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1. The Third Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-ray Pulsars

Author

Smith, David A., Bruel, Philippe, Clark, Colin J., Guillemot, Lucas, Kerr, Matthew T., Ray, Paul, Abdollahi, Soheila, Ajello, Marco, Baldini, Luca, Ballet, Jean, Baring, Matthew, Bassa, Cees, Gonzalez, Josefa Becerra, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Berretta, Alessandra, Bhattacharyya, Bhaswati, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Bonino, Raffaella, Bottacini, Eugenio, Bregeon, Johan, Burgay, Marta, Burnett, Toby, Cameron, Rob, Camilo, Fernando, Caputo, Regina, Caraveo, Patrizia, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Chiaro, Graziano, Ciprini, Stefano, Cognard, Ismael, Orestano, Paolo Cristarella, Crnogorcevic, Milena, Cuoco, Alessandro, Cutini, Sara, D'Ammando, Filippo, de Angelis, Alessandro, De Gaetano, Salvatore, de Menezes, Raniere, de Palma, Francesco, DeCesar, Megan, Deneva, Julia, Di Lalla, Niccola, Di Venere, Leonardo, Dirirsa, Feraol Fana, Dominguez, Alberto, Dumora, Denis, Fegan, Stephen, Ferrara, Elizabeth, Fiori, Alessio, Fleischhack, Henrike, Flynn, Chris, Franckowiak, Anna, Freire, Paulo, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Fusco, Piergiorgio, Galanti, Giorgio, Gammaldi, Viviana, Gargano, Fabio, Gasparrini, Dario, Giacchino, Federica, Giglietto, Nico, Giordano, Francesco, Giroletti, Marcello, Green, David, Grenier, Isabelle, Guiriec, Sylvain, Gustafsson, Michael, Harding, Alice, Hays, Liz, Hewitt, John, Horan, Deirdre, Hou, Xian, Jankowski, Fabian, Johnson, Tyrel, Johnson, Robert, Johnston, Simon, Kataoka, Jun, Keith, Michael J., Kramer, Michael, Kuss, Michael, Latronico, Luca, Lee, Shiu-Hang, Li, Di, Li, Jian, Limyansky, Brent, Longo, Francesco, Loparco, Francesco, Lorusso, Leonarda, Lovellette, Michael, Lower, Marcus, Lubrano, Pasquale, Lyne, Andrew, Maldera, Simone, Manchester, Richard, Manfreda, Alberto, Marelli, Martino, Marta-Devesa, Guillem, Mazziotta, Mario Nicola, McEnery, Julie, Mereu, Isabella, Michelson, Peter, Mitthumsiri, Warit, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Moiseev, Alex, Monzani, Maria Elena, Morselli, Aldo, Negro, Michela, Nemmen, Rodrigo, Nieder, Lars, Nuss, Eric, Omodei, Nicola, Orienti, Monica, Orlando, Elena, Ormes, Jonathan F., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, David, Panzarini, Giuliana, Persic, Massimo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Pillera, Roberta, Poon, Helen, Porter, Troy, Principe, Giacomo, Raino, Silvia, Rando, Riccardo, Ransom, Scott, Razzano, Massimiliano, Razzaque, Soebur, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Renault-Tinacci, Nicolas, Romani, Roger, Sanchez-Conde, Miguel A., Parkinson, Pablo Saz, Scotton, Lorenzo, Serini, Davide, Sgro, Carmelo, Shannon, Ryan, Sharma, Vidushi, Siskind, Eric J., Spandre, Gloria, Spinelli, Paolo, Stappers, Ben, Stephens, Tom, Suson, Dan, Tajima, Hiro, Tak, Dongguen, Theureau, Gilles, Thompson, David, Tibolla, Omar, Torres, Diego F., Valverde, Janeth, Venter, Christo, Wadiasingh, Zorawar, Wang, Nina, Wang, Pei, Weltevrede, Patrick, Wood, Kent, and Zaharijas, Gabrijela

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present 294 pulsars found in GeV data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Another 33 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) discovered in deep radio searches of LAT sources will likely reveal pulsations once phase-connected rotation ephemerides are achieved. A further dozen optical and/or X-ray binary systems co-located with LAT sources also likely harbor gamma-ray MSPs. This catalog thus reports roughly 340 gamma-ray pulsars and candidates, 10% of all known pulsars, compared to $\leq 11$ known before Fermi. Half of the gamma-ray pulsars are young. Of these, the half that are undetected in radio have a broader Galactic latitude distribution than the young radio-loud pulsars. The others are MSPs, with 6 undetected in radio. Overall, >235 are bright enough above 50 MeV to fit the pulse profile, the energy spectrum, or both. For the common two-peaked profiles, the gamma-ray peak closest to the magnetic pole crossing generally has a softer spectrum. The spectral energy distributions tend to narrow as the spindown power $\dot E$ decreases to its observed minimum near $10^{33}$ erg s$^{-1}$, approaching the shape for synchrotron radiation from monoenergetic electrons. We calculate gamma-ray luminosities when distances are available. Our all-sky gamma-ray sensitivity map is useful for population syntheses. The electronic catalog version provides gamma-ray pulsar ephemerides, properties and fit results to guide and be compared with modeling results., Comment: 142 pages. Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal Supplement

Published
2023

2. The Fourth Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope -- Data Release 3

Author

collaboration, The Fermi-LAT, Ajello, Marco, Baldini, Luca, Ballet, Jean, Bastieri, Denis, Gonzalez, Josefa Becerra, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Berretta, Alessandra, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Bonino, Raffaella, Brill, Ari, Bruel, Philippe, Buson, Sara, Caputo, Regina, Caraveo, Patrizia, Cheung, Teddy, Chiaro, Graziano, Cibrario, Nicolo, Ciprini, Stefano, Crnogorcevic, Milena, Cutini, Sara, D'Ammando, Filippo, De Gaetano, Salvatore, Di Lalla, Niccolo, Di Venere, Leonardo, Dominguez, Alberto, Ramazani, Vandad Fallah, Ferrara, Elizabeth, Fiori, Alessio, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Funk, Stefan, Fusco, Piergiorgio, Gammaldi, Viviana, Gargano, Fabio, Garrappa, Simone, Gasparrini, Dario, Giglietto, Nico, Giordano, Francesco, Giroletti, Marcello, Green, David, Grenier, Isabelle, Guiriec, Sylvain, Horan, Deirdre, Hou, Xian, Kayanoki, Taishu, Kuss, Michael, Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, Luca, Lewis, Tiffany, Li, Jian, Liodakis, Ioannis, Longo, Francesco, Loparco, Francesco, Lott, Benoit, Lovellette, Michael, Lubrano, Pasquale, Madejski, Grzegorz, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marti-Devesa, Guillem, Mazziotta, Mario Nicola, Mereu, Isabella, Michelson, Peter, Mirabal, Nestor, Mitthumsiri, Warit, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Monzani, Maria Elena, Morselli, Aldo, Moskalenko, Igor, Negro, Michela, Ojha, Roopesh, Orienti, Monica, Orlando, Elena, Ormes, Jonathan F., Pei, Zhiyuan, Pena-Herazo, Harold A., Persic, Massimo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrosian, Vahe, Pillera, Roberta, Poon, Helen, Porter, Troy, Principe, Giacomo, Raino, Silvia, Rando, Riccardo, Rani, Bindu, Razzano, Massimiliano, Razzaque, Soebur, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Scargle, Jeff, Scotton, Lorenzo, Serini, Davide, Sgro, Carmelo, Siskind, Eric J., Spandre, Gloria, Spinelli, Paolo, Suson, Dan, Tajima, Hiro, Torres, Diego F., Valverde, Janeth, Yassin, Hend, and Zaharijas, Gabrijela

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

An incremental version of the fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope is presented. This version (4LAC-DR3) derives from the third data release of the 4FGL catalog based on 12 years of E>50 MeV gamma-ray data, where the spectral parameters, spectral energy distributions (SEDs), yearly light curves, and associations have been updated for all sources. The new reported AGNs include 587 blazar candidates and four radio galaxies. We describe the properties of the new sample and outline changes affecting the previously published one. We also introduce two new parameters in this release, namely the peak energy of the SED high-energy component and the corresponding flux. These parameters allow an assessment of the Compton dominance, the ratio of the Inverse-Compton to the synchrotron peak luminosities, without relying on X-ray data., Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Fits files are available at https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/4LACDR3/ or alternatively at https://www.ssdc.asi.it/fermi4lac-DR3/table-4LAC-DR3-h.fits and https://www.ssdc.asi.it/fermi4lac-DR3/table-4LAC-DR3-l.fits

Published
2022
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3. Advancing the Landscape of Multimessenger Science in the Next Decade

Author

Engel, Kristi, Lewis, Tiffany, Muzio, Marco Stein, Venters, Tonia M., Ahlers, Markus, Albert, Andrea, Allen, Alice, Solares, Hugo Alberto Ayala, Anandagoda, Samalka, Andersen, Thomas, Antier, Sarah, Alvarez-Castillo, David, Bar, Olaf, Beznosko, Dmitri, Bibrzyck, Łukasz, Brazier, Adam, Brisbois, Chad, Brose, Robert, Brown, Duncan A., Bulla, Mattia, Burgess, J. Michael, Burns, Eric, Chirenti, Cecilia, Ciprini, Stefano, Clay, Roger, Coughlin, Michael W., Cummings, Austin, D'Elia, Valerio, Dai, Shi, Dietrich, Tim, Di Lalla, Niccolò, Dingus, Brenda, Durocher, Mora, Eser, Johannes, Filipović, Miroslav D., Fleischhack, Henrike, Foucart, Francois, Frontczak, Michał, Fryer, Christopher L., Gamble, Ronald S., Gasparrini, Dario, Giardino, Marco, Goodman, Jordan, Harding, J. Patrick, Hare, Jeremy, Holley-Bockelmann, Kelly, Homola, Piotr, Hughes, Kaeli A., Humensky, Brian, Inoue, Yoshiyuki, Jaffe, Tess, Kargaltsev, Oleg, Kierans, Carolyn, Kneller, James P., Leto, Cristina, Lucarelli, Fabrizio, Martínez-Huerta, Humberto, Maselli, Alessandro, Meli, Athina, Meyers, Patrick, Mueller, Guido, Nasipak, Zachary, Negro, Michela, Niedźwiecki, Michał, Noble, Scott C., Omodei, Nicola, Oslowski, Stefan, Perri, Matteo, Piekarczyk, Marcin, Pittori, Carlotta, Polenta, Gianluca, Prechelt, Remy L., Principe, Giacomo, Racusin, Judith, Rzecki, Krzysztof, Sambruna, Rita M., Schlieder, Joshua E., Shoemaker, David, Smale, Alan, Sośnicki, Tomasz, Stein, Robert, Stuglik, Sławomir, Teuben, Peter, Thorpe, James Ira, Verbiest, Joris P., Verrecchia, Franceso, Vitale, Salvatore, Wadiasingh, Zorawar, Wibig, Tadeusz, Willox, Elijah, Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A., Wood, Joshua, Yang, Hui, and Zhang, Haocheng

