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Index de les obres ressenyades: A. SIMON i TARRÉS (dir.), Diccionari d'Historiografia Catalana. Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2003.

El treball de recerca Fonaments per a una història del paisatge de Catalunya durant l'època moderna sorgeix de l'interès per conèixer els processos transformadorsdel territori per part de la humanitat al llarg del temps, així com les implicacions socioeconòmiques de les successives configuracions paisatgístiques. El camp d'estudi es delimita a la Catalunya de l'edat moderna, especialment a les realitats territorials del segle XVIII català.

To find modifiable factors that are related to subjective well-being would be valuable for improving interventions in fibromyalgia. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and physical fitness may represent potential areas to optimize treatment regimens. In fibromyalgia, there is a discordance between clinical observations and patient-reported outcomes (objective and subjective assessments). Therefore, the present study aims at analyzing the associations of objective and subjective evaluations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and physical fitness with subjective well-being and determine if and how objective and subjective associations differ In the most conservative multivariate analysis, we found independent associations of the objective measures of physical activity with positive affect and life satisfaction and sedentary behaviour with positive affect. No such relationship was seen with subjective measures of the same behaviours. Moreover, we observed that objective and subjective physical fitness evaluations were independent of each other related to subjective well-being. Independent associations of the objectivemeasures (but not the subjective assessments) of physical activity with positive affect and life satisfaction, and of sedentary behaviour with positive affect were observed. However, objective measures and subjective appraisals of physical fitness appear to be independently related to well-being,which should be consideredwhen developing physical exercise interventions for fibromyalgia, This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [I+D+i DEP2010-15639, I+D+I DEP2013- 40908, and BES-2014–067612]; the Spanish Ministry of Education [FPU15/00002]. This study has been partially funded by the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigación 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), and by the Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidades and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), ref. SOMM17/6107/ UGR. This research was supported (in part) by the Intramural Research program of the NIH, National Institute of Nursing Research.

Oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines are factors affecting multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression. Oleacein (OLE), an olive secoiridoid, possesses powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which suggests its potential application to treat neuroinflammatory disorders. Herein, we investigated the impact of OLE on the main clinic-pathological features of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS, including paralysis, demyelination, central nervous system (CNS) inflammation/oxidative stress and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. Methods: Mice were immunized with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide, MOG35-55, to induce EAE, and OLE was administrated from immunization day. Serum, optic nerve, spinal cord and cerebellum were collected to evaluate immunomodulatory activities at a systemic level, as well as within the CNS. Additionally, BV2 microglia and the retinal ganglion cell line RGC-5 were used to confirm the direct effect of OLE on CNS-resident cells. Results: We show that OLE treatment effectively reduced clinical score and histological signs typical of EAE. Histological evaluation confirmed a decrease in leukocyte infiltration, demyelination, BBB disruption and superoxide anion accumulation in CNS tissues of OLE-treated EAE mice compared to untreated ones. OLE significantly decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-13, TNFα, GM-CSF, MCP-1 and IL-1β), while it increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Serum levels of anti-MOG35-55 antibodies were also lower in OLE-treated EAE mice. Further, OLE significantly diminished the presence of oxidative system parameters, while upregulated the ROS disruptor, Sestrin-3. Mechanistically, OLE prevented NLRP3 expression, phosphorylation of p65-NF-κB and reduced the synthesis of proinflammatory mediators induced by relevant inflammatory stimuli in BV2 cells. OLE did not affect viability or the phagocytic capabilities of BV2 microglia. In addition, apoptosis of RGC-5 induced by oxidative stressors was also prevented by OLE. Conclusion: Altogether, our results show that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory OLE has neuroprotective effects in the CNS of EAE mice, pointing out this natural product as a candidate to consider for research on MS treatments. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

