. Car use reduction: a matter of reasoned calculus, morality or habit? An integrative perspective

Author

Alin Semenescu and Alin Gavreliuc

Subjects
lcsh:Psychology, car use, lcsh:BF1-990, theory of planned behavior, norm activation model, sustainable transportation, habits, Applied Psychology
Abstract

Car transportation has many benefits, yet it also generates problems such as noise and air pollution, loss of urban space, traffic jams and contributes significantly to global warming. Three approaches for explaining car use behavior and intentions to reduce it are often used in the transportation literature, namely a rational choice (e.g. theory of planned behavior), a morality-based (e.g. norm activation model) and a habit-based approach. While there were studies that investigated their comparative power, there were relatively few attempts to integrate these different perspectives in a single theoretical model. The present study proposes an integrated model of the theory of planned behavior, the norm activation model and the concept of habits to predict drivers’ intentions to reduce their car use, and tests this model on a sample of Romanian drivers (N = 140). Results show that the model performed better than the theory of planned behavior, the norm activation model or a combination of the two and that all variables in the model predicted (directly or indirectly) behavioral intentions to reduce car transportation. The strongest predictors were perceived behavioral control, personal norms and car use related habits. The results contribute to theory development and provide a conceptual framework, which can inform the development of future travel demand management solutions.

Published
2019

37. Cultural Variability in the Association Between Age and Well-Being: The Role of Uncertainty Avoidance

Author

Kimin Eom, Daniela Moza, Smaranda Ioana Lawrie, Heejung Kim, and Alin Gavreliuc

Subjects
Adult, Male, Uncertainty avoidance, Aging, Internationality, Cultural perspective, 05 social sciences, Uncertainty, 050109 social psychology, Cultural Diversity, Middle Aged, 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, Open data, Mental Health, Adaptation, Psychological, Well-being, Quality of Life, Humans, Female, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Association (psychology), Psychology, General Psychology
Abstract

Past research has found a mixed relationship between age and subjective well-being. The current research advances the understanding of these findings by incorporating a cultural perspective. We tested whether the relationship between age and well-being is moderated by uncertainty avoidance, a cultural dimension dealing with society’s tolerance for ambiguity. In Study 1 ( N = 64,228), using a multilevel approach with an international database, we found that older age was associated with lower well-being in countries higher in uncertainty avoidance but not in countries lower in uncertainty avoidance. Further, this cultural variation was mediated by a sense of control. In Study 2 ( N = 1,025), we compared a culture with low uncertainty avoidance (the United States) with a culture with high uncertainty avoidance (Romania) and found a consistent pattern: Age was negatively associated with well-being in Romania but not in the United States. This cultural difference was mediated by the use of contrasting coping strategies associated with different levels of a sense of control.

Published
2019

39. Structural, Psychological and Contextual Predictors of Car Use

Author

Semenescu, Alin and Gavreliuc, Alin

Subjects
car use, contextual predictors, Applied psychology, Control (management), structural predictors, Psychological intervention, Sample (statistics), psychological predictors, Structural equation modeling, BF1-990, Sustainable transport, Fuel cost, Psychology, sustainable transportation, Inclusion (education), General Psychology, Original Research
Abstract

Besides its undeniable advantages, personal car use generates a wide array of problems, among which its contribution to global warming is probably the most severe. To implement sound policies that are effective in reducing private car use, it is essential to first understand its important antecedents. Structural, psychological and contextual predictors were extensively studied independently, yet integrative approaches that investigate all these factors in a single theoretical model are lacking. The present study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of car use behavior by proposing a model that includes structural, psychological and contextual determinants and tests this model on an international sample of drivers (N = 414). Responses were analyzed using a structural equation modeling approach. Results show that car use habits, perceived behavioral control, policy measures, fuel cost, infrastructure, temperature and level of precipitations significantly influence car use behavior. Such results support the inclusion of both structural (i.e., hard) and psychological (i.e., soft) factors in the design of policy interventions, while also considering contextual situations. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

Published
2021

40. Sex Differences in Self-Construal and in Depressive Symptoms: Predictors of Cross-National Variation

Author

Smith, P.B. Easterbrook, M.J. al-Selim, H. Lun, V.M.C. Koc, Y. Gul, P. Papastylianou, D. Grigoryan, L. Torres, C. Efremova, M. Hassan, B. Ahmad, A.H. al-Bayati, A. Anderson, J. Cross, S.E. Delfino, G.I. Gamsakhurdia, V. Gavreliuc, A. Gavreliuc, D. Gunsoy, C. Hakobjanyan, A. Lay, S. Lopukhova, O. Hu, P. Sunar, D. Texeira, M.L.M. Tripodi, D. Diaz Rivera, P.E. van Osch, Y. Yuki, M. Abbas, A. Ogusu, N. Kwantes, C.T. Diaz-Loving, R. Perez Floriano, L. Chaleeraktrakoon, T. Chobthamkit, P.