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The last decade has brought about a profound transformation in multimessenger science. Ten years ago, facilities had been built or were under construction that would eventually discover the nature of objects in our universe could be detected through multiple messengers. Nonetheless, multimessenger science was hardly more than a dream. The rewards for our foresight were finally realized through IceCube's discovery of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux, the first observation of gravitational waves by LIGO, and the first joint detections in gravitational waves and photons and in neutrinos and photons. Today we live in the dawn of the multimessenger era. The successes of the multimessenger campaigns of the last decade have pushed multimessenger science to the forefront of priority science areas in both the particle physics and the astrophysics communities. Multimessenger science provides new methods of testing fundamental theories about the nature of matter and energy, particularly in conditions that are not reproducible on Earth. This white paper will present the science and facilities that will provide opportunities for the particle physics community renew its commitment and maintain its leadership in multimessenger science., Comment: 174 pages, 12 figures. Contribution to Snowmass 2021. Solicited white paper from CF07. Comments and endorsers welcome. Still accepting contributions (contact editors)

Published
2022

4. The Future of Gamma-Ray Experiments in the MeV-EeV Range

Author

Engel, Kristi, Goodman, Jordan, Huentemeyer, Petra, Kierans, Carolyn, Lewis, Tiffany R., Negro, Michela, Santander, Marcos, Williams, David A., Allen, Alice, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Batista, Rafael Alves, Benoit, Mathieu, Bloser, Peter, Bohon, Jennifer, Bolotnikov, Aleksey E., Brewer, Isabella, Briggs, Michael S., Brisbois, Chad, Burgess, J. Michael, Burns, Eric, Caputo, Regina, Carini, Gabriella A., Cenko, S. Bradley, Charles, Eric, Ciprini, Stefano, D'Elia, Valerio, Daylan, Tansu, Distel, James, Donath, Axel, Duvall, Wade, Fleischhack, Henrike, Fletcher, Corinne, Fong, Wen Fe, Gasparrini, Dario, Giardino, Marco, Goldstein, Adam, Griffin, Sean, Grove, J. Eric, Hamburg, Rachel, Harding, J. Patrick, Hare, Jeremy, Hristov, Boyan, Hui, C. Michelle, Jaffe, Tess, Jenke, Pete, Kargaltsev, Oleg, Karwin, Christopher M., Kerr, Matthew, Kim, Dongsung, Kocevski, Daniel, Krizmanic, John, Laha, Ranjan, Di Lalla, Niccolo, Legere, Jason, Leto, Cristina, Leys, Richard, Lucarelli, Fabrizio, Martinez-Castellanos, Israel, Maselli, Alessandro, Mazziotta, M. Nicola, McConnell, Mark, McEnery, Julie, Metcalfe, Jessica, Meyer, Manuel, Moiseev, Alexander A., Mukherjee, Reshmi, Ogasawara, Keiichi, Omodei, Nicola, Peric, Ivan, Perkins, Jeremy S., Perri, Matteo, Pittori, Carlotta, Polenta, Gianluca, Poulson, Daniel, Preece, Robert, Principe, Giacomo, Racusin, Judith L., Roberts, Oliver, Rodd, Nicholas L., Shawhan, Peter, Shutt, Thomas, Sleator, Clio, Smale, Alan, Smedley, John, Smith, Jacob R., Tasson, Jay, Teuben, Peter, Tomsick, John, Veres, Peter, Verrecchia, Francesco, Wadiasingh, Zorawar, Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A., Wood, Joshua, Woolf, Richard S., Yang, Hui, Zhang, Bing, Zhang, Haocheng, and Zoglauer, Andreas

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Gamma-rays, the most energetic photons, carry information from the far reaches of extragalactic space with minimal interaction or loss of information. They bring messages about particle acceleration in environments so extreme they cannot be reproduced on earth for a closer look. Gamma-ray astrophysics is so complementary with collider work that particle physicists and astroparticle physicists are often one in the same. Gamma-ray instruments, especially the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, have been pivotal in major multi-messenger discoveries over the past decade. There is presently a great deal of interest and scientific expertise available to push forward new technologies, to plan and build space- and ground-based gamma-ray facilities, and to build multi-messenger networks with gamma rays at their core. It is therefore concerning that before the community comes together for planning exercises again, much of that infrastructure could be lost to a lack of long-term planning for support of gamma-ray astrophysics. Gamma-rays with energies from the MeV to the EeV band are therefore central to multiwavelength and multi-messenger studies to everything from astroparticle physics with compact objects, to dark matter studies with diffuse large scale structure. These goals and new discoveries have generated a wave of new gamma-ray facility proposals and programs. This paper highlights new and proposed gamma-ray technologies and facilities that have each been designed to address specific needs in the measurement of extreme astrophysical sources that probe some of the most pressing questions in fundamental physics for the next decade. The proposed instrumentation would also address the priorities laid out in the recent Astro2020 Decadal Survey, a complementary study by the astrophysics community that provides opportunities also relevant to Snowmass., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021

Published
2022

5. Incremental Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog

Author

collaboration, Fermi-LAT, Abdollahi, Soheila, Acero, Fabio, Baldini, Luca, Ballet, Jean, Bastieri, Denis, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Berenji, Bijan, Berretta, Alessandra, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Blandford, Roger D., Bloom, Elliott, Bonino, Raffaella, Brill, Ari, Britto, Richard J., Bruel, Philippe, Burnett, Toby H., Buson, Sara, Cameron, Rob A., Caputo, Regina, Caraveo, Patrizia A., Castro, Daniel, Chaty, Sylvain, Cheung, Teddy C., Chiaro, Graziano, Cibrario, Nicolo, Ciprini, Stefano, Coronado-Blazquez, Javier, Crnogorcevic, Milena, Cutini, Sara, D'Ammando, Filippo, De Gaetano, Salvatore, Digel, Seth W., Di Lalla, Niccolo, Dirirsa, Feraol F., Di Venere, Leonardo, Dominguez, Alberto, Ramazani, Vandad Fallah, Fegan, Stephen J., Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiori, Alessio, Fleischhack, Henrike, Franckowiak, Anna, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Funk, Stefan, Fusco, Piergiorgio, Galanti, Giorgio, Gammaldi, Viviana, Gargano, Fabio, Garrappa, Simone, Gasparrini, Dario, Giacchino, Federica, Giglietto, Nico, Giordano, Francesco, Giroletti, Marcello, Glanzman, Thomas, Green, David, Grenier, Isabelle A., Grondin, Marie-Helene, Guillemot, Lucas, Guiriec, Sylvain, Gustafsson, Michael, Harding, Alice K., Hays, Liz, Hewitt, John W., Horan, Deirdre, Hou, Xian, Johannesson, Gudlaugur, Karwin, Christopher M., Kayanoki, Taishu, Kerr, Matthew T., Kuss, Michael, Landriu, David, Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, Luca, Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne, Li, Jian, Liodakis, Ioannis, Longo, Francesco, Loparco, Francesco, Lott, Benoit, Lubrano, Pasquale, Maldera, Simone, Malyshev, Dmitry, Manfreda, Alberto, Marti-Devesa, Guillem, Mazziotta, Mario N., Mereu, Isabella, Meyer, Manuel, Michelson, Peter F., Mirabal, Nestor, Mitthumsiri, Warit, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Moiseev, Alex A., Monzani, Maria E., Morselli, Aldo, Moskalenko, Igor V., Negro, Michela, Nuss, Eric, Omodei, Nicola, Orienti, Monica, Orlando, Elena, Paneque, David, Pei, Zhiyuan, Perkins, Jeremy S., Persic, Massimo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrosian, Vahe, Pillera, Roberta, Poon, Helen, Porter, Troy A., Principe, Giacomo, Raino, Silvia, Rando, Riccardo, Rani, Bindu, Razzano, Massimiliano, Razzaque, Soebur, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Reposeur, Thierry, Sanchez-Conde, Miguel A., Parkinson, Pablo M. Saz, Scotton, Lorenzo, Serini, Davide, Sgro, Carmelo, Siskind, Eric J., Smith, David A., Spandre, Gloria, Spinelli, Paolo, Sueoka, Kohei, Suson, Dan J., Tajima, Hiro, Tak, Dongguen, Thayer, Jana B., Thompson, David J., Torres, Diego F., Troja, Eleonora, Valverde, Janeth, Wood, Kent, and Zaharijas, Gabrijela

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present an incremental version (4FGL-DR3, for Data Release 3) of the fourth Fermi-LAT catalog of gamma-ray sources. Based on the first twelve years of science data in the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV, it contains 6658 sources. The analysis improves on that used for the 4FGL catalog over eight years of data: more sources are fit with curved spectra, we introduce a more robust spectral parameterization for pulsars, and we extend the spectral points to 1 TeV. The spectral parameters, spectral energy distributions, and associations are updated for all sources. Light curves are rebuilt for all sources with 1 yr intervals (not 2 month intervals). Among the 5064 original 4FGL sources, 16 were deleted, 112 are formally below the detection threshold over 12 yr (but are kept in the list), while 74 are newly associated, 10 have an improved association, and seven associations were withdrawn. Pulsars are split explicitly between young and millisecond pulsars. Pulsars and binaries newly detected in LAT sources, as well as more than 100 newly classified blazars, are reported. We add three extended sources and 1607 new point sources, mostly just above the detection threshold, among which eight are considered identified, and 699 have a plausible counterpart at other wavelengths. We discuss degree-scale residuals to the global sky model and clusters of soft unassociated point sources close to the Galactic plane, which are possibly related to limitations of the interstellar emission model and missing extended sources., Comment: accepted in ApJS; follow-up paper to 1902.10045

Published
2022
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6. On the physical association of Fermi-LAT blazars with their low-energy counterparts

Author

de Menezes, Raniere, D'Abrusco, Raffaele, Massaro, Francesco, Gasparrini, Dario, and Nemmen, Rodrigo