The authors gratefully acknowledge all the participants for their collaboration and enthusiasm. We thank the assistant researchers involved in this study and all the members of the Physical Activity for HEaLth Promotion (PA-HELP; CTS-1018) research group., Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.06.017., Objectives: Previous research suggested isolated associations of physical and psychological factors with fibromyalgia severity. Integration of physical and psychological, experienced and observed, modifiable factors associated with fibromyalgia severity in a single model will reveal therapeutic paths toward less severity of disease. We aimed to examine an encompassing model of determinants of fibromyalgia severity. Methods: This observational, population-based cross-sectional study included 569 people with fibromyalgia. An integrative model of fibromyalgia severity was tested by using structural equation modelling. This model included 8 factors: resilience, catastrophizing, active lifestyle, declarative memory, subjective fitness, objective fitness, psychological distress, and physical fatigue. Results: Two core paths were associated with reduced fibromyalgia severity: 1) a psychological path connecting high resilience and low catastrophizing with low distress and 2) a physical path, connecting a more active lifestyle (directly and via high objective and subjective physical fitness) with low fatigue. Additional interconnecting paths especially suggested a connection from the psychological to physical path. Our model explained 83% of the fibromyalgia severity. Conclusions: The present model integrated the complexity of mutually influencing factors of fibromyalgia severity, which may help to better understand the disease. It emphasised the importance of: 1) physical factors and psychological factors and their interconnections, 2) patients’ experiences and clinical measurements, and 3) positive and negative signs such as physical fitness and distress. Future longitudinal and experimental research should aim at testing the causal direction of the associations in the model as well as the clinical implications suggested by the model. For instance, to reduce fatigue, exercise should enhance not only objective fitness but also fitness-related perceptions. Reducing distress and fatigue seems crucial for lowering fibromyalgia severity., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [I+D+i DEP2010-15639, I+D+I DEP2013-40908, I+D+I PSI2015-65241-R, and BES-2014-067612] and the Spanish Ministry of Education [FPU15/00002]. This study was funded in part by the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigación 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), and the Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidades and European Regional Development Fund (ref. SOMM17/6107/UGR) and University of Jaén, Plan de Apoyo a la Investigación 2017-2019 [EI_SEJ07_2017]. The funders did not have any role in the study design, data collection and analyses, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

The objective of this study was to validate an instrument that allows us to overcome some of the limitations found in existing tools aimed at assessing the internalization of sociocultural body ideals. To do this, we used a sample group of 1,130 students aged between 10 and 14 years. The psychometric properties of the Scale for the Internalization of Sociocultural Body Ideals (SISBI) were examined using different analyses. The results supported the eight-item structure: four items for thin body ideal internalization and four items for thin body muscular/athletic internalization. The structure showed invariance to sex and achieved acceptable internal consistency and temporal stability indexes. Furthermore, the results showed that, after controlling for sex and BMI effects, the internalization of the thin body ideal positively predicted social-physique anxiety in a statistically significant way. The results of this study provide evidence of SISBI reliability and validity in Spanish preadolescents.

Background Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex multidimensional disorder with pain as its main symptom. Fibromyalgia imposes a psychosocial burden on individuals that negatively impacts quality of life. The relationship of dietary habits with these psychosocial aspects is still unclear. Objective The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess dietary habits in a representative sample of women with FM and to explore their association with mental health, depression, and optimism in this population. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2011 and January 2013. Participants The study sample comprised 486 women (ages 35 to 65 years) with FM from Andalucía (southern Spain). Main outcome measures Mental health, depression, and optimism were evaluated by means of the mental component scale of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the Life Orientation Test Revised, respectively. A short form of a validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary habits. Statistical analyses performed Analysis of covariance was used to assess associations between dietary habits and mental health, depression, and optimism. The presence of severe depression (BDI-II ≥29) as a function of dietary habits was examined with logistic regression. Results A daily or almost-daily consumption of fruit and vegetables and a moderate consumption of fish (2 to 5 servings per week) were associated with higher scores in mental health (P