Abstract

Sex differences in aspects of independent versus interdependent self-construal and depressive symptoms were surveyed among 5,320 students from 24 nations. Men were found to perceive themselves as more self-contained whereas women perceived themselves as more connected to others. No significant sex differences were found on two further dimensions of self-construal, or on a measure of depressive symptoms. Multilevel modeling was used to test the ability of a series of predictors derived from a social identity perspective and from evolutionary theory to moderate sex differences. Contrary to most prior studies of personality, sex differences in self-construal were larger in samples from nations scoring lower on the Gender Gap Index, and the Human Development Index. Sex differences were also greater in nations with higher pathogen prevalence, higher self-reported religiosity, and in nations with high reported avoidance of settings with strong norms. The findings are discussed in terms of the interrelatedness of self-construals and the cultural contexts in which they are elicited and the distinctiveness of student samples. © The Author(s) 2020.

Published
2020

41. Country-level and individual-level predictors of men's support for gender equality in 42 countries

Author

Kosakowska-Berezecka, N. Besta, T. Bosson, J.K. Jurek, P. Vandello, J.A. Best, D.L. Wlodarczyk, A. Safdar, S. Zawisza, M. Żadkowska, M. Sobiecki, J. Agyemang, C.B. Akbaş, G. Ammirati, S. Anderson, J. Anjum, G. Aruta, J.J.B.R. Ashraf, M. Bakaitytė, A. Bi, C. Becker, M. Bender, M. Bërxulli, D. Bosak, J. Daalmans, S. Dandy, J. de Lemus, S. Dvorianchikov, N. Etchezahar, E. Froehlich, L. Gavreliuc, A. Gavreliuc, D. Gomez, Á. Greijdanus, H. Grigoryan, A. Hale, M.-L. Hämer, H. Hoorens, V. Hutchings, P.B. Jensen, D.H. Kelmendi, K. Khachatryan, N. Kinahan, M. Kozlowski, D. Lauri, M.A. Li, J. Maitner, A.T. Makashvili, A. Mancini, T. Martiny, S.E. Đorđević, J.M. Moreno-Bella, E. Moscatelli, S. Bryan Moynihan, A. Muller, D. Ochoa, D. Adebayo, S.O. Pacilli, M.G. Palacio, J. Patnaik, S. Pavlopoulos, V. Piterová, I. Puzio, A. Pyrkosz-Pacyna, J. Rentería-Pérez, E. Rousseaux, T. Sainz, M. Salvati, M. Samekin, A. García-Sánchez, E. Schindler, S. Sherbaji, S. Sobhie, R. Sulejmanović, D. Sullivan, K.E. Torre, B. Torres, C.V. Ungaretti, J. Valshtein, T. Van Laar, C. van der Noll, J. Vasiutynskyi, V. Vohra, N. Zapata-Calvente, A.L. Žukauskienė, R.

Abstract

Men sometimes withdraw support for gender equality movements when their higher gender status is threatened. Here, we expand the focus of this phenomenon by examining it cross-culturally, to test if both individual- and country-level variables predict men's collective action intentions to support gender equality. We tested a model in which men's zero-sum beliefs about gender predict reduced collective action intentions via an increase in hostile sexism. Because country-level gender equality may threaten men's higher gender status, we also examined whether the path from zero-sum beliefs to collective action intentions was stronger in countries higher in gender equality. Multilevel modeling on 6,734 men from 42 countries supported the individual-level mediation model, but found no evidence of moderation by country-level gender equality. Both country-level gender equality and individual-level zero-sum thinking independently predicted reductions in men's willingness to act collectively for gender equality. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2020

42. Personal Life Satisfaction as a Measure of Societal Happiness is an Individualistic Presumption: Evidence from Fifty Countries