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Associating gamma-ray sources to their low-energy counterparts is one of the major challenges of modern gamma-ray astronomy. In the context of the Fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope Source Catalog (4FGL), the associations rely mainly on parameters as apparent magnitude, integrated flux, and angular separation between the gamma-ray source and its low-energy candidate counterpart. In this work we propose a new use of likelihood ratio and a complementary supervised learning technique to associate gamma-ray blazars in 4FGL, based only on spectral parameters as gamma-ray photon index, mid-infrared colors and radio-loudness. In the likelihood ratio approach, we crossmatch the WISE Blazar-Like Radio-Loud Sources catalog with 4FGL and compare the resulting candidate counterparts with the sources listed in the gamma-ray blazar locus to compute an association probability for 1138 counterparts. In the supervised learning approach, we train a random forest algorithm with 869 high confidence blazar associations and 711 fake associations, and then compute an association probability for 1311 candidate counterparts. A list with all 4FGL blazar candidates of uncertain type associated by our method is provided to guide future optical spectroscopic follow up observations., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, (pre-proof version)

Published
2020
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7. All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory: Exploring the Extreme Multimessenger Universe

Author

McEnery, Julie, Barrio, Juan Abel, Agudo, Ivan, Ajello, Marco, Álvarez, José-Manuel, Ansoldi, Stefano, Anton, Sonia, Auricchio, Natalia, Stephen, John B., Baldini, Luca, Bambi, Cosimo, Baring, Matthew, Barres, Ulisses, Bastieri, Denis, Beacom, John, Beckmann, Volker, Bednarek, Wlodek, Bernard, Denis, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Bloser, Peter, Blumer, Harsha, Boettcher, Markus, Boggs, Steven, Bolotnikov, Aleksey, Bottacini, Eugenio, Bozhilov, Vladimir, Bozzo, Enrico, Briggs, Michael, Buckley, Jim, Burns, Eric, Buson, Sara, Campana, Riccardo, Caputo, Regina, Cardillo, Martina, Caroli, Ezio, Castro, Daniel, Cenko, S. Brad, Charles, Eric, Chen, Wenlei, Cheung, Teddy, Ciprini, Stefano, Coppi, Paolo, da Silva, Rui Curado, Cutini, Sara, D'Ammando, Filippo, De Angelis, Alessandro, De Becker, Michaël, De Nolfo, Georgia, Del Sordo, Stefano, Di Mauro, Mattia, Di Venere, Leonardo, Dietrich, Stefano, Digel, Seth, Dominguez, Alberto, Doro, Michele, Ferrara, Elizabeth, Fields, Brian, Finke, Justin, Foffano, Luca, Fryer, Chris, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Funk, Stefan, Gasparrini, Dario, Gelfand, Joseph, Georganopoulos, Markos, Giordano, Francesco, Giuliani, Andrea, Gouiffes, Christian, Grefenstette, Brian, Grenier, Isabelle, Griffin, Sean, Grove, Eric, Guiriec, Sylvain, Harding, Alice, Harding, Pat, Hartmann, Dieter, Hays, Elizabeth, Hernanz, Margarita, Hewitt, Jack, Holder, Jamie, Hui, Michelle, Inglis, Andrew, Johnson, Robert, Jones, Sam, Kanbach, Gottfried, Kargaltsev, Oleg, Kaufmann, Sarah, Kerr, Matthew, Kierans, Carolyn, Kislat, Fabian, Klimenko, Alexei V., Knodlseder, Jurgen, Kocveski, Daniel, Kopp, Joachim, Krawczynsiki, Henric, Krizmanic, John, Kubo, Hidetoshi, Neilson, Naoko Kurahashi, Laurent, Philippe, Lenain, Jean-Philippe, Li, Hui, Lien, Amy, Linden, Tim, Lommler, Jan, Longo, Francesco, Lovellette, Michael, López, Marcos, Manousakis, Antonios, Marcotulli, Lea, Marcowith, Alexandre, Martinez, Manel, McConnell, Marc, Metcalfe, Jessica, Meyer, Eileen, Meyer, Manuel, Mignani, Roberto, Mitchell, John, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Moiseev, Alexander, Morcuende, Daniel, Moskalenko, Igor, Moss, Michael, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Mazziotta, M. Nicola, Oberlack, Uwe, Ohno, Masanori, Oikonomou, Foteini, Ojha, Roopesh, Omodei, Nicola, Orlando, Elena, Otte, Nepomuk, Paliya, Vaidehi S, Parker, Lucas, Patricelli, Barbara, Perkins, Jeremy, Petropoulou, Maria, Pittori, Carlotta, Pohl, Martin, Porter, Troy, Prandini, Elisa, Prescod-Weinstein, Chanda, Racusin, Judith, Rando, Riccardo, Rani, Bindu, Ribó, Marc, Rodi, James, Sanchez-Conde, Miguel A., Parkinson, Pablo Saz, Schirato, Richard, Shawhan, Peter, Shrader, Chris, Smith, Jacob, Smith, Karl, Stamerra, Antonio, Stawarz, Lukasz, Strong, Andy, Stumke, Inga, Tajima, Hiro, Takahashi, Hiromitsu, Tanaka, Yasuyuki, Tatischeff, Vincent, The, Lih-Sin, Thompson, David, Tibaldo, Luigi, Tomsick, John, Uhm, Lucas, Venters, Tonia, Vestrand, Tom, Vianello, Giacomo, Wadiasingh, Zorawar, Walter, Roland, Wang, Xilu, Williams, David, Wilson-Hodge, Colleen, Wood, Matthew, Woolf, Richard, Wulf, Eric, Younes, George, Zampieri, Luca, Zane, Silvia, Zhang, Bing, Zhang, Haocheng, Zimmer, Stephan, Zoglauer, Andreas, and van der Horst, Alexander

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory (AMEGO) is a probe class mission concept that will provide essential contributions to multimessenger astrophysics in the late 2020s and beyond. AMEGO combines high sensitivity in the 200 keV to 10 GeV energy range with a wide field of view, good spectral resolution, and polarization sensitivity. Therefore, AMEGO is key in the study of multimessenger astrophysical objects that have unique signatures in the gamma-ray regime, such as neutron star mergers, supernovae, and flaring active galactic nuclei. The order-of-magnitude improvement compared to previous MeV missions also enables discoveries of a wide range of phenomena whose energy output peaks in the relatively unexplored medium-energy gamma-ray band., Comment: Astro2020 APC White Paper Updated to make small change to author list in metadata

Published
2019

8. Supermassive black holes at high redshifts

Author

Paliya, Vaidehi S., Ajello, Marco, Marcotulli, Lea, Tomsick, John, Perkins, Jeremy S., Prandini, Elisa, D'Ammando, Filippo, De Angelis, Alessandro, Thompson, David, Li, Hui, Dominguez, Alberto, Beckmann, Volker, Guiriec, Sylvain, Wadiasingh, Zorawar, Coppi, Paolo, Harding, J. Patrick, Petropoulou, Maria, Hewitt, John W., Ojha, Roopesh, Marcowith, Alexandre, Doro, Michele, Castro, Daniel, Baring, Matthew, Hays, Elizabeth, Orlando, Elena, Bozhilov, Vladimir, Agudo, Ivan, Venters, Tonia, McEnery, Julie, The, Lih-Sin, Hartmann, Dieter, Buson, Sara, Longo, Francesco, and Gasparrini, Dario

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

MeV blazars are the most luminous persistent sources in the Universe and emit most of their energy in the MeV band. These objects display very large jet powers and accretion luminosities and are known to host black holes with a mass often exceeding $10^9 M_{\odot}$. An MeV survey, performed by a new generation MeV telescope which will bridge the entire energy and sensitivity gap between the current generation of hard X-ray and gamma-ray instruments, will detect $>$1000 MeV blazars up to a redshift of $z=5-6$. Here we show that this would allow us: 1) to probe the formation and growth mechanisms of supermassive black holes at high redshifts, 2) to pinpoint the location of the emission region in powerful blazars, 3) to determine how accretion and black hole spin interplay to power the jet., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure. Submitted to the Astro2020 call for Science White Papers

Published
2019

9. Challenges in reconciling observations and theory of the brightest high-energy flare ever of 3C 279

Author

Bottacini, Böttcher, Markus, Pian, Elena, Collmar, Werner, and Gasparrini, Dario

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Recent high-energy missions have allowed keeping watch over blazars in flaring states, which provide deep insights into the engine powered by supermassive black holes. However, having a quasar caught in a very bright flaring state is not easy requiring long surveys. Therefore, the observation of such flaring events represents a goldmine for theoretical studies. Such a flaring event was captured by the INTEGRAL mission in June 2015 while performing its (as of today) deepest extragalactic survey when it caught the prominent blazar 3C~279 in its brightest flare ever recorded at gamma-ray energies. The flare was simultaneously recorded by the Fermi gamma-ray mission, by the Swift mission, by the INTEGRAL mission and by observations ranging from UV, through optical to the near-IR bands. The derived snapshot of this broad spectral energy distribution of the flare has been modeled in the context of a one-zone radiation transfer leptonic and lepto-hadronic models constraining the single emission components. The derived parameters of both models challenge the physical conditions in the jet. However, very recently published very-high-energy (VHE) data at TeV energies are very close to our lepto-hadronic model., Comment: ICRC 2017 conference proceeding

Published
2018

10. Multiwavelength picture of the blazar S5 0716+714 during its brightest outburst

Author

Manganaro, Marina, Pedaletti, Giovanna, Doert, Marlene, Bastieri, Denis, Ramazani, Vandad Fallah, Gasparrini, Dario, Lindfors, Elina, Lott, Benoit, Nievas, Mireia, Rani, Bindu, Thompson, David J., Angelakis, Emmanouil, Borman, George, Gurwell, Mark, Hovatta, Talvikki, Itoh, Ryosuke, Jorstad, Svetlana, Kraus, Alex, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuin, Paul, Lähteenmäki, Anne, Larionov, Valeri, Lien, Amy Yarleen, Myserlis, Ioannis, Tornikoski, Merja, Troitsky, Ivan, and Zensus, J. Anton

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

S5 0716+714 is a well known BL Lac object, one of the brightest and most active blazars. The discovery in the Very High Energy band (VHE, E > 100 GeV) by MAGIC happened in 2008. In January 2015 the source went through the brightest optical state ever observed, triggering MAGIC follow-up and a VHE detection with 13{\sigma} significance (ATel 6999). Rich multiwavelength coverage of the flare allowed us to construct the broad-band spectral energy distribution of S5 0716+714 during its brightest outburst. In this work we will present the preliminary analysis of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT data of the flaring activity in January and February 2015 for the HE (0.1 < HE < 300 GeV) and VHE band, together with radio (Mets\"ahovi, OVRO, VLBA, Effelsberg), sub-millimeter (SMA), optical (Tuorla, Perkins, Steward, AZT-8+ST7, LX-200, Kanata), X-ray and UV (Swift-XRT and UVOT), in the same time-window and discuss the time variability of the multiwavelength light curves during this impressive outburst., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, proceeding of the JETS 2016 conference