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el impacto de una intervención basada en el Modelo de Educación Deportiva (MED), en comparación con el Modelo de Enseñanza Tradicional (MET), sobre la regulación motivacional en alumnado de bachillerato en clase de Educa- ción Física. Participó un total de 44 estudiantes (22 hombres y 22 muje- res, Medad = 16.32, DT = 0.57) de bachillerato. El diseño fue un estudio cuasi-experimental con medidas pre- y post-test y comparaciones intra- e inter-grupo. El programa de intervención consistió en 12 sesiones para la enseñanza del baloncesto, siguiéndose las directrices recomendadas por la literatura tanto para el grupo MED como para el grupo MET. Los resulta- dos han indicado que el MED, respecto al MET, mejoró signifcativamente el nivel de motivación intrínseca y de regulación identifcada. Los hallazgos también han mostrado como el MED redujo signifcativamente el nivel de regulación externa y desmotivación comparado con el MET. Como conclu- sión, el MED es un modelo de enseñanza deportiva que favorece el desa- rrollo de las regulaciones de motivación más autodeterminadas (motivación intrínseca y regulación identifcada) en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el contexto escolar, lo que podría suscitar el interés en el alumnado por la práctica deportiva de modo regular en el tiempo libre. ABSTRACTC: : Te objective of this research was to examine the infuence of an intervention based on Sport Education Model (SEM), in comparison with Traditional Teaching Model (TTM), on motivational regulation in high school students in Physical Education class. A total of 44 high school students (22 men and 22 women, Mage = 16.32, SD = .57) participated. Te design was a quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-test measures and intra- and inter-group analysis. Te intervention consisted of 12 ses- sions for teaching of basketball, following the guidelines recommended by literature both for the SEM group and for the TTM group. Te results have indicated that SEM signifcantly improved the level of intrinsic motivation and of identifed regulation in relation to TTM. Te fndings have also showed that SE has signifcantly reduced the level of external regulation and of amotivation in the students regarding TTM. In conclusion, SEM is a teaching model of sport which encourage the development of the most selfdetermined regulations of motivation (intrinsic motivation and identi- fed regulation) in teaching-learning process in school setting, which could arouse the interest of students for regular practice of sport in free time. RESUMO: O objetivo dessa investigação foi analisar o impacto de uma in- tervenção baseada no Modelo de Educação Desportiva (MED), em compa- ração com o Modelo de Ensino Tradicional (MET), sobre a regulação mo- tivacional de alunos do Ensino Médio em aulas de Educação Física. O total de participantes foi de 44 estudantes (22 homens e 22 mulheres, Midade = 16.32, DT = .57). O desenho do estudo se confgurou como quase-experi- mental com medidas pré - e pós-teste e comparações intra- e inter- grupo. O programa de intervenção consistiu em 12 sessões para o ensino do basquete- bol, seguindo as diretrizes recomendadas pela literatura para o grupo MED e para o grupo MET. Os resultados indicaram que o MED, com relação ao MET, melhorou signifcativamente o nível de motivação intrínseca e de regulação identifcada. As descobertas também mostraram que o MED reduziu signifcativamente o nível de regulação externa e desmotivação comparado com o MET. Como conclusão, o Modelo de Educação Des- portiva é um modelo de ensino desportivo que favorece o desenvolvimento das regulações de motivação mais autodeterminadas (motivação intrínseca e regulação identifcada) no processo de ensino-aprendizagem no contexto escolar, o que poderia suscitar o interesse dos alunos pela prática desportiva de modo regular em seu tempo livre.

CARMENES, the brand-new, Spanish-German, two-channel, ultra-stabilised, high-resolution spectrograph at the 3.5 m Calar Alto telescope, started its science survey on 01 Jan 2016. In one shot, it covers from 0.52 to 1.71 μm with resolution R = 94,600 (λ < 0.96 μm) and 80,400 (λ > 0.96 μm). During guaranteed time observations, CARMENES carries out the programme for which the instrument was designed: radial-velocity monitoring of bright, nearby, low-mass dwarfs with spectral types be- tween M0.0 V and M9.5 V. Carmencita is the “CARMEN(ES) Cool dwarf Information and daTa Archive”, our input catalogue, from which we select the about 300 targets being observed during guaranteed time. Besides that, Carmencita is perhaps the most comprehensive database of bright, nearby M dwarfs ever built, as well as a useful tool for forthcoming exo-planet hunters: ESPRESSO, HPF, IRD, SPIRou, TESS or even PLATO. Carmencita contains dozens of parameters measured by us or compiled from the literature for about 2,200 M dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood brighter than J = 11.5 mag: accurate coordinates, spectral types, photometry from ultraviolet to mid-infrared, parallaxes and spectro-photometric distances, rotational and radial velocities, Hα pseudo-equivalent widths, X-ray count rates and hardness ratios, close and wide multiplicity data, proper motions, Galactocentric space velocities, metallicities, full references, homogeneously derived astrophysical parameters, and much more. In my talk at Cool Stars 19, I explained how we build Carmencita standing on the shoulders of giants and observing with 2-m class telescopes, and produce a dozen MSc theses and several PhD theses in the process (http://carmenes.caha.es).

El fracaso de los enfoques semiológicos aplicados al arte rupestre tiene su origen en el intento de atribuirle un carácter fonémico, es decir, la reducción de la expresión visual a su contenido o expresión verbal. En tanto que la mayoría de los casos rupestres el significado es inaccesible, es claro que el punto de partida debe necesariamente descansar en el significante. En el presente artículo exploramos en una nueva vía de análisis, que apela a un lenguaje intersemiótico que se nutre tanto de la semiótica como de la arqueología. Fundados en este diálogo o arqueosemiótica, consideramos aquí los estilos de arte rupestre como un sistema, como una configuración de significantes distintivos organizados en relaciones, vínculos que constituyen una estructura visual culturalmente significativa. Estas soluciones definen la arquitectura de modos de ver determinados histórica y socialmente, arreglos que distinguen a dos estilos de pintura rupestre de la región atacameña que nos sirven de casos de estudio: los estilos Confluencia (Formativo Temprano 4.000-2.400 a.p.) y Cueva Blanca (Formativo Tardío 2.400-1.600 a.p.).