Author

Krys, K. Park, J. Kocimska-Zych, A. Kosiarczyk, A. Selim, H.A. Wojtczuk-Turek, A. Haas, B.W. Uchida, Y. Torres, C. Capaldi, C.A. Bond, M.H. Zelenski, J.M. Lun, V.M.-C. Maricchiolo, F. Vauclair, C.-M. Poláčková Šolcová, I. Sirlopú, D. Xing, C. Vignoles, V.L. van Tilburg, W.A.P. Teyssier, J. Sun, C.-R. Stoyanova, S. Serdarevich, U. Schwarz, B. Sargautyte, R. Røysamb, E. Romashov, V. Rizwan, M. Pavlović, Z. Pavlopoulos, V. van Osch, Y. Okvitawanli, A. Nadi, A. Nader, M. Nur Fariza, M. Mosca, O. Mohorić, T. Barrientos, P.E. Malyonova, A. Liu, X. Lee, J.H. Kwiatkowska, A. Kronberger, N. Klůzová Kračmárová, L. Kascakova, N. Işık, İ. Igou, E.R. Igbokwe, D.O. Hanke-Boer, D. Gavreliuc, A. Garðarsdóttir, R.B. Fülöp, M. Gamsakhurdia, V. Esteves, C.S. Domínguez-Espinosa, A. Denoux, P. Charkviani, S. Baltin, A. Mira, A.D.M. Appoh, L. Albert, I. Akotia, C.S. Adamovic, M.

Abstract

Numerous studies document that societal happiness is correlated with individualism, but the nature of this phenomenon remains understudied. In the current paper, we address this gap and test the reasoning that individualism correlates with societal happiness because the most common measure of societal happiness (i.e., country-level aggregates of personal life satisfaction) is individualism-themed. With the data collected from 13,009 participants across fifty countries, we compare associations of four types of happiness (out of which three are more collectivism-themed than personal life satisfaction) with two different measures of individualism. We replicated previous findings by demonstrating that societal happiness measured as country-level aggregate of personal life satisfaction is correlated with individualism. Importantly though, we also found that the country-level aggregates of the collectivism-themed measures of happiness do not tend to be significantly correlated with individualism. Implications for happiness studies and for policy makers are signaled. © 2020, The Author(s).

Published
2021

43. Personal life satisfaction as a measure of societal happiness is an individualistic presumption: Evidence from fifty countries

Author

Krys, Kuba, Park, Joonha, Kocimska-Zych, Agata, Kosiarczyk, Aleksandra, Selim, Heyla A., Wojtczuk-Turek, Agnieszka, Haas, Brian W., Uchida, Yukiko, Torres, Claudio, Capaldi, Colin A., Bond, Michael Harris, Zelenski, John M., Lun, Vivian Miu-chi, Maricchiolo, Fridanna, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Poláčková Šolcová, Iva, Sirlopú, David, Xing, Cai, Vignoles, Vivian L., Van Tilburg, Wijnand A. P., Teyssier, Julien, Sun, Chien-Ru, Stoyanova, Stanislava, Serdarevich, Ursula, Schwarz, Beate, Sargautyte, Ruta, Røysamb, Espen, Romashov, Vladyslav, Rizwan, Muhammad, Pavlović, Zoran, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, Van Osch, Yvette, Okvitawanli, Ayu, Nadi, Azar, Nader, Martin, Nur Fariza, Mustaffa, Mosca, Oriana, Mohorić, Tamara, Barrientos, Pablo Eduardo, Malyonova, Arina, Liu, Xinhui, Lee, J. Hannah, Kwiatkowska, Anna, Kronberger, Nicole, Klůzová Kračmárová, Lucie, Kascakova, Natalia, Işık, İdil, Igou, Eric R., Igbokwe, David O., Hanke-Boer, Diana, Gavreliuc, Alin, Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B., Fülöp, Marta, Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Domínguez-Espinosa, Alejandra, Denoux, Patrick, Charkviani, Salome, Baltin, Arno, Mira, Arévalo D.M., Appoh, Lily, Albert, Isabelle, Akotia, Charity M., and Adamovic, Mladen

Subjects
interdependent happiness, well-being, Multidisciplinary, general & others [H99] [Social & behavioral sciences, psychology], self-construals, family happiness, life satisfaction, individualism, Multidisciplinaire, généralités & autres [H99] [Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie], collectivism, culture
Abstract

Numerous studies document that societal happiness is correlated with individualism, but the nature of this phenomenon remains understudied. In the current paper, we address this gap and test the reasoning that individualism correlates with societal happiness because the most common measure of societal happiness (i.e., country-level aggregates of personal life satisfaction) is individualism-themed. With the data collected from 13,009 participants across fifty countries, we compare associations of four types of happiness (out of which three are more collectivism-themed than personal life satisfaction) with two different measures of individualism. We replicated previous findings by demonstrating that societal happiness measured as country-level aggregate of personal life satisfaction is correlated with individualism. Importantly though, we also found that the country-level aggregates of the collectivism-themed measures of happiness do not tend to be significantly correlated with individualism. Implications for happiness studies and for policy makers are signaled.