Published
2017
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11. The 1st Fermi Lat Supernova Remnant Catalog

Author

Acero, Fabio, Ackermann, Markus, Ajello, Marco, Baldini, Luca, Ballet, Jean, Barbiellini, Guido, Bastieri, Denis, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bissaldi, E., Blandford, Roger, Bloom, E. D., Bonino, Raffaella, Bottacini, Eugenio, Bregeon, J., Bruel, Philippe, Buehler, Rolf, Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, Rob A., Caputo, R, Caragiulo, Micaela, Caraveo, Patrizia A., Casandjian, Jean Marc, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Cecchi, Claudia, Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, Stefano, Claus, R., Cohen, J. M., Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Cominsky, L. R., Condon, B., Conrad, Jan, Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., Angelis, A., Palma, F., Desiante, Rachele, Digel, S. W., Venere, L., Drell, Persis S, Drlica-Wagner, Alex, Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Franckowiak, Anna, Fukazawa, Prof. Yasushi, Funk, Prof. Stefan, Fusco, P., Gargano, Fabio, Gasparrini, Dario, Giglietto, Nicola, Giommi, Paolo, Giordano, Francesco, Giroletti, Marcello, Glanzman, Tom, Godfrey, Gary, Gomez-Vargas, G A., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. -H., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, Sylvain, Gustafsson, M, Hadasch, D., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hays, Elizabeth, Hewitt, J. W., Hill, A. B., Horan, Deirdre, Hou, X., Iafrate, Giulia, Jogler, Tobias, J'ohannesson, G., Johnson, Anthony S., Kamae, T., Katagiri, Hideaki, Kataoka, Prof. Jun, Katsuta, Junichiro, Kerr, Matthew, Knodlseder, J., Kocevski, Prof. Dale, Kuss, M., Laffon, Helene, Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, Luca, Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne, Li, J., Li, L., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, Francesco, Lovellette, Michael N., Lubrano, Pasquale, Magill, J., Maldera, S., Marelli, Martino, Mayer, Michael, Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, Peter F., Mitthumsiri, Warit, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Moiseev, Alexander A., Monzani, Maria Elena, Moretti, E., Morselli, Aldo, Moskalenko, Igor V., Murgia, Prof. Simona, Nemmen, Prof. Rodrigo, Nuss, Eric, Ohsugi, Takashi, Omodei, Nicola, Orienti, Monica, Orlando, Elena, Ormes, Jonathan F., Paneque, David, Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrosian, Prof. Vahe', Piron, Frederic, Pivato, Giovanna, Porter, Troy, Rain`o, S., Rando, Riccardo, Razzano, Massimiliano, Razzaque, Soebur, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Prof. Olaf, Renaud, Matthieu, Reposeur, Thierry, Rousseau, Mr. Romain, Parkinson, P. M., Schmid, J., Schulz, A., Sgr`o, C., Siskind, Eric J, Spada, Francesca, Spandre, Gloria, Spinelli, Paolo, Strong, Andrew W., Suson, Daniel, Tajima, Hiro, Takahashi, Hiromitsu, Tanaka, T., Thayer, Jana B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, Omar, Torres, Prof. Diego F., Tosti, Gino, Troja, Eleonora, Uchiyama, Yasunobu, Vianello, G., Wells, B., Wood, Kent, Wood, M., Yassine, Manal, and Zimmer, Stephan

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

To uniformly determine the properties of supernova remnants (SNRs) at high energies, we have developed the first systematic survey at energies from 1 to 100 GeV using data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Based on the spatial overlap of sources detected at GeV energies with SNRs known from radio surveys, we classify 30 sources as likely GeV SNRs. We also report 14 marginal associations and 245 flux upper limits. A mock catalog in which the positions of known remnants are scrambled in Galactic longitude, allows us to determine an upper limit of 22% on the number of GeV candidates falsely identified as SNRs. We have also developed a method to estimate spectral and spatial systematic errors arising from the diffuse interstellar emission model, a key component of all Galactic Fermi LAT analyses. By studying remnants uniformly in aggregate, we measure the GeV properties common to these objects and provide a crucial context for the detailed modeling of individual SNRs. Combining our GeV results with multiwavelength (MW) data, including radio, X-ray, and TeV, demonstrates the need for improvements to previously sufficient, simple models describing the GeV and radio emission from these objects. We model the GeV and MW emission from SNRs in aggregate to constrain their maximal contribution to observed Galactic cosmic rays., Comment: Resubmitted to ApJS

Published
2015
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12. The 3rd Catalog of AGN Detected by the Fermi LAT

Author

Gasparrini, Dario, Lott, Benoit, Cutini, Sara, Ciprini, Stefano, and Cavazzuti, Elisabetta

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The third catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (3LAC) is presented. It is based on the third catalog (3FGL,\cite{3FGL}) of sources detected with a test statistic greater than 25, using the first 4 years of data. The 3LAC includes 1591 AGNs located at high ($|b|>10^\circ$) Galactic latitudes (with 28 duplicate associations, thus corresponding to 1563 gamma-ray sources among 2192 sources in the 3FGL catalog), providing $71\%$ more sources with respect to the 2FGL. Various properties, such as gamma-ray fluxes and photon power law spectral indices, redshifts, gamma-ray luminosities, variability, and their correlations are presented and discussed for the different blazar and non-blazar classes., Comment: 8 pages; in Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2015), The Hague (The Netherlands)

Published
2015

13. A MST algorithm for source detection in gamma-ray images

Author

Campana, Riccardo, Massaro, Enrico, Gasparrini, Dario, Cutini, Sara, and Tramacere, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We developed a source detection algorithm based on the Minimal Spanning Tree (MST), that is a graph-theoretical method useful for finding clusters in a given set of points. This algorithm is applied to gamma-ray bidimensional images where the points correspond to the arrival direction of photons, and the possible sources are associated with the regions where they clusterize. Some filters to select these clusters and to reduce the spurious detections are introduced. An empirical study of the statistical properties of MST on random fields is carried in order to derive some criteria to estimate the best filter values. We introduce also two parameters useful to verify the goodness of candidate sources. To show how the MST algorithm works in the practice, we present an application to an EGRET observation of the Virgo field, at high galactic latitude and with a low and rather uniform background, in which several sources are detected., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2007
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14. Incremental Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog

Author

Abdollahi, Soheila, Acero, Fabio, Bloom, Elliott, Orienti, Monica, Orlando, Elena, Paneque, David, Pei, Zhiyuan, Perkins, Jeremy S., Persic, Massimo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrosian, Vahe, Pillera, Roberta, Poon, Helen, Bonino, Raffaella, Porter, Troy A., Principe, Giacomo, Raino, Silvia, Rando, Riccardo, Rani, Bindu, Razzano, Massimiliano, Razzaque, Soebur, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Reposeur, Thierry, Brill, Ari, Sanchez-Conde, Miguel A., Saz Parkinson, Pablo M., Scotton, Lorenzo, Serini, Davide, Sgro, Carmelo, Siskind, Eric J., Smith, David A., Spandre, Gloria, Spinelli, Paolo, Sueoka, Kohei, Britto, Richard J., Suson, Dan J., Tajima, Hiro, Tak, Dongguen, Thayer, Jana B., Thompson, David J., Torres, Diego F., Troja, Eleonora, Valverde, Janeth, Wood, Kent, Zaharijas, Gabrijela, Bruel, Philippe, Fermi-LAT Collaboration, Burnett, Toby H., Buson, Sara, Cameron, Rob A., Caputo, Regina, Caraveo, Patrizia A., Baldini, Luca, Castro, Daniel, Chaty, Sylvain, Cheung, Teddy C., Chiaro, Graziano, Cibrario, Nicolo, Ciprini, Stefano, Coronado-Blazquez, Javier, Crnogorcevic, Milena, Cutini, Sara, D'Ammando, Filippo, Ballet, Jean, De Gaetano, Salvatore, Digel, Seth W., Di Lalla, Niccolo, Dirirsa, Feraol F., Di Venere, Leonardo, Dominguez, Alberto, Fallah Ramazani, Vandad, Fegan, Stephen J., Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiori, Alessio, Bastieri, Denis, Fleischhack, Henrike, Franckowiak, Anna, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Funk, Stefan, Fusco, Piergiorgio, Galanti, Giorgio, Gammaldi, Viviana, Gargano, Fabio, Garrappa, Simone, Gasparrini, Dario, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Giacchino, Federica, Giglietto, Nico, Giordano, Francesco, Giroletti, Marcello, Glanzman, Thomas, Green, David, Grenier, Isabelle A., Grondin, Marie-Helene, Guillemot, Lucas, Guiriec, Sylvain, Berenji, Bijan, Gustafsson, Michael, Harding, Alice K., Hays, Liz, Hewitt, John W., Hays, E., Horan, Deirdre, Hou, Xian, Johannesson, Gudlaugur, Karwin, Christopher M., Kayanoki, Taishu, Berretta, Alessandra, Kerr, Matthew T., Kuss, Michael, Landriu, David, Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, Luca, Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne, Li, Jian, Liodakis, Ioannis, Longo, Francesco, Loparco, Francesco, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Lott, Benoit, Lubrano, Pasquale, Maldera, Simone, Malyshev, Dmitry, Manfreda, Alberto, Marti-Devesa, Guillem, Mazziotta, Mario N., Mereu, Isabella, Meyer, Manuel, Michelson, Peter F., Blandford, Roger D., Mirabal, Nestor, Mitthumsiri, Warit, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Moiseev, Alex A., Monzani, Maria E., Morselli, Aldo, Moskalenko, Igor V., Negro, Michela, Nuss, Eric, Omodei, Nicola, European Space Agency, National Science Foundation (US), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Department of Energy (US), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxies, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, Space and Planetary Science, BL Lacertae Object, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, ddc:520, ddc:530, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Blazars
Abstract

Abdollahi et al., We present an incremental version (4FGL-DR3, for Data Release 3) of the fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) catalog of γ-ray sources. Based on the first 12 years of science data in the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV, it contains 6658 sources. The analysis improves on that used for the 4FGL catalog over eight years of data: more sources are fit with curved spectra, we introduce a more robust spectral parameterization for pulsars, and we extend the spectral points to 1 TeV. The spectral parameters, spectral energy distributions, and associations are updated for all sources. Light curves are rebuilt for all sources with 1 yr intervals (not 2 month intervals). Among the 5064 original 4FGL sources, 16 were deleted, 112 are formally below the detection threshold over 12 yr (but are kept in the list), while 74 are newly associated, 10 have an improved association, and seven associations were withdrawn. Pulsars are split explicitly between young and millisecond pulsars. Pulsars and binaries newly detected in LAT sources, as well as more than 100 newly classified blazars, are reported. We add three extended sources and 1607 new point sources, mostly just above the detection threshold, among which eight are considered identified, and 699 have a plausible counterpart at other wavelengths. We discuss the degree-scale residuals to the global sky model and clusters of soft unassociated point sources close to the Galactic plane, which are possibly related to limitations of the interstellar emission model and missing extended sources., The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Études Spatiales in France. This work is performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. This work made extensive use of the ATNF pulsar catalog 102 (Manchester et al. 2005). This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED; 2019), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and of archival data, software, and online services provided by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC) operated by the Italian Space Agency.