El fracaso de los enfoques semiológicos aplicados al arte rupestre tiene su origen en el intento de atribuirle un carácter fonémico, es decir, la reducción de la expresión visual a su contenido o expresión verbal. En tanto que la mayoría de los casos rupestres el significado es inaccesible, es claro que el punto de partida debe necesariamente descansar en el significante. En el presente artículo exploramos en una nueva vía de análisis, que apela a un lenguaje intersemiótico que se nutre tanto de la semiótica como de la arqueología. Fundados en este diálogo o arqueosemiótica, consideramos aquí los estilos de arte rupestre como un sistema, como una configuración de significantes distintivos organizados en relaciones, vínculos que constituyen una estructura visual culturalmente significativa. Estas soluciones definen la arquitectura de modos de ver determinados histórica y socialmente, arreglos que distinguen a dos estilos de pintura rupestre de la región atacameña que nos sirven de casos de estudio: los estilos Confluencia (Formativo Temprano 4.000-2.400 a.p.) y Cueva Blanca (Formativo Tardío 2.400-1.600 a.p.). Semiological perspectives applied to rock art have been unsuccessful. This failure results from attributing a phonemic nature to it, that is to say, from reducing its visual expression to its content. While in most rock art what is signified is no longer accessible, it is evident that the starting point should necessarily be the signifier. In this paper, we explore a new perspective using an intersemiotic language based on the relationship between semiotics and archaeology. In this dialogue, art styles are understood as a configuration of distinctive signifiers, bonds that establish a culturally meaningful visual structure. These solutions define the architecture of socially and historically determined ways of seeing and distinguish the two rock art cases in the Atacama region which are the focus of our study: Confluencia Style (Early Formative Period 4,000-2,400 BP) and Cueva Blanca Style (Late Formative Period 2,400-1,600 BP).

Resumen basado en el de la publicación Cómo vive el profesor sustituto el hecho de ir dejando atrás alumnos y centros con los que ha estado implicado y de golpe tener que incorporarse, de un día para otro, en un contexto nuevo? Se intenta responder a esta pregunta y se explica la vivencia personal de un profesor sustituto, con las principales dificultades que encuentra, como la necesaria capacidad de adaptación rápida a los cambios, pero también con las ventajas que comporta, como son participar en diferentes etapas educativas y adquirir experiencias nuevas y enriquecedoras. Cataluña Universitat de Barcelona. Biblioteca de Ciències de l'Educació; Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 171; 08035 Barcelona; +34934021035; +34934021034; ESP

Las unidades de diseños o motivos han dominado los estudios de arte rupestre, dejando de lado aquellos arreglos que los organizan en unidades superiores. En el presente articulo, se ofrecen algunas definiciones operacionales y se sugiere que el estudio de estas configuraciones permitiría la apertura a un nuevo campo de interpretación arqueológica. Para este propósito se consideran aquí el arte rupestre del territorio chileno, un punto de partida para una discusión que seguramente excede tales límites. Units of designs or motifs have dominated the studies of rock art, leaving aside those arrangements that are organized into larger units. In this article, offers some operational definitions and suggested that the study of these configurations allow the opening of a new field of archaeological interpretation. For this purpose here are considered rock art of Chilean territory, a starting point for a discussion that will surely exceed those limits.

Gran Bretanya ha estat descrita com un “país antic” i el mateix pot dir-se dels seus paisatges, que són complexos, resultat de múltiples capes històriques i sovint icònics. L'estudi d'aquests paisatges és interdisciplinar, enfocat en matèries properes i relacionades entre sí com ho són la història del paisatge i l'arqueologia del paisatge. L'objectiu d'aquest article és revisar breument com s'ha desenvolupat la història del paisatge en termes globals a Gran Bretanya i considerar com es manté en l'actualitat., Britain has been described as an ‘old country’ and the same may be said of its landscapes which are complex, multi-layered and often iconic. The study of these landscapes is interdisciplinary, focusing on the closely related subjects of landscape history and landscape archaeology. The aim of this paper is to review briefly how landscape history in general terms has developed in Britain and to consider how it stands today., Gran Bretaña ha sido descrita como un “país antiguo” y lo mismo se puede decir de sus paisajes, que son complejos, resultado de múltiples capas históricas y a menudo icónicos. El estudio de estos paisajes es interdisciplinar, focalizado en materias próximas y relacionadas entre sí como lo son la historia del paisaje y la arqueología del paisaje. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar brevemente cómo se ha desarrollado la historia del paisaje en términos generales en Gran Bretaña y considerar cómo se mantiene en la actualidad.

El treball de recerca Fonaments per a una història del paisatge de Catalunya durant l’època moderna sorgeix de l’interès per conèixer els processos transformadorsdel territori per part de la humanitat al llarg del temps, així com les implicacions socioeconòmiques de les successives configuracions paisatgístiques. El camp d’estudi es delimita a la Catalunya de l’edat moderna, especialment a les realitats territorials del segle XVIII català.