Published
2021

45. Being oneself through time: Bases of self-continuity across 55 cultures

Author

Ellinor Owe, Diego Carrasco, Selinay Çağlar, Seth J. Schwartz, Gabriella Campara, Matthew J. Easterbrook, Camillo Regalia, Masaki Yuki, Kassahun Habtamu Mekonnen, Ronald Fischer, Silvia Helena Koller, Phatthanakit Chobthamkit, Jianxin Zhang, Siugmin Lay, Agustín Espinosa, Pelin Kesebir, David Bourguignon, Juan A. Villamar, Xiao Zhang, Nicolás Didier, Immo Fritsche, Charles Harb, Said Aldhafri, Robert Kreuzbauer, Taciano L. Milfont, Peter Baguma, Maja Becker, Tom Pyszczynski, George Nizharadze, Michael Harris Bond, Ma. Elizabeth J. Macapagal, Martina Zinkeng, Roberto González, Benjamin Amponsah, Vivian L. Vignoles, Ana Raquel Rosas Torres, Rupert Brown, Peter B. Smith, Sami Abuhamdeh, Nicolay Gausel, Claudia Manzi, Marie Courtois, Raquel Lorente Clemares, Jas Laile Suzana Binti Jaafar, Maria Brambilla, Ersin Kusdil, Bettina Möller, Leoncio Camino, Baland Jalal, Sabrina E. Des Rosiers, Ginette Herman, Alexander Tatarko, Boris Cendales Ayala, Shaobo Lv, Paula Prieto Gil, Ragna B. Garðarsdóttir, Márta Fülöp, Mariana Martin, Alin Gavreliuc, Inge Schweiger Gallo, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Sussex, Istanbul Sehir University, Universidad de Los Andes [Venezuela] (ULA), Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Hong Kong] (POLYU), Free University of Tbilisi, University of Ghana, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Uludağ Üniversitesi = Uludag University, Ankara University, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Milano] (Unicatt), Psychologie Ergonomique et Sociale pour l'Expérience utilisateurs (PErSEUs), Université de Lorraine (UL), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Ateneo de Manila University, University of Colorado [Colorado Springs] (UCCS), Thammasat University (TU), University of Agder (UIA), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Arc Centre of Excellence for Quantum-Atom Optics (ACQAO), Australian National University (ANU), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Vysšaja škola èkonomiki = National Research University Higher School of Economics [Moscow] (HSE), Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Addis Ababa University (AAU), Victoria University of Wellington, University of Malaya [Kuala Lumpur, Malaisie], Makerere University [Kampala, Ouganda] (MAK), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Wuhan Branch], West University of Timișoara [Roumanie] (WUT), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [Madrid] (UC3M), Laboratoire de physique et modélisation des milieux condensés (LPM2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Psikoloji Bölümü., Kuşdil, Muharrem Ersin, and National Research University Higher School of Economics

Subjects
Beliefs, Personhood, media_common.quotation_subject, Culture, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Identity (social science), 050109 social psychology, Mindset, Psychology, social, Implicit theories, 050105 experimental psychology, Personhood beliefs, Identity, Mutability, Perception, Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Narrative, Future, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Psychology, Associative property, media_common, Self-continuity, Essentialism, 05 social sciences, Cultural group selection, Individualism, Self-Construal, Emotion, Individualism/Collectivism, Motives, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Personal identity, Social psychology
Abstract