Published
2022
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16. Einstein@Home discovers a radio-quiet gamma-ray millisecond pulsar

Author

Clark, Colin J., Pletsch, Holger J., Aulbert, Carsten, Orienti, Monica, Orlando, Elena, Palatiello, Michele, Paliya, Vaidehi S., de Palma, Francesco, Paneque, David, Perkins, Jeremy S., Persic, Massimo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Porter, Troy A., Beer, Christian, Principe, Giacomo, Rainò, Silvia, Rando, Riccardo, Ray, Paul S., Razzano, Massimiliano, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Romani, Roger W., Saz Parkinson, Pablo M., Sgrò, Carmelo, Bock, Oliver, Siskind, Eric J., Smith, David A., Spada, Francesca, Spandre, Gloria, Spinelli, Paolo, Thayer, Jana B., Thompson, David J., Torres, Diego F., Troja, Eleonora, Vianello, Giacomo, Cuéllar, Andres, Wood, Kent, Wood, Matthew, Fermi-LAT Collaboration, Eggenstein, Heinz-Bernd, Fehrmann, Henning, Kramer, Michael, Kwang, Shawn A., Machenschalk, Bernd, Nieder, Lars, Wu, Jason, Ackermann, Markus, Ajello, Marco, Baldini, Luca, Ballet, Jean, Barbiellini, Guido, Bastieri, Denis, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Blandford, Roger D., Bloom, Elliott D., Guillemot, Lucas, Bonino, Raffaella, Bottacini, Eugenio, Brandt, Terri J., Bregeon, Johan, Bruel, Philippe, Buehler, Rolf, Burnett, Toby H., Buson, Sara, Cameron, Rob A., Caputo, Regina, Kerr, Matthew, Caraveo, Patrizia A., Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Cecchi, Claudia, Charles, Eric, Chekhtman, Alexandre, Ciprini, Stefano, Cominsky, Lynn R., Costantin, Denise, Cutini, Sara, D'Ammando, Filippo, Johnson, Tyrel J., De Luca, Andrea, Desiante, Rachele, Di Venere, Leonardo, Di Mauro, Mattia, Di Lalla, Niccolò, Digel, Seth W., Favuzzi, Cecilia, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Franckowiak, Anna, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Camilo, Fernando, Funk, Stefan, Fusco, Piergiorgio, Gargano, Fabio, Gasparrini, Dario, Giglietto, Nico, Giordano, Francesco, Giroletti, Marcello, Gomez-Vargas, Germán A., Green, David, Grenier, Isabelle A., Salvetti, David, Guiriec, Sylvain, Harding, Alice K., Hewitt, John W., Horan, Deirdre, Jóhannesson, Guðlaugur, Kensei, Shiki, Kuss, Michael, La Mura, Giovanni, Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, Luca, Allen, Bruce, Li, Jian, Longo, Francesco, Loparco, Francesco, Lovellette, Michael N., Lubrano, Pasquale, Magill, Jeffrey D., Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Mazziotta, Mario N., McEnery, Julie E., Anderson, David, Michelson, Peter F., Mirabal, Nestor, Mitthumsiri, Warit, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Monzani, Maria Elena, Morselli, Aldo, Moskalenko, Igor V., Nuss, Eric, Ohsugi, Takashi, Omodei, Nicola, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace ( LPC2E ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay ( USN ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire AIM, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier ( LUPM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet ( LLR ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan ( CENBG ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Raunvísindastofnun (HÍ), Science Institute (UI), Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI), Háskóli Íslands, University of Iceland, Clark, Colin J., Pletsch, Holger J., Wu, Jason, Guillemot, Luca, Kerr, Matthew, Johnson, Tyrel J., Camilo, Fernando, Salvetti, David, Allen, Bruce, Anderson, David, Aulbert, Carsten, Beer, Christian, Bock, Oliver, Cuéllar, Andre, Eggenstein, Heinz-Bernd, Fehrmann, Henning, Kramer, Michael, Kwang, Shawn A., Machenschalk, Bernd, Nieder, Lar, Ackermann, Marku, Ajello, Marco, Baldini, Luca, Ballet, Jean, Barbiellini, Guido, Bastieri, Deni, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Blandford, Roger D., Bloom, Elliott D., Bonino, Raffaella, Bottacini, Eugenio, Brandt, Terri J., Bregeon, Johan, Bruel, Philippe, Buehler, Rolf, Burnett, Toby H., Buson, Sara, Cameron, Rob A., Caputo, Regina, Caraveo, Patrizia A., Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Cecchi, Claudia, Charles, Eric, Chekhtman, Alexandre, Ciprini, Stefano, Cominsky, Lynn R., Costantin, Denise, Cutini, Sara, D'Ammando, Filippo, De Luca, Andrea, Desiante, Rachele, Di Venere, Leonardo, Di Mauro, Mattia, Di Lalla, Niccolò, Digel, Seth W., Favuzzi, Cecilia, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Franckowiak, Anna, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Funk, Stefan, Fusco, Piergiorgio, Gargano, Fabio, Gasparrini, Dario, Giglietto, Nico, Giordano, Francesco, Giroletti, Marcello, Gomez-Vargas, Germán A., Green, David, Grenier, Isabelle A., Guiriec, Sylvain, Harding, Alice K., Hewitt, John W., Horan, Deirdre, Jóhannesson, Guolaugur, Kensei, Shiki, Kuss, Michael, La Mura, Giovanni, Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, Luca, Li, Jian, Longo, Francesco, Loparco, Francesco, Lovellette, Michael N., Lubrano, Pasquale, Magill, Jeffrey D., Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Mazziotta, Mario N., Mcenery, Julie E., Michelson, Peter F., Mirabal, Nestor, Mitthumsiri, Warit, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Monzani, Maria Elena, Morselli, Aldo, Moskalenko, Igor V., Nuss, Eric, Ohsugi, Takashi, Omodei, Nicola, Orienti, Monica, Orlando, Elena, Palatiello, Michele, Paliya, Vaidehi S., De Palma, Francesco, Paneque, David, Perkins, Jeremy S., Persic, Massimo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Porter, Troy A., Principe, Giacomo, Rainò, Silvia, Rando, Riccardo, Ray, Paul S., Razzano, Massimiliano, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Romani, Roger W., Parkinson, Pablo M. Saz, Sgrò, Carmelo, Siskind, Eric J., Smith, David A., Spada, Francesca, Spandre, Gloria, Spinelli, Paolo, Thayer, Jana B., Thompson, David J., Torres, Diego F., Troja, Eleonora, Vianello, Giacomo, Wood, Kent, and Wood, Matthew

Subjects
Einstein@Home, Gammageislar, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Bulge, Millisecond pulsar, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Research Articles, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), education.field_of_study, Line-of-sight, Multidisciplinary, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Nifteindastjörnur, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, SciAdv r-articles, Computer Science::Computers and Society, Stjörnusjónaukar, Neutron star, ddc:500, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Research Article
Abstract

Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are old neutron stars that spin hundreds of times per second and appear to pulsate as their emission beams cross our line of sight. To date, radio pulsations have been detected from all rotation-powered MSPs. In an attempt to discover radio-quiet gamma-ray MSPs, we used the aggregated power from the computers of tens of thousands of volunteers participating in the Einstein@Home distributed computing project to search for pulsations from unidentified gamma-ray sources in Fermi Large Area Telescope data. This survey discovered two isolated MSPs, one of which is the only known rotation-powered MSP to remain undetected in radio observations. These gamma-ray MSPs were discovered in completely blind searches without prior constraints from other observations, raising hopes for detecting MSPs from a predicted Galactic bulge population., This work was supported by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through an Emmy Noether Research Grant [no. PL 710/1-1 (H.J.P.)], and NSF award 1104902. C.J.C. acknowledges support from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 715051; Spiders). W.M. was partially supported by the Thailand Research Fund (grants TRG5880173 and RTA5980003). M.R. was funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (contract no. FIRB-2012-RBFR12PM1F). Work at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by NASA. The Parkes Observatory is part of the Australia Telescope, funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT, as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France; the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.

Published
2018

17. All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory: Exploring the Extreme Multimessenger Universe

Author

McEnery, Julie E., van der Horst, Alexander, Dominguez, Alberto, Moiseev, Alexander, Marcowith, Alexandre, Harding, Alice, Lien, Amy, Giuliani, Andrea, Inglis, Andrew, Ansoldi, Stefano, Stamerra, Antonio, Manousakis, Antonios, Strong, Andy, Bambi, Cosimo, Patricelli, Barbara, Baring, Matthew, Barrio, Juan Abel, Bastieri, Denis, Fields, Brian, Beacom, John, Beckmann, Volker, Bednarek, Wlodek, Rani, Bindu, Boggs, Steven, Bolotnikov, Aleksey, Cenko, S. Brad, Buckley, Jim, Grefenstette, Brian, Hui, Michelle, Pittori, Carlotta, Prescod-Weinstein, Chanda, Shrader, Chris, Gouiffes, Christian, Kierans, Carolyn, Wilson-Hodge, Colleen, D'Ammando, Filippo, Castro, Daniel, Kocveski, Daniel, Gasparrini, Dario, Thompson, David, Williams, David, De Angelis, Alessandro, Bernard, Denis, Digel, Seth, Morcuende, Daniel, Charles, Eric, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Hays, Elizabeth, Ferrara, Elizabeth, Bozzo, Enrico, Grove, Eric, Wulf, Eric, Bottacini, Eugenio, Caroli, Ezio, Kislat, Fabian, Oikonomou, Foteini, Giordano, Francesco, Longo, Francesco, Fryer, Chris, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Georganopoulos, Markos, De Nolfo, Georgia, Vianello, Giacomo, Kanbach, Gottfried, Younes, George, Blumer, Harsha, Hartmann, Dieter, Hernanz, Margarita, Takahashi, Hiromitsu, Li, Hui, Agudo, Ivan, Moskalenko, Igor, Stumke, Inga, Grenier, Isabelle, Smith, Jacob, Rodi, James, Perkins, Jeremy, Gelfand, Joseph, Holder, Jamie, Knodlseder, Jurgen, Kopp, Joachim, Lenain, Jean-Philippe, Álvarez, José-Manuel, Metcalfe, Jessica, Krizmanic, John, Stephen, John B., Hewitt, Jack, Mitchell, John, Harding, Pat, Tomsick, John, Racusin, Judith, Finke, Justin, Kargaltsev, Oleg, Klimenko, Alexei V., Krawczynski, Henric, Smith, Karl, Kubo, Hidetoshi, Di Venere, Leonardo, Marcotulli, Lea, Lommler, Jan, Parker, Lucas, Baldini, Luca, Foffano, Luca, Zampieri, Luca, Tibaldo, Luigi, Petropoulou, Maria, Ajello, Marco, Meyer, Manuel, López, Marcos, McConnell, Marc, Boettcher, Markus, Cardillo, Martina, Martinez, Manel, Kerr, Matthew, Mazziotta, M. Nicola, Di Mauro, Mattia, Wood, Matthew, Meyer, Eileen, Briggs, Michael, De Becker, Michaël, Lovellette, Michael, Doro, Michele, Sanchez-Conde, Miguel A., Moss, Michael, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Ribó, Marc, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Neilson, Naoko Kurahashi, Auricchio, Natalia, Omodei, Nicola, Oberlack, Uwe, Ohno, Masanori, Orlando, Elena, Otte, Nepomuk, Coppi, Paolo, Bloser, Peter, Zhang, Haocheng, Laurent, Philippe, Pohl, Martin, Prandini, Elisa, Shawhan, Peter, Caputo, Regina, Campana, Riccardo, Rando, Riccardo, Woolf, Richard, Johnson, Robert, Mignani, Roberto, Walter, Roland, Ojha, Roopesh, da Silva, Rui Curado, Dietrich, Stefano, Funk, Stefan, Zane, Silvia, Anton, Sonia, Buson, Sara, Cutini, Sara, Saz Parkinson, Pablo, Schirato, Richard, Griffin, Sean, Kaufmann, S., Stawarz, Łukasz, Ciprini, Stefano, Del Sordo, Stefano, Jones, Sam, Guiriec, Sylvain, Tajima, Hiro, Cheung, Teddy, The, Lih-Sin, Venters, Tonia, Porter, Troy, Linden, Tim, Barres, Ulisses, Paliya, Vaidehi S., Bozhilov, Vladimir, Vestrand, Tom, Tatischeff, Vincent, Chen, Wenlei, Wang, Xilu, Tanaka, Yasuyuki, Uhm, Lucas, Zhang, Bing, Zimmer, Stephan, Zoglauer, Andreas, and Wadiasingh, Zorawar

Subjects
astro-ph.HE, Astro-ph.IM, astro-ph.IM
Published
2019

18. Supermassive black holes at high redshifts

Author

Ajello, Marco, Paliya, Vaidehi, Marcotulli, Lea, Perkins, Jeremy S., PRANDINI, ELISA, D'AMMANDO, FILIPPO, DE ANGELIS, ALESSANDRO, Thompson, David, LI, HUI, Dominguez, Alberto, Beckmann, Volker, Guiriec, Sylvain, Wadiasingh, Zorawar, Coppi, Paolo, Harding, J. Patrick, Petropoulou, Maria, Hewitt, John W., Ojha, Roopesh, Marcowith, Alexandre, DORO, MICHELE, Castro, Daniel, Baring, Matthew, Hays, Elizabeth, ORLANDO, ELENA, Bozhilov, Vladimir, Tomsick, John, Agudo, Ivan, Venters, Tonia, McEnery, Julie, The, Lih-Sin, Hartmann, Dieter, Buson, Sara, Longo, Francesco, GASPARRINI, Dario, ITA, and USA

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

MeV blazars are the most luminous sources in the Universe and host supermassive black holes. An MeV survey will detect >1000 of them up to z > 5. This would allow us: to probe the formation and growth of massive black holes at high z; to pinpoint the emission region location in blazars; to determine the interplay of accretion and black hole spin.

Published
2019

19. Science with e-ASTROGAM

Author

De Angelis, A., Tatischeff, V., Grenier, I. A., Mcenery, J., Mallamaci, Manuela, Tavani, M., Oberlack, U., Hanlon, L., Walter, R., Argan, A., Von Ballmoos, P., Bulgarelli, A., Bykov, A., Hernanz, M., Kanbach, G., Kuvvetli, I., Pearce, MARK JOHN, Zdziarski, A., Conrad, J., Ghisellini, Giulia, Harding, ANTHONY FILMER, Isern, J., Leising, M., Longo, F., Madejski, G., Martinez, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Paredes, J. M., Pohl, M., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Aboudan, A., Ackermann, M., Addazi, A., Ajello, M., Albertus, C., Álvarez, J. M., Ambrosi, G., Antón, S., Antonelli, L. A., Babic, A., Baibussinov, B., Balbo, M., Baldini, L., Balman, S., Bambi, Cosimo, Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Bartels, R., Bastieri, D., Bednarek, W., Bernard, D., Bernardini, E., Bernasconi, T., Bertucci, B., Biland, A., Bissaldi, E., Boettcher, M., Bonvicini, V., Bosch-Ramon, V., Bottacini, E., Bozhilov, V., Bretz, T., Branchesi, M., Brdar, V., Bringmann, T., Brogna, A., Budtz Jørgensen, C., Busetto, G., Buson, S., Busso, M., Caccianiga, A., Camera, Stefania, Campana, R., Caraveo, P., Cardillo, M., Carlson, P., Celestin, S., Cermeño, M., Chen, A., Cheung, C. C., Churazov, E., Ciprini, S., Coc, A., Colafrancesco, S., Coleiro, A., Collmar, W., Coppi, P., Curado da Silva, R., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., De Lotto, B., DE MARTINO, Domitilla, De Rosa, A., Del Santo, M., Delgado, L., Diehl, R., Dietrich, S., Dolgov, A. D., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Donnarumma, I., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Dutra, M., Elsaesser, D., Fabrizio, M., Fernández-Barral, A., Fioretti, V., Foffano, L., Formato, V., Fornengo, N., Foschini, L., Franceschini, A., Franckowiak, A., Funk, S., Fuschino, F., Gaggero, D., Galanti, Giulia, Gargano, F., Gasparrini, Dario, Gehrz, R., Giammaria, P., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Ghirlanda, Giuseppe, Godinovic, N., Gouiffés, C., Grove, J. E., Hamadache, C., Hartmann, D. H., Hayashida, M., Hryczuk, A., Jean, P., Johnson, T., José, J., Kaufmann, STEFAN H. E., Khelifi, B., Kiener, J., Knödlseder, J., Kole, M., Kopp, J., Kozhuharov, V., Labanti, C., Lalkovski, S., Laurent, P., Limousin, O., Linares, M., Lindfors, E., Lindner, M., Liu, Jia, Lombardi, S., Loparco, F., López-Coto, R., LOPEZ MOYA, Marcos, Lott, B., Lubrano, P., Malyshev, D., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Marchã, M. J., Marciano', Antonino, Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Marisaldi, M., Mcbreen, S., Mereghetti, Sandro, Merle, A., Mignani, R., Minervini, G., Moiseev, A., Morselli, A., Moura, F., Nakazawa, K., Nava, L., Nieto, D., Orienti, M., Orio, Marina, Orlando, E., Orleanski, P., Paiano, S., Paoletti, R., Papitto, A., Pasquato, M., Patricelli, B., Pérez-García, M. Á., Persic, M., Piano, G., Pichel, A., Pimenta, M., Pittori, C., Porter, T., Poutanen, J., Prandini, E., Prantzos, N., Produit, N., Profumo, S., Queiroz, F. S., Rainó, S., Raklev, A., Breton, REGIS MICHEL FERNAND, Reichardt, I., Rephaeli, Y., Rico, J., Rodejohann, W., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Roncadelli, M., Roso, L., Rovero, A., Ruffini, R., Sala, G., Sánchez-Conde, M. A., Santangelo, A., Saz Parkinson, P., Sbarrato, T., Shearer, A., Shellard, R., Short, K., Siegert, T., Siqueira, C., Spinelli, P., Stamerra, A., Starrfield, S., Strong, A., Strümke, I., Tavecchio, F., Taverna, R., Terzić, T., Thompson, D. J., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Turolla, R., Ulyanov, A., Ursi, A., Vacchi, A., Van den Abeele, J., Vankova-Kirilovai, G., Venter, CHRISTINE MARY, Verrecchia, F., Vincent, P., Wang, Xumei, Weniger, C., Wu, X., Zaharijaš, G., Zampieri, L., Zane, S., Zimmer, S., Zoglauer, A., and Franceschini, Alberto

Subjects
Physics, Calorimeter (particle physics), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Photon energy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Universe, Galaxy, Supernova, KM3NeT, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common
Abstract

e-ASTROGAM (enhanced ASTROGAM) is a breakthrough Observatory space mission, with a detector composed by a Silicon tracker, a calorimeter, and an anticoincidence system, dedicated to the study of the non-thermal Universe in the photon energy range from 0.3 MeV to 3 GeV - the lower energy limit can be pushed to energies as low as 150 keV for the tracker, and to 30 keV for calorimetric detection. The mission is based on an advanced space-proven detector technology, with unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolution, combined with polarimetric capability. Thanks to its performance in the MeV-GeV domain, substantially improving its predecessors, e-ASTROGAM will open a new window on the non-thermal Universe, making pioneering observations of the most powerful Galactic and extragalactic sources, elucidating the nature of their relativistic outflows and their effects on the surroundings. With a line sensitivity in the MeV energy range one to two orders of magnitude better than previous generation instruments, e-ASTROGAM will determine the origin of key isotopes fundamental for the understanding of supernova explosion and the chemical evolution of our Galaxy. The mission will provide unique data of significant interest to a broad astronomical community, complementary to powerful observatories such as LIGO-Virgo-GEO600-KAGRA, SKA, ALMA, E-ELT, TMT, LSST, JWST, Athena, CTA, IceCube, KM3NeT, and LISA.