Çalışmada 60 yazar bulunmaktadır. Bu yazarlardan sadece Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi mensuplarının girişleri yapılmıştır. Self-continuity - the sense that one's past, present, and future are meaningfully connected - is considered a defining feature of personal identity. However, bases of self-continuity may depend on cultural beliefs about personhood. In multilevel analyses of data from 7287 adults from 55 cultural groups in 33 nations, we tested a new tripartite theoretical model of bases of self-continuity. As expected, perceptions of stability, sense of narrative, and associative links to one's past each contributed to predicting the extent to which people derived a sense of self-continuity from different aspects of their identities. Ways of constructing self-continuity were moderated by cultural and individual differences in mutable (vs. immutable) personhood beliefs - the belief that human attributes are malleable. Individuals with lower mutability beliefs based self-continuity more on stability; members of cultures where mutability beliefs were higher based self-continuity more on narrative. Bases of self-continuity were also moderated by cultural variation in contextualized (vs. decontextualized) personhood beliefs, indicating a link to cultural individualism-collectivism. Our results illustrate the cultural flexibility of the motive for self-continuity. UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC) (RES-062-23-1300) Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research (CIIR) (FONDAP/15110006) Centre for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies (FONDAP/15130009) UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC) (ES/F04223X/1) Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDECYT (FONDECYT/1161371)

Published
2017

46. Symbolic Capital and Cultural Dimensions in Romanian Educational Organizations

Author

Alin Gavreliuc and Dana Gavreliuc

Subjects
Cultural history, Romanian, Subject (philosophy), Hofstede's cultural dimensions, Symbolic capital, Modernization theory, language.human_language, symbolic capital, Social reproduction, education, Cynicism, social axioms, language, General Materials Science, Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, Sociology, Social science
Abstract

Organized in the Western part of Romania, we have investigated the role of symbolic capital as a generator of more opened relational patterns in an educational environment. We have found a problematic profile of teacher from universities, comparing with the profile of teachers from secondary schools (higher social cynicism or power distance for academic sample), that indicates the spreading of duplicitous social symptoms as a functional way of acting and thinking in Romanian educational organizations. Thus, the thesis of relational modernization (as higher the subject is in symbolic capital as less he/she is in duplicitous) is refuted, underlining the role of social attitudes and values rooted in cultural history centered on dependency, assistentialism and precarious self-determination.

Published
2014

47. Individual and culture-level components of survey response styles: A multi-level analysis using cultural models of selfhood

Author

Camillo Regalia, Alexander Tatarko, Ragna B. Garðarsdóttir, David Bourguignon, Gabriella Campara, Matthew J. Easterbrook, Paula Prieto Gil, Xiao Zhang, Juan A. Villamar, Jianxin Zhang, Taciano L. Milfont, Márta Fülöp, Mariana Martin, Peter Baguma, Seth J. Schwartz, Martina Zinkeng, Vivian L. Vignoles, Agustín Espinosa, Marie Courtois, Claudia Manzi, Said Aldhafri, Benjamin Amponsah, Roberto González, Nicolás Didier, Maja Becker, Ana Raquel Rosas Torres, Sami Abuhamdeh, Siugmin Lay, Alin Gavreliuc, Leoncio Camino, Pelin Kesebir, Inge Schweiger Gallo, Silvia Helena Koller, Sabrina E. Des Rosiers, Diego Carrasco, Ginette Herman, Masaki Yuki, Ronald Fischer, Ma. Elizabeth J. Macapagal, Maria Brambilla, Ersin Kusdil, George Nizharadze, Charles Harb, Peter B. Smith, Tom Pyszczynski, Michael Harris Bond, Rupert Brown, Baland Jalal, Phatthanakit Chobthamkit, Selinay Çağlar, Bettina Möller, Raquel Lorente Clemares, Jas Laile Suzana Binti Jaafar, Kassahun Habtamu Mekonnen, Nicolay Gausel, Robert Kreuzbauer, Boris Cendales Ayala, Shaobo Lv, Ellinor Owe, and Immo Fritsche

Subjects
Harmony (color), Acquiescence, 05 social sciences, Cultural group selection, 050109 social psychology, General Medicine, 050105 experimental psychology, Style (sociolinguistics), Mode (music), Survey methodology, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Similarity (psychology), 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Control (linguistics), Psychology, Social psychology, General Psychology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Variations in acquiescence and extremity pose substantial threats to the validity of cross-cultural research that relies on survey methods. Individual and cultural correlates of response styles when using 2 contrasting types of response mode were investigated, drawing on data from 55 cultural groups across 33 nations. Using 7 dimensions of self-other relatedness that have often been confounded within the broader distinction between independence and interdependence, our analysis yields more specific understandings of both individual- and culture-level variations in response style. When using a Likert-scale response format, acquiescence is strongest among individuals seeing themselves as similar to others, and where cultural models of selfhood favour harmony, similarity with others and receptiveness to influence. However, when using Schwartz's (2007) portrait-comparison response procedure, acquiescence is strongest among individuals seeing themselves as self-reliant but also connected to others, and where cultural models of selfhood favour self-reliance and self-consistency. Extreme responding varies less between the two types of response modes, and is most prevalent among individuals seeing themselves as self-reliant, and in cultures favouring self-reliance. As both types of response mode elicit distinctive styles of response, it remains important to estimate and control for style effects to ensure valid comparisons.