Published
2018

20. MAGIC detection of short-term variability of the high-peaked BL Lac object 1ES 0806+524

Author

Aleksić, Jelena, Ansoldi, Stefano, Antonelli, Lucio A., Antoranz, Pedro, Babić, Ana, Bangale, Priyadarshini, Barrio, Juan A., Becerra González, Josefa, Bednarek, Włodzimierz, Bernardini, Elisa, Biasuzzi, Barbara, Biland, Adrian, Blanch, Oscar, Bonnefoy, Simon, Bonnoli, Giacomo, Borracci, F., Bretz, Thomas, Carmona, Emiliano, Carosi, Alessandro, Colin, Pierre, Colombo, E., Contreras, José L., Covino, Stefano, Da Vela, Paolo, Dazzi, Francesco, De Angelis, Alessandro, De Caneva, Gessica, De Lotto, Barbara, de Ona Wilhelmi, Emma, Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, Federico, Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, Daniela, Doro, Michele, Einecke, Sabrina, Eisenacher, Dorit, Elsäesser, Dominik, Fernández Barral, Alba, Fidalgo, David Carreto, Fonseca Gonzalez, María Victoria, Font, Lluís, Frantzen, Katharina, Fruck, Christian, García Łópez, Ramón J., Garczarczyk, Markus, Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, Markus, Godinović, Nikola, González Muñoz, A., Gozzini, Sara R., Hadasch, Daniela, Hanabata, Yoshitaka, Hayashida, Masaaki, Hose, Juergen, Hrupec, Dario, Idec, W., Kadenius, Ville, Kellermann, Hanna, Knoetig, Max L., Kodani, Kazuhito, Konno, Yusuke, Krause, Julian, Kubo, Hidetoshi, Kushida, J., La Barbera, Antonino, Lelas, Damir, Lewandowska, Natalia, Lindfors, Elina, Lombardi, Saverio, Longo, Francesco, López Moya, Marcos, López-Coto, Rubén, López-Oramas, Alicia, Lorenz, Eckhart, Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, Galina, Mannheim, Karl, Maraschi, Laura, Maríotti, Mosé, Martínez, Manel I., Mazin, Daniel, Menzel, Uta, Miranda, José M., Mirzoyan, Razmik, Moralejo, Abelardo, Munar-Adrover, Pere, Nakajima, Daisuke, Neustroev, Vitaly, Niedźwiecki, Andrzej, Nievas Rosillo, Mireia, Nilsson, Kari, Nishijima, Kyoshi, Noda, Koji, Orito, Reiko, Overkemping, A.K., Paiano, Simona, Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, David, Paoletti, Riccardo, Paredes, Josep M., Paredes-Fortuny, Xavier, Persic, Massimo, Poutanen, Juri, Prada Moroni, Pier G., Prandini, Elisa, Puljak, Ivica, Reinthal, Riho, Rhode, Wolfgang, Ribó, Marc, Rico, Javier, Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, Takayuki Y., Saito, Koji, Satalecka, Konstancja, Scalzotto, Villi, Scapin, Valeria, Schultz, Cornelia, Schweizer, Thomas, Shore, Steven N., Sillanpää, Aimo K., Sitarek, Julian, Šnidarić, I., Sobczyńska, Dorota, Stamerra, Antonio, Steinbring, T., Strzys, Marcel C., Takalo, Leo, Takami, Hajime, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Terzić, Tomislav, Tescaro, Diego, Teshima, Masahiro, Thaele, Julia, Torres, Diego F., Toyama, Takeshi, Treves, Aldo, Vogler, Patrick, Will, Martin, Zanin, Roberta, Berger, Karsten, Buson, Sara, D'Ammando, Filippo, Gasparrini, Dario, Hovatta, Talvikki, Max-Moerbeck, Walter, and Readhead, Anthony C.S.

Subjects
Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Galaxies: jets, BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 0806+524, Galaxies: active, non-thermal, Gamma-rays: galaxies [Radiation mechanisms], Gamma-rays: galaxies
Abstract

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 451 (1), ISSN:0035-8711, ISSN:1365-2966, ISSN:1365-8711

Published
2015
Full Text
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21. The origin of the extragalactic gamma-ray background and implications for dark matter annihilation

Author

Ajello, M., Hartmann, Dieter, Gasparrini, Dario, Sánchez-Conde, Miguel, Franckowiak, Anna, Romani, Roger R.W., Zaharijas, Gabrijela, Gustafsson, Michael, Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Dermer, Charles C.D., Inoue, Yoko, Ackermann, Markus, Bechtol, Keith, Reimer, Anita, Strong, A.W. A.W., Ajello, M., Hartmann, Dieter, Gasparrini, Dario, Sánchez-Conde, Miguel, Franckowiak, Anna, Romani, Roger R.W., Zaharijas, Gabrijela, Gustafsson, Michael, Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Dermer, Charles C.D., Inoue, Yoko, Ackermann, Markus, Bechtol, Keith, Reimer, Anita, and Strong, A.W. A.W.

Abstract

The origin of the extragalactic γ-ray background (EGB) has been debated for some time. The EGB comprises the γ-ray emission from resolved and unresolved extragalactic sources, such as blazars, star-forming galaxies, and radio galaxies, as well as radiation from truly diffuse processes. This Letter focuses on the blazar source class, the most numerous detected population, and presents an updated luminosity function and spectral energy distribution model consistent with the blazar observations performed by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT). We show that blazars account for 50% of the EGB photons (>0.1 GeV), and that Fermi-LAT has already resolved ∼70% of this contribution. Blazars, and in particular hard-spectrum sources such as BL Lacs, are responsible for most of the EGB emission above 100 GeV. We find that the extragalactic background light, which attenuates blazars' high-energy emission, is responsible for the high-energy cutoff observed in the EGB spectrum. Finally, we show that blazars, star-forming galaxies, and radio galaxies can naturally account for the amplitude and spectral shape of the background in the 0.1-820 GeV range, leaving only modest room for other contributions. This allows us to set competitive constraints on the dark matter annihilation cross section., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2015

22. A population of gamma-ray emitting globular clusters seen with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author

Abdo, Aous A., Ackermann, Markus, Ajello, Marco, Baldini, Luca, Ballet, Jean, Barbiellini, Guido, Bastieri, Denis, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Blandford, Roger D., Bloom, Elliott D., Bonamente, Emanuele, Ormes, Jonathan F., Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Reposeur, Thierry, Borgland, Anders W., Ripken, Joachim, Romani, Roger W., Ziegler, Marcus, Roth, Marshall, Sadrozinski, Hartmut F. W., Ylinen, Tomi, Saz Parkinson, Pablo M., Sgrò, Carmelo, Siskind, Eric J., Smith, David A., Spinelli, Paolo, Strickman, Mark Samuel, Bouvier, Aurelien, Suson, Daniel Jeffrey, Brigida, Monica, Takahashi, Hiromitsu, Buson, Sara, Takahashi, Tadayuki, Tanaka, Takaaki, Thayer, Jana B., Thayer, John Gregg, Tibaldo, Luigi, Torres, Diego F., Tosti, Gino, Tramacere, Andrea, Brandt, Theresa J., Bruel, Philippe, Caliandro, Giuseppe Andrea, Uchiyama, Yasunobu, Usher, Tracy L., Vasileiou, Vlasios, Venter, Christo, Vilchez, Nicolás, Vitale, Vincenzo, Waite, Anthony P., Wang, Ping, Webb, Natalie, Winer, Brian L., Cameron, Robert A., Buehler, Rolf, Bregeon, Jean, Yang, Zhaoyu, Caraveo, Patrizia A., Carrigan, Svenja, Casandjian, Jean-Marc, Guillemot, Lucas, Charles, Eric, Chaty, Sylvain, Grove, J. Eric, Chekhtman, Alexandre, Cheung, C. C. Teddy, Chiang, James, Ciprini, Stefano, Claus, Rachel, Cohen-Tanugi, Johan, Conrad, Jan, DeCesar, Megan E., Guiriec, Sylvain, Dermer, Charles Dennison, Hays, Elizabeth, Palma, Francesco de, Digel, Seth W., Couto e Silva, Eduardo do, Drell, Persis S., Dubois, Richard, Dumora, Denis, Favuzzi, Cecilia, Fortin, Pascal, Frailis, Marco, Hadasch, Daniela, Jean, Pierre, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Fusco, Piergiorgio, Gargano, Fabio, Gasparrini, Dario, Gehrels, Neil, Germani, Stefano, Giglietto, Nicola, Giordano, Francesco, Glanzman, Tom, Godfrey, Gary, Johannesson, Gueolaugur, Harding, Alice K., Grenier, Isabelle A., Grondin, Marie-Hélène, Johnson, Tyrel J., Johnson, W. Neil, Kamae, Tuneyoshi, Parent, D., Katagiri, Hideaki, Kataoka, Jun, Pancrazi, Benoit, Kerr, Matthew, Knödlseder, Jürgen, Kuss, M., Lande, Joshua, Latronico, Luca, Lee, Shiu-Hang, Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne, Llena-Garde, Maja, Pepe, Monica, Longo, Francesco, Porter, Troy A., Loparco, Francesco, Lovellette, Michael N., Lubrano, Pasquale, Makeev, Andrey, Mazziotta, Mario Nicola, Michelson, Peter F., Mitthumsiri, Warit, Mizuno, Takafumi, Monte, Claudia, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Rainò, Silvia, Monzani, Maria Elena, Morselli, Aldo, Moskalenko, Igor V., Murgia, Simona, Naumann-Godo, Melitta, Nolan, Pat L., Norris, Jay P., Nuss, Eric, Ohsugi, Takashi, Omodei, Nicola, Rando, Riccardo, Piron, Frédéric, Orlando, Elena, Abdo, Aous A., Ackermann, Markus, Ajello, Marco, Baldini, Luca, Ballet, Jean, Barbiellini, Guido, Bastieri, Denis, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Blandford, Roger D., Bloom, Elliott D., Bonamente, Emanuele, Ormes, Jonathan F., Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Reposeur, Thierry, Borgland, Anders W., Ripken, Joachim, Romani, Roger W., Ziegler, Marcus, Roth, Marshall, Sadrozinski, Hartmut F. W., Ylinen, Tomi, Saz Parkinson, Pablo M., Sgrò, Carmelo, Siskind, Eric J., Smith, David A., Spinelli, Paolo, Strickman, Mark Samuel, Bouvier, Aurelien, Suson, Daniel Jeffrey, Brigida, Monica, Takahashi, Hiromitsu, Buson, Sara, Takahashi, Tadayuki, Tanaka, Takaaki, Thayer, Jana B., Thayer, John Gregg, Tibaldo, Luigi, Torres, Diego F., Tosti, Gino, Tramacere, Andrea, Brandt, Theresa J., Bruel, Philippe, Caliandro, Giuseppe Andrea, Uchiyama, Yasunobu, Usher, Tracy L., Vasileiou, Vlasios, Venter, Christo, Vilchez, Nicolás, Vitale, Vincenzo, Waite, Anthony P., Wang, Ping, Webb, Natalie, Winer, Brian L., Cameron, Robert A., Buehler, Rolf, Bregeon, Jean, Yang, Zhaoyu, Caraveo, Patrizia A., Carrigan, Svenja, Casandjian, Jean-Marc, Guillemot, Lucas, Charles, Eric, Chaty, Sylvain, Grove, J. Eric, Chekhtman, Alexandre, Cheung, C. C. Teddy, Chiang, James, Ciprini, Stefano, Claus, Rachel, Cohen-Tanugi, Johan, Conrad, Jan, DeCesar, Megan E., Guiriec, Sylvain, Dermer, Charles Dennison, Hays, Elizabeth, Palma, Francesco de, Digel, Seth W., Couto e Silva, Eduardo do, Drell, Persis S., Dubois, Richard, Dumora, Denis, Favuzzi, Cecilia, Fortin, Pascal, Frailis, Marco, Hadasch, Daniela, Jean, Pierre, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Fusco, Piergiorgio, Gargano, Fabio, Gasparrini, Dario, Gehrels, Neil, Germani, Stefano, Giglietto, Nicola, Giordano, Francesco, Glanzman, Tom, Godfrey, Gary, Johannesson, Gueolaugur, Harding, Alice K., Grenier, Isabelle A., Grondin, Marie-Hélène, Johnson, Tyrel J., Johnson, W. Neil, Kamae, Tuneyoshi, Parent, D., Katagiri, Hideaki, Kataoka, Jun, Pancrazi, Benoit, Kerr, Matthew, Knödlseder, Jürgen, Kuss, M., Lande, Joshua, Latronico, Luca, Lee, Shiu-Hang, Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne, Llena-Garde, Maja, Pepe, Monica, Longo, Francesco, Porter, Troy A., Loparco, Francesco, Lovellette, Michael N., Lubrano, Pasquale, Makeev, Andrey, Mazziotta, Mario Nicola, Michelson, Peter F., Mitthumsiri, Warit, Mizuno, Takafumi, Monte, Claudia, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Rainò, Silvia, Monzani, Maria Elena, Morselli, Aldo, Moskalenko, Igor V., Murgia, Simona, Naumann-Godo, Melitta, Nolan, Pat L., Norris, Jay P., Nuss, Eric, Ohsugi, Takashi, Omodei, Nicola, Rando, Riccardo, Piron, Frédéric, and Orlando, Elena

Abstract

Globular clusters with their large populations of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are believed to be potential emitters of high-energy gamma-ray emission. Our goal is to constrain the millisecond pulsar populations in globular clusters from analysis of gamma-ray observations. We use 546 days of continuous sky-survey observations obtained with the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to study the gamma-ray emission towards 13 globular clusters. Steady point-like high-energy gamma-ray emission has been significantly detected towards 8 globular clusters. Five of them (47 Tucanae, Omega Cen, NGC 6388, Terzan 5, and M 28) show hard spectral power indices $(0.7 < \Gamma <1.4)$ and clear evidence for an exponential cut-off in the range 1.0-2.6 GeV, which is the characteristic signature of magnetospheric emission from MSPs. Three of them (M 62, NGC 6440 and NGC 6652) also show hard spectral indices $(1.0 < \Gamma < 1.7)$, however the presence of an exponential cut-off can not be unambiguously established. Three of them (Omega Cen, NGC 6388, NGC 6652) have no known radio or X-ray MSPs yet still exhibit MSP spectral properties. From the observed gamma-ray luminosities, we estimate the total number of MSPs that is expected to be present in these globular clusters. We show that our estimates of the MSP population correlate with the stellar encounter rate and we estimate 2600-4700 MSPs in Galactic globular clusters, commensurate with previous estimates. The observation of high-energy gamma-ray emission from a globular cluster thus provides a reliable independent method to assess their millisecond pulsar populations that can be used to make constraints on the original neutron star X-ray binary population, essential for understanding the importance of binary systems in slowing the inevitable core collapse of globular clusters.

Published
2010

24. A Minimal Spanning Tree algorithm for source detection in γ-ray images.

Author

Campana, Riccardo, Massaro, Enrico, Gasparrini, Dario, Cutini, Sara, and Tramacere, Andrea

Subjects
ALGORITHMS, ASTRONOMY, PHOTONS, RANDOM fields, STOCHASTIC processes
Abstract

We developed a source detection algorithm based on the Minimal Spanning Tree (MST), that is a graph-theoretical method useful for finding clusters in a given set of points. This algorithm is applied to γ-ray bi-dimensional images where the points correspond to the arrival direction of photons, and the possible sources are associated with the regions where they clusterize. Some filters to select these clusters and to reduce the spurious detections are introduced. An empirical study of the statistical properties of MST on random fields is carried out in order to derive some criteria to estimate the best filter values. We also introduce two parameters useful to verify the goodness of candidate sources. To show how the MST algorithm works in practice, we present an application to an EGRET observation of the Virgo field, at high Galactic latitude and with a low and rather uniform background, in which several sources are detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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25. The Future of Gamma-Ray Experiments in the MeV-EeV Range

Author

Engel, K., Goodman, J., Huentemeyer, P., Kierans, C., Lewis, T. R., Negro, M., Santander, M., Williams, D. A., Allen, Alice, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Rafael Alves Batista, Benoit, Mathieu, Bloser, Peter, Bohon, Jennifer, Bolotnikov, Aleksey E., Brewer, Isabella, Briggs, Michael S., Brisbois, Chad, Burgess, J. Michael, Burns, Eric, Caputo, Regina, Carini, Gabriella A., Cenko, S. Bradley, Charles, Eric, Ciprini, Stefano, D Elia, Valerio, Daylan, Tansu, Distel, James, Donath, Axel, Duvall, Wade, Fleischhack, Henrike, Fletcher, Corinne, Fong, Wen Fe, Gasparrini, Dario, Giardino, Marco, Goldstein, Adam, Griffin, Sean, Grove, J. Eric, Hamburg, Rachel, Harding, J. Patrick, Hare, Jeremy, Hristov, Boyan, Hui, C. Michelle, Jaffe, Tess, Jenke, Pete, Kargaltsev, Oleg, Karwin, Christopher M., Kerr, Matthew, Kim, Dongsung, Kocevski, Daniel, Krizmanic, John, Laha, Ranjan, Di Lalla, Niccolo, Legere, Jason, Leto, Cristina, Leys, Richard, Lucarelli, Fabrizio, Martinez-Castellanos, Israel, Maselli, Alessandro, Mazziotta, M. Nicola, Mcconnell, Mark, Mcenery, Julie, Metcalfe, Jessica, Meyer, Manuel, Moiseev, Alexander A., Mukherjee, Reshmi, Negro, Michela, Ogasawara, Keiichi, Omodei, Nicola, Peric, Ivan, Perkins, Jeremy S., Perri, Matteo, Pittori, Carlotta, Polenta, Gianluca, Poulson, Daniel, Preece, Robert, Principe, Giacomo, Racusin, Judith L., Roberts, Oliver, Rodd, Nicholas L., Shawhan, Peter, Shutt, Thomas, Sleator, Clio, Smale, Alan, Smedley, John, Smith, Jacob R., Tasson, Jay, Teuben, Peter, Tomsick, John, Veres, Peter, Verrecchia, Francesco, Wadiasingh, Zorawar, Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A., Wood, Joshua, Woolf, Richard S., Yang, Hui, Zhang, Bing, Zhang, Haocheng, and Zoglauer, Andreas

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

Gamma-rays, the most energetic photons, carry information from the far reaches of extragalactic space with minimal interaction or loss of information. They bring messages about particle acceleration in environments so extreme they cannot be reproduced on earth for a closer look. Gamma-ray astrophysics is so complementary with collider work that particle physicists and astroparticle physicists are often one in the same. Gamma-ray instruments, especially the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, have been pivotal in major multi-messenger discoveries over the past decade. There is presently a great deal of interest and scientific expertise available to push forward new technologies, to plan and build space- and ground-based gamma-ray facilities, and to build multi-messenger networks with gamma rays at their core. It is therefore concerning that before the community comes together for planning exercises again, much of that infrastructure could be lost to a lack of long-term planning for support of gamma-ray astrophysics. Gamma-rays with energies from the MeV to the EeV band are therefore central to multiwavelength and multi-messenger studies to everything from astroparticle physics with compact objects, to dark matter studies with diffuse large scale structure. These goals and new discoveries have generated a wave of new gamma-ray facility proposals and programs. This paper highlights new and proposed gamma-ray technologies and facilities that have each been designed to address specific needs in the measurement of extreme astrophysical sources that probe some of the most pressing questions in fundamental physics for the next decade. The proposed instrumentation would also address the priorities laid out in the recent Astro2020 Decadal Survey, a complementary study by the astrophysics community that provides opportunities also relevant to Snowmass., Contribution to Snowmass 2021

26. Einstein@Home discovers a radio-quiet gamma-ray millisecond pulsar.

Author

Clark CJ, Pletsch HJ, Wu J, Guillemot L, Kerr M, Johnson TJ, Camilo F, Salvetti D, Allen B, Anderson D, Aulbert C, Beer C, Bock O, Cuéllar A, Eggenstein HB, Fehrmann H, Kramer M, Kwang SA, Machenschalk B, Nieder L, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Brandt TJ, Bregeon J, Bruel P, Buehler R, Burnett TH, Buson S, Cameron RA, Caputo R, Caraveo PA, Cavazzuti E, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Ciprini S, Cominsky LR, Costantin D, Cutini S, D'Ammando F, De Luca A, Desiante R, Di Venere L, Di Mauro M, Di Lalla N, Digel SW, Favuzzi C, Ferrara EC, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Gomez-Vargas GA, Green D, Grenier IA, Guiriec S, Harding AK, Hewitt JW, Horan D, Jóhannesson G, Kensei S, Kuss M, La Mura G, Larsson S, Latronico L, Li J, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Magill JD, Maldera S, Manfreda A, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Michelson PF, Mirabal N, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orienti M, Orlando E, Palatiello M, Paliya VS, de Palma F, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Persic M, Pesce-Rollins M, Porter TA, Principe G, Rainò S, Rando R, Ray PS, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Romani RW, Saz Parkinson PM, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Thayer JB, Thompson DJ, Torres DF, Troja E, Vianello G, Wood K, and Wood M

Abstract

Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are old neutron stars that spin hundreds of times per second and appear to pulsate as their emission beams cross our line of sight. To date, radio pulsations have been detected from all rotation-powered MSPs. In an attempt to discover radio-quiet gamma-ray MSPs, we used the aggregated power from the computers of tens of thousands of volunteers participating in the Einstein@Home distributed computing project to search for pulsations from unidentified gamma-ray sources in Fermi Large Area Telescope data. This survey discovered two isolated MSPs, one of which is the only known rotation-powered MSP to remain undetected in radio observations. These gamma-ray MSPs were discovered in completely blind searches without prior constraints from other observations, raising hopes for detecting MSPs from a predicted Galactic bulge population.

Published
2018
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