Published
2016

48. Nation-Level Moderators of the Extent to Which Self-Efficacy and Relationship Harmony Predict Students’ Depression and Life Satisfaction

Author

Göksu Cagil Celikkol, Phatthanakit Chobthamkit, Hu Ping, Ellinor Owe, Sylvia Xiaohua Chen, Hui Bee Teh, Vivian L. Vignoles, Abd Halim Ahmad, Alin Gavreliuc, Muhammad Rizwan, and Peter B. Smith

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Self-efficacy, Harmony (color), Individualistic culture, Social Psychology, 05 social sciences, Collectivism, Protective factor, Life satisfaction, 050109 social psychology, 050105 experimental psychology, Individualism, Interpersonal relationship, Anthropology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology, Social psychology
Abstract

Previous two-nation comparisons have provided evidence that self-efficacy may be a protective factor against depression in individualist cultures, whereas relationship harmony may be a stronger protective factor in collectivist cultures. However, wider sampling and more specific measures of cultural difference are required to test these conclusions. Student ratings of depression and life satisfaction were surveyed in 10 samples drawn from nine nations. Culture-level individualism positively moderated the relationship of self-efficacy to low depression. However, culture-level collectivism negatively moderated the linkage of relationship harmony to depression. To better understand these effects, four separate nation-level predictors derived from dimensions of self-construal were employed. Effects of self-efficacy were strongest where cultural models of selfhood emphasized self-direction (vs. receptiveness to influence); effects of relationship harmony were strongest where cultural models of selfhood emphasized dependence on others (vs. self-reliance). These results illustrate the value of unpackaging the diffusely defined concept of individualism-collectivism.

Published
2016

49. 30 Years of soft interventions to reduce car use – A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Alin Gavreliuc, Alin Semenescu, and Paul Sârbescu

Subjects
050210 logistics & transportation, 020209 energy, 05 social sciences, Applied psychology, Psychological intervention, Poison control, Human factors and ergonomics, Transportation, 02 engineering and technology, Suicide prevention, Incentive, Meta-analysis, 0502 economics and business, Injury prevention, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Psychology, Relocation, General Environmental Science, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Soft travel interventions are generally regarded as effective measures for reducing personal car use. However, doubts about the validity of such claims are raised, primarily fueled by the low methodological quality of evaluation studies upon which such conclusions are based and by the fact that the literature is, for the most part, narratively synthesized. The present systematic review addresses these critiques by investigating the effect of soft interventions on car use through a meta-analysis, which includes only experimental and well-controlled quasi-experimental studies. Results revealed that interventions (k = 41) lead to a significant reduction of 7% in car modal split share (Hedges’ g = 0.163). Moderators of interventions’ effectiveness were investigated in a meta-regression. Effectiveness was moderated by the type of intervention and by the main psychological variable targeted by the interventions, whereas the other studied moderators (i.e. residential relocation of participants, study design, percentage of females in the study, the presence of incentives, passed time to follow-up, interventions’ measurement instrument, city size in which interventions were applied and the setting where they were conducted) were non-significant. Limitations of the present findings, together with implications for policy and practice are discussed.

Published
2020

50. Intergenerational Analysis of Cultural Dimensions and Attributional Patterns in Romanian Educational Organizations

Author

Alin Gavreliuc and Dana Gavreliuc

Subjects
education, Romanian, Control (management), attributional patterns, Sample (statistics), Hofstede's cultural dimensions, Externalism, intergenerational comparison, language.human_language, Developmental psychology, Religiosity, Cynicism, Locus of control, social axioms, language, General Materials Science, Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, Psychology, Social psychology
Abstract

The stake of our research is focused on realizing an intergenerational diagnosis concerning social axioms, Hofstede's cultural dimensions and attributional patterns in Romanian educational organizations. The sample was composed by 522 subjects: 253 teachers from high-schools and 269 teachers from universities. The main outcomes underline the most intense score of social cynicism, fate control, religiosity (from the social axioms model), externalist locus of control and power distance for younger generations among all cohorts. All of these features reveal the prevalence of retractile and fatalist patterns of social attitudes and evaluation of the social world, generally distributed in the generational strata.

Published
2013